Pavement Marking Manual December 2010

Pavement Marking Manual
Transport Services Division

Department of Planning Transport and Infrastructure (DPTI)
First Published : September 2004
Version 3.1 : October 2012
This manual was developed by Traffic Regulation and Standards, Traffic and Access Standards Section,
Road and Traffic Management Directorate, Transport Services Division.
It has been approved and authorised for use by DPTI staff and its authorised agents and other Road
Authorities as defined by the Road Traffic Act, by :
Paul Gelston
Director, Road and Traffic Management
Stephen Pascale
Manager, Traffic and Access Standards
Steve Clark
Unit Manager, Traffic Regulation & Standards
Extracts may be reproduced providing the subject is kept in context and the source is acknowledged.
Every effort has been made to supply complete and accurate information. This document is subject to
continual revision and may change.
All printed copies are uncontrolled unless otherwise marked.
For information regarding the interpretation of this document please contact:

Traffic and Access Standards Section,
DPTI
Telephone: (08) 8343 2289
Facsimile: (08) 8343 2630

Revisions
Revision to this document will be made from time to time. Revisions will only be published on
the DPTI Home page (http://www.dpti.sa.gov.au/standards/tass).
It will be the responsibility of the users of this document to ensure that the most current revision
is followed.
Version Month/Year Part/Section Description of Revision Approved By
Sept 2004 Removal of "Draft" status S.C
1.0 Sept 2005 Minor changes in section A, Major alterations in section B S.C
2.0 March 2007 Minor changes in section B, Section C added S.C
3.0 Dec 2010 All Issued for comment, changes and additions to Section B and C S.C
3.1 Oct 2012 Part C 2.23 Coloured bicycle lane - high potential conflict removed S.C

INTRODUCTION
This manual specifies the lines, patterns, symbols, letters and
numerals, pavement bars and markers used in or on roads, road
related areas and other places including kerbs, for the purpose of
A
regulating, guiding and warning road users, and provides guidelines
for appropriate use.
TYPES OF MARKINGS
This Section describes the types of markings including paint
B
substitutes, pavement bars, raised pavement markers and coloured
and/or textured surfaces.
It details the actual dimensions and other specification attributes of

markings which need not be shown on traffic control and road design
drawings.
DESIGN GUIDE
This section describes the requirements for the correct and consistent
use of pavement markings in South Australia.
C
It is intended that the section provide specific diagrammatic examples
of the application of markings and where necessary explain to the
designer the reasons why certain treatments are used. It also
provides references to the Code of Technical Requirements for the
Legal Use of Traffic Control Device (The Code), Australian Standards,
Austroads and Department for Transport Energy and Infrastucture
(DPTI) Operational Instructions.
All road authorities including their consultants and contractors are

required to conform to this manual.

Table of Contents Page
PART A - INTRODUCTION
1.0 Scope ________________________________________________________________________________________________________ A-1
2.0 Legal Requirements ____________________________________________________________ A-1
3.0 General Attributes ______________________________________________________________ A-1
3.1 Purpose __________________________________________________________________ A-1
3.2 Removal of Markings ________________________________________________________ A-1
3.3 Limitations ________________________________________________________________ A-2
3.4 Reflectorisation ____________________________________________________________ A-2
3.5 Anti-Skid Treatments ________________________________________________________ A-2
3.6 Materials __________________________________________________________________ A-2
3.7 Colours ____________________________________________________________________ A-2
3.8 Distinctive Pavement Colours ________________________________________________ A-2
3.9 Off Street Parking Areas ____________________________________________________ A-2
PART B - TYPES OF MARKINGS

1.a Scope ________________________________________________________________________ B-1
1.b Installation Specifications ________________________________________________________ B-1
2.0 Types of Markings ______________________________________________________________ B-2
2.1 Longitudinal Lines __________________________________________________________ B-2
2.1.1 Dividing Lines __________________________________________________________ B-2
2.1.2 Barrier dividing Lines ____________________________________________________ B-2
2.1.3 Lane Lines ____________________________________________________________ B-2
2.1.4 Special Purpose Broken Lines ____________________________________________ B-2
2.1.5 Edgelines ____________________________________________________________ B-3
2.1.6 Continuity Lines ________________________________________________________ B-3
2.1.7 Turn Lines ____________________________________________________________ B-3
2.1.8 Outlines ______________________________________________________________ B-3
2.2 Transverse Lines ____________________________________________________________ B-3
2.2.1 Stop Lines ____________________________________________________________ B-3
2.2.2 Give Way Lines ________________________________________________________ B-4
2.2.3 Pedestrian Crosswalk Lines ______________________________________________ B-4
2.2.4 Pedestrian Holding Lines (Station Platforms Only) ____________________________ B-4
2.2.5 Pedestrian Kerb Ramp Access (Off Street) __________________________________ B-4
2.3 Parking Control Lines ________________________________________________________ B-5
2.3.1 Parking Control Edgelines ________________________________________________ B-5
2.3.2 Parking Space Outline __________________________________________________ B-5
2.3.3 Shared Space or Area Markings __________________________________________ B-5
2.4 Diagonal Stripes and Chevron Marking ________________________________________ B-6
2.4.1 Diagonal Stripes Edge Treatments__________________________________________ B-6
2.4.2 Diagonal Stripes Dividing Treatments ______________________________________ B-6
2.4.3 Chevron Marking ______________________________________________________ B-6
2.5 Arrows ____________________________________________________________________ B-7
2.5.1 Arrows - Common Type __________________________________________________ B-7
2.5.2 Arrows - Special Type____________________________________________________ B-8
2.5.3 Arrows - Lane Change __________________________________________________ B-9
2.5.4 Arrows - Expressway Exit ________________________________________________ B-9
2.6 Messages and Symbols ______________________________________________________ B-10
2.6.1 Letters and Numbers ____________________________________________________ B-10
2.6.2 Words ________________________________________________________________ B-10
2.6.3 Bicycle and Pedestrian Pavement Symbols __________________________________ B-14
2.6.4 International Symbol of Access ____________________________________________ B-17
2.6.4a Accessible Boarding Indicator Patch (station platforms only) ______________ B-17
2.6.4b Identification of Dedicated Parking Space for People With Disabilities ______ B-17
2.6.4.1 Station Platforms ________________________________________________ B-18
2.6.4.2 Dedicated Parking Space Identification & Delineation (angle Parking) ______ B-19
2.7 Railway Level Crossing Pavement Message ____________________________________ B-20
2.8 Railway Level Crossings Yellow Box Markings __________________________________ B-21
2.9 Zig Zag School Zone Markings ________________________________________________ B-22
2.10 Point to Point Safety Camera Markings ________________________________________ B-22
2.11 Road Hump Markings ______________________________________________________ B-22
2.11.1 On Street ____________________________________________________________ B-22
2.11.2 Off Street (Watts Profile Only) ____________________________________________ B-22
2.12 Pavement Bars ____________________________________________________________ B-23
2.13 Raised Pavement Markers __________________________________________________ B-24
2.13.1 Dividing and Barrier Lines (Separates Opposing Traffic Flows Only) ______________ B-24
2.13.2 Lane Lines __________________________________________________________ B-26
2.13.3 Edgelines ____________________________________________________________ B-26
2.13.4 Corner Islands ________________________________________________________ B-27
2.13.5 Freeway/Expressway Ramps ____________________________________________ B-28
2.13.6 Urban Arterial Road ____________________________________________________ B-30
2.13.7 Rural Multi-lane Road __________________________________________________ B-31
2.13.8 Rural Two-lane Two-way Road- __________________________________________ B-32
2.13.9 Rural Intersections ____________________________________________________ B-33
2.13.10 Overtaking Lane - Merge Area Deliniation Treatment- ________________________ B-35
2.14 Audio Tactile Line Markings (ATLM) __________________________________________ B-36
2.15 Distinctive Coloured Pavement Areas ________________________________________ B-36
2.16 Kerb Painting ______________________________________________________________ B-37
2.16.1 Medians ____________________________________________________________ B-37
2.16.2 Roundabouts ________________________________________________________ B-38
2.16.3 Other Raised Islands __________________________________________________ B-38
2.17 Barrier Line Installation ____________________________________________________ B-39
2.17.1 Intersections __________________________________________________________ B-39
2.17.2 Property Accesses ____________________________________________________ B-39
2.18 Longitudinal Line Style Transition ____________________________________________ B-39
2.18.1 Dividing Lines ________________________________________________________ B-39
2.18.2 Barrier Lines __________________________________________________________ B-40
2.18.3 Unbroken Edgelines or Outlines __________________________________________ B-40
2.18.4 Edgeline Mis-match ____________________________________________________ B-41
3.0 Traffic Control Drawings and Design Layouts ________________________________________ B-42
3.1 Longitudinal Lines __________________________________________________________ B-42
3.2 Transverse Lines ____________________________________________________________ B-42
3.3 Parking Control Lines ________________________________________________________ B-42
3.3.1 Parking Control Edgelines ________________________________________________ B-42
3.3.2 Parking Space Outlines __________________________________________________ B-42
3.4 Diagonal Stripes and Chevron Markings ________________________________________ B-42
3.5 Arrows ____________________________________________________________________ B-42
3.6 Messages and Symbols ______________________________________________________ B-42
PART C - DESIGN GUIDE
1.0 Scope ________________________________________________________________________ C-1

2.0 General Treatments ______________________________________________________________ C-2
2.1 Dividing Lines ______________________________________________________________ C-2
2.2 Barrier Lines ______________________________________________________________ C-3
2.3 Diagonal Stripes and Chevron Markings ________________________________________ C-4
2.3.1 Corner Treatment ______________________________________________________ C-6
2.3.2 Flush Medians ________________________________________________________ C-6
2.3.3 Corner Islands ________________________________________________________ C-7
2.3.4 High Angle Treatment____________________________________________________ C-8
2.4 Diverge and Merge Taper Treatments __________________________________________ C-9
2.4.1 Diverge Taper Treatments ________________________________________________ C-9
2.4.2 Merge Taper Treatments (lane drop and acceleration lane situations) ______________ C-10
2.5 Raised Pavement Markers ____________________________________________________ C-10
2.5.1 Continuity Lines ________________________________________________________ C-11
2.5.2 Bicycle Lanes __________________________________________________________ C-11
2.6 Lane Line __________________________________________________________________ C-12
2.6.1 Roundabouts __________________________________________________________ C-13
2.6.2 Indented Bus Stops (partial or full)__________________________________________ C-16
2.6.3 Bicycle Lane Start and End ______________________________________________ C-17
2.7 Continuity Line ____________________________________________________________ C-18
2.7.1 Left and Right Turn Storage ______________________________________________ C-18
2.7.2 Left and Right Turn Acceleration Lanes ______________________________________ C-18
2.7.3 Bicycle Lane Continuity Lines ____________________________________________ C-19
2.8 Outlines and Painted Kerbs __________________________________________________ C-20
2.9 Edgelines __________________________________________________________________ C-22
2.10 Parking Control Lines ______________________________________________________ C-22
2.11 Pavement Messages ________________________________________________________ C-22
2.11.1 Keep Clear __________________________________________________________ C-23
2.11.2 Speed Limits __________________________________________________________ C-24
2.11.3 Other Messages ______________________________________________________ C-24
2.12 Kerb Extensions Markings __________________________________________________ C-24
2.13 Standard Intersections (local roads) __________________________________________ C-26
2.14 Give Way and Stop Line Markings ____________________________________________ C-27
2.15 Changed Priority __________________________________________________________ C-28
2.16 Roundabouts ______________________________________________________________ C-29
2.16.1 Single Lane Roundabout ________________________________________________ C-29
2.16.2 Multi-lane T-intersection Roundabout ______________________________________ C-30
2.16.3 Bicycle Lane Approach to Single Lane Roundabout __________________________ C-30
2.17 Signalised Intersections ______________________________________________________ C-31
2.17.1 Pedestrian Crosswalk Lines______________________________________________ C-32
2.17.2 Stop Lines __________________________________________________________ C-33
2.17.3 Turn Lines____________________________________________________________ C-34
2.17.4 Pavement Arrows ______________________________________________________ C-35
2.17.4.1 Multiple Turn Lanes ____________________________________________ C-36
2.17.5 Lane Lines __________________________________________________________ C-39
2.17.6 Non-reflective Raised Pavement Markers __________________________________ C-40
2.18 Expressways ______________________________________________________________ C-41
2.18.1 Expressway Exit Lane Arrows ____________________________________________ C-41
2.19 Path Treatments____________________________________________________________ C-42
2.19.1 Destination Group Layout ______________________________________________ C-42
2.19.2 Connector Group Layout ________________________________________________ C-42
2.19.3 Shared Use Path T Intersection Layout ____________________________________ C-43
2.19.4 Shared Use Path Intersection Layout ______________________________________ C-44
2.19.5 Shared Use Path T Intersection Offset Layout ______________________________ C-45
2.20 Pedestrian Treatments ______________________________________________________ C-46
2.20.1 Pedestrian Refuge ____________________________________________________ C-46
2.20.2 Emu Crossing ________________________________________________________ C-47
2.20.3 Koala Crossing ________________________________________________________ C-48
2.20.4 Wombat Crossing______________________________________________________ C-49
2.20.5 Pedestrian Actuated Crossing ____________________________________________ C-50
2.21 School Zones______________________________________________________________ C-51
2.21.1 Zigzag Marking Position ________________________________________________ C-51
2.21.2 Basic School Zone ____________________________________________________ C-52
2.21.3 Curved Alignment ______________________________________________________ C-52
2.21.4 At Intersections and Emu Crossing ________________________________________ C-53
2.21.5 Undivided Multi-lane Road ______________________________________________ C-53
2.21.6 Divided Multi-lane Road ________________________________________________ C-54
2.22 Bus Facilities ______________________________________________________________ C-54
2.22.1 Placing of Lane Messages ______________________________________________ C-55
2.22.2 Full-time/Part-time Bus Lane Treatment ____________________________________ C-57
2.22.3 Bus Lanes Approaching Signalised Intersections ____________________________ C-58
2.22.4 Parking Bays in Bus Lanes ______________________________________________ C-59
2.22.5 Bus Only ____________________________________________________________ C-59
2.23 Distinctive Coloured Bicycle Lanes __________________________________________ C-61
2.23.1 Left Turn Deceleration Lane (Potential Confict) ______________________________ C-62
2.23.2 Left Turn Acceleration Lane ______________________________________________ C-63
2.23.3 High Angle Left Turn Lane ______________________________________________ C-64
2.23.4 Minor Side Road Junction ______________________________________________ C-64
2.24 Floodways and Causeways __________________________________________________ C-65
3.0 Rural Treatments ________________________________________________________________ C-66
3.1 Divided Roads ______________________________________________________________ C-66
3.2 Multi-Lane Undivided Roads __________________________________________________ C-66
3.3 Dividing Lines on Rural Roads ________________________________________________ C-66
3.4 Barrier Lines on Rural Roads ________________________________________________ C-66
3.5 Lane Lines on Rural Roads __________________________________________________ C-67
3.6 Edgelines on Rural Roads ____________________________________________________ C-67
3.6.1 Narrow Rural Two-lane Two-way Road ______________________________________ C-68
3.6.2 Standard Rural Two-lane Two-way Road ____________________________________ C-69
3.6.3 Wide Sealed Shoulder Rural Two-lane Two-way Road __________________________ C-70
3.6.4 Multi-lane Divided Road __________________________________________________ C-71
3.7 Standard Rural Intersections __________________________________________________ C-72
3.8 Overtaking Lane Treatments __________________________________________________ C-73
3.8.1 Overtaking Lane - Diverge ______________________________________________ C-73
3.8.2 Lane Change Arrow Placements __________________________________________ C-74
3.9 Turnouts __________________________________________________________________ C-75
3.10 Rest Areas ________________________________________________________________ C-76
3.10.1 Roads With Edgelines __________________________________________________ C-76
3.10.2 Roads Without Edgelines________________________________________________ C-77
3.10.3 Full Acceleration / Deceleration Lane ______________________________________ C-78
3.10.4 Sealed Shoulders Only ________________________________________________ C-79
3.11 Structures and Obstructions ________________________________________________ C-80

