Operating system

• COURSE NO: CA 400.2

• SUBMITTED TO: SIR CHAAND GUL
• SUBMITTED BY: 1.MUHAMMAD AREEB IRFAN 2.RIJA GULZAR
3.SYED HASSAN RAZA 4.MUHAMMAD ZAIN
 CONTENT
• INTRODUCTION TO OPERATING SYSTEM.
1. Definition
2. What is operating system?
3. Examples
• EXAMPLE OF OPERATING SYSTEM
• FUNCTIONS OF OPERATING SYSTEM
• ADVANTAGES OF OPERATING SYSTEM
• ROLE OF OPERATING SYSTEM
• REFERENCES
 INTRODUCTION
• DEFINITION:
An operating system (OS) is system software that manage computer hardware, software resources, and
provides common services for computer programs.

• WHAT IS OPERATING SYSTEM?

An operating system (OS) is the program that, after being initially loaded into the computer by a boot program,
manages all of the other application programs in a computer. The application programs make use of the
operating system by making requests for services through a defined application program interface (API). In
addition, users can interact directly with the operating system through a user interface, such as a command -line
interface (CLI) or a graphical UI (GUI).

• EXAMPLES:
Examples of Operating Systems
Some examples include versions of Microsoft Windows (like Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows
Vista, and Windows XP), Apple’s macOS (formerly OS X), Chrome OS, BlackBerry Tablet OS, and flavors of Linux,
an open-source operating system.
 SOME EXAMPLES OF
OPERATING SYSTEM
• Some of popular operating system are describe below:
Five of the most common operating systems are Microsoft
Windows, Apple macOS, Linux, Android and Apple’s iOS.

1. Microsoft Windows:
Microsoft Windows, also called Windows and Windows OS,
computer operating system (OS) developed by Microsoft
Corporation to run personal computers (PCs). Featuring the
first graphical user interface (GUI) for IBM-compatible PCs,
the Windows OS soon dominated the PC market.
2. Apple Mac OS:
Mac OS, operating system (OS) developed by the American
computer company, Apple Inc. The OS was introduced in 1984 to
run the company’s Macintosh line of personal computers (PCs).
The Macintosh heralded the era of graphical user interface (GUI)
systems, and it inspired Microsoft Corporation to develop its own
GUI, the Windows OS.
3. Linux:

Linux is a Unix-like, open source and community-developed operating system for

computers, servers, mainframes, mobile devices and embedded devices. It is
supported on almost every major computer platform including x86, ARM and SPARC,
making it one of the most widely supported operating systems.
For example, Linux has emerged as a popular operating system for web servers such
as Apache, as well as for network operations, scientific computing tasks that require
huge compute clusters, running databases, desktop/endpoint computing and running
mobile devices with OS versions like Android.
4. Android:
Android is a mobile operating system developed by Google. It is used by
several smartphones and tablets. Examples include the Sony Xperia, the
Samsung Galaxy, and the Google Nexus One.
The Android operating system (OS) is based on the Linux kernel. Unlike Apple’s
iOS, Android is open source, meaning developers can modify and customize
the OS for each phone. Therefore, different Android-based phones often have
different graphical user interfaces GUIs even though they use the same OS.
Android phones typically come with several built-in applications and also
support third-party programs. Developers can create programs for Android
using the free Android software developer kit (SDK). Android programs are
written in Java and run through a Java virtual machine JVM that is optimized
for mobile devices. The “Dalvik” JVM was used through Android 4.4 and was
replaced by Android Runtime or “ART” in Android 5.0. Users can download and
install Android apps from Google Play and other locations. If you are unsure
what operating system your phone or tablet uses, you can view the system
information by selecting “About” in the Settings menu. This is also a good way
to check if your device meets an app’s system requirements. The name
“Android” comes from the term android, which is robot designed to look and
act like a human.
5. Apple‘s iOS:
It was originally named the iPhone OS, but
was renamed to the iOS in June, 2009. The
iOS currently runs on the iPhone, iPod
touch, and iPad. Like modern desktop
operating systems, iOS uses a graphical
user interface, or GUI. … For example, you
cannot manage files and folders like you
can in Mac OS X or Windows
 FUNCTION OF
OPERATING SYSTEM:
 ADVANTAGES OF
OPERATING SYSTEM:
1.Computing Sourc:
An operating system acts as an interface between the user
and the hardware. It allows users to input data, process it,
and access the output. Besides, through the operating
system, users can communicate with computers to perform
various functions such as arithmetic calculations and other
significant tasks.
2.User-Friendly Interface:
Windows operating system, when it came into existence,
also introduces Graphical User Interface (GUI), which made
using computers much more natural than earlier Command
Line Interface. Moreover, users can quickly understand,
interacts, and communicate with computer machines.
3.Resource Sharin:
Operating systems allow the sharing of data and
useful information with other users via Printers,
Modems, Players, and Fax Machines. Besides, a
single user can share the same data with multiple
users at the corresponding time via mails. Also,
various apps, images, and media files can be
transferred from PC to other devices with the help of
an operating system.

4.No Coding Line:

With the invention of GUI, operating systems allow
accessing hardware without writing programs.
Unlike, earlier users don’t have to write code of lines
to access the hardware functionality of a computer
system.
5.Safeguard of Data:
There’s a lot of user data stored on the computer, and that can only
be accessed with the help of an OS. Besides, storing and accessing the
data, another important task of an OS is to safely and securely
manage the data. For example, Windows Defender in Microsoft
Windows detects malicious and harmful files and removes them. Also,
it secures your data by storing them with a bit to bit encryption.

6.Software Update:
An operating system is a software which needs to update regularly to
control high fleeting features that are continually increasing. With
other apps and software hitting updates to improve their
functionality, OS must improve their benchmarks and handle all the
working of a computer. An OS can easily be updated without any
complexity.
7.Multitasking:
An operating system can handle several tasks
simultaneously. It allows users to carry out different tasks at
the same point in time.
 ROLE OF OPERATING
SYSTEM IN THE CONTEXT OF
COMPUTER PERFORMANCE
• An operating system is the most important software that
runs on a computer. It manages the computer’s memory
and processes, as well as all of its software and hardware.
It also allows you to communicate with the computer
without knowing how to speak the computer’s language.
 REFERENCES
• https://edu.gcfglobal.org/en/computerbasics/understanding-
operating-systems/1/
• https://www-softwaretestinghelp-
com.cdn.ampproject.org/v/s/www.softwaretestinghelp.com/best-
operating.system.com
• https://www.researchgate.net/publication/315640036_The_Role_of_o
perating_system_to_the_computersystem_communication.com
• https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operating_system#:~:text=An%20ope
rating%20system%20(OS)%20is,common%20services%20for%20compu
ter%20programs.&text=Operating%20systems%20are%20found%20on,
to%20web%20servers%20and%20supercomputers.com
• https://en.m.wiktionary.org/wiki/operating_system.com