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GATE SOLVED PAPER

Electronics & Communication
2006

Copyright © By NODIA & COMPANY

Information contained in this book has been obtained by authors, from sources believes to be reliable. However,
neither Nodia nor its authors guarantee the accuracy or completeness of any information herein, and Nodia nor its
authors shall be responsible for any error, omissions, or damages arising out of use of this information. This book
is published with the understanding that Nodia and its authors are supplying information but are not attempting
to render engineering or other professional services.

NODIA AND COMPANY

B-8, Dhanshree Tower Ist, Central Spine, Vidyadhar Nagar, Jaipur 302039
Ph : +91 - 141 - 2101150
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email : enquiry@nodia.co.in
 GATE SOLVED PAPER - EC
2006

Question 1 to Q. 20 Carry one mark each

R V
S1 1 1 W
Q. 1 The rank of the matrix S1 - 1 0 W is
SS1 1 1 WW
(A) 0 T X (B) 1
(C) 2 (D) 3
Sol. 1 Hence (C) is correct answer.
We have

n
R V R V

i
S1 1 1 W S1 1 1 W
A = S1 - 1 0 W + S1 - 1 0 W
SS1 1 1 WW SS0 0 0 WW
o. R3 - R1

. c
T r (A) X< 3T
Since one full row is zero, X

a
1 1

i
Now =- 2 ! 0 , thus r (A) = 2
1 -1
Q. 2

o d
4#4# P , where P is a vector, is equal to

.n
(A) P # 4# P - 4 2 P (B) 4 2 P + 4 (4 # P)
(C) 4 2 P + 4# P (D) 4 (4$ P) - 4 2 P
Sol. 2
w
The vector Triple Product is

w
A # (B # C) = B (A $ C) - C (A $ B)

w
Thus 4#4# P = 4 (4$ P) - P (4$4) = 4 (4$ P) - 4 2 P

©
Hence (D) is correct option.
Q. 3 ## (4 # P) $ ds , where P is a vector, is equal to
(A) # P $ dl (B) # 4#4# P $ dl
(C) # 4# P $ dl (D) ### 4$ Pdv
Sol. 3 The Stokes theorem is
## (4 # F) $ ds = # A $ dl
Hence (A) is correct option
Q. 4 A probability density function is of the form
p (x) = Ke- a x , x ! (- 3, 3)
The value of K is
(A) 0.5 (B) 1
(C) 0.5a (D) a
Sol. 4 Hence (C) is correct option.
# p (x) dx
3
We know =1
-3
GATE SOLVED PAPER - EC 2006

#
3
Thus Ke- a x dx = 1
-3
0
# # Ke
3
or Keax dx + - ax
dx = 1
-3 0

a 6 @- 3 (- a) 6 @0
or K eax 0 + k e- ax 3 = 1

or K +K =1
a a
or K =a
2

Q. 5 A solution for the differential equation xo (t) + 2x (t) = d (t) with initial condition
x (0-) = 0 is
(A) e - 2t u (t) (B) e2t u (t)

in
(C) e - t u (t) (D) et u (t)

.
co
Sol. 5 Hence (A) is correct option.
We have xo (t) + 2x (t) = s (t)
Taking Laplace transform both sides

a .
i
sX (s) - x (0) + 2X (s) = 1

od
or sX (s) + 2X (s) = 1 Since x (0 -) = 0
1

.n
X (s) =
s+2
Now taking inverse laplace transform we have

w x (t) = e - 2t u (t)
Q. 6
w
A low-pass filter having a frequency response H (jw) = A (w) e jf (w) does not

w
produce any phase distortions if
(A) A (w) = Cw3, f (w) = kw3 (B) A (w) = Cw2, f (w) = kw

Sol. 6
©
(C) A (w) = Cw, f (w) = kw2 (D) A (w) = C, f (w) = kw- 1
A LPF will not produce phase distortion if phase varies linearly with frequency.
f (w) \ w
i.e. f (w) = kw
Hence (B) is correct option.
Q. 7 The values of voltage (VD) across a tunnel-diode corresponding to peak and
valley currents are Vp, VD respectively. The range of tunnel-diode voltage for VD
which the slope of its I - VD characteristics is negative would be
(A) VD < 0 (B) 0 # VD < Vp
(C) Vp # VD < Vv (D) VD $ Vv
Sol. 7 For the case of negative slope it is the negative resistance region

Hence option (C) is correct.

GATE SOLVED PAPER - EC 2006

Q. 8 The concentration of minority carriers in an extrinsic semiconductor under

equilibrium is
(A) Directly proportional to doping concentration
(B) Inversely proportional to the doping concentration
(C) Directly proportional to the intrinsic concentration
(D) Inversely proportional to the intrinsic concentration
Sol. 8 For n -type p is minority carrier concentration
np = ni2
np = Constant Since ni is constant
p \ 1
n
Thus p is inversely proportional to n .
Hence option (A) is correct.
Q. 9 Under low level injection assumption, the injected minority carrier current for

in
an extrinsic semiconductor is essentially the

.
(A) Diffusion current (B) Drift current

co
(C) Recombination current (D) Induced current

.
Sol. 9 Diffusion current, since the drift current is negligible for minority carrier.

a
Hence option (A) is correct.
Q. 10

d i
The phenomenon known as “Early Effect” in a bipolar transistor refers to a

o
reduction of the effective base-width caused by

.n
(A) Electron - hole recombination at the base
(B) The reverse biasing of the base - collector junction

w
(C) The forward biasing of emitter-base junction

w
(D) The early removal of stored base charge during saturation-to-cut off
switching
Sol. 10
w
In BJT as the B-C reverse bias voltage increases, the B-C space charge region

©
width increases which xB (i.e. neutral base width) > A change in neutral base
width will change the collector current. A reduction in base width will causes
the gradient in minority carrier concentration to increases, which in turn causes
an increases in the diffusion current. This effect si known as base modulation as
early effect.
Hence option (B) is correct.
Q. 11 The input impedance (Zi) and the output impedance (Z0) of an ideal trans-
conductance (voltage controlled current source) amplifier are
(A) Zi = 0, Z0 = 0 (B) Zi = 0, Z0 = 3
(C) Zi = 3, Z0 = 0 (D) Zi = 3, Z0 = 3
Sol. 11 In the transconductance amplifier it is desirable to have large input impedance
and large output impedance.
Hence (D) is correct option.
Q. 12 An n-channel depletion MOSFET has following two points on its ID - VGs curve:
(i) VGS = 0 at ID = 12 mA and
(ii) VGS =- 6 Volts at ID = 0 mA
GATE SOLVED PAPER - EC 2006

Which of the following Q point will given the highest trans conductance gain for
small signals?
(A) VGS =- 6 Volts (B) VGS =- 3 Volts
(C) VGS = 0 Volts (D) VGS = 3 Volts
Sol. 12 Hence (C) is correct option.
Q. 13 The number of product terms in the minimized sum-of-product expression
obtained through the following K - map is (where, "d" denotes don’t care
states)

. in
co
(A) 2 (B) 3
(C) 4 (D) 5
Sol. 13

a .
As shown below there are 2 terms in the minimized sum of product expression.