Introduction
A
PART A
Introduction
1.0 Scope
This manual specifies the lines, patterns, symbols, letters and numerals, pavement bars and
markers used in or on roads, road related areas and other places including kerbs, for the
purpose of regulating, guiding and warning road users, and provides guidelines for
appropriate use.
2.0 Legal Requirements
An "Instrument of General Approval" has been issued by the Minister for Transport to
Councils and the Commissioner of Highways (and some other authorities) to use traffic
control devices which includes pavement markings. The conditions of this general approval,
which are required by law under the Road Traffic Act are contained in Part 2 - Code of
Technical Requirements for the Legal Use of Traffic Control Devices (The Code) which forms
part of ‘The Legal and technical responsibilities for Traffic Control Devices’. One of the
conditions of general approval is the requirement that the design, installation, alteration and
removal of pavement markings be in accordance with the Code.
This manual has been developed to conform with the Code and takes into consideration the
relevant Australian Road Rules, Australian Standards, Austroads guidelines and Department
of Planning Transport and Infrastructure Operational Instructions.
Pavement markings not conforming to this Manual and the Code, such as innovative or non-
standard treatments are not authorised to be used under the Instrument of General Approval
issued by the Minister. Authorisation for such treatments may only be given by the Manager,
Traffic and Access Standards Section, Department of Planning Transport and Infrastructure
(DPTI), acting as the Minister’s delegate.
3.0 General Attributes
3.1 Purpose
A system of clear, effective and consistently applied pavement markings is essential for
the proper regulations, warning and guidance of drivers, cyclists, pedestrians and other
road users.
Pavement Markings may guide traffic or give advance warning or may impose
restrictions which are supported by the Road Traffic Act. They may act as a
supplement to other traffic control devices or may be used alone to convey certain
regulations, warnings and guidance.
It is therefore important to ensure that the use of the markings conforms with the legal
requirement mentioned above before they are approved, installed, altered or removed
to avoid possible conflict or confusion, legal or otherwise.
3.2 Removal of Markings
Where traffic conditions are altered and the existing pavement markings no longer
apply it is essential that those markings be removed or obliterated. It is important that
the end result of removing markings does not leave an impression of the marking on
the road surface which may otherwise be interpreted as a marking in certain light
and/or weather conditions.
In rare cases, redundant pavement markings may be allowed to fade but only when
these markings cannot be misinterpreted or otherwise create a confusing message to
the road user which may create a safety hazard.
Pavement Marking Manual A-1

Introduction
3.3 Limitations
Pavement markings have the following limitations:
(a) They may not be clearly visible if the road is wet or dusty, for example near an
edge of a median.
(b) They are subject to traffic wear and usually require frequent maintenance.
(c) They can be obscured by traffic.
(d) Their effect on skid resistance requires careful choice of materials and precludes
the use of large marked surface areas.
(e) They cannot be applied to unsealed roads.
In spite of these limitations they have the advantage under favourable conditions of
conveying information to the driver without diverting attention from the road.
3.4 Reflectorisation
All longitudinal lines except zig zag markings shall be reflectorised.
3.5 Anti-Skid Treatment
An anti-skid treatment shall be applied to all markings other than longitudinal lines.
3.6 Materials
Road pavements may be marked with paint, thermoplastics, pre-cut sheeting, raised
pavement markers (retro-reflective, non reflective or illuminated) or pavement bars.
3.7 Colours
For all traffic control purposes pavement markings shall be white, yellow or blue. Yellow
shall be used on pavement bars and to define tram only lanes and areas where
parking/stopping restrictions apply. Blue is used for disability access. Raised pavement
markers may be white, red or yellow.
Black paint may be used in the gaps and around the edges of pavement markings to
heighten contrast where a light coloured pavement does not allow adequate marking
definition to be obtained. Where this is being considered advice should first be sought
from Manager, Traffic and Access Standards Section, DPTI.
In situations such as community events on closed roads light blue coloured pavement
markings (known as honour lines) may be used to define pedestrian boundaries.
These markings are not considered traffic control devices but should be removed after
the event, to ensure road users are not confused by the markings.
3.8 Distinctive Pavement Colours
There is a trend by road authorities to use distinctive coloured pavements to highlight

the road surface in a visual, tactile or audible manner. Such treatments may
supplement traffic control devices (e.g. bus lanes, bicycle lanes and islands) or they
may be aesthetic devices to supplement streetscape designs (e.g. intersection
threshold paving treatments). For commonly used distinctive coloured pavement areas
used in South Australia, refer to Part A 2.15.
3.9 Off Street Parking Areas
AS 2890.1 and AS 2890.6 are used in South Australia for off street car parking
pavement markings.
A-2 Pavement Marking Manual

Types of Markings
PART B
Types of Markings
B
1.a Scope
This Section describes the types of marking used including paint substitutes, pavement bars,
raised pavement markers and coloured areas.
It details the actual dimensions and other specification attributes of markings which need not
be shown on traffic control and road design drawings.
IMPORTANT :
All drawings are not to scale. The reader shall use the dimensions specified throughout the
manual. Do not scale off drawings.
1.b Installation Specifications
DPTI shall and all other road authorities should require pavement marking to be installed in
accordance with DPTI Master Specification for Road Works parts:
245 Supply of Materials for Pavement Markings
246 Application of Pavement Marking
247 Application of Audio Tactile Line Marking
Pavement Marking Manual B-1

Types of Markings
2.0 TYPES OF MARKINGS

2.1 LONGITUDINAL LINES
Line
width Colour
(mm)
2.1.1 Dividing lines (separates opposing
width Colour
traffic flows only) (mm)
3m 9m 3m 9m 3m 9m 3m
▼
▼
▼
▼
▼
▼
▼
(a) Single broken (standard) ▼
▼ 100 W
9m 3m 9m
▼
▼
▼
▼
▼
▼
(b) Enhanced broken (multi-lane) 200 W
▼
2.1.2 Barrier dividing lines (separates

opposing traffic flows only)
t
(a) Single continuous barrier t 100 W
(b) Enhanced single continuous barrier t

200 W
3m 9m 3m 9m 3m 9m 3m
t t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
(c) Double one-way barrier 100
100 W
t 100
t
100
(d) Double two-way barrier 100 W
t 100
Where the road speed limit is <70 km/h and :

- Double two-way barrier lines are justified then a single continuous barrier line shall be used, including approaches to
railway crossings and ferries. No gaps should be left for driveways or other accesses, only side roads.
Where the road speed limit is >80 km/h and :

- Double two-way barrier lines are justified, then double two-way barrier lines shall be used. Gaps should be left in linemarking
for driveways, or other accesses and side roads.
- Double one-way barrier lines are justified, then double one-way barrier lines shall continue across driveways and other
access but gaps shall be left for side roads.
- Double two-way barrier lines are justified on the approaches to railway crossings and ferries, an enhanced single barrier line
shall be used. Gaps should not be left for driveways or other accesses, only side roads.
(e) Continuous ▼
(bicycle and shared paths off road) ▼ 80 W
2.1.3 Lane lines

3m 9m 3m 9m 3m 9m 3m
t
t
t
tt
t
t
t
t
(a) Standard broken t

t 100 W
t
(b) Continuous t 100 W
2.1.4 Special purpose broken lines

9m 3m 9m
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t 100 W
B-2 Pavement Marking Manual

Types of Markings
Line
width Colour
2.1.5 Edgelines (mm)
23m 1m 23m
(a) Standard broken - two-lane two-way
t
t
t
t
tt
B
t
roads or multi-lane roads with a sealed t 100 W
shoulder < 0.5m
(b) ** Standard continuous - All roads with t

sealed shoulders > 0.5m unless t 100 W
Part B 2.1.5 (c) (below), applies.
(c) ** Enhanced continuous - t

- Southern Expressway t 150 W
- Dukes Highway
- Sturt Highway
** Note: The application of Standard Continuous and Enhanced edgelines should be
- Pt Augusta - Pt Wakefield Rd consistent over the entire length of the road. There must not be short lengths of change
All dual carriageway roads with in edgeline style less than 1km.
sealed shoulders > 0.5mk
Should there be just a few kilometres of sealed shoulder >0.5 metres in the middle of a
esd Road route (between townships) with a sealed shoulder width <0.5 metres, the standard
• Pries Highway - Toll Gate to continuous edgeline must be applied to the length with the sealed shoulder >0.5 metres
with a transition to the existing standard broken edgeline as shown in Part B 2.18.4.
Dukes Highway Intersection
• Southern Exressway
Sturt Highway
• Other roads as determine
2.1.6 Continuity lines
1m 3m 1m 3m 1m 3m 1m
t
tt
t
t
t
t
t
t
(a) Standard t
t 100 W
(b) Enhanced (used in conjunction with 1m 3m 1m 3m 1m 3m 1m

t
tt
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
150mm edgelines) 150 W
t
2.1.7 Turn lines
600mm stripe and gap

▼
▼
▼
▼
▼ 100 W
2.1.8 Outlines
(a) Standard t
t 100 W
(b) Enhanced (roads where 150mm edge t
lines are used, see Part B 2.1.5 (c) t 150 W
2.2 TRANSVERSE LINES
2.2.1 Stop lines
t
(a) Standard (<70 km/h)
450 W
t
(b) Enhanced (>80 km/h) 600 W

t

Types of Markings
2.2.2 Give way lines Line

width Colour
(mm)
▼
▼
▼
▼
(a) Standard (<70 km/h) 450 W
▼
▼
▼
▼
▼
(b) Enhanced (>80 km/h) 600 W
▼
2.2.3 Pedestrian crosswalk lines
600mm stripe and 300mm gap

(a) Standard (pedestrian actuated ▼
▼
▼
▼
crossings, intersection traffic ▼
150 W
signals, koala and emu crossings) ▼

* *
▼
▼ ▼
▼
▼
▼
▼
▼
kerb
kerb
(b) Wombat and Zebra crossings 3m min

6m max W
▼
▼
*Equal, 600mm or less
2.2.4 Pedestrian holding lines (station

platforms only)
Refer to Part B 2.6.4.1 for layout of
platform markings.
▼
(a) Platform edge hazard line ▼ 100 Y
t
(b) Platform ‘wait behind’ line t 100 W
2.2.5 Pedestrian kerb ramp access (off street)
Access to kerb ramps between parking spaces may be marked with diagonal stripes to discourage drivers from impeding
access to the ramp. Where marked they shall be white.
NOTE : For new works and large car parks, consideration should be
given to raised kerb extensions and/or formal pedestrian
path / walkway
crossings eg wombat crossings.
Detail A 150mm
450mm
See Detail A
100mm
45% 1.8m (preferred)
parking aisle
100mm

