Summary

1) Three Main Types of Equations.

2) Characteristics of Linear Equations.
3) Standard Form of linear Equations.
4) Types of Lin. Egn. - Based on No. of Variables.

5) Methods to Solve Linear Equations.

6) 3 Possibilities Related to Graphical Method.

7) Systems of Lin. Eqn. - Consistent & Inconsistent
8) Relation Between Constants & Roots of Eqn.
9) Concept of Dependant Equations.

Note : Practice 60 Que. Given in PDF for Perfection

 1) Three Main Types of Equations

(— There are 3 Main Types of equations

1) Linear Equations ( Max. Power = 1 )
E.g., 3x + 4y = 8 (1 Root, Need 2 Eqn. to Solve )
2) Quadratic Equations ( Max. Power = 2 )
E.g., 5x*
+ 7x-6 = 0(2 Roots x=-2o0r3/5 )
3) Polynomial Equations ( Max. Power > 2 )
E.g., 5x* + 7x? - 6x? + 8x - 7 = 0 (4 Roots)
Tscae : As Much Highest Power - As Many ae /
 Types of | Represents | Max. | No. of Graph
Equations | onGraph | Power | Solution P

1)| Linear Line 1 1 —_—

2) | Quadratic Curve 2 2

3) |Polynomial| Multicurve | >2 >2 q k

 2) Characteristics of Linear Equation

/— 1) Linear Equations Has Max. Power = 1 >

Hence It has 1 Root or One Solution

2) Linear Equation When Plotted on a Graph

Represents a Straight Line. E.g., 2x - y = 4
Take Values of “x” on our Own & Find “y”
IfX=-1,y=-6; Ifx=1, y=-2

Plot Points A (- 1,-6) B(1,-2 ) onaGraph

\ Connect Them > We will Get a “Line” J)
 3) Standard Form of pair of Linear Equations

(— a, X + biy = Cy
\
a>X + boy = Cy

a, , by, Cy g a2, D2, C2

are Constant Terms

: Note:
a, and b, together cannot be “O” But,
\_ Either of Them i.e., Either a, or b, can be oy
3) Standard Form of pair of Linear Equations

a; X + biy = Cy

a2x + byy = Cz
Example
Identify a,, b,, Cc, & a5, D2, C, in Below Equations
1) 3x + 4y =8 ; 7x - 3y
= -2
2) 2x - 9y = 0; 15x +3 =0
3) 3x -4y- 11 =0; 2x- 9y=15
4) Types of Lin. Eqn.’s - Based on No. of Variables
1 Variable - x 2 Variable - x,y
|

x+3=9 2x+3y=5
x=9-3 5x-y=4
x=6 (x,y)=(1,1)

3 Variable- x,y,z

x+y+z=11
2x+y-z=9

5x + 2y-3z=15
A

Note : As many variable that many Eq" are required to solve.

 5) Methods to Solve Linear Equations

(— There are 4 Methods to >»)

Solve Linear Equations
1) Substitution Method
2) Cross Multiplication or
Cramer's Method
3) Elimination Method

\ 4) Graphical Method /

Elimination Method is Most Popular and Widely Used

6) 3 Possibilities related to Graphical Method
(~ )
Linear Equation Represents a Line

Hence

Two Linear Equations Represent 2 Lines

Now, If we Draw 2 Lines in a Plane

There are 3 Possibilities
1) Both Lines Intersect at 1 Point.
2) Both Lines are Coinciding or Overlapping
i.e., One line on Another.

3) Both Lines are Parallel to Each Other.

NY /
 7) Systems of Linear Equations

Consistent System
If we Solve a Pair of Linear Eq. and if we get minimum
one Solution it is called Consistent System.

i.e., Intersect & Coinciding or Overlap Case

Inconsistent System
If we Solve a Pair of Linear Eq. and if we Do Not Get
Any Solution it is called Inconsistent System.

i.e., Parallel Case

8) Relation Betn. Constants & Roots of Lin. Eqn.

Intersect - Unique Solution - Consistent

ay b,
Condition > — # —

: Example:
Equation -1:2x+3y=5
Equation - 2:5x-y=4
Point “P” is Called Soln.
or Point of Intersection
8) Relation Betn. Constants & Roots of Lin. Eqn.

Coincide - Infinite Solution - Consistent

Condition > —— = —— = —_—

: Example:
Equation -1:2x+3y=5
Equation - 2 : 4x + 6y = 10
P, Q, R, 8, T Many Common

Points & All are Solutions

8) Relation Betn. Constants & Roots of Lin. Eqn.

Parallel - No Solution - Inconsistent

ay b Cy
Condition > —— = —1 ¥ __~
ay b, C2

: Example:
Equation -1:2x+3y=5
Equation - 2 : 4x + 6y =9
There is No Common Point

Hence No Solution Exists

 Summary of Important Conditions

Intersect - Unique Solution - Consistent

ay b,
Condition > — # —
ay b,
Coincide - Infinite Solution - Consistent

Condition > —— = —+ = __

a, b, 7)
 9) Concept of Dependant Equations

ForaGiven Eqn. a,X+b,;y=cC, The New Eqn.

Which we Get by Multiplying “k’” is Called

Dependant Equation E.g., kKa,x+kKb,y=Kc,

Nn A

( ~
Example
2x+3y=5.... (1) ; 4x+6y=10...... (2)
Where “k = 2” is Multiplied with Eqn. 1 to Get Eqn. 2
Hence, Both are Called Dependant Equations.
Important Note
Dependant Eq.’s Always have Infinite Solutions
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