i
od
1 0 0 1
0 d 0 0

.n
0 0 d 1

w
1 0 0 1

w
Hence (A) is correct answer.

w
Q. 14 Let x (t) * X (jw) be Fourier Transform pair. The Fourier Transform of the
signal x (5t - 3) in terms of X (jw) is given as

© jw jw
j3w j3w
(A) 1 e- 5 X b l (B) 1 e 5 X b l
5 5 5 5
jw jw
(C) 1 e-j3w X b l (D) 1 e j3w X b l
5 5 5 5
Sol. 14 Hence (A) is correct answer.
F
x (t) X (jw)
Using scaling we have
1 X jw
5 c 5 m
F
x (5t)
Using shifting property we get
x ;5 bt - 3 lE 1 X jw e- j35w
5 b5l
F
5
Q. 15 The Dirac delta function d (t) is defined as
1 t=0
(A) d (t) = )
0 otherwise
3 t=0
(B) d (t) = )
0 otherwise
1 t=0
# d (t) dt = 1
3
(C) d (t) = ) and
0 otherwise -3
GATE SOLVED PAPER - EC 2006

3 t=0
# d (t) dt = 1
3
(D) d (t) = ) and
0 otherwise -3

Sol. 15 Dirac delta function d (t) is defined at t = 0 and it has infinite value a t = 0 . The
area of dirac delta function is unity.
Hence (D) is correct option.

Q. 16 If the region of convergence of x1 [n] + x2 [n] is 1 < z < 2 then the region of
3 3
convergence of x1 [n] - x2 [n] includes
(A) 1 < z < 3 (B) 2 < z <3
3 3
(C) 3 < z < 3 (D) 1< z <2
2 3 3
Sol. 16 The ROC of addition or subtraction of two functions x1 (n) and x2 (n) is R1 + R2 .
We have been given ROC of addition of two function and has been asked ROC of
subtraction of two function. It will be same.
Hence (D) is correct option.
Q. 17

. in
The open-loop function of a unity-gain feedback control system is given by

co
G (s) = K
(s + 1)( s + 2)

.
The gain margin of the system in dB is given by

a
i
(A) 0 (B) 1

d
(C) 20 (D) 3
Sol. 17
o
Given system is 2nd order and for 2nd order system G.M. is infinite.

.n
Hence (D) is correct option.

w
Q. 18 In the system shown below, x (t) = (sin t) u (t) In steady-state, the response y (t)

w
will be

w
(A) © 1 sin t - p
2
` 4j
(B) 1 sin t + p
2
` 4j

(C) 1 e-t sin t (D) sin t - cos t

2
Sol. 18 Hence (A) is correct option
As we have x (t) = sin t , thus w = 1

Now H (s) = 1
s+1

or H (jw) = 1 = 1
jw + 1 j+1

or H (jw) = 1 + - 45c
2
Thus y (t) = 1 sin (t - p4 )
2
GATE SOLVED PAPER - EC 2006

Q. 19 The electric field of an electromagnetic wave propagation in the positive

direction is given by E = atx sin (wt - bz) + aty sin (wt - bz + p/2). The wave is
(A) Linearly polarized in the z -direction
(B) Elliptically polarized
(C) Left-hand circularly polarized
(D) Right-hand circularly polarized
Sol. 19 Hence (C) is correct option.
We have E = atxx sin (wt - bz) + aty sin (wt - bz + p/2)
Here Ex = Ey and fx = 0, fy = p2
Phase difference is p2 , thus wave is left hand circularly polarized.
Q. 20 A transmission line is feeding 1 watt of power to a horn antenna having a gain
of 10 dB. The antenna is matched to the transmission line. The total power

in
radiated by the horn antenna into the free space is
(A) 10 Watts
.
(B) 1 Watts

co
(C) 0.1 Watts (D) 0.01 Watt
Sol. 20 Hence (A) is correct option.

a .
i
We have 10 log G = 10 dB

d
or G = 10

o
Now gain G = Prad

n
Pin

.
or P
10 = rad
1W
or
w
Prad = 10 Watts

w
w
Q.21 to Q.75 Carry two mark each.

©
Q. 21 The eigenvalue and the corresponding eigenvector of 2 # 2 matrix are given by
Eigenvalue Eigenvector
1
l1 = 8 v1 = = G
1
1
l2 = 4 v2 = = G
-1
The matrix is
6 2 4 6
(A) = G (B) =
2 6 6 4G
2 4 4 8
(C) =
4 2G
(D) =
8 4G
Sol. 21 Sum of the Eigen values must be equal to the sum of element of principal diagonal
of matrix.
6 2
Only matrix = G satisfy this condition.
2 6
Hence (A) is correct answer
Q. 22 For the function of a complex variable W = ln Z (where, W = u + jv and
Z = x + jy , the u = constant lines get mapped in Z -plane as
(A) set of radial straight lines (B) set of concentric circles
(C) set of confocal hyperbolas (D) set of confocal ellipses
GATE SOLVED PAPER - EC 2006

Sol. 22 Hence (B) is correct answer.

We have W = ln z
u + jv = ln (x + jy)
or eu + jv = x + jy
or eu e jv = x + jy
eu (cos v + j sin v) = x + jy
Now x = eu cos v and y = eu sin v
Thus x 2 + y 2 = e 2u Equation of circle
1 dz is positive sense is
Q. 23 The value of the constant integral # z2 + 4
z-j =2
jp
(A) (B) - p
2 2
jp
(C) - (D) p
2 2
Sol. 23 We have

in
1 dz = 1
# # dz

.
z +4 2 (z + 2i) (z - 2i)
z-j =2 z-j = 2

co
P (0, 2) lies inside the circle z - j = 2 and P (0, - 2) does not lie.

.
Thus By cauchy’s integral formula

a
I = 2pi lim (z - 2i) 1 = # 2pi = p

i
z " 2i (z + 2i)( z - 2i) 2i + 2i 2

d
C
Hence (D) is correct answer.

o
p
The integral # sin qdq is given by

.n
3
Q. 24
0
(A) 1 (B) 2

w
2 3
(C) 4 (D) 8

w#
3 3

w
Sol. 24 Hence (C) is correct option.
p
I = sin3 qdq

©
0
3 sin q - sin 3q dq
p
= #0 ` 4 j sin 3q = 3 sin q - 4 sin3 q

= :- 3 cos qD = : ws3q D = 8 3 + 3 B - 8 1 + 1 B = 4
p p

4 0
12 0 4 4 12 12 3
Q. 25 Three companies X, Y and Z supply computers to a university. The percentage
of computers supplied by them and the probability of those being defective are
tabulated below

Company % of Computer Probability of being

Supplied supplied defective
X 60% 0.01
Y 30% 0.02
Z 10% 0.03
Given that a computer is defective, the probability that was supplied by Y is
(A) 0.1 (B) 0.2
(C) 0.3 (D) 0.4
GATE SOLVED PAPER - EC 2006