Types of Markings
2.3 PARKING CONTROL LINES Line

width Colour
(mm)
2.3.1 Parking control edgelines
(a) *No Stopping or Clearway at all ▼

B
▼ 100 Y
times

(b) *Restricted parking other than
▼
▼
▼
▼
▼
▼
▼
▼
Clearway ▼ 100 Y
3m 3m 3m 3m 3m 3m 3m
▼
▼
▼
▼
▼
▼
▼
▼
▼
▼
▼
▼
▼
▼
(c) Clearway, part time ▼ 100 Y
2.3.2 Parking space outline
(a) All vehicles/*no restrictions t

(individual bays may be marked) t 100 W

(b) *Restricted vehicle type and/or part-
▼
▼
▼
▼ ▼
▼
▼
▼
▼
▼
▼
▼
time restriction (individual bays ▼ 100 Y
may be marked).
▼
(3) **Parking for people with disabilities ▼ 100 Y
* Restricted Parking: Parking restriction by time and/or by vehicle type ** Dedicated parking spaces for people with disabilities shall be outlined
on all sides excepting any side delineated by a kerb, barrier or wall.
2.3.3 Shared space or area markings
Within off street car parking areas, shared areas or spaces located adjacent to the longitudinal side only of dedicated angle parking
spaces for people with disabilities shall have a yellow outline and yellow diagonal stripes with a slip resistant surface.
Yellow diagonal stripes shall not be used in trafficked areas including walkways within or partly within a shared area, parking aisles or
roadways.
NOTE: walkways within or partly within a shared area or

space shall be marked with yellow 100mm wide
unbroken longitudinal lines on both sides of the
walkway excepting any side delineated by a kerb,
barrier or wall (see Part B 2.6.4.2). 150mm
450mm
dedicated space
100mm
45%
100mm

Types of Markings
2.4 DIAGONAL STRIPES AND CHEVRON MARKINGS
2.4.1 Diagonal stripes edge treatment
Direction of travel
▼
X
▼
**100mm
▼
100mm
Outline/Edgeline
▼
▼
0
▼
45
*1.0m
▼
▼
100mm ▼
▼
seal
Edge of water table or
0m
1.
▼
2.4.2 Diagonal stripes dividing treatment
Direction of travel
▼
▼
X
**100mm
▼
100mm ▼
▼ Outline/Edgeline
▼
0
45
▼
*1.0m
▼
▼
100mm
▼
1.
0m
Direction of travel
▼
2.4.3 Chevron markings
Direction of travel
▼
X
▼
**100mm
▼
100mm ▼
Outline/Edgeline
▼
▼
0
45
▼
*1.0m
▼
0
45
▼
▼
100mm ▼
▼
1.
0m
Direction of travel
▼
* 1st diagonal marking or chevron is placed where the width of the treatment is 1.0m.
** In rare cases wider outlines/edgelines may be specified on traffic control drawings.
X - Spacing may be modified to suit corner islands, flush medians and merges.
For design details see Part C 2.3 and 2.12.

Types of Markings
2.5 ARROWS
2.5.1 Arrows - common types
Centre of lane
Centre of lane
Centre of lane
Y X= 100

Types of Markings
2.5.2 Arrows - special types
(a) Double turn

Centre of lane
arrow
(b) U- turn arrow Centre of lane
(c) 45% turn Centre of lane Centre of lane

arrow
(d) Through right Centre of lane

left turn arrow
Y
X= 100

Types of Markings
2.5.3 Arrows - lane change

780
1500
1000 B
NOTE: Lane change arrows shall not be used in SA 600
without the approval of Manager, Traffic and
Access Standards Section, DTEI, other than
1400
at the termination of overtaking lanes and at
the end of high speed multi-lane roads.
780
580
880
550
60
860
7500
1310
780
780
1880
edge of lane
edge of lane
centre line
of lane
2.5.4 Arrows - expressway exit
900 650
875
0
15
0
2m
15 2m
2m
3.1m
200
4m
4m
4m
2.7m
2m
630
200
725
edge of lane
edge of lane
edge of lane
edge of lane
centre line
centre line
of lane
of lane

Types of Markings
2.6 MESSAGES AND SYMBOLS
2.6.1 Letters and Numbers
Letters and numbers other than those shown in words (2.6.2) are available from Australian Standard 1742.2.
2.6.2 Words
X Y
NOTES:
The grid width (X) is constant at 100 mm, but the grid
height
(Y) may vary as follows:
Y = Height of letter or numeral required (mm)

40
However the word AHEAD may be made narrower

(eg grid width reduced to 75mm) to fit into a lane.

Types of Markings
2.6.2 Words (cont)
X Y
NOTES:
The grid width (X) is constant at 100 mm, but the grid height (Y) may vary as follows:
40
Refer to Part C 2.11.1 for the placement of KEEP CLEAR messages.

Types of Markings
2.6.2 Words (cont)
X Y
NOTES:
40

Types of Markings
2.6.2 Words (cont)
X Y
NOTES:
40

Types of Markings
2.6.3 Bicycle and pedestrian pavement symbols
Centre of lane
Y
X X
Pedestrian pavement symbol
(path only)
X=75mm
Centre of lane
X X
Bicycle pavement symbol
Road X=65mm
Path X=28mm
Road Y=1800mm
Path Y=800mm
X X
Arrow pavement symbol
(path only)
X=100mm

Types of Markings
2.6.3 Bicycle and pedestrian pavement symbols (cont)
1220mm
300mm
X X
No-Bicycles Pavement symbol for path use

X=30mm

Types of Markings
2.6.3 Bicycle and pedestrian pavement symbols (cont)
X X
No-Skaters symbol for path use
X=24mm

Types of Markings
2.6.4 International symbol of access
NOTE:
The grid is for positional purposes
2.6.4.a Accessible boarding indicator patch (station platforms only)
1000mm
Symbol shall be centrally located

1000mm 786mm
within the blue background
The colour used for the blue background

shall be “Ultramarine” (AS2700-B21)
160mm
2.6.4.b Identification of dedicated parking space for people with disabilities
1200mm max
Symbol shall be centrally located

within the blue background
1200mm max 800 - 1000mm
The colour used for the blue background

shall be “Ultramarine” (AS2700-B21)

Types of Markings
2.6.4.1 Station platforms
Direction of train travel

600mm
100mm yellow line

600mm
Tactile ground surface indicators
100mm white line
Accessible Boarding Indicator Patch
PLATFORM AREA
Direction of train travel

600mm
100mm yellow line

600mm
Tactile ground surface indicators
100mm white line
Accessible Boarding Indicator Patch
PLATFORM AREA
Note : For design requirements specific to station platforms, contact

DTEI Passenger Transport Services.

Types of Markings
2.6.4.2 Dedicated parking space identification & delineation (angle parking)
Each dedicated parking space for people with disabilities shall be identified by a white
symbol of access on a blue background in the centre of the space between 500mm and
600mm from its entry point.
B
dedicated space
kerb, barrier or wall
Either :
- end of parking module
other parking - dedicated space
spaces - other parking spaces
primary access
path
Tactile ground
500 to surface indicators
600mm
2.4m minimum
when adjacent to a dedicated
parking space for people with
2.4m disabilities.
Note : The primary access path or the shared

Parking aisle space can be located on the left or
right side of the dedicated space.
dedicated space
kerb, barrier or wall
Either :
- end of parking module
other parking - dedicated space
spaces - other parking spaces
shared space
bollard
800mm
500 to _
+ 50
600mm
2.4m 2.4m
Parking aisle

Types of Markings
2.7 RAILWAY LEVEL CROSSING PAVEMENT MESSAGE
Urban < 70km/h Rural > 80km/h

( Message shall commence with the 'X' ) ( Message shall commence with the 'RAIL' )
2.5m
6m
2.5m
X Y
7.5m
3m
X Y
5m
The grid width (X) is constant at 100mm, but the

grid height (Y) may vary as follows:
Y = Height of letter (mm)

40
Note :
1. Marking to commence 15m to 20m beyond the first warning sign, towards the railway level crossing.
2. When a new message scheme is required, the above example shall be used. When repainting
original message, existing markings can be used.

Types of Markings
2.8 RAILWAY LEVEL CROSSINGS YELLOW BOX MARKINGS
45% 45%
0m
2.
Parallel to track
5.0m minimum
2.
0m
AY
RAILW
150mm yellow lines
S
TRACK
150mm yellow lines
150mm 0.5m gap
NOTE:
When a new scheme is required, the above example shall be used.
When repainting original box markings, existing lines can be used.
Refer to AS1742.7 for the warrants for box markings.

Types of Markings
2.9 ZIGZAG SCHOOL ZONE MARKINGS

150mm
1.1m
6.0m
30.0m
NOTE:
ZIGZAG marking commences 30m in advance of School Zone Sign.
2.10 POINT TO POINT SAFETY CAMERA MARKINGS
Dividing line
Direction of travel
400mm 400mm 400mm
100mm 100mm
Edgeline or
lane line Direction of travel
Direction of travel
2.11 ROAD HUMP MARKINGS
2.11.1 On street
400mm See Detail A 400mm
200mm
Nominal start of ramp
Detail A (measurements are in mm)
200mm
Kerb
500 500 1000mm face
200
Kerb
face
500
1000mm
1000
200mm
200
Nominal start of ramp
200mm
200 200
"Inverted Piano Key" marking
2.11.2 Off street (Watts profile only)
Edge of
Detail B (measurements are in mm) Edge of road
road hump
See Detail B
Edge of 500 500

200
road hump
road hump
1200
300
500
200 The transverse part of the pavement marking is placed

200 200 on the original road in front of the road hump.

Types of Markings
2.12 PAVEMENT BARS
Single row Double row, triple row etc
Outline or edgeline Outline or edgeline

B
75mm 75mm
90% 90%
75mm min
Pavement bars for lane control
750mm
75mm
6m 3m 3m 1.5m
Note : First two bars at 1.5m spacing, then at 3m spacing up to 45m and 6m spacing over 45m
Control of turning movements at intersections
10m taper 9m 75mm gap 1.5m
400mm 750mm
100mm 3m 1.5m 750mm
Note : The 9m length using 4 bars at 3m spacing may be extended to 18m using 7 bars at 3m spacing.
B B
90%
90%
A
Where used to supplement diagonal markings or chevrons,
A pavement bars shall be placed centrally (longitudinally)
between the markings
NOTE:
Pavement bars shall not be used where *85th percentile approach speeds are greater than 75km/h. (The use
of yellow RRPM’s is an alternative, refer to inset Part B 2.13.9).
Pavement bars shall always be placed at 900 to the direction of traffic.

* 85th percentile speed (V85 km/h) - the speed at or below which 85% of vehicles are observed to travel under free-flowing conditions past a nominated
point. A vehicle is considered to be operating under free-flowing conditions when the preceding vehicle has at least 4 s headway and there is no apparent
attempt to overtake the vehicle ahead.

Types of Markings
2.13 RAISED PAVEMENT MARKERS
COLOUR OF RETROREFLECTIVE RAISED PAVEMENT

MARKERS TO AUGMENT PAINTED LINES
Applications RRPM colour
Lane lines, small* channelizing island outline,

painted or raised - all sides. White SYMBOLS FOR RAISED PAVEMENT MARKERS
Marker Symbol
Left hand edgeline, divided and 2-way roads.
Left side of diverge outline, including expressway Red Non-retroreflective raised pavement marker
exit nose, and approach end of large island. Retroreflective raised pavement marker :
Unidirectional - White
Dividing lines, right hand edgeline (divided road), - Yellow

median island outline, painted or raised - all sides.
Tram lane lines. - Red
Right side (when viewed in the direction of travel) Yellow
of exit lane on diverge outline, including Bidirectional - White
expressway exit nose, and approach end of large
island. - Yellow
* A small island should generally be regarded as one with no side Line extension on symbol indicates direction of reflection.
longer than 12m including approach and departure markings. Face of marker to be normal to direction of travel.
2.13.1 Dividing and Barrier lines

(separates opposing traffic flows
only)
4.5m
(a) Single broken (standard) unlit
24m
4.5m
(b) Single broken (standard) lit
12m
1.5m
(c) Enhanced broken (multi-lane)

unlit
24m
1.5m
(d) Enhanced broken (multi-lane)
lit
12m
25mm min
50mm max
(e) Single continuous (standard)
unlit
24m
25mm min
50mm max
(f) Single continuous (standard)

lit
12m

Types of Markings
25mm min
50mm max
(g) Enhanced continuous barrier

unlit
24m
25mm min
50mm max
B
(h) Enhanced continuous barrier
lit
12m
4.5m
(i) Double one-way barrier unlit
25mm min
50mm max
24m
4.5m
(j) Double one-way barrier lit
25mm min
50mm max
12m
25mm min
50mm max
(k) Double two-way barrier unlit
24m
25mm min
50mm max
(l) Double two-way barrier lit
12m
24m 25mm min

50mm max
(m) Outline urban roads unlit

median or island kerb
12m 25mm min

50mm max
(n) Outline urban roads lit

24m
(o) Enhanced outline rural roads

25mm min. 50mm max. X*
freeways and expressway
unlit
* where sufficient width permits (also see Part B 2.13.5)

12m
(p) Enhanced outline rural roads

freeways and expressway 25mm min. 50mm max. X*
lit median or island kerb

Types of Markings
2.13.2 Lane lines

4.5m
(a) Broken unlit

24m
4.5m
(b) Broken lit
12m
25mm min
50mm max
(c) Continuous unlit. Markers
may be on left or right of line.
24m
25mm min
50mm max
(d) Continuous lit. Markers may
be on left or right of line.
12m
Note: Direction of travel is left to right in above diagrams, with the exception of purpose
built reversible roads, i.e. Southern Expressway, where markers are bi-directional.
2.13.3 Edgelines
(a) Standard broken

24m
25mm min
50mm max
(b) Standard continuous unlit

24m
25mm min
50mm max
(c) Standard continuous lit

12m
25mm min
50mm max
(d) Enhanced continuous unlit
24m
25mm min
50mm max
(e) Enhanced continuous lit

12m
Note: Direction of travel is left to right in above diagrams, with the exception of purpose built
reversible roads, i.e. Southern Expressway, where markers are bi-directional red - white.
NOTE: Edgelines in the merge taper on overtaking lanes varies from this specification (see Part B 2.13.10).

