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Diketahui:
Material: ODCB
Flow rate: 10000 kg/h
T: 20 C
Pipe: Carbon steel
Ditanya:
Line size and pump type?
Jawab:
ρ ODCB = 1306 kg/m3
Viskositas = 0.9 cp
Pipe Diameter
velocity = 2 m/s
mass flow (G)= 2.7777777778 kg/s
volum. flow= 0.0021269355 m3/s
Pipe area= 0.0010634678 m2
D= 0.0367979502 m
37 mm
Pressure Drop
fluid velocity = 1.6926114208 m/s
Friction loss :
𝑅𝑒 = (𝜌 × 𝑢 × 𝑑_𝑖)/𝜇
Re = 98246.689578 9.82x10^4
Ab. Roughness = 0.046 mm
Rel. Roughness = 0.00115
f 0.0027
f 0.0039
Miscellaneous losses
Length = 1.5 m
Bend = 1.2 m
Valve = 0.72 m
3.42 m
Pump discharge :
Length = 44.5
Bends = 7.2
Valves = 2.16
53.86
Pump selection:
flow rate = 7.6569678407 m3/h
Differential head, max = 44 m
Diketahui:
Reaksi: C3H4O2 +
Kondisi Operasi: T=
P=
Konversi =
Waktu Tinggal =
- Umpan Recycle
Komponen BM Kg/jam
C3H4O2 72.06 47.295
H2SO4 98.08 355.44
C4H6O2 86.09 914.625
Total Umpan Recycle 1317.36
Total Umpan Masuk dan Recycle 5366.027
- Umpan Keluar
Komponen BM Kg/jam
C3H4O2 72.06 52.55
CH4O 32.04 229.15008
H2SO4 98.08 394.934
C4H6O2 86.09 3076.293
H2O 18.01 1613.095
Total Umpan Keluar 5366.02208
Densitas campuran =
Volume cairan =
1.1667 𝑗𝑎𝑚 𝑥 5311,1167
Volume Cairan = /1001,3813
𝑣= 1/4 𝜋 𝐷^22𝐷+0,000049 𝐷^3
𝑣= 1/4 𝜋 𝐷^22𝐷+0,000049 𝐷^3
262,9716 = 1/4 𝜋 𝐷^22𝐷+0,000049 𝐷^3
262,9716 = 1/4 3,14 𝐷^22𝐷+0,000049 𝐷^3
262,9716 = 1/4 3,14 𝐷^22𝐷+0,000049 𝐷^3
262,9716 = 1/4 6,28 𝐷^3+0,000049 𝐷^3
262,9716 = 1,57 𝐷^3+0,000049 𝐷^3
262,9716 = 1,570049 𝐷^3
𝐷^3= 262,9716/1,570049
D^3 = 167.4927
D= 5.5123
D= 66.1475
D= 1.6801
H= 2xD
H= 132.2949
H= 3.3603
6,2054 = ℎ_𝐶𝑎𝑖𝑟𝑎𝑛 𝑥 (3,14). (1,6801
6,2054
= ℎ_𝐶𝑎𝑖𝑟𝑎𝑛 𝑥
ℎ_𝐶𝑎𝑖𝑟𝑎𝑛 = 2.8003
𝑃_ℎ𝑖𝑑𝑟𝑜𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑠= 𝜌 𝑥 𝑔 𝑥 ℎ_𝐶𝑎𝑖𝑟𝑎𝑛
𝑃_ℎ𝑖𝑑𝑟𝑜𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑠
=
𝑃_ℎ𝑖𝑑𝑟𝑜𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑠 27481.1149
=
𝑃_ℎ𝑖𝑑𝑟𝑜𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑠 3.9858
=
𝑡_𝑠= 18,6858 𝑥 33,0737/(18847,48 𝑥 0,8 −0,6(18,6858))
+0,125
ts = 0.1660 in
Standarisasi dari tabel 5.7 Brownell and young diperoleh data sebag
icr = 4.375
rc = 72
ID = OD - 2 Ts
= 72 −(2 𝑥 0,1875)
= 71.6250
= 5.9688
= 1.8193
H= 2xD
= 2 x 71,6250
= 143.2500
= 11.9375
= 3.6386
𝑡_ℎ= 𝑃 𝑥 𝑟_𝑐 𝑥 𝑊/2 𝑥 𝑓𝐸−0,2 𝑡_ℎ= 𝑃 𝑥 𝑟_𝑐 𝑥 𝑊/2
𝑃+𝐶 𝑃+𝐶
𝑊= 1/4. 3+ √𝑟𝑐/𝑖𝑟𝑐
𝑡_ℎ= 18,6819 𝑥 7
𝑊= 1/4. 3+ √72/4,375 18,6819)+0,125
W= 1.7642 th =
Dari tabel 5.6 Brownell and Young, dipilih th standar ¼ in (0,25 in). B
tabel 5.8 Brownell and Young dipilih nilai sf sebesar 3 in (0,0762m).