Sol. 25 Let d " defective and y " supply by Y

y P (y + d)
pa k =
d P (d)
P (y + d) = 0.3 # 0.02 = 0.006
P (d) = 0.6 # 0.1 + 0.3 # 0.02 + 0.1 # 0.03 = 0.015
y
P a k = 0.006 = 0.4
d 0.015
Hence (D) is correct answer.
4 2 101
For the matrix =
2 4G
Q. 26 the eigenvalue corresponding to the eigenvector = G is
101
(A) 2 (B) 4
(C) 6 (D) 8

in
Sol. 26 Hence (C) is correct option

.
4 2
A ==
2 4G

co
We have

.
Now 6A - lI @[X] = 0

or
4 - l 2 101

i
0
a
= 2 4 - l G=101G = =0 G

or
o d
(101)( 4 - l) + 2 (101) = 0

. n
or l =6

Q. 27
w
For the differential equation
d2 y
+ k2 y = 0 the boundary conditions are

w
2
dx
(i) y = 0 for x = 0 and (ii) y = 0 for x = a

w
The form of non-zero solutions of y (where m varies over all integers) are
(A) y = / Am sin mpx (B) y = / Am cos mpx

© m
a m
a
mp mpx
(C) y = / Am x a (D) y = / Am e - a
m m
Sol. 27 Hence (A) is correct answer.
d2 y
We have + k2 y = 0
dx2
or D2 y + k2 y = 0
The AE is m2 + k2 = 0
The solution of AE is m = ! ik
Thus y = A sin kx + B cos kx
From x = 0 , y = 0 we get B = 0 and x = a, y = 0 we get
A sin ka = 0
or sin ka = 0
k = mpx
a
Thus y = / Am sin ` mpx j
m
a
GATE SOLVED PAPER - EC 2006

Q. 28 Consider the function f (t) having Laplace transform

F (s) = 2 w0 2 Re [s] > 0
s + w0
The final value of f (t) would be
(A) 0 (B) 1
(C) - 1 # f (3) # 1 (D) 3
Sol. 28 Hence (C) is correct answer.
F (s) = 2 w0 2
s +w
-1
L F (s) = sin wo t
f (t) = sin wo t
Thus the final value is - 1 # f (3) # 1

Q. 29 As x increased from - 3 to 3, the function f (x) = ex

1 + ex
(A) monotonically increases

in
(B) monotonically decreases

.
(C) increases to a maximum value and then decreases

co
(D) decreases to a minimum value and then increases
Sol. 29 Hence (A) is correct answer.

a .
i
We have f (x) = ex

d
1 + ex

o
For x " 3, the value of f (x) monotonically increases.

.n
Q. 30 A two-port network is represented by ABCD parameters given by
V1 A B V2

w
=I G = =C D G=- I G
1 2

w
If port-2 is terminated by RL , the input impedance seen at port-1 is given by

w
(A) A + BRL (B) ARL + C
C + DRL BRL + D

©
(C) DR L + A (D) B + ARL
BRL + C D + CRL
Sol. 30 The network is shown in figure below.

Now V1 = AV2 - BI2 ...(1)

and I1 = CV2 - DI2 ...(2)
also V2 =- I2 RL ...(3)
From (1) and (2) we get
Thus V1 = AV2 - BI2
I1 CV2 - DI2
Substituting value of V2 from (3) we get
Input Impedance Zin = - A # I2 RL - BI2
- C # I2 RL - DI2
GATE SOLVED PAPER - EC 2006

or Zin = ARL + B
CRL + D
Hence (D) is correct option.
Q. 31 In the two port network shown in the figure below, Z12 and Z21 and respectively

(A) re and br0 (B) 0 and - br0

(C) 0 and bro (D) re and - br0

in
Sol. 31 The circuit is as shown below.

.
. co
i a
At input port V1 = re I1

o d
n
At output port V2 = r0 (I2 - bI1) =- r0 bI1 + r0 I2

.
Comparing standard equation

w
V1 = z11 I1 + z12 I2

w
V2 = z21 I1 + z22 I2

w
z12 = 0 and z21 =- r0 b
Hence (B) is correct option.
Q. 32
©
The first and the last critical frequencies (singularities) of a driving point
impedance function of a passive network having two kinds of elements, are a
pole and a zero respectively. The above property will be satisfied by
(A) RL network only (B) RC network only
(C) LC network only (D) RC as well as RL networks
Sol. 32 For series RC network input impedance is
Zins = 1 + R = 1 + sRC
sC sC
Thus pole is at origin and zero is at - 1
RC
For parallel RC network input impedance is
1 R
Zin = sC = sC
1 +R 1 + sRC
sC
Thus pole is at - 1 and zero is at infinity.
RC
Hence (B) is correct option.
GATE SOLVED PAPER - EC 2006

Q. 33 A 2 mH inductor with some initial current can be represented as shown below,

where s is the Laplace Transform variable. The value of initial current is

(A) 0.5 A (B) 2.0 A

(C) 1.0 A (D) 0.0 A
Sol. 33 Hence (A) is correct option.
We know v = Ldi
dt
Taking laplace transform we get

in
V (s) = sLI (s) - Li (0+)

.
As per given in question

co
- Li (0+) =- 1 mV

.
Thus i (0+) = 1 mV = 0.5 A
2 mH
Q. 34

i a
In the figure shown below, assume that all the capacitors are initially

d
uncharged. If vi (t) = 10u (t) Volts, vo (t) is given by

o
.n
w
w
w
©
(A) 8e -t/0.004 Volts (B) 8 (1 - e -t/0.004) Volts
(C) 8u (t) Volts (D) 8 Volts
Sol. 34 At initial all voltage are zero. So output is also zero.
Thus v0 (0+) = 0
At steady state capacitor act as open circuit.

Thus, v0 (3) = 4 # vi = 4 # 10 = 8
5 5
The equivalent resistance and capacitance can be calculate after killing all
source
GATE SOLVED PAPER - EC 2006

Req = 1 4 = 0.8 kW
Ceq = 4 1 = 5 mF
t = Req Ceq = 0.8kW # 5mF = 4 ms
v0 (t) = v 0 (3) - [v 0 (3) - v 0 (0+)] e-t/t
= 8 - (8 - 0) e-t/0.004
v0 (t) = 8 (1 - e-t/0.004) Volts

in
Hence (B) is correct option.

.
co
Q. 35 Consider two transfer functions G1 (s) = 2 1 and
s s + as + b

.
G2 (s) = 2 The 3-dB bandwidths of their frequency responses are,
s + as + b

a
respectively

i
od
(A) a2 - 4b , a2 + 4b (B) a2 + 4b , a2 - 4b
(C) a2 - 4b , a2 - 4b (D) a2 + 4b , a2 + 4b

.n
Sol. 35 Hence (D) is correct option.

w
Q. 36 A negative resistance Rneg is connected to a passive network N having driving

w
point impedance as shown below. For Z2 (s) to be positive real,

w
©
(A) Rneg # Re Z1 (jw), 6w (B) Rneg # Z1 (jw) , 6w
(C) Rneg # Im Z1 (jw), 6w (D) Rneg # +Z1 (jw), 6w
Sol. 36 Hence (A) is correct option.
Here Z2 (s) = Rneg + Z1 (s)
or Z2 (s) = Rneg + Re Z1 (s) + j Im Z1 (s)
For Z2 (s) to be positive real, Re Z2 (s) $ 0
Thus Rneg + Re Z1 (s) $ 0
or Re Z1 (s) $- Rneg
But Rneg is negative quantity and - Rneg is positive quantity. Therefore
Re Z1 (s) $ Rneg
or Rneg # Re Z1 (jw) For all w.
Q. 37 In the circuit shown below, the switch was connected to position 1 at t < 0 and
at t = 0 , it is changed to position 2. Assume that the diode has zero voltage
drop and a storage time ts . For 0 < t # ts, vR is given by (all in Volts)
GATE SOLVED PAPER - EC 2006