Types of Markings
2.13.4 Corner islands
2.13.4.1 Posted speed <80km/h
< 15m
B
no RRPMS
on bicycle lanes
RRPMs shall not be

placed within crosswalks
> 15m
<3m
<3m
minimum of 2 RRPMs
on any one edge
NOTE :
In urban areas RRPMs on corner islands are to be white except where large
raised dividers are used (refer to Part B 2.13.6) or where red RRPMs have been
used on the edgelines on the approach or downstream from the corner island.
In the latter cases, red RRPMs shall be used to 'continue' the line of RRPMs on
the drivers left hand side only.
2.13.4.2 Posted speed >90km/h
>3m - <12m >12m
>3m - <12m
>12m
NOTE :
On rural roads with continuous edgelines (standard or enhanced) red RRPMs
should be located on the other side of the corner island outline.
Indicates direction of travel

Types of Markings
2.13.5 Freeway/Expressway ramps
(a) Preferred

kerb or
edge of seal
N* = 12m lit or 24m unlit
N*
N*
6m
6m
NOTE :
N*
RRPMs should be placed on the
median traffic island or shoulder
side where sufficient pavement
width permits.
6m 6m
6m 6m
N*
6m
6m
N*
N*
kerb or
edge of seal

Types of Markings
2.13.5 Freeway/Expressway ramps (cont)
(b) Alternative
kerb or
B
edge of seal
N* N* = 12m lit or 24m unlit

N*
N*
N*
6m 6m
NOTE :
This treatment narrows the lane
width and may not be consistant
with RRPM locations before and
after the ramp. 6m 6m
6m 6m
6m 6m
N*
N*
N*
N*
kerb or
edge of seal

Types of Markings
2.13.6 Urban arterial road
for RRPMs on urban corner

islands see Part B 2.13.4.1
kerb
kerb
red RRPMs on edgelines

in urban areas is optional.
raised divider
200m maximum
between bicycle
symbols.
Generally no kerb
RRPMs on
continuity lines.

Types of Markings
2.13.7 Rural multi-lane road
edge of seal
B
for RRPMs on rural corner

islands see Part B 2.13.4.2
200
X
sealed shoulder
> 0.5m
200
X
2

Types of Markings
2.13.8 Rural two-lane two-way road
(a) Unsealed Shoulder (b) Sealed Shoulder >0.5m
Unsealed Unsealed
48m standard continuous
do not extend edgeline

into side road. only extend edgeline into
48m standard side road where sealed
continuous side road extends > 50m
TP
TP
Sealed Sealed
TP
48m standard
TP continuous
RRPM's may be either side of dividing line

48m standard continuous but must be consistently placed through
the intersection.

Types of Markings
2.13.9 Rural intersection
B
(a) Auxiliary Right Turn (AUR) (b) Auxiliary Left Turn (AUL)
(For maintenance purposes only.
Not to be used for planning / design)
Generally no RRPMs
on continuity lines
enhanced
Note:
Unlit road example.
For lit roads RRPM
spacing shall be 12m.

Types of Markings
2.13.9 Rural intersection (cont)

(c) Channelised Right Turn
(CHR and CHRS) Inset A
See Inset A
for more detail
200
200
X
2
650mm
CL to CL Inset B
For storage and taper lengths refer to Austroads
400mm
1.5m
750mm
Guide to Road Design Part 4A.
125mm 1.5m
See Inset B
for more detail from CL
125
200 200
9m 3m
Start laying yellow RRPM's Note :

before first diagonal marking
The 9m length using 4 sets of RRPM's
then every 24m. at 3m spacing may be extended to 18m
using 7 sets of RRPM's at 3m spacing.

Types of Markings

48m
RRPM plan
24m 24m 12m 12m 12m 12m

12m 12m 12m 48m
12m 12m 12m 12m

12m 12m 12m 12m 24m 24m
edgeline
edgeline
24m 24m 24m 24m 24m 24m 24m 24m 24m 24m 24m 24m
2.13.10 Overtaking lane - merge area deliniation treatment
B-35
B
Types of Markings
2.14 AUDIO TACTILE LINE MARKINGS (ATLM)
ATLM may consist of a thermoplastic pattern of transverse ribs or chequers to a specification. Such markings are
designed to provide a significant audible and tactile warning in rural environments where driver fatigue has been
identified as a problem. Refer to Operational Instruction 2.13 Audio Tactile Linemarking.
2.15 DISTINCTIVE COLOURED PAVEMENT AREAS
Only the following AS2700 colours shall be used:

(a) Bus Only areas (not bus lanes) - Signal Red, R13.
(b) Bicycle lanes - Emerald, G13.
(c) Full time signalised pedestrian crossings (only) - Golden Yellow, Y14
(d) Accessible boarding indicator patch and identification of dedicated parkng spaces for people with disabilities -
Ultramarine, B21 (refer to Part B 2.6.4).
The above coloured pavement areas shall be treated with skid resistant material to a minimum value 45 BPN (British
Pendulum Number).
Distinctive coloured pavements for areas other than those stated above shall be refered to Manager, Traffic and Access
Standards Section, DTEI for consideration.
Bicycle Lane line

or kerb
Bicycle Lane line
No gap between green

distinctive pavement marking No gap between red
and continuity line distinctive pavement
marking and lane line
continuity lines
continuity lines

Types of Markings
2.16 KERB PAINTING
2.16.1 Medians
Isolated openings in median kerbs left for drainage purposes shall not be painted.
B
TP TP
< 2.0m
TP TP
TP TP
< 2.0m
TP TP
TP TP
TP
> 2.0m
To start of taper
or 60m max.
TP TP
TP TP
TP
To start of taper > 3.0m

or 60m max.
TP TP
TP TP
TP TP

Types of Markings
TP TP
TP
To start of taper
or 60m max.
TP TP
TP TP
To s
tart
of ta
per
or 6
0m
max
.
TP
TP
2.16.2 Roundabouts
Kerbs on roundabouts including stand alone splitter islands shall be fully painted. On roundabouts with provision for
heavy vehicle movements i.e. with mountable or semi-mountable areas, the first 200mm of the mountable or semi-
mountable area shall be painted white. The kerb of the central or main island in these circumstances shall not be
painted.
2.16.3 Other raised islands
Unless specified otherwise on traffic control drawings the approach ends of traffic islands shall be painted white for a
distance of 6 metres. Exit ends of islands need not be painted.
Where approach end of islands have outlines with diagonal markings or chevrons, kerbs need not be painted.
Kerbs on islands with sides measuring less than or equal to 9 metres (between end tangent points) shall be fully
painted.
Direction of travel 6m
TP TP
TP
TP
6m
Direction of travel
6m
Direction of travel
vel
f tra
io no 6m
ect
Dir
TP
TP
6m
Di
re
ct
l
ve
io
n
tra
of
of
tra
n
io
ve
ct
l
TP TP re
Di
6m

Types of Markings
2.17 BARRIER LINE INSTALLATION
2.17.1 Intersections
Gaps shall be provided in double two way barrier lines and shall generally be 10m wide and centrally placed at the
intersecting centre point of the side road.
B
Where barrier lines are required for vertical or horizontal alignment sight restrictions take precedence over standard
rural two lane, two way road intersection treatments.
2.17.2 Property accesses
Gaps should not generally be provided in double two way barrier lines. Leaving a gap allows a driver to legally enter
and leave the road as well as U-turns at a place where there may be a restricted sight distance due to horizontal or
vertical curves. A gap may only be provided where a survey determines that sufficient sight distance is available to
safely allow all movements.
Where provided the gap shall generally be 5m. The gap may be increased at wider accesses or where the turning
vehicle envelope would otherwise cross the double two way barrier lines.
2.18 LONGITUDINAL LINE STYLE TRANSITIONS
2.18.1 Dividing lines
Broken (standard) to enhanced 100mm

broken Centre line 200mm
100mm
Continuous to enhanced continuous Centre line 200mm
12m
200mm
Enhanced continuous to standard Centre line 100mm
outline
100mm

Types of Markings
2.18.2 Barrier lines
Transition from ‘one direction’ to ‘both

directions’ lines
150mm
▼
2.18.3 Unbroken edgelines or outlines ▼
▼ ▼ 100mm
Direction of travel

Types of Markings
2.18.4 Edgeline mis-match
A mis-match of the edgeline road markings may result where a change of lane width occurs
after sealing the road shoulders, resealing works or road reconstruction. Where this occurs,
a transition of the edgeline between the new and existing markings shall be made as
indicated in the diagram below.
B
post re-seal edgeline road markings
unsealed
shoulder
existing surface
transition edgeline obsolete RRPMs

a minimum of 24m to be removed
of new work
obsolete edgelin
to be removed
work
transition of edgeline
continuous
edgelines
note : obsolete edgeline and RRPM's

must be removed. Refer to Part A 3.2

Types of Markings
3.0 TRAFFIC CONTROL DRAWINGS AND DESIGN LAYOUTS

3.1 LONGITUDINAL LINES
Longitudinal lines shall be shown on all traffic control drawings. This includes edgelines and
outlines.
Dimensions to kerbs shall be to the kerb face. Dimensions to longitudinal lines (other than zig
zag school zone markings ) shall be to the centre of the line. Dimensions of barrier lines shall
be to the centre of the combination of the two parallel lines.
3.2 TRANSVERSE LINES
Transverse lines shall be shown on all traffic control drawings. Dimensions shall be clearly
shown to either the leading or trailing face of all transverse lines, except pedestrian cross walk
lines. Pedestrian crosswalk lines shall be dimensioned to the centre of the line.
3.3 PARKING CONTROL LINES
3.3.1 Parking Control Edgelines
All parking control lines (where used) shall be shown on traffic control drawings.
Parking control edge lines shall be marked in a consistent alignment parallel to and
approximately 400mm from the kerb or edge of seal.
3.3.2 Parking Space Outlines
Parking space outlines shall be shown and dimensioned on traffic control drawings.
3.4 DIAGONAL STRIPES AND CHEVRON MARKINGS
Diagonal stripes and chevron marking shall be shown on traffic control drawings.
3.5 ARROWS
All arrows shall be shown on traffic control drawings and may be dimensioned longitudinally.
Arrows shall be located centrally within the lane width as shown in Part B 2.5.
3.6 MESSAGES AND SYMBOLS
All messages and symbols shall be shown and the longitudinal spacing dimensioned
longitudinally on traffic control drawings.
Messages and symbols shall be located centrally within the lane such that a minimum of
150mm gap is maintained between the edge of the message or symbol and the centre of any
adjacent longitudinal line or to the edge of seal. Spacing between letters to form commonly
used words are shown in Part B 2.6.2.
Bicycle symbols shall be located approximately 100mm from the bicycle lane line adjacent to
the traffic lane. Where the bicycle lane is less than 1.4 metres wide it will be necessary to
reduce the width of the symbol. This will be achieved by masking part of the rear wheel to
preserve the 100mm gap between the edge of the symbol and the centre of lane line.
Symbols on paths shall be located centrally within the designated area of travel i.e. between the
left edge of the path and the separation line. Examples for both symbols and messages on
paths is shown in Part C 2.19.