𝐼𝐷= 𝑂𝐷 −2𝑡ℎ
= 72 - 2 (0,25) in
= 71.5926 in
= 1.8185 m
𝑎= 𝐼𝐷⁄2
= 71,5926/2 in
= 35.7963 in
= 0.9092 m
𝐴𝐵=𝑎−𝑖𝑟𝑐
= 35,7963 - 4,375 in
= 31.4213
𝐵𝐶= 𝑟𝑐−𝑖𝑟𝑐
= 72 - 4,375 in
= 67.625 in
𝐴𝐶= √𝐵𝐶^2−𝐴𝐵^2
𝐴𝐶= √67,625^2−31,4213^2
= 59.8819 in
𝑏=𝑟𝑐 −𝐴𝐶
= 72 - 59,8819 in
= 12.1181 in
= 0.3078 m
𝐴𝑂=𝑠𝑓+𝑏+𝑡ℎ
= 3 + 12,1180 + 0,2037
= 15.3218 in
= 0.3892 m
𝑉_𝑠𝑓= 𝜋/4𝑥𝐼𝐷^2𝑥𝑆_
𝑓
𝑉_𝑠𝑓= 3,14/4𝑥 1,8161^2𝑥 0,0762
= 0.1978 m^3
𝐴_𝑡= 𝜋/4 𝑥 1,8185^2
= 2.5958 m^3
= 2.1182 m
= 83.3944 in
Sehingga tinggi cairan total dalam reaktor sebelum ada koil adalah:
ℎ_𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙=ℎ_𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑙𝑙+𝑏+𝑆_𝑓
= 2.5022 m
= 98.5124 in
𝐷_𝑒=72+ 72/42+2(3)+2/3(4,375
)
= 82.6310
𝐴_𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙= 𝐴_𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑙𝑙+2𝐴_𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑝 ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑑
𝐴_𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙= 𝐴_𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑙𝑙+2𝐴_𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑝 ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑑
𝐴_𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙= π𝐷𝐻+2𝜋/4𝐷𝑒^2
𝐴_𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙= π(66,0853)(143,25)+2𝜋/4
= 38197.8176
= 24.6437
𝑙𝑜𝑔𝜇 = 𝐴+ 𝐵/𝑇+𝐶𝑇+𝐷𝑇^2
Komponen
C3H4O2
CH4O
H2SO4
H2O
Komponen
C3H4O2
CH4O
H2SO4
H2O
Total
𝜇=0,7750747 𝑐𝑃
𝜇=5,2088 𝑥 10^−4 𝑙𝑏/𝑓𝑡.
𝑠
= 0.00052088
dipilih pengaduk jenis marine propeller with 3 blades and pitch 2Di.P
dilakukan dengan prinsip similaritas menggunakan model sesuai den
nomor 15 halaman 507 dan tabelnya, diperoleh data sebagai berikut
𝐷_𝑡𝐷_𝑖= 3
𝑍_𝑙𝐷_𝑖= 3.9
𝑍_𝑖𝐷_𝑖= 1.3
b. Diameter Pegaduk
𝐷_𝑖=𝐷_𝑡/3
𝐷_𝑖=71,6250/3
= 23.8750
= 0.6064
= 1.9891
= 1.6667
Berdasarkan refrensi Wallas jumlah pengaduk yang dipakai adalah 1
= 2.9139
= 174.8360
𝑅𝑒= 𝜌𝑁𝐷𝑖^2/𝜇
𝑅𝑒= 62,5142 𝑥 2,9139 𝑥1,9891^2/0,0005
𝑅𝑒= 62,5142 𝑥 2,9139 𝑥1,9891^2/0,0005
= 1383709.8440
𝑃= 2,9139^3 𝑥 1,9891^3𝑥 62,5142 𝑥 0,9/32,174
= 1347.3043
= 2.4496
Diambil Hp/1000 gallon = 1.5
𝐻𝑝= 2𝐻𝑝/1000𝑔𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑛𝑥 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝐶𝑎𝑖𝑟𝑎𝑛
𝐻𝑝= (1,5)/1000𝑥 1639,3021
= 2.4590
Co
Tin 30
Tout 45
Fluida Panas F
131 Higher Temp
131 Lower Temp
Δ𝑇_𝐿𝑀𝑇𝐷=Δ_𝑡_2−Δ_𝑡_1/lnΔ_𝑡_
2/Δ_𝑡_1
Δ𝑇_𝐿𝑀𝑇𝐷=Δ_𝑡_2−Δ_𝑡_1/lnΔ_𝑡_
2/Δ_𝑡_1
Δ𝑇_𝐿