(A) vR =- 5 (B) vR =+ 5
(C) 0 # vR < 5 (D) - 5 # vR < 0
Sol. 37 For t < 0 diode forward biased and VR = 5 . At t = 0 diode abruptly changes to
reverse biased and current across resistor must be 0. But in storage time 0 < t < ts
diode retain its resistance of forward biased. Thus for 0 < t < ts it will be ON and
VR =- 5 V
Hence option (A) is correct.
Q. 38 The majority carriers in an n-type semiconductor have an average drift velocity
v in a direction perpendicular to a uniform magnetic field B . The electric field

in
E induced due to Hall effect acts in the direction

.
(A) v # B (B) B # v

co
(C) along v (D) opposite to v

.
Sol. 38 According to Hall effect the direction of electric field is same as that of direction

a
of force exerted.
E =- v # B

d i
o
or E = B#v

.n
Hence option (B) is correct.
Q. 39 Find the correct match between Group 1 and Group 2
Group 1
w Group 2

w
E - Varactor diode 1. Voltage reference

w
F - PIN diode 2. High frequency switch
G - Zener diode 3. Tuned circuits

©
H - Schottky diode 4. Current controlled attenuator
(A) E - 4, F - 2, G - 1, H - 3
(B) E - 3, F - 4, G - 1, H - 3
(C) E - 2, F - 4, G - 1, H - 2
(D) E - 1, F - 3, G - 2, H - 4
Sol. 39 The varacter diode is used in tuned circuit as it can provide frequently stability.
PIN diode is used as a current controlled attenuator.
Zener diode is used in regulated voltage supply or fixed voltage reference.
Schottkey diode has metal-semiconductor function so it has fast switching action
so it is used as high frequency switch
Varactor diode : Tuned circuits
PIN Diode : Current controlled attenuator
Zener diode : Voltage reference
Schottky diode : High frequency switch
Hence option (B) is correct.
GATE SOLVED PAPER - EC 2006

Q. 40 A heavily doped n - type semiconductor has the following data:

Hole-electron ratio : 0.4
Doping concentration : 4.2 # 108 atoms/m3
Intrinsic concentration : 1.5 # 10 4 atoms/m 3
The ratio of conductance of the n -type semiconductor to that of the intrinsic
semiconductor of same material and ate same temperature is given by
(A) 0.00005 (B) 2000
(C) 10000 (D) 20000
Sol. 40 Hence option (D) is correct
mP
We have = 0.4
mn
Conductance of n type semiconductor

in
sn = nqmn

.
Conductance of intrinsic semiconductor

co
si = ni q (mn + mp)

a.
sn = nmn n
Ratio is =
si ni (mn + mp) ni ^1 + mn h
mp

=
d i
4.2 # 108 = 2 # 10 4

o
1.5 # 10 4 (1 + 0.4)

Q. 41

. n
For the circuit shown in the following figure, the capacitor C is initially

w
uncharged. At t = 0 the switch S is closed. The Vc across the capacitor at t = 1
millisecond is

w
In the figure shown above, the OP-AMP is supplied with !15V .

w
©
(A) 0 Volt (B) 6.3 Volt
(C) 9.45 Volts (D) 10 Volts
Sol. 41 The voltage at inverting terminal is
V- = V+ = 10 V
Here note that current through the capacitor is constant and that is
I = V- = 10 = 10 mA
1k 1k
Thus the voltage across capacitor at t = 1 msec is
1m 1m Im
VC = 1 #0 Idt = 11m #0 10mdt = 10 4 #0 dt = 10 V
C
Hence (D) is correct option.
GATE SOLVED PAPER - EC 2006

Q. 42 For the circuit shown below, assume that the zener diode is ideal with a
breakdown voltage of 6 volts. The waveform observed across R is

. in
. co
Sol. 42

i a
In forward bias Zener diode works as normal diode.

giving VR = Vin .
o d
Thus for negative cycle of input Zener diode is forward biased and it conducts

.n
For positive cycle of input Zener diode is reversed biased
when 0 < Vin < 6 , Diode is OFF and VR = 0

w
when Vin > 6 Diode conducts and voltage across diode is 6 V. Thus voltage across

w
is resistor is

w
VR = Vin - 6
Only option (B) satisfy this condition.

Q. 43
©
Hence (A) is correct option.
A new Binary Coded Pentary (BCP) number system is proposed in which every
digit of a base-5 number is represented by its corresponding 3-bit binary code.
For example, the base-5 number 24 will be represented by its BCP code 010100.
In this numbering system, the BCP code 10001001101 corresponds of the
following number is base-5 system
(A) 423 (B) 1324
(C) 2201 (D) 4231
Sol. 43 Hence (D) is correct answer.
SSSS
100010011001
4 2 3 1

Q. 44 An I/O peripheral device shown in Fig. (b) below is to be interfaced to an 8085

microprocessor. To select the I/O device in the I/O address range D4 H - D7 H,
its chip-select (CS ) should be connected to the output of the decoder shown in
as below :
GATE SOLVED PAPER - EC 2006

(A) output 7 (B) output 5

(C) output 2 (D) output 0
Sol. 44 The output is taken from the 5th line.
Hence (B) is correct answer.

in
Q. 45 For the circuit shown in figures below, two 4 - bit parallel - in serial - out shift

.
registers loaded with the data shown are used to feed the data to a full adder.

co
Initially, all the flip - flops are in clear state. After applying two clock pulse,
the output of the full-adder should be

a .
d i
n o
.
w
w
w
(A) S = 0, C0 = 0 (B) S = 0, C0 = 1
(C) S = 1, C0 = 0 (D) S = 1, C0 = 1
Sol. 45
©
After applying two clock poles, the outputs of the full adder is S = 1, C0 = 1
A B Ci S Co
1st 1 0 0 0 1
2nd 1 1 1 1 1
Hence (D) is correct answer.
Q. 46 A 4 - bit D/A converter is connected to a free - running 3 - big UP counter,
as shown in the following figure. Which of the following waveforms will be
observed at V0 ?

In the figure shown above, the ground has been shown by the symbol 4
GATE SOLVED PAPER - EC 2006

Sol. 46 In this the diode D2 is connected to the ground. The following table shows the
state of counter and D/A converter

Q2 Q1 Q0 D3 = Q2 D2 = 0 D1 = Q1 D0 = Q0 Vo
000 0 0 0 0 0
001 0 0 0 1 1
010 0 0 1 0 2
011 0 0 1 1 3

in
100 1 0 0 0 8
101 1 0 0
. 1 9

co
110 1 0 1 0 10
111 1 0

a .
1 1 11

di
000 0 0 0 0 0
001 0 0 0 1 1

n
Thus option (B) is correct
o
Q. 47
.
Two D - flip - flops, as shown below, are to be connected as a synchronous

w
counter that goes through the following sequence

w
00 " 01 " 11 " 10 " 00 " ...
The inputs D0 and D1 respectively should be connected as,

w
©
(A) Q 1 and Q0 (B) Q 0 and Q1
(C) Q1 Q0 and Q 1 Q0 (D) Q 1 Q 0 and Q1 Q0
Sol. 47 The inputs D0 and D1 respectively should be connected as Q1 and Q0
where Q0 " D1 and Q1 " D0
Hence (A) is correct answer.