Design Guide
PART C
Design Guide
1.0 Scope
This section describes the requirements for the correct and consistent use of pavement
C
markings on roads in South Australia
It is intended that the section provide specific diagrammatic examples (i.e. not to scale or
proportion) of the application of markings and where necessary explain to the designer the
reasons why certain treatments are used. It also provides references to :
l The Road Traffic Act
l Australian Road Rules (ARR)
l The Technical Requirements for the Legal Use of Traffic Control Devices (The Code)
l Australian Standards (AS)
l Austroads Guide to Traffic Management (GTM)
l Austroads Guide to Road Design (GRD)
l Department for Transport, Energy and Infrastructure (DTEI)
l Operational Instructions (OI)
All road authorities including their consultants and contractors are required to conform to this
manual.
NOTE:
Dimensioning Convention
All drawings are not to scale. The reader shall use the dimensions
specified throughout the manual. Do not scale off drawings.
All markings (longitudinal and transverse) are dimensioned centre

to centre, except for Give Way, Stop lines and pavement messages.
lane lines
Give Way, Stop lines and pavement messages are generally measured
from either the leading or trailing edge of the line or message.
crosswalk line
y
trailing edge
stop line
leading edge
Pavement Marking Manual C-1

Design Guide
References
2.0 GENERAL TREATMENTS
General treatments are considered those that apply in all urban built up areas. These include
local residential roads, collector roads, arterial roads and expressway type roads in or near
cities and townships. They may include roads of any speed environment.
2.1 DIVIDING LINES
There is no traffic volume warrant for the provision of dividing lines on urban roads in South
ARR 132, 134
Australia. It is important for designers to remember that the use of single continuous dividing
AS1742.2 Section 5
line prohibits certain crossing movements, including U turns, but does not prohibit entering or
GTM Part 10
leaving the road. U turns should generally not be restricted by the use a single continuous lines
OI 2.15
unless site distance is poor or special facilities have been provided to satisfy U turn demand
OI 2.27
within the section of road.
OI 2.40
Any assessment for the need for dividing lines should take the following into consideration:
l All ‘arterial’ roads shall be provided with dividing lines in urban areas, and shall be
augmented with RRPM’s.
l All ‘collector’ roads should be provided with dividing lines.
l Local roads may be provided with dividing lines. Installing dividing lines on narrow roads
may have implications for parking.
l Where provided between major intersections dividing lines should be broken, and shall be
standard width for two lane roads and enhanced for multi lane roads.
l Where provided on minor or local roads at intersections, short sections of continuous
dividing lines may be provided (see intersection examples in Part B 2.13.8, 2.13.9 and Part
C 3.7).
l Double barrier lines, i.e. multiple lines consisting of combinations of broken and continuous
lines or double continuous lines, are not used on urban roads.
l Broken dividing lines on arterial roads continue through minor road intersections.
l On any road, a break is provided in continuous dividing lines through intersections (see
Part B 2.13.9 for example).
Dividing lines are not normally necessary on minor road approaches to major roads. However
there may be situations where such lines could provide additional guidance to road users.
Such cases include :
- Wide side roads

- Multi lane side roads
- High volumes of right turn movements into and/or from minor road
Dividing lines should not be provided on minor road approaches where right turn and through
movements are prevented or prohibited from the minor road.
Dividing lines should always be provided on minor road approaches that have give way or stop
lines (also see Part C 2.12).
C-2 Pavement Marking Manual

Design Guide
Dividing lines References
PARKING
C
Kerb
Kerb
Kerb
Kerb
PARKING
Kerb
PARKING
Kerb
two-lane two-lane two-way road multilane two-way road multilane two-way road
two-way road with marked parking (with bicycle lanes) (two plus one with parking)
2.2 BARRIER LINES
Double one way barrier lines are used at Railway Crossings and Ferries in both rural and ARR 132, 134
urban areas where the speed limit is >80km/h to prohibit overtaking on the approached side. AS1742.2 Section 5
A single continuous barrier line should be used where the speed limit is <70km/h or as an AS1742.7 Section 3
alternative to permit traffic to cross the line to enter or leave the road. Where single GTM Part 10
continuous barrier line is used, it shall be standard width on roads <70km/h and enhanced OI 2.15
on roads >80km/h. OI 2.40
OI 7.1
Generally single continuous lines should be used instead of double barrier lines (one-way or
two- way) in urban and low speed rural areas (also see Part B 2.1.2).
There is a temptation to use double barrier lines (double one-way or double two-way) to
control vehicle movements. However experience has shown that such treatments are
generally too passive in nature. Where it is considered necessary to prohibit all crossing
movements (for road safety) then preference should be given to physical controls e.g. raised
medians and islands, that are self regulating and do not rely on police enforcement to be
effective.
For further information on the use of barrier lines on rural roads refer to Part C 3.4.

Design Guide
2.3 DIAGONAL STRIPES AND CHEVRON MARKINGS References
Diagonal stripes and chevron markings are used to augment and highlight pavement ARR 88, 138 and 197
marking treatments. They often have legal significance under the ARR. They take the form AS1742.2 Section 5
of chevrons when used to indicate that drivers, travelling in the same direction may pass GRD Part 4A
either side of the treated area or as diagonal stripes where the treatments separate
opposing traffic flows. Refer to Part B 2.4 for detailed layout of stripes.
Spacing between diagonal stripes at low speed turns is generally 6m. The spacing for
diagonal stripes and chevron markings is generally 6m on roads <70km/h, 12m on roads
>80km/h and 24m or 48m on freeways/expressways.
Diagonal stripes shall be placed at 45 degrees to the direction of travel whether straight or
curved and shall be at 45 degrees to the centre line of the divergence where drivers travel
on both sides of the markings.
While not exclusive, below are examples of diagonal treatments.
Traffic on either side Traffic to right side only

(opposing direction)
ker
bo
r ed
ge
of s
eal
Traffic on either side (same direction)

Design Guide
2.3.1 Corner Treatment References
On curved alignments, where diagonal markings are not parallel, the spacing of the
markings shall be measured at the outline or edgeline.
C
o
45
6m*
o
45
kerb or
edge of seal
The use of diagonal stripes is discouraged on left turn treatments,

where the left turn driver has priority. Stripes are a passive treatment
and in this location are usually driven over regulary, requiring additional
maintenance. They can also be a slip hazard with differential skid
resistance between the painted area and the pavement.
kerb
*Nominal spacing between stripes is 6 metres but may be varied. For rural treatments the
spacing may be increased depending on the radius of the curve. Where the section to be
striped is short it is preferable to provide stripes closer together (as close as 3 metres) to
ensure the stripes provide the desired effect of discouraging traffic from driving on the area.

Design Guide
2.3.2 Flush medians References
Flush medians may separate lanes dividing opposing traffic streams, while allowing access ARR 138
to and from the road or entrance to a turning lane.
It should be noted that unlike raised medians, flush medians do not provide physical control
of traffic movements nor do they have the advantages of being clearly visible, especially at
night and in wet weather.
Spacing between median breaks
*12m
Diagonal marking variations for median breaks
widest point
30m taper point
*15m
widest point >10 but <20 widest

point
widest <10m
*15m
point
widest
point
* Generally spacing between diagonal markings should be 12m. Spacing may be varied
between 10 - 15m to suit median lengths. Spacing must be consistent along entire length
of each median section. Although it is preferable to provide at least 2 diagonal markings
in short lengths, one marking may be used in cases of very short lengths.

Design Guide
2.3.3 Corner islands References
The use of very small corner islands (less than 3m sides) should be avoided. Such islands
cause confusion to drivers regarding give way responsibilities when turning at intersections.
Chevrons and diagonal stripes may be used between the outline and the kerb of a raised
island where better turning control is required. However they should only be augmented
with diagonal stripes where the distance between the kerb and outline is greater than 1.0m.
C
Flush Corner Island
>3m - <12m
<3m
<3m
1m >3m - <12m
1m
Corner Islands both flush and raised for left turning vehicles should be augmented with ARR 62, 69 and 72 (4)
chevron markings for the guidance of both left turn and through vehicles. The treatment
also clearly define the differences in the ARR between turning movement priorities at
intersections.
Raised Corner Island
>1m 3m 3m 3m
<1m
3m
3m
3m

Design Guide
2.3.4 High Angle treatment References
Diagonal stripes adjacent to kerbs at left turn treatments may be placed to guide standard
design vehicles through left turns.
Vehicles such as Semi-trailers are permitted to turn over diagonal stripes to complete turns.
Diagonal markings may be supplemented with pavement bars to promote lane compliance.
ke
br
Special purpose lanes and corner island treatments, adjacent to motor vehicle through lanes.

Design Guide
2.4 DIVERGE AND MERGE TAPER TREATMENTS References
2.4.1 Diverge taper treatments
It is often necessary to move traffic laterally across a section of road without merging lanes.
Examples include divergence of traffic lanes to avoid pedestrian refuges, on street parking
areas and at the start of median sections.
It is preferable to provide as long a divergence length as possible, especially where two or

more adjacent lanes must diverge. The following diverge calculation provides a minimum C
length. However, experience has shown that greater lengths should be provided whenever
possible. For example, extra taper length is important for pedestrian refuge situations to
provide additional protection for pedestrians and to avoid constant damage to signs and
pedestrians hand rails.
GRD Part 3 Section 9

OI 2.15
(x) Td = Vy OI 2.40
see table below 3.6s
kerb
y
2m
kerb
A length of continuous barrier line should be provided in accordance with the table below on
the approach / exit to merge and diverge tapers.
Td = Diverge length
V = Design speed or speed limit (km/h)
y = Lateral movement (m)
s = Rate of lateral movement diverge = 1m/sec
in the above case Td = 70 x 1.0

3.6 x 1.0 = 20m
Design
(or 85th percentile operating) x
Speed (km/h)
< 60 12m
70/80 24m
> 80 36m

Design Guide
2.4.2 Merge taper treatments (lane drop and acceleration lane situations) References
direction
“Zip merge”, is the preferred merge treatment in urban areas of travel
with a speed limit of less than 80km/h.This is a minimum
merge taper length. However, experience has shown that AS1742.2 Section 4
greater lengths should be provided, to assist drivers
undertake the zip merge.
median
Tm = Merge length
V = Design speed or speed limit *(km/h)
Tm = Vy
3.6s
s = Rate of lateral movement
merge = 0.6m/sec
note :
no continuity
lines
in this case Tm = 70 x 3.5
3.6 x 0.6 = 110m
Design Speed
or Speed Limit (km/h)* x
< 60 36m
< 80 48m x
*whichever is higher
lane widths
3.5m
Zip merges are not to be used on roads with a
speed limit of 80 km/h or greater.
2.5 RAISED PAVEMENT MARKERS
Broken and continuous lines may be augmented with retroreflective raised pavement markers
(RRPMs).
Standard spacing is 12m on lit and 24m on unlit roads.
As a minimum on arterial roads, RRPMs shall be provided on all dividing lines in urban areas
and should be provided in rural areas. RRPMs should also be provided on lane lines, special
purpose lane lines and flush island outlines.
RRPMs enhance longitudinal lines to such an extent that they discourage crossing
movements. For this reason RRPMs shall not be used on continuity lines except in
circumstances shown.
RRPMs may be used on collector and local roads if additional delineation treatment is
considered necessary.
For the use of non-reflective pavement markers through intersections, refer to Part C 2.17.6.

Design Guide
2.5.1.Continuity lines References
Generally RRPMs are not required on continuity lines. However, in some rare cases they may
be required to provide guidance .eg
- On tapers where traffic is required to deviate from their path eg. trapped lane situation.
- On long lengths of curvilinear continuity lines.
Note:
- RRPMs shall not be used on continuity lines in merging situations. C
- Where used, spacing shall be generally the same as that applied to lane lines i.e. 24m
on unlit roads, 12m on lit roads.
12m
where RRPMs on continuity lines are used, it must

be shown / indicated on the design drawings.
2.5.2 Bicycle lanes
The provision of RRPMs can be hazardous to cyclist’s when placed adjacent bicycle lane
lines. This is particularly the case for part-time bicycle lanes when cyclist’s are required to ride
around parked cars outside bicycle lane operating times. Therefore it is recommended that
RRPMs not be located adjacent to or near part-time bicycle lane lines. It may also be
appropriate to not install RRPMs on full-time bicycle lanes in areas where cyclists are required
to ride around buses and other vehicles legitimately stopped on the road.

