NUMERICALS HVE

1. A ten stage Cockraft-Walton circuit has all capacitors of 0.06 μF. The secondary voltage
of the supply transformer is 100 kV at a frequency of 150 Hz. If the load current is 1 mA, determine (i)
voltage regulation (ii) the ripple (iii) the optimum number of stages for maximum output voltage (iv)
the maximum output voltage.
A 100 kVA 250 V/200 kV feed transformer has resistance and reactance of 1% and 5%
respectively. This transformer is used to test a cable at 400 kV at 50 Hz. The cable takes a charging
current of 0.5 A at 400 kV. Determine the series inductance required. Assume 1% resistance of the
inductor. Also determine input voltage to the transformer. Neglect dielectric loss of the cable.
A ten-stage impulse generator has 0.250 μF condensers. The wave front and wave tail
resistances are 75 ohms and 2600 respectively. If the load capacitance is 2.5 nF, determine the wave
front and w ave tail times of the impulse wave.
A 12-stage impulse generator has capacitors each rated at 0.3 μF, 150 kV. The capacitance
of the test specimen is 400 pF. Determine the wave front and wave tail resistance to produce at 1.2/50
μ sec. impulse wave. Also determine the maximum output voltage if the charging voltage is 125 kV.
A 12-stage impulse generator has capacitors each rated at 0.3 μF, 150 kV. The capacitance
of the test specimen is 400 pF. Determine the wave front and wave tail resistance to produce at 1.2/50
μ sec. impulse wave. Also determine the maximum output voltage if the charging voltage is 125 kV.
Determine the breakdown voltage for air gaps of 2 mm and 15 mm lengths under uniform
field and standard atmospheric conditions. Also, determine the voltage if the atmospheric pressure
is 750 mm Hg and temperature 35°C.

An absolute electrostatic voltmeter has a movable circular plate 8 cms in diameter. If the
distance between the plates during a measurement is 4 mm, determine the potential difference when the
force of attraction is 0.2 gm wt.
An electrostatic voltmeter has two parallel plates. The movable plate is 10 cm in diameter.
With 10 kV between the plates the pull is 5 × 10–3 N. Determine the change in capacitance for a
movement of 1 mm of movable plate.

A generating voltmeter is required to measure voltage between 15 kV to 250 kV. If the

indicating meter reads a minimum current of 2 μA and maximum of 35 μA, determine the capacitance
of the generating voltmeter. Assume that the speed of driving synchronous motor is 1500 rpm.
A peak reading voltmeter is required to measure voltage upto 150 kV. The peak voltmeter
uses an RC circuit, a microammeter and a capacitance potential divider. The potential divider has a
ratio of 1200 : 1 and the micrometer can read upto 10 μA. Determine the value of R and C if the time
constant of RC circuit is 8 secs.
NUMERICALS

1. A steady current of 600 μA flows through the plane electrode separated by a

distance of 0.5 cm when a voltage of 10 kV is applied. Determine the Townsend’s
first ionization coefficient if a current of 60 μA flows when the distance of
separation is reduced to 0.1 cm and the field is kept constant at the previous value.

Solution: Since the field is kept constant (i.e., if distance of separation is reduced,
the voltage is also reduced by the same ratio so that V/d is kept constant).

I = I0 eαx

Substituting two different sets of values,

we have 600 = I0 e0.5α and 60 = I0 e0.1α

or 10 = e0.4α or 0.4 α = 1n 10
0.4α = 2.3026

α= 5.75 ionizing collisions/cm.

A 100 kVA 250 V/200 kV feed transformer has resistance and reactance of 1%
and 5% respectively. This transformer is used to test a cable at 400 kV at 50 Hz.
The cable takes a charging current of 0.5 A at 400 kV. Determine the series
inductance required. Assume 1% resistance of the inductor. Also determine input
voltage to the transformer. Neglect dielectric loss of the cable.
An absolute electrostatic voltmeter has a movable circular plate 8 cms in
diameter. If the distance between the plates during a measurement is 4 mm,
determine the potential difference when the force of attraction is 0.2 gm wt.

A solid specimen of dielectric has a dielectric constant of 4.2, and tan δ as 0.001
at a frequency of 50 Hz. If it is subjected to an alternating field of 50 kV/cm,
calculate the heat generated in the specimen due to the dielectric loss.
State and explain Paschen’s law. Derive expression for (pd)min and Vb,min.
Assume A = 12, B = 365 and γ = 0.02 for air. (i) determine (pd)min and Vb,min

What will be the breakdown voltage of a spark gap in a gas at pr = 760 torr at
25°C if A = 15/cm, B = 360/crn, d = 1 mm and  = 1.5 x 10-4? What is the
minimum spark over voltage of the above gap if  = 10-4 with all other
parameters remaining the same.
Find the percentage ripple in the output voltage produced by an 8 stage
Cockcroft-Walton multiplier circuit with a capacitance all equal to 0.05µF.
The supply transformer secondary voltage is 125kV at a frequency of 150Hz
and the load current is 5mA.
δv  100
Percentage Ripple =
2nVmax

Ripple Voltage, δv = I1 n(n + 1)

fC 2
where, No.of Capacitances, n=2 X No.of Stages
n = 2  8 = 16
Load Current, I1 = 5  10 −3 A
5  10 −3  16  (16 + 1)
δv = = 90.67kV
150  0.05  10 −6  2
90.67  103  100
% Ripple = = 2.2667%
2  16  125  103

A 12 stage impulse generator has a 0.126µF capacitor. The wave front and
wave tail resistances are 800ohms and 5000ohms respectively. If the load
capacitor is 1000pF, find the front and tail times of the impulse wave
produced.
Generator Capacitance, C1=(0.126/12)=0.0105 µF
Load Capacitance, C2=1000X10-12F=0.001 µF
R1=800 and R2=5000
 C1C2 
Front Time, t1 = 3R1Ce = 3R1  
 1
C + C 2 

 0.0105  10−6  0.001 10−6 

t1 = 3  800   −6
 = 2.19μSec
−6 
 0.0105  10 + 0.001  10 
Tail Time, t2 = 0.7( R1 + R2 )(C1 + C2 )
t2 = 0.7(800 + 5000)(0.0105  10−6 + 0.001 10−6 )
t2 = 46.69μSec