Q. 48 Following is the segment of a 8085 assembly language program

LXI SP, EFFF H
CALL 3000 H
:
:
:
3000 H LXI H, 3CF4
GATE SOLVED PAPER - EC 2006

PUSH PSW
SPHL
POP PSW
RET
On completion of RET execution, the contents of SP is
(A) 3CF0 H (B) 3CF8 H
(C) EFFD H (D) EFFF H
Sol. 48 LXI, EFFF H ; Load SP with data EFFH
CALL 3000 H ; Jump to location 3000 H
:
:
:
3000H LXI H, 3CF4 ; Load HL with data 3CF4H

in
PUSH PSW ; Store contnets of PSW to Stack
POP PSW
.
; Restore contents of PSW from stack

co
PRE ; stop

.
Before instruction SPHL the contents of SP is 3CF4H.

a
After execution of POP PSW, SP + 2 " SP
After execution of RET, SP + 2 " SP

d i
Thus the contents of SP will be 3CF4H + 4 = 3CF8H
Hence (B) is correct answer.

n o
.
Q. 49 The point P in the following figure is stuck at 1. The output f will be

w
w
w
©
(A) ABC
(C) ABC
(B) A
(D) A
Sol. 49 If the point P is stuck at 1, then output f is equal to A

Hence (D) is correct answer.

Q. 50 A signal m (t) with bandwidth 500 Hz is first multiplied by a signal g (t) where
3
g (t) = / (- 1) k d (t - 0.5 # 10- 4 k)
R =- 3

The resulting signal is then passed through an ideal lowpass filter with
bandwidth 1 kHz. The output of the lowpass filter would be
(A) d (t) (B) m (t)
(C) 0 (D) m (t) d (t)
GATE SOLVED PAPER - EC 2006

Sol. 50 Let m (t) is a low pass signal, whose frequency spectra is shown below

Fourier transform of g (t)

3
1
G (t) = / d (f - 20 # 103 k)
0.5 # 10-4 k =- 3
Spectrum of G (f ) is shown below

. in
. co
a
Now when m (t) is sampled with above signal the spectrum of sampled signal will

i
look like.

o d
.n
w
w
w
When sampled signal is passed through a LP filter of BW 1 kHz, only m (t) will

©
remain.
Hence (B) is correct option.
Q. 51 The minimum sampling frequency (in samples/sec) required to reconstruct the
following signal from its samples without distortion
x (t) = 5` sin 2p100t j + 7` sin 2p100t j would be
3 2

pt pt
(A) 2 # 103 (B) 4 # 103
(C) 6 # 103 (D) 8 # 103
Sol. 51 The highest frequency signal in x (t) is 1000 # 3 = 3 kHz if expression is expanded.
Thus minimum frequency requirement is
f = 2 # 3 # 103 = 6 # 103 Hz
Hence (C) is correct option.
Q. 52 A uniformly distributed random variable X with probability density function
fx (x) = 1 pu (x + 5) - u (x - 5)]
10
GATE SOLVED PAPER - EC 2006

where u (.) is the unit step function is passed through a transformation given in
the figure below. The probability density function of the transformed random
variable Y would be

(A) fy (y) = 1 [u (y + 2.5) - u (y - 2.25)]

5
(B) fy (y) = 0.5d (y) + 0.5d (y - 1)
(C) fy (y) = 0.25d (y + 2.5) + 0.25d (y - 2.5) + 5d (y)
(D) fy (y) = 0.25d (y + 2.5) + 0.25d (y - 2.5) + 1 [u (y + 2.5) - u (y - 2.5)]

in
10

.
Sol. 52 Hence (B) is correct option.

co
Q. 53 A system with input x [n] and output y [n] is given as y [n] = (sin 56 pn) x [n]. The
system is
(A) linear, stable and invertible

a .
i
(B) non-linear, stable and non-invertible

o d
(C) linear, stable and non-invertible
(D) linear, unstable and invertible
Sol. 53

.
Hence (C) is correct answer.
n
w
y (n) = b sin 5 pn l x (n)
6
Let
w x (n) = d (n)
Now
w y (n) = sin 0 = 0 (bounded) BIBO stable

©
Q. 54 The unit step response of a system starting from rest is given by c (t) = 1 - e-2t
for t $ 0 . The transfer function of the system is
(A) 1 (B) 2
1 + 2s 2+s
(C) 1 (D) 2s
2+s 1 + 2s
Sol. 54 Hence (B) is correct answer.
c (t) = 1 - e-2t
Taking laplace transform
C (s) 2
C (s) = = #s = 2
U (s) s (s + 2) s+2
Q. 55 The Nyquist plot of G (jw) H (jw)for a closed loop control system, passes through
(- 1, j0) point in the GH plane. The gain margin of the system in dB is equal to
(A) infinite (B) greater than zero
(C) less than zero (D) zero
Sol. 55 If the Nyquist polt of G (jw) H (jw) for a closed loop system pass through (- 1, j0)
point, the gain margin is 1 and in dB
GM =- 20 log 1
= 0 dB
Hence (D) is correct option.
GATE SOLVED PAPER - EC 2006

Q. 56 The positive values of K and a so that the system shown in the figures below
oscillates at a frequency of 2 rad/sec respectively are

(A) 1, 0.75 (B) 2, 0.75

(C) 1, 1 (D) 2, 2
Sol. 56 The characteristics equation is
1 + G (s) H (s) = 0
K (s + 1)
1+ 3 =0
s + as2 + 2s + 1
s3 + as2 + (2 + K) s + K + 1 = 0
The Routh Table is shown below. For system to be oscillatory stable

in
a (2 + K) - (K + 1)
=0

.
a

co
or a = K+1 ...(1)
K+2

.
Then we have

i
as2 + K + 1 = 0
a
d
At 2 rad/sec we have

o
s = jw " s2 =- w2 =- 4 ,

.n
Thus - 4a + K + 1 = 0 ...(2)

w
Solving (i) and (ii) we get K = 2 and a = 0.75 .

w
s3 1 2+K

w
s 2
a 1+K
(1 + K) a - (1 + K)
s1

©
a

s0 1+K

Hence (B) is correct option.