Design Guide
2.6 LANE LINES References
Lane lines divide two or more lines of traffic travelling in the same direction and shall be ARR 146
provided on roads where traffic is expected to travel in more than one lane. AS1742.2 Section 5
Lanes in urban areas should not be marked on a road where it would result in lane widths of
less than 3.0m.
Where kerbside lanes are designed to be shared with cyclists, the minimum lane width shall
be 3.7m
Lane lines are normally standard broken. However, continuous lane lines may be required
between exclusive through and exclusive turn lanes on approaches to intersections (see Part
C 2.7). They may also be used to restrict lane changing mid-block.
Lane lines should be continued through minor road intersections.
At a lane drop, the lane line should cease before the taper commences. This distance is
shown in the table in Part C 2.4.2.
For lane lines on the approach to signalised intersections see Part C 2.17.5.
For the use of continuity lines as lane lines (including the length of continuous line) see
Part C 2.7.
continuity lines
see Part C 2.7
length of unbroken lane line

see Part C 2.7
lane drop
see Part C 2.4.2
5m
7.5
m

Design Guide
2.6.1 Roundabouts References
Lane lines on the approach to a multilane roundabout are positioned as they would be for ARR Part 9
other intersections. The lane lines within the circulating lanes and leading out of a AS1742.2 Section 5
roundabout, known as special purpose lines, provide added guidance through the curves GTM Part 6
while negotiating within and exiting the roundabout. Lane lines must be curved where GTM Part 10
necessary to ensure this guidance is further enhanced.
Exit line placement

C
additional two exit lines

where drivers in the left lane wishing
should be provided after
to continue in the circulating path
the exit.
around the roundabout they are
required to cross the exit line, it is
preferable that the exit line extend from
a point within the circulating path and
continue into the exit road.
exit area
starting position for exit line, see inset for

each exit line around the roundabout.
Inset

Design Guide
Multi-lane roundabout with two single lane approaches References

and two single lane exits
Multi-lane roundabout with two lane approaches and two

lane exits

Design Guide
Multi-lane roundabout with two approach lanes, one exit References

lane, and featuring an exclusive left turn lane
Multi-lane roundabout with two approach lanes, one exit

lane, and featuring an exclusive right turn lane

Design Guide
2.6.2 Indented bus stops (partial or full) References
ARR 195
car park
kerb Standard
continuous Standard
line continuous
line
10m
median (or other dividing treatment)
bus stop
sign
indented bus stop
bus stop
20m
kerb
car park
NOTE: For bus stop design requirements, refer to GD800

page 3 of (www.dtei.sa.gov.au/standards/road_design_standards_and_guidelines)

Design Guide
2.6.3 Bicycle lanes start and end References
AS1742.2 Section 9
GRD Part 3
y
GTM
OI 9.2
OI 9.3 C
start of
bicycle lane
formula for calculating

diverging taper
d=vy
(whichever is greater)
3.6
30m or d
d = minimum length of taper (m)
v = design speed or speed limit (km/h)
y = lateral movement of vehicle, or width

reduction (m)
end of
bicycle lane

Design Guide
2.7 CONTINUITY LINES References
Continuity lines generally provide longitudinal ‘continuity’ to traffic along lengths of road
where lane lines or other longitudinal lines either cannot or should not be provided. They are
used to substitute lane, dividing or edgelines where it is intended that the line be crossed.
Where they are used in lieu of a lane or dividing line it is important to remember that they
may continue to have the same legal effect in regard to traffic movements.
Examples of continuity lines include :
l To provide continuity at very wide straight openings across side roads or other entry and
exit points along a road or across those openings that are subject to significant vertical or
horizontal changes. Continuity lines should only be provided for such situations where it is
likely that through traffic would otherwise loose continuity of travel (see Part C 2.5.1 for
example).
l At the start and end of auxiliary and special purpose lanes to indicate the section of road
that should be crossed to access or exit the auxiliary lane.
l Across side roads and other sections of road to indicate the continuance of bicycle lanes.
l Across median openings where the median is greater than 2 metres in width.
2.7.1 Left and right turn storage / deceleration lanes
A
x kerb or edge
of bitumen
2.7.2 Left and right turn acceleration lanes
A
kerb or edge x
of bitumen
A x
<72m 0m (all continuity line)
72m - 120m 12m continuity line
120m - 180m 24m continuity line
>180m 36m continuity line
NOTE: A single continuous line has regulatory importance in the ARRs. When a single
continuous line is used, ARR permits vehicles to cross it to enter or leave the road
or when passing a stationary obstruction (including a parked vehicle), but does not
permit overtaking or u-turning.

Design Guide
2.7.3 Bicycle lane continuity lines References
kerb
kerb
Note:
PARKING
1. Check turning vehicle envelope for

standard design vehicle.
2. Bicycle lane continuity lines to extend

across turning vehicle envelope.
3. Bicycle logo not to be placed within

bicycle lane continuity lines.
turning vehicle
envelope
PARKING
kerb
kerb

Design Guide
2.8 OUTLINES AND PAINTED KERBS References
l RRPMs generally need not be provided on outlines.

l Raised median kerbs shall be outlined where the adjacent through lane width is
3.0m or greater in width.
l Raised median kerbs shall be painted where the adjacent through lane width is less than
3.0m.
l Raised median kerbs in auxiliary right turn lanes shall not be outlined unless the right turn
lane is greater than or equal to 3.0m in width.
l Raised islands, other than raised medians and roundabouts shall be outlined unless the
adjacent lane is a bicycle lane.
l All roundabouts and splitter island kerbs shall be painted and may be outlined.
l Outlines on raised islands and medians shall be standard continuous.
Outlines and median kerb painting for auxiliary right turn lanes <3.0m
<3.0m <3.0m
6.0m min 6.0m min
>3.0m
<3.0m

Design Guide
Outlines and median kerb painting for auxiliary right turn lanes >3.0m References
>3.0m >3.0m
C
6.0m min 6.0m min
>3.0m
<3.0m
>0.15m

Design Guide
2.9 EDGELINES References
l Kerbed roads in urban areas are generally not edgelined.
l Unkerbed roads in urban areas shall be provided with edgelines and may be augmented
with RRPMs.
2.10 PARKING CONTROL LINES ARR 169

AS1742.11
On street parking control lines are not dealt with in detail in this document. Where used,
markings shall conform to the Australian Standard (AS 1742.11), except as indicated below.
Generally parking control markings, such as lines, T’s and L’s used to delineate parking
spaces are white.
Clearways, both part time and full time shall not be marked with edgelines.
Full time parking restriction lines i.e. unbroken yellow lines, may be used to designate No
Stopping areas (with or without sign posting), but shall not be used to designate No Stopping
areas already covered in the Road Rules i.e. driveways, corners of road intersections, bus
stops, post boxes and fire hydrants.
If yellow parking control lines are used along a section of road, they shall not be marked
through bus stops. The lines shall also not be marked 3m each side of a post box or 1m
each side of a fire hydrant, or through designated taxi zones (taxi zones must be sign posted
and may be delineated with parking space markings).
2.11 PAVEMENT MESSAGES (Including Symbols)
Pavement messages on roads shall be limited to the following :
l BUS LANE l BUS LANE AHEAD l BUS ONLY
l BUS ONLY AHEAD l FERRY l GIVE WAY
l KEEP CLEAR l LEFT TURN ONLY l NO LEFT TURN
l NO RIGHT TURN l PED XING l RAIL X (X RAIL)
l RIGHT TURN ONLY l SCHOOL l SIGNALS AHEAD
l STOP
l Bicycle (symbol) l Pavement Arrows l Yellow Box Markings
Pavement messages for other road related areas shall be limited to the following:
l Bicycle (symbol) l Bicycle Prohibited (symbol)
l Access (symbol) l Path Arrows
l Pedestrian (symbol) l Skater Prohibited (symbol)

Design Guide
2.11.1 Keep clear References
The keep clear pavement message shall only be used in accordance with Operational
Instruction 2.23 KEEP CLEAR Pavement Markings
Keep clear pavement markings shall consist of the words “KEEP CLEAR” and :
l Be positioned wholly within a single lane where possible.
l Shall have 2.5m letter height with 2.5m spacing between words. C
l Shall have a letter style as shown in AS1742.2.
ARR 96
l Where two or more lanes are to be marked with KEEP CLEAR, the message may be AS1742.2 Section5
staggered at wide side roads or driveways. OI 2.23
Single lane
2.5m
150mm line, positioned to the limits
of the required keep clear area. e.g.
in line with side road kerbs. 2.5m
2.5m
Multi-lane (preferred)
2.5m
Note:
a single message covering
two lanes may be adequate.
The words may be spaced 2.5m
wider to suit.
2.5m

Design Guide
2.11.2 Speed limits References
Speed limit pavement messages shall not be used in South Australia.
2.11.3 Other messages
Where it is desired to use other pavement messages, the matter shall be referred to DTEI
Manager, Traffic and Access Standards Section.
2.12 KERB EXTENSION MARKINGS
Kerb extensions (formerly known as protuberances) are used to reduce road widths,
especially in pedestrian crossing locations. They also provide traffic calming qualities to a
road by removing parking from the through traffic.
As the name suggests, kerb extensions should preferably consist of raised areas bordered
by semi mountable median type kerbing. However, they may also consist of pavement
markings designated by outline markings with diagonal stripes, and pavement bars and/or
RRPMs.
Kerb extensions may also be used to physically control the movement of vehicles, such as a
traffic divergence on a road section or to create a high angle entry to the main road.
taper length determined in

accordance with Part C 2.4
raised
kerb or edge of seal
Note: Diagonal stripes should be placed at 6m spacing on the divergence

taper section and then at 12m spacing for long parallel sections
up to 200m. For sections longer then 200m where diagonal stripes
are considered necessary they may be spaced at up to 24m in urban
areas and up to 48m in high speed rural areas.
maybe augmented with pavement

bars between diagonal stripes
( see next example )

Design Guide
Painted kerb extensions References
ARR 195
No painted
kerb extension
C
10m
Standard
continuous line
10m
0
Bus
stop
20m
nominally
3m
10m
Painted kerb
extension
3m
may be supplemented
with pavement bars
for positive control
refer to Part B 2.12
6m

Design Guide
2.13 STANDARD INTERSECTIONS (Local Roads) References
Local or minor roads need not to be line marked. However, where they are, it is preferred to
provide a single dividing line to the extent of the limit of the No Stopping restriction from the
intersection (only) on the road with priority.
The controlled road approaches i.e. the road under Give Way or Stop sign control must be
provided with a give way or stop line. The provision of a dividing line from the give way or
stop line is preferred.
The dividing line would not normally extend beyond 10m from the kerb alignment of the ARR 170
intersecting road. This length of line matches the road rule which prohibits stopping within
10m of an intersecting road.
Single lane
10m
minimum
dividing line
kerb 10m
minimum
Multi-lane minor road exits, from major roads, where traffic may enter the side road from
more then one lane, lane lines should be provided. In these cases, the lane line should
commence 300mm from the prolongation of the main road kerb line. At least three line
segments are preferred.
For multi-lane minor roads approaching a major road, lane lines should cease with a full line
segment at 300mm back from the prolongation of the main road kerb line. Where a stop or
give way line exists, the full line segment should cease.
Where lane use discipline is a problem, pavement arrows should be provided.
Multi lane
300mm
prolongation
kerb line

Design Guide
2.14 GIVE WAY AND STOP LINE MARKINGS References
width = 450mm (<80km/h)

width = 600mm (>80km/h)
Note: Examples shown apply for both GIVE WAY and STOP locations.
C
typical no special
turn requirments
kerb
300mm
special turn
x nominally
requirments
10m
kerb
x = placement of give way line may have to be

further in advance of the roundabout to allow
for the wider swept path of some larger vehicles
travelling around the roundabout.
kerb
300mm 300mm
kerb
kerb
kerb
300mm 300mm

Design Guide
2.15 CHANGED PRIORITY References
Changed priority junction
7.
5m
5m

Design Guide
2.16 ROUNDABOUTS References
Give Way lines
All roundabouts shall be provided with give way lines at the point drivers are expected to
‘hold’ to give way before entering the circulating lane(s). To determine the location of the
give way line it is important to consider sight distance to approaching vehicles from the right The Code Section 6
while ensuring that the holding vehicle is not placed within the turning path of vehicles AS1742.2 Section 2
travelling within the circulating lane(s), see Part C 2.14. AS1742.2 Section 5
ARR part 9 C
Special purpose and lane lines
Refer to Part C 2.6.1.
Note: Spiral lane line markings i.e. where additional lanes are created within a
roundabout shall not be used in SA without the authorisation of DTEI, Manager
Traffic and Access Standards.
Pavement arrows
Pavement arrows, while not used on single lane roundabouts, shall be used on any
approach to the roundabout which has more then one lane.
Splitter islands
Splitter islands, raised or flush, shall be provided on each approach. A standard single
continuous barrier line should be marked on the approach to a splitter island.
Painted kerb and outlines
All roundabouts, splitter islands and kerb extension shall be painted and may be outlined.
For semi-mountable central islands and sppitter islands refer to Part B 2.16.2.
2.16.1 Single lane roundabout
kerb
extension

Design Guide
2.16.2 Multi-lane T-intersection roundabout References
2.16.3 Bicycle lane approach to single lane roundabout
locate start of bicycle lane locate end of bicycle lane

outside turning envelop outside turning envelop
design vehicle
turning template

Design Guide
2.17 SIGNALISED INTERSECTIONS References
Signalised intersection treatment index
C
4
5 2 3
1 Pedestrian crosswalk lines (page C-32) 4 Pavement arrows (page C-35)
2 Stop lines (page C-33) 5 Lane lines (page C-39)
3 Turn lines (page C-34) 6 Non-reflective raised (page C-40)

pavement markers

Design Guide
2.17.1 Pedestrian crosswalk lines References
(a) Pedestrian
The signalised crossing should be at least 2m wide and delineated by two parallel lines.
See Part B 2.2.3.
The line nearest the centre of the intersection should be not less then 0.6m (desirably 1m)
clear of the cross street kerb line projection.
Crosswalks shall always be on a straight alignment between staged crossing points.
No other lines shall be placed between the crosswalk lines
kerb line width 150mm,

0.6 - 1m 600mm stripe and generally crosswalks should be 2.4m (2m min)
300mm gap wide and should be parallel with cross walk lines.
However, the width of crosswalk may be increased
where there are high pedestrian volumes.
1.2m m
in
(b) Shared Use
Shared use marked crossings may vary in width between 2.0m - 4.0m depending on the
facility width leading to the marked crossing.
(c) Scramble Pedestrian Crossings
Scramble pedestrian crossing markings are covered in Operational instruction 14.1. OI 14.1

