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Scientific name: Opisthoproctidae
Higher classification: Argentiniformes
Rank: Family
Did you know: The ultrasensitive tubular eyes of the barreleye fish detect their prey even in
the pitch dark environment. prezi.com
Opisthoproctus soleatus
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Argentiniformes
Family: Opisthoproctidae
All species have large, telescoping eyes, which dominate and protrude from the head,
but are enclosed within a large transparent dome of soft tissue. [5] These eyes generally
gaze upwards, but can also be directed forwards. [6] The opisthoproctid eye has a
large lens and a retina with an exceptionally high complement of rod cells and a high
density of rhodopsin (the "visual purple" pigment); no cone cells are present. To better
serve their vision, barreleyes have large, dome-shaped, transparent heads; this
presumably allows the eyes to collect even more incident light and likely protects the
sensitive eyes from the nematocysts (stinging cells) of the siphonophores, from which
the barreleye is believed to steal food. It may also serve as an accessory lens
(modulated by intrinsic or peripheral muscles), or refract light with an index very close to
seawater. Dolichopteryx longipes is the only vertebrate known to use a mirror (as well as
a lens) in its eyes for focusing images.
The toothless mouth is small and terminal, ending in a pointed snout. As in related
families (e.g. Argentinidae), an epibranchial or crumenal organ is present behind the
fourth gill arch. This organ—analogous to the gizzard—consists of a
small diverticulumwherein the gill rakers insert and interdigitate for the purpose of
grinding up ingested material. The living body of most species is a dark brown, covered
in large, silvery imbricate scales, but these are absent in Dolichopteryx, leaving the body
itself a transparent white. In all species, a variable number of dark melanophores colour
the muzzle, ventral surface, and midline.