Q. 57 The unit impulse response of a system is f (t) = e-t, t $ 0 . For this system the
steady-state value of the output for unit step input is equal to
(A) - 1 (B) 0
(C) 1 (D) 3
Sol. 57 Hence (C) is correct answer.
h (t) = e-t
L 1
H (s) =
s+1
X (s) = 1
L
x (t) = u (t)
s
Y (s) = H (s) X (s) = 1 # 1 = 1 - 1
s+1 s s s+1
y (t) = u (t) - e-t
In steady state i.e. t " 3, y (3) = 1
GATE SOLVED PAPER - EC 2006

Q. 58 The transfer function of a phase lead compensator is given by Gc (s) = 1 + 3Ts

1 + Ts
where T > 0 The maximum phase shift provide by
such a compensator is
(A) p (B) p
2 3
(C) p (D) p
4 6
Sol. 58 The transfer function of given compensator is
Gc (s) = 1 + 3Ts T>0
1 + Ts
Comparing with
Gc (s) = 1 + aTs we get a = 3
1 + Ts
The maximum phase sift is

in
fmax = tan-1 a - 1

.
2 a

co
-1 3 - 1
= tan = tan-1 1
2 3 3

.
or fmax = p

a
6
Hence (D) is correct option.

d i
o
Q. 59 A linear system is described by the following state equation

. n
0 1
Xo (t) = AX (t) + BU (t), A = =
- 1 0G

w
The state transition matrix of the system is

w
cos t sin t - cos t sin t
(A) =
- sin t cos t G
(B) =
- sin t - cos t G

(C) = w
- cos t - sin t
G (D) =
cos t - sin t
cos t sin t G

©
- sin t cos t
Sol. 59 Hence (A) is correct option.
s 0 0 1 s -1
(sI - A) = = G - =
- 1 0G =1 s G
=
0 s
1 =s - 1G = >s + 1
s 1

H
2
s2 + 1
(sI - A) -1 = - 1 s
s2 + 1 1 s 2
s +1 s2 + 1
cos t sin t
f (t) = eAt = L-1 [(sI - A)] -1 = =
- sin t cos t G
Q. 60 The minimum step-size required for a Delta-Modulator operating at 32k
samples/sec to track the signal (here u (t) is the unit-step function)
x (t) = 125[ u (t) - u (t - 1) + (250t)[ u (t - 1) - u (t - 2)]
so that slope-overload is avoided, would be
(A) 2 - 10 (B) 2 - 8
(C) 2 - 6 (D) 2 - 4
Sol. 60 We have
x (t) = 125t [u (t) - u (t - 1)] + (250 - 125t) [u (t - 1) - u (t - 2)]
The slope of expression x (t) is 125 and sampling frequency fs is 32 # 1000
samples/sec.
GATE SOLVED PAPER - EC 2006

Let 3 be the step size, then to avoid slope overload

3 $ slope x (t)
Ts
3 fc $ slope x (t)
3# 32000 $ 125
3 $ 125
32000
3 = 2- 8
Hence (B) is correct option.
Q. 61 A zero-mean white Gaussian noise is passes through an ideal lowpass filter of
bandwidth 10 kHz. The output is then uniformly sampled with sampling period
ts = 0.03 msec. The samples so obtained would be
(A) correlated (B) statistically independent
(C) uncorrelated (D) orthogonal
Sol. 61 The sampling frequency is

in
1 = 33 kHz

.
fs =
0.03m

co
Since fs $ 2fm , the signal can be recovered and are correlated.

.
Hence (A) is correct option.
Q. 62

i a
A source generates three symbols with probabilities 0.25, 0.25, 0.50 at a rate

d
of 3000 symbols per second. Assuming independent generation of symbols, the

o
most efficient source encoder would have average bit rate is

.n
(A) 6000 bits/sec (B) 4500 bits/sec
(C) 3000 bits/sec (D) 1500 bits/sec
Sol. 62
w
Hence (B) is correct option.

w
We have p1 = 0.25 , p2 = 0.25 and p3 = 0.5

w
3
H = / p1 log2 1 bits/symbol
i=1
p1

© = p1 log2 1 + p2 log2 1 + p3 log2 1

p1
= 0.25 log2 1
p2
+ 0.25 log2 1
p3
+ 0.5 log2 1
0.25 0.25 0.5
= 0.25 log2 4 + 0.25 log2 4 + 0.5 log2 2
= 0.5 + 0.5 + 1 = 3 bits/symbol
2 2
Rb = 3000 symbol/sec
Average bit rate = Rb H
= 3 # 3000 = 4500 bits/sec
2
Q. 63 The diagonal clipping in Amplitude Demodulation (using envelop detector) can
be avoided it RC time-constant of the envelope detector satisfies the following
condition, (here W is message bandwidth and w is carrier frequency both in
rad/sec)
(A) RC < 1 (B) RC > 1
W W
(C) RC < 1 (D) RC > 1
w w
GATE SOLVED PAPER - EC 2006

Sol. 63 The diagonal clipping in AM using envelop detector can be avoided if

1 << RC < 1
wc W
1 $ W m sin Wt
But from
RC 1 + m cos Wt
We can say that RC depends on W , thus
RC < 1
W
Hence (A) is correct option.
Q. 64 In the following figure the minimum value of the constant "C" , which is to be
added to y1 (t) such that y1 (t) and y2 (t) are different , is

. in
co
(A) 3

i a. (B) 3
2

d
2

o
(C) 3 (D) 3
12 L

. n
Sol. 64 When 3 /2 is added to y (t) then signal will move to next quantization level.
Otherwise if they have step size less than 3 then they will be on the same

w
2
quantization level.

w
Hence (B) is correct option.

w
Q. 65 A message signal with bandwidth 10 kHz is Lower-Side Band SSB modulated
with carrier frequency fc1 = 106 Hz. The resulting signal is then passed through

©
a Narrow-Band Frequency Modulator with carrier frequency fc2 = 109 Hz.
The bandwidth of the output would be
(A) 4 # 10 4 Hz (B) 2 # 106 Hz
(C) 2 # 109 Hz (D) 2 # 1010 Hz
Sol. 65 After the SSB modulation the frequency of signal will be fc - fm i.e.
1000 - 10 kHz . 1000 kHz
The bandwidth of FM is
BW = 2 (b + 1) 3 f
For NBFMb << 1, thus
BWNBFM . 2 3 f = 2 (109 - 106) . 2 # 109
Hence (C) is correct option.
Q. 66 A medium of relative permittivity er2 = 2 forms an interface with free - space.
A point source of electromagnetic energy is located in the medium at a depth of
1 meter from the interface. Due to the total internal reflection, the transmitted
beam has a circular cross-section over the interface. The area of the beam cross-
section at the interface is given by
(A) 2p m 2 (B) p2 m 2
(C) p m 2 (D) p m 2
2
GATE SOLVED PAPER - EC 2006

Sol. 66 Hence (D) is correct option

sin q = 1 = 1
er 2
or q = 45c = p
4
The configuration is shown below. Here A is point source.

Now AO = 1 m
From geometry BO = 1 m
Thus area = pr2 = p # OB = p m 2
A medium is divide into regions I and II about x = 0 plane, as shown in the

in
Q. 67
figure below.

.
. co
i a
o d
.n
An electromagnetic wave with electric field E1 = 4atx + 3aty + 5atz is incident
normally on the interface from region I . The electric file E2 in region II at the

w
interface is
(A) E2 = E1 (B) 4atx + 0.75aty - 1.25atz

w
(C) 3atx + 3aty + 5atz (D) - 3atx + 3aty + 5atz
Sol. 67
w
Hence (C) is correct option.