Design Guide
2.17.2 Stop lines References
(a) Stop line
Stop lines indicate to drivers the point behind which vehicles must stop during the red
signal phase, See Part B 2.2.1.
C
450 or 600mm
1.5m
200mm
1m 1.2m
minimum
1.8m
1.1m
(b) Angled or stepped stop lines
The correct stopping position at an angled stop line is often difficult for drivers to
accurately determine when the angle of the line is less then 60 degrees to the direction
of travel. Generally it is preferred to use shallow angle stop lines but this will sometimes
depend upon site suitability.
Greater or equal to 60 degress to the

direction of travel, use angled stop line
1.2m
min
> 60%
Less then 60 degress to the direction

of travel, use stepped stop line
1.2m
min
< 60%

Design Guide
2.17.3 Turn lines References
Turn lines may be used within signalised intersections to indicate the proper course to be
followed by turning vehicles. They shall always be used within an intersection where there AS1742.14
is more than one turning lane for turns in a particular direction. They are not required when
the path to be followed is obvious to drivers under all conditions.
Where opposing right-turn movements operate in the same phase, care must be taken with
positioning turn lines so that sufficient gap is left between opposing turning traffic.
Austroads turning path templates or recognised equivalent should be used for turn lines. It
is suggested that a gap of 1.2 to 2.0m is provided between the turning vehicle envelopes.
At major urban intersections with double right-turn lanes from opposite directions, it is
necessary to select the design vehicles for the turns, e.g. car and semi-trailer from both
directions.
Turn lines should not be carried through pedestrian crosswalks but may continue after to
continue guidance.
Turn lines location shall be determined using design turning envelope as a guide, however
each location will be different depending on, for example, approach road angles, number of
turn lanes and/or phase sequence. Where multi-turn lanes exist adequate separation shall
be provided between each adjacent design turning envelope.
Turn lines can be designed and depicted using turn line design strings.
turn lines not to be

carried through crosswalk
line width 100mm,

600mm stripe and
600mm gap

Design Guide
2.17.4 Pavement arrows References
Intersection pavement arrows may be provided in lanes to indicate the direction in which a
driver is legally obliged to travel through the intersection. They should only be used in lanes
from which the movements differ from the road rules. e.g. The road rules allow drivers to
turn left or travel through an intersection from the left lane. If these movements are to be
permitted within the intersection, the pavement arrow should not be provided. For simplicity,
use of Intersection Pavement Arrows table (page C-38) shows the movements for which
arrows shall be provided.
C
Intersection pavement arrows shall not be used to indicate a turn where the turn is
restricted during certain hours of the day.
When used, a minimum of 3 arrows should be provided in a traffic lane on the approach to
traffic signals. The arrow closest to the intersection shall be provided 6m from the stop line
or from the tangent point of the curve for a left turn lane. Subsequent arrows should
normally be provided at as close to 30m spacing as possible (tail to tail). However, to
ensure three arrows are provided, spacing may be reduced down to a minimum of 15m.
The last arrow shall be provided at a point where the full lane width is developed. For very
short lanes where three arrows cannot be provided (at 15m spacing) the number of arrows
may be reduced.
6m
15 - 30m
15 - 30m
first arrow placed,

at full lane width

Design Guide
2.17.4.1 Multiple turn lanes References
Left and right turn lanes are reserved for turning traffic, treatments are generally similar.
BUS
ONLY
refer to Part C 2.7

TP
6m

Design Guide
2.17.4.1 Multiple turn lanes (cont) References
T-Junction combinations of left/right arrows are required to allow the movements

intended.
1 row only
C
3 rows where length

of lanes permit
3 rows where length

of lanes permit

Description of requirements Two lane Three lane Four lane
C-38
Legal manoeuvres if lane unmarked
Design Guide
Legal manoeuvers if left lane only marked
Legal manoeuvres if right lane only marked
Markings for two exclusive left turn lanes
Markings for two exclusive right turn lanes
Markings for shared left turn and through from

lane adjacent to left turn lane
Markings for shared right turn and through from

lane adjacent to right turn lane
Markings for shared left turn and through from

NOT APPLICABLE
lane adjacent to two exclusive left turn lane
Markings for shared right turn and through from

lane adjacent to two exclusive right turn lane NOT APPLICABLE
Markings to indicate left lane prohibition
Markings to indicate right lane prohibition
Notes: Use of Intersection Pavement Arrows

1 Black symbols indicate arrows to be marked.
2 Grey symbols indicate manoeuvres which are permitted by regulations but which need not be marked.

3 On some intersection approaches, it may be necessary to combine two or more of the marking methods shown.
4 Arrows for all movements shall be marked on multi-lane side road approaches to signal controlled "T" intersections and on all multi-lane approaches to roundabouts.
Design Guide
2.17.5 Lane lines References
On the immediate approaches to traffic signals, the use of lane lines is essential where
the approach width will accommodate two or more traffic streams.
On the approach lane lines should cease with a full line segment at the stop line. This
may require a shorter gap segment, or a longer line segment.
On exits to intersections where pedestrian crosswalks exist, lane lines should start as
close as practicable (but not closer than 300mm) to the crosswalk. C
For zip merges on the exit to intersections, refer to Part C 2.4.2.
For the use of continuity lines as lane lines, refer to Part C 2.7.

Design Guide
2.17.6 Non-reflective raised pavement markers References
Vehicles my require guidance through intersections by the placement of Non-Reflective

Raised Pavement Markers (NRPM) within the intersection for non-turning traffic. AS1742.2 Section 5
Treatment is normally applicable only to wide signalized intersections on multilane roads.
NRPM must be placed such that they do not interfere with the alignment of the cross
movement lanes.
Typical situations are:
Lanes on opposite sides of the intersection offset by half a lane width or more.
Drivers required to steer a curved course through the intersection.
Highly skewed intersections where the travel distance within the intersection is
excessive.
Features such as tram lines or adverse geometry which may make the course
difficult to follow.
Typical situation
Location of guidance markers

Design Guide
2.18 EXPRESSWAYS References
2.18.1 Expressway exit lane arrows AS1742.2 Section 3
Expressway exit lane arrows shall only be used where multiple lanes exit onto a ramp.
mid - block left lane

becomes trap lane
entry ramp continues as

trap lane to next exit

Design Guide
2.19 PATH TREATMENTS References
2.19.1 Destination group layout AS1742.9
1m x 80mm wide dividing

line with 7m spacing
3m
1m 150mm
1.2m 7m
1m 150mm
1.2m
300mm
1.2m
pavement
edge
2.19.2 Connector group layout
1m x 80mm wide dividing

line with 7m spacing
2m
1m 150mm
1.2m 7m
150mm
1m
1.2m
1.2m
pavement
edge

Design Guide
2.19.3 Shared use paths, T intersection layout References
destination group
see Part C 2.19.1
for typical layout
1m x 7m gap x 80mm wide
dividing line C
15m min
connector group
see Part C 2.19.2
for typical layout
12m x 80mm wide

single continuous line
50m
10m
5m
connector path eg.

SMITH STREET
5m
10m
50m
symbol groups should

be spaced at not more
than 200m intervals
connector group
see Part C 2.19.2
for typical layout
15m min
destination group
see Part C 2.19.1
for typical layout

Design Guide
2.19.4 Shared use paths, intersection layout References
destination group
see Part C 2.19.1
for typical layout
15m min
connector group
see Part C 2.19.2
for typical layout
dividing line
15m min
connector group
see Part C 2.19.2
for typical layout
12m x 80mm wide

25m
10m
5m
connector path eg. connector path eg.

SMITH STREET JONES AVENUE
5m
10m
25m
than 200m intervals
connector group
see Part C 2.19.2
for typical layout
15m min
connector group
see Part C 2.19.2
for typical layout
destination group
see Part C 2.19.1
for typical layout

Design Guide
2.19.5 Shared use paths, T intersection offset layout References
destination group
see Part C 2.19.1
for typical layout

dividing line 15m min C
connector group
see Part C 2.19.2
for typical layout

then 200m intervals
50m
10m
5m
connector path eg.

12m x 80mm wide JONES AVENUE
5m
connector group
see Part C 2.19.2
for typical layout
connector group
see Part C 2.19.2
for typical layout
5m
connector path eg.

SMITH STREET
5m
10m
50m
12m x 80mm wide

connector group
see Part C 2.19.2
for typical layout
15m min
destination group
see Part C 2.19.1
for typical layout

Design Guide
2.20 PEDESTRIAN TREATMENTS References
There are a number of distinctive facilities to assist the safe passage of pedestrians walking
adjacent to and across roads. The distinctive features including the legal effect for some of
these facilities is created by the pavement markings.
These facilities are known as:

Pedestrian refuge
Emu crossing
Koala crossing
Wombat crossing
Pedestrian actuated crossing
2.20.1 Pedestrian refuge AS1742.10
l Refuges shall be outlined and the outline shall continue past the pedestrian opening.
l Where pedestrian openings are provided through medians, outlines shall also continue
past the opening but only if that length of median is provided with an outline.
l Where the pedestrian refuge divides opposing traffic movements unidirectional yellow
RRPMs shall be provided at 6.0m spacings. White RRPMs shall be provided at the same
spacing where the refuge separates traffic travelling in the same direction.
Pedestrian refuges are either short lengths of raised medians used on roads for the sole
purpose of providing a staging area for pedestrians crossing the road or are long lengths of
median through which ‘cut outs’ or ‘walkthroughs’ may be provided.
refer to Part C 2.4.1 for

minimum diverge length
and continuous barrier line.

Design Guide
2.20.2 Emu crossing References
two-lane two-way road The Code Section 7

AS1742.10
post and flag 6m 2.4m - 6m

C
post post
kerb
single broken
standard stop line
dividing line
post post kerb
6m
post and flag
two-lane two-way road (with kerb extensions)
6m 2.4m - 6m
post and flag

kerb
post
kerb post
extension kerb extension
single broken
dividing line standard stop line
kerb
extension
post
post
kerb
post and flag
6m

Design Guide
2.20.3 Koala crossing References
AS1742.10
two-lane two-way road
6m 2.4m - 6m
kerb
single broken
standard stop line
dividing line
kerb
6m
twin alternate yellow
flashing signals
two-lane two-way road (with kerb extensions)
6m 2.4m - 6m
kerb
kerb
extension kerb extension
single broken
dividing line standard stop line
kerb
extension
kerb
twin alternate yellow
6m flashing signals

Design Guide
2.20.4 Wombat crossing References
kerb
kerb
extension
3m - 6m
6m min
platform 3m - 6m
kerb
extension
kerb

Design Guide
2.20.5 Pedestrian actuated crossing References
Undivided roads
two-lane two-way
2.4m
6m min *
kerb
20m single continuous

barrier line (optional)
standard stop line
kerb
single post with

pedestrian push button 6m
* 5m preferred
four-lane two-way
2.4m
6m min *
kerb
20m single continuous

barrier line (optional)
standard stop line
kerb
single post with

pedestrian push button
6m

Design Guide
2.21 SCHOOL ZONES References
A zigzag marking is used to increase driver awareness of a school zone. It is placed in ARR 23
advance of a School Zone sign, subject to site conditions. The Code
Zigzag pavement markings shall be used at all School Zones.
Typically the trailing end of the zigzag marking is placed at the school zone sign with the
marking commencing 30m in advance of the sign.
C
‘SCHOOL’ pavement messages may be used where visibility to the school zone (zigzag
markings) is limited. These markings supplement School Zone warning sign(s).
Other markings, such as speed limits, coloured patches or symbols shall not be used.
The zigzag markings must be as shown in Part B 2.9, unless otherwise indicated in the
following examples.
2.21.1 Zigzag marking position
(a) Parking prohibited at all times.
zigzag positioned
centrally in lane
R3-SA58
edgeline or edge of seal
dividing line or
centre of road
(b) Adjacent indented parking lane and full time bicycle lane.
kerb extensions may be present

to provide protected parking lane
R3-SA58
marked parking lane
bicycle lane (full time)
R3-SA58 median or separation line
zigzag positioned
centrally in lane
(c) Adjacent part time bicycle lane.
R3-SA58
a part-time bicycle lane may be installed
lane width
a (see below)
R3-SA58 median or separation line
zigzag positioned
centrally in lane
indicates direction of travel

Design Guide
(d) Part time parking restriction. References
R3-SA58
lane width
a (see below)
R3-SA58
dividing line or
centre of road
Width of lane Value of a
less than or equal to 4.0m 0.2m

between 4.0m to 6.0m 0.6m
greater than 6.0m 1.2m
2.21.2 Basic school zone
R3-SA58 R4-SA59 R4-SA59 R3-SA58
R3-SA58 R4-SA59 R4-SA59 R3-SA58
2.21.3 Curved alignment
1
OL
SCHO
WG-SA106 Notes :
1. ‘SCHOOL’ pavement message may be used

adjacent to a WG-SA106 School Zone sign
where sight distance to the zigzag marking
may be restricted.
2
2. Zigzag shall follow the curve of the road.
R3
-S
A5
8
R3
R4
-S
-S
A
A5
58
9
R4
-S
A5
9
R4
-SA
59
R3
-SA
58
R4
-SA
59
R3
-SA
indicates direction of travel 58

Design Guide
2.21.4 At intersections and Emu crossings References
R3-SA58
30m
3
1.0m min
C
2
R4-SA58
1.0m min
Notes :
1. Zigzag marking should be 30m long but may be reduced to a

minimum of 21m.
2. Zigzag markings must not extend into an intersection. It must

be clear of the prolongation of the kerb or edge of road by at
least 1.0m.
3. Prolongation of kerb or edge of road.
3.0m min
3 1
21m min
R3-SA58
3 2 2
1.0m 1 for Emu crossings

min refer to Part C 2.20.2
30m
1
R3-SA58
2.21.5 Undivided multi-lane road
R3-SA58 R4-SA59 R3-SA58
R3-SA58 R4-SA59 R3-SA58

Design Guide
2.21.6 Divided multi-lane road References
R3-SA58 R4-SA59
R3-SA58
R4-SA59 R3-SA58 <3m
>3m
R4-SA59
R3-SA58
R4-SA59 indicates direction of travel
2.22 BUS FACILITIES
Bus facilities on roads include part time Bus Lanes, full time Bus Lanes and Bus Only areas.
All three are pavement marked differently.
General requirements
l Preferred width 3.5 metres to 4.0 metres.
l Widths less than 3.5 metres may be acceptable on Urban arterial roads with the
agreement of Passenger Transport Services, DTEI.
l At the start of a Bus Lane where road users are required to diverge to avoid entering the
lane, a continuity line transition shall be provided.
l Full time Bus Lanes shall have an continuous lane line.
l Part time Bus Lanes shall have a special purpose broken lane line.
l BUS LANE AHEAD pavement messages placed in advance of the continuity line
transition are preferred for both full and part time Bus Lanes.
l BUS LANE pavement messages must be placed at the start of both full and part time Bus
Lanes after intersection and at intervals not exceeding 200 metres.
l BL pavement messages shall not be used.
l Continuity line transitions lines shall be
- Not less than 35 metres where traffic is not required to merge with another lane of traffic
to avoid entering the Bus lane.
- Full merging transition length where traffic is required to merge with another lane.
l Pavement messages need not be in lateral alignment with Bus lane signs.
l Bus Only Lanes and/or Area shall be treated with red pavement colouring. Red shall not
be used for any other purpose.