©
We have E1 = 4ux + 3uy + 5uz
Since for dielectric material at the boundary, tangential component of electric
field are equal
E21 = E1t = 3aty + 5atz
at the boundary, normal component of displacement vector are equal
i.e. Dn2 = Dn1
or e2 E2n = e1 E1n
or 4eo E2n = 3eo 4atz
or E2n = 3atx
Thus E2 = E2t + E2a = 3atx + 3aty + 5atz
Q. 68 When a planes wave traveling in free-space is incident normally on a medium
having the fraction of power transmitted into the medium is given by
(A) 8 (B) 1
9 2
(C) 1 (D) 5
3 6
GATE SOLVED PAPER - EC 2006

Sol. 68 Hence (A) is correct option

mo mo
h2 - h1 -
G= = eo er eo
= 1+ er = 1 - 4 =- 1
h2 + h1 mo
eo er + mo
eo 1+ er 1+ 4 3
The transmitted power is
Pt = (1 - G2) Pi = 1 - 1 = 8
9 9
or Pt = 8
Pi 9
Q. 69 A rectangular wave guide having TE10 mode as dominant mode is having a cut
off frequency 18 GHz for the mode TE30 . The inner broad - wall dimension of
the rectangular wave guide is
(A) 5 cm (B) 5 cm
3

in
(C) 5 cm (D) 10 cm
2
The cut-off frequency is
.
co
Sol. 69

fc = c ` m j2 + ` m j2

.
2 a b

a
Since the mode is TE30 , m = 3 and n = 0
fc = c m
2 a
d i
o
8
18 # 109 = 3 # 10 3

n
or

.
2 a
1 m = 5 cm

w
or a =
40 2

w
Hence (C) is correct option.

w
Q. 70 A mast antenna consisting of a 50 meter long vertical conductor operates over a
perfectly conducting ground plane. It is base-fed at a frequency of 600 kHz. The

©
radiation resistance of the antenna is Ohms is
2 2
(A) 2p (B) p
5 5
2
(C) 4p (D) 20p2
5
Sol. 70 Since antenna is installed at conducting ground,
2
= 4p W
2
Rrad = 80p2 ` dl j = 80p2 c 50 2
l 0.5 # 10 3 m 5
Hence (C) is correct option.

Common Data for Questions 71, 72 and 73 :

In the transistor amplifier circuit shown in the figure below, the transistor has
the following parameters:
bDC = 60 , VBE = 0.7V, hie " 3
The capacitance CC can be assumed to be infinite.
In the figure above, the ground has been shown by the symbol 4
GATE SOLVED PAPER - EC 2006

Q. 71 Under the DC conditions, the collector-or-emitter voltage drop is

(A) 4.8 Volts (B) 5.3 Volts
(C) 6.0 Volts (D) 6.6 Volts
Sol. 71 The circuit under DC condition is shown in fig below

. in
. co
a
di
Applying KVL we have
VCC - RC (IC + IB) - VCE = 0 ...(1)
and

n o
VCC - RB IB - VBE = 0 ...(2)

.
Substituting IC = bIB in (1) we have

w
VCC - RC (bIB + IB) - VCE = 0 ...(3)

w
Solving (2) and (3) we get
VCE = VCC - VCC - VBE ...(4)

w 1+ RB
RC (1 + b)

©
Now substituting values we get
VCE = 12 - 12 - 0.7 = 5.95 V
1+ 53
1 + (1 + 60)
Hence (C) is correct option.
Q. 72 If bDC is increased by 10%, the collector-to-emitter voltage drop
(A) increases by less than or equal to 10%
(B) decreases by less than or equal to 10%
(C) increase by more than 10%
(D) decreases by more than 10%
Sol. 72 Hence (B) is correct option.
We have b' = 110 # 60 = 66
100
Substituting b' = 66 with other values in (iv) in previous solutions
VCE = 12 - 12 - 0.7 = 5.29 V
1+ 53
1 + (1 + 66)
GATE SOLVED PAPER - EC 2006

Thus change is = 5.29 - 59.5 # 100 =- 4.3%

5.95

Q. 73 The small-signal gain of the amplifier vc is

vs
(A) -10 (B) -5.3
(C) 5.3 (D) 10
Sol. 73 Hence (A) is correct option.

Common Data for Questions 74, 75 :

Let g (t) = p (t)*( pt), where * denotes convolution & p (t) = u (t) - u (t - 1) lim
z"3
with u (t) being the unit step function
Q. 74 The impulse response of filter matched to the signal s (t) = g (t) - d (1 - 2)* g (t)

in
is given as :

.
(A) s (1 - t) (B) - s (1 - t)

co
(C) - s (t) (D) s (t)

.
Sol. 74 Hence (A) is correct option.

i a
We have p (t) = u (t) - u (t - 1)

d
g (t) = p (t)* p (t)

o
s (t) = g (t) - d (t - 2)* g (t) = g (t) - g (t - 2)

. n
All signal are shown in figure below :

w
w
w
©
The impulse response of matched filter is
h (t) = s (T - t) = s (1 - t)
Here T is the time where output SNR is maximum.
Q. 75 An Amplitude Modulated signal is given as
xAM (t) = 100 [p (t) + 0.5g (t)] cos wc t
in the interval 0 # t # 1. One set of possible values of modulating signal and
modulation index would be
(A) t, 0.5 (B) t, 1.0
(C) t, 2.0 (D) t2, 0.5
Sol. 75 Hence (A) is correct option.
We have xAM (t) = 10 [P (t) + 0.5g (t)] cos wc t
where p (t) = u (t) - u (t - 1)
and g (t) = r (t) - 2r (t - 1) + r (t - 2)
For desired interval 0 # t # 1, p (t) = 1 and g (t) = t , Thus we have,
xAM (t) = 100 (1 - 0.5t) cos wc t
Hence modulation index is 0.5
GATE SOLVED PAPER - EC 2006

Linked Answer Question : Q.76 to Q.85. Carry two marks each.

Statement for Linked Answer Questions 76 & 77:

A regulated power supply, shown in figure below, has an unregulated input (UR)
of 15 Volts and generates a regulated output Vout . Use the component values
shown in the figure.

in
In the figure above, the ground has been shown by the symbol 4

.
co
Q. 76 The power dissipation across the transistor Q1 shown in the figure is
(A) 4.8 Watts (B) 5.0 Watts
(C) 5.4 Watts

a . (D) 6.0 Watts

Sol. 76

d i
The Zener diode is in breakdown region, thus
V+ = VZ = 6 V = Vin

o
R
We know that Vo = Vin c1 + f m

.n
R1
or Vout = Vo = 6`1 + 12k j = 9 V

w
24k
The current in 12 kW branch is negligible as comparison to 10 W. Thus Current

w
IC . IE . = Vout = 9 = 0.9 A

w
RL 10
Now VCE = 15 - 9 = 6 V

©
The power dissipated in transistor is
P = VCE IC = 6 # 0.9 = 5.4 W
Hence (C) is correct option.
Q. 77 If the unregulated voltage increases by 20%, the power dissipation across the
transistor Q1
(A) increases by 20% (B) increases by 50%
(C) remains unchanged (D) decreases by 20%
Sol. 77 If the unregulated voltage increase by 20%, them the unregulated voltage is 18
V, but the VZ = Vin = 6 remain same and hence Vout and IC remain same. There
will be change in VCE
Thus, VCE - 18 - 9 = 9 V
IC = 0.9 A
Power dissipation P = VCE IC = 9 # 0.9 = 8.1 W
Thus % increase in power is
8.1 - 5.4 # 100 = 50%
5.4
Hence (B) is correct option.
GATE SOLVED PAPER - EC 2006

Common Data for Question 78 and 79 :

The following two question refer to wide sense stationary stochastic process
Q. 78 It is desired to generate a stochastic process (as voltage process) with power
spectral density S (w) = 16/ (16 + w2) by driving a Linear-Time-Invariant system
by zero mean white noise (As voltage process) with power spectral density
being constant equal to 1. The system which can perform the desired task could
be
(A) first order lowpass R-L filter
(B) first order highpass R-C filter
(C) tuned L-C filter
(D) series R-L-C filter
Sol. 78 Hence (A) is correct option.

in
We know that SYY (w)= H (w) 2 .SXX (w)

.
co
Now SYY (w) = 16 and SXX (w) = 1 white noise
16 + w2

.
Thus 16 = H (w) 2

a
16 + w2
or H (w) = 4

d
16 + w2 i
or H (s) = 4

n
4+s
o
.
which is a first order low pass RL filter.
Q. 79
w
The parameters of the system obtained in previous Q would be

w
(A) first order R-L lowpass filter would have R = 4W L = 1H

w
(B) first order R-C highpass filter would have R = 4W C = 0.25F
(C) tuned L-C filter would have L = 4H C = 4F

Sol. 79
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(D) series R-L-C lowpass filter would have R = 1W , L = 4H , C = 4F
Hence (A) is correct option.
We have R = 4
R + sL 4+s
R
or = 4
L
+sR
L
4+s
Comparing we get L = 1 H and R = 4W

Common Data for Question 80 and 81 :

Consider the following Amplitude Modulated (AM) signal, where fm < B
XAM (t) = 10 (1 + 0.5 sin 2pfm t) cos 2pfc t
Q. 80 The average side-band power for the AM signal given above is
(A) 25 (B) 12.5
(C) 6.25 (D) 3.125
Sol. 80 Hence (C) is correct option.
We have xAM (t) = 10 (1 + 0.5 sin 2pfm t) cos 2pfc t
The modulation index is 0.5
GATE SOLVED PAPER - EC 2006

(10) 2
Carrier power Pc = = 50
2
(10) 2
Side band power Ps = = 50
2
2 (0.5) 2 (50)
Side band power Ps = m Pc = = 6.25
2 2
Q. 81 The AM signal gets added to a noise with Power Spectral Density Sn (f) given
in the figure below. The ratio of average sideband power to mean noise power
would be :

. in
(A) 25 (B) 25
8N0 B 4N0 B

co
(C) 25 (D) 25

.
2N0 B N0 B

i a
Sol. 81 Hence (B) is correct option.

d
Mean noise power = Area under the PSD curve

o
= 4 ; 1 # B # No E = BNo

.n
2 2

The ratio of average sideband power to mean noise power is

w
Side Band Power = 6.25 = 25

w
Noise Power N0 B 4No B

w
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Statement for Linked Answer Questions 82 and 83 :
Consider a unity - gain feedback control system whose open - loop transfer
function is : G (s) = as + 1
s2
Q. 82 The value of a so that the system has a phase - margin equal to p is
4
approximately equal to
(A) 2.40 (B) 1.40
(C) 0.84 (D) 0.74
Sol. 82 Hence (C) is correct option.
We have G (s) = as + 1
s2
+G (jw) = tan-1 (wa) - p

Since PM is p i.e. 45c, thus

4
p = p + +G (jw ) w " Gain cross over Frequency
g g
4
or p = p + tan-1 (w a) - p
g
4
GATE SOLVED PAPER - EC 2006

or p = tan-1 (w a)
g
4
or awg = 1
At gain crossover frequency G (jwg) = 1
1 + a2 wg2
Thus =1
wg2
or 1 + 1 = wg2 (as awg = 1)
1

or wg = (2) 4

Q. 83 With the value of a set for a phase - margin of p , the value of unit - impulse
4
response of the open - loop system at t = 1 second is equal to
(A) 3.40 (B) 2.40
(C) 1.84 (D) 1.74
Sol. 83 For a = 0.84 we have
. in
co
G (s) = 0.84s2 + 1
s

.
Due to ufb system H (s) = 1 and due to unit impulse response R (s) = 1, thus

i a
C (s) = G (s) R (s) = G (s)

d
= 0.84s2 + 1 = 12 + 0.84

o
s s s

n
Taking inverse laplace transform

.
c (t) = (t + 0.84) u (t)
At t = 1,
w
c (1 sec) = 1 + 0.84 = 1.84

w
Hence (C) is correct option.

w
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Statement for Linked Answer Questions 84 and 85
A 30 Volts battery with zero source resistance is connected to a coaxial line
of characteristic impedance of 50 Ohms at t = 0 second and terminated in
an unknown resistive load. The line length is such that it takes 400 ms for an
electromagnetic wave to travel from source end to load end and vice-versa. At
t = 400 ms , the voltage at the load end is found to be 40 Volts.
Q. 84 The load resistance is
(A) 25 Ohms (B) 50 Ohms
(C) 75 Ohms (D) 100 Ohms
Sol. 84 Correct Option (D)
Q. 85 The steady-state current through the load resistance is
(A) 1.2 Amps (B) 0.3 Amps
(C) 0.6 Amps (D) 0.4 Amps
Sol. 85 Correct Option is (B)
GATE SOLVED PAPER - EC 2006

Answer Sheet
1. (C) 19. (C) 37. (A) 55. (D) 73. (A)
2. (D) 20. (A) 38. (B) 56. (B) 74. (A)
3. (A) 21. (A) 39. (B) 57. (C) 75. (A)
4. (C) 22. (B) 40. (D) 58. (D) 76. (C)
5. (A) 23. (D) 41. (D) 59. (A) 77. (B)
6. (B) 24. (C) 42. (A) 60. (B) 78. (A)
7. (C) 25. (D) 43. (D) 61. (A) 79. (A)
8. (A) 26. (C) 44. (B) 62. (B) 80. (C)
9. (A) 27. (A) 45. (D) 63. (A) 81. (B)
10. (B) 28. (C) 46. (B) 64. (B) 82. (C)
11. (D) 29. (A) 47. (A) 65. (C) 83. (C)

in
12. (C) 30. (D) 48. (B) 66. (D) 84. (D)
13. (A) 31. (B) 49. (D)
.
67. (C) 85. (B)

co
14. (A) 32. (B) 50. (B) 68. (A)
15. (D) 33. (A) 51.
.
(C)

a
69. (C)

di
16. (D) 34. (B) 52. (B) 70 (C)
17. (D) 35. (D) 53. (C) 71 (C)
18. (A) 36. (A)

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54. (B) 72 (B)

.
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