Design Guide
2.22.1 Placing of lane messages References
Bus Lane Ahead
2.5m 1.2m - 2.5m 2.5m 1.2m - 2.5m 2.5m
Part Time Bus Lane
2.5m 1.2m - 2.5m 2.5m
special purpose broken line
bus lane
Full Time Bus Lane
2.5m 1.2m - 2.5m 2.5m
continuous lane line
bus lane
Bus Only
2.5m 1.2m - 2.5m 2.5m

Design Guide
2.22.1 Placing of lane messages (cont) References
6.2m - 7.5m
35m
continuity
line
kerb
35m - 100m

Design Guide
2.22.2 Full-time / Part-time bus lane treatment References
special purpose broken line

C
10m 10m
to to
50m 50m
200m max
200m max
100m
6.2m 6.2m
to to
7.5m 7.5m
35m 35m
30m 30m
to to
100m 100m
12.5m 12.5m
Full-time bus lane Part-time bus lane

Design Guide
2.22.3 Bus lanes approaching signalized intersections References
Note:
1. Check turning vehicle envelope for

standard design vehicle.
2. BUS LANE pavement message not to

extend across turning vehicle envelope.
10m
to
50m
10m
to
50m
turning vehicle
envelope
100m max
Shared through and left turn Exlusive left turn lane

lane for other traffic for other traffic

Design Guide
2.22.4 Parking bays in Bus Lanes References
Parking bays should not normally be marked in part-time bus lanes. However, when they
are required, they should be marked with “T” and “L” markings.
C
bus lane AS1742.12
2.22 5 Bus Only
GRD Part 3

Design Guide
2.22.5 Bus Only (cont) References

Design Guide
2.23 DISTINCTIVE COLOURED BICYCLE LANES References
This page has been left intentionally blank.

Design Guide
2.23.1 Left turn deceleration lane (potential conflict) References

Design Guide
2.23.2 Left turn acceleration lane References

Design Guide
2.23.3 High angle left turn lane References
2.23.4 Minor side road junction

Design Guide
2.24 FLOODWAYS AND CAUSEWAYS References
Floodways and causeways are sections of road that are subject to flooding. When water is
over the roadways delineation is reduced because the edgelines and particularly the
standard dividing line (3m line, 9m gap) is very difficult to see through the water. However, it
is important not to unreasonably restrict traffic movement by providing an continuous dividing
line.
To increase delineation qualities of the dividing line while still allowing the line to be crossed,
a special purpose broken dividing line ( i.e. 9m line, 3m gap) shall be used across the C
section of road regularly subject to flooding.
Floodway/causeway examples
edge of seal
enhanced
floodway /
continuous
causeway floodway / causeway edgelines
special purpose broken

dividing line
edge of seal
special purpose
edge broken dividing line
of seal
100m
minimum
broken
edgelines
broken
edgelines
existing road
edgeline if provided
>5.5m
>6.8m
edge of seal
no narrowing of road narrowing of road formation

formation or seal width and/or seal width

Design Guide
3.0 RURAL TREATMENTS References
This section details the pavement marking differences between the general or urban
treatments and those in rural areas. In cases other than those listed below, treatments should
be the same for both built up urban and rural situations.
3.1 DIVIDED RURAL ROADS
Although most of the design details for treatments between intersections in this section relate
to undivided roads, the same principles, with the exception of dividing lines, should be applied
for divided roads.
3.2 MULTI-LANE UNDIVIDED RURAL ROADS
Multi-lane undivided roads shall not be used in high speed rural environments with the
exception of specific treatments such as overtaking lanes, CHR and CHL intersection
treatments.
3.3 DIVIDING LINES ON RURAL ROADS
Dividing lines shall be installed in accordance with AS1742.2 other than at isolated AS1742.2 Section 5
intersections treatments. The use of single continuous barrier lines as dividing lines are not
recommended in high speed rural environments. Although such lines prohibit certain crossing
movements, including u-turns, they do not prohibit entering or leaving the road (see Barrier
Lines on Rural Roads).
Any assessment for the need for dividing lines needs to consider the following:
l All rural ‘arterial’ roads shall be provided with dividing lines and should be augmented with
RRPM’s.
l All rural ‘collector’ roads should be provided with dividing lines.
l Local rural roads may be provided with dividing lines. Installing dividing lines on narrow
roads may have implications for parking.
l Where provided between major rural intersections dividing lines should be broken, and
shall be standard width for 2 lane roads and enhanced for multi lane roads.
l Where provided on minor or local rural roads at intersections, short sections of single
continuous barrier line may be provided.
l Dividing lines on rural arterial roads through minor road intersections are generally broken
(see Part C 3.8 Standard Rural Intersections).
3.4 BARRIER LINES ON RURAL ROADS
A single continuous barrier line should be used through rural townships as an alternative to
double two-way barrier lines. This allows the line to be crossed by traffic entering or leaving
the road.
Barrier lines on high speed rural roads shall only consist of double lines, either ‘Double One
Way Barriers’ or ‘Double Two Way Barriers’ to create ‘No Overtaking Zones’ and shall be
restricted to locations with either horizontal or vertical sight restrictions or both and only be
determined in accordance with AS1742.2.
Double barrier lines, one way or two way, are not generally used in SA to prohibit overtaking
at isolated locations unless there are sight restrictions which meet requirements for such
lines.
The only exceptions to the above requirement include:
l Railway level crossings in accordance with Australian Standards Manual of Uniform Traffic
Control Devices (AS1742).
l Overtaking lanes in accordance with this document and Operational Instruction 2.15 AS1742.7 Section 3
l Ferry approaches in accordance with Australian Standards Manual of Uniform Traffic OI 2.15
Control Devices.

Design Guide
3.5 LANE LINES ON RURAL ROADS References
Lane lines i.e. lines dividing lanes of the same direction traffic, must be provided on roads
where traffic is expected to travel in more than one line of traffic.
Lanes should not be marked on a rural road where it would result in lane widths of less than
3.2 metres. Restricted access routes may require greater lane widths.
Lane lines are normally standard broken. However, unbroken lane lines may be used
between exclusive through and exclusive turn lanes on approaches to intersections.
C
Lane lines on rural roads should be continued through minor road intersections.
All multi lane divided rural roads shall be provided with enhanced edgelines and outlines.
Multi lane divided rural road

enhanced edgeline
sealed shoulder or breakdown lane
dividing strip (unkerbed) (kerbed)

175mm
sealed shoulder or breakdown lane
enhanced outline
enhanced edgeline
3.6 EDGELINES ON RURAL ROADS
Edgelines are provided on most rural arterial roads. They provide a clear definition of the AS1742.2 Section 4
lane and discourage traffic from travelling on shoulders. AS1742.2 Section 5
GRD Part 3
They are particularly effective at night.
Edgelines shall be provided on all rural roads to ensure the desirable alne width does not
exceed 3.5 metres.
Practices regarding lane and sealed shoulder widths including the issues relating to
pavement depth, should be considered before providing an edgeline.
Part C 3.6.1 and 3.6.2 show best practice in regard to installation of dividing lines and
edgelines.
Part C 3.6.3 and 3.6.4 indicates a required treatment.

Design Guide
3.6.1 Narrow rural two-lane two-way road (sealed width >5.5m, <6.8m) References
AS1742.2 Section 4
unsealed shoulder
edge of seal (no edgeline unless

AS1742.2 Cl 4.2.2.1 (b) applies)
> 5.5m
unsealed shoulder

Design Guide
3.6.2 Standard rural two-lane two-way road References

(sealed width >6.8m)
C
standard broken
edgeline
unsealed shoulder
edge of seal
minimum width 200mm
> 6.4m
unsealed shoulder
> 6.8m
(seal width)

Design Guide
3.6.3 Wide sealed shoulder rural two-lane two-way road References

(sealed shoulder width >0.5m )
continuous
edgeline*
> 0.5m
> 6.6m
> 7.6m
(seal width)
*on the following roads, the

continuous edgeline shall be
enhanced
- Southern Expessway
- Dukes Highway
- Sturt Highway
- Pt Augusta - Pt Wakefield Road

Design Guide
3.6.4 Multi-lane divided road (sealed shoulder width >0.5m ) References
C
enhanced
edgeline
> 0.5m > 0.5m > 0.5m > 0.5m

Design Guide
3.7 STANDARD RURAL INTERSECTIONS References
Standard two-lane two-way rural side road intersection
10m standard 48m standard

continuous continuous
unsealed sealed
<50m >50m
Standard two-lane two-way rural cross road intersection
48m standard
continuous
10m standard 10m standard continuous

continuous or to end of seal if less
unsealed unsealed
>50m <50m

Design Guide
3.8 OVERTAKING LANE TREATMENTS References
More details in Operational Instruction 2.15 Overtaking Lanes.
3.8.1 Overtaking lane - diverge
edgeline
D=VW/3
V85 A C
km/h m m
<75 100 30
75-90 150 60
>90 250 100
C
edgeline

Design Guide
3.8.2 Lane change arrow placements References
Tm = Merge length
V = Design speed (km/h)
s = Rate of lateral movement
merge = 0.6m/sec
Tm = Vy
3.6s
G9-73B .
A
2
V85 A
km/h m
<75 100 A
75-90 150
>90 250
W4-9C
W8-15C
.

Design Guide
3.9 TURNOUTS References
Turnouts are short sections of sealed shoulder of a suitable width to provide a stopping area
for slow vehicles to allow faster vehicles to pass.
Pavement markings consist of a continuity line past the turnout in line with the normal GRD Part 6
edgeline.
Slow vehicle turnout

C
standard broken
edgeline
continuity line
edge of bitumen
standard broken
edgeline
edge of bitumen

Design Guide
3.10 REST AREAS References
Rest areas may be lay bys, truck (only) parking bays, information bays, and points of interest
sites.
3.10.1 Roads with edgelines
continuity
line
sealed shoulder only

(typically >3.0m)
OI 20.3
acceleration
lane
broken
edgelines
unsealed
area
edge of existing seal
length of continuity line for both acceleration

and deceleration (if provided) see Part C 2.7
sealed shoulder only

continuity
line

Design Guide
3.10.2 Roads without edgelines References
narrow sealed shoulder

may exist after opening
continuity
line
unsealed
area
edge of existing seal
deceleration lane
continuity
line

Design Guide
3.10.3 Full acceleration / deceleration lane References
edege of seal
acceleration
lane
>3.5m
150m min
deceleration
(30m
lane
taper)

Design Guide
3.10.4 Sealed shoulders only References
edege of seal
acceleration
C
lane
100m min
deceleration
(30m
lane
taper)

Design Guide
3.11 STRUCTURES AND OBSTRUCTIONS References
Includes narrow bridges and grids etc.
l All bridges and other road narrowings shall be edgelined.
l Barrier lines to be provided only in accordance with no overtaking zone sight distance
requirements and only on roads greater than 5.5m width.
l Edgeline to be standard broken or to match existing edgeline where provided.
l Special purpose broken lines to be used for dividing lines on floodways and causeways
only (see Part C 2.24).
narrowing of narrowing of
formation formation
width only width only
30m 30m
broken broken
edgelines edgelines
<5.5m >5.5m
(no edgelines) (no edgelines)
no narrowing of road no narrowing of road

formation or seal width formation or seal width

Design Guide
Grid example References
grid C
narrowing of
sealed width
100m
minimum
broken
edgelines
existing road
edgeline if provided >6.8m
(edgelined)
narrowing of road formation

and/or seal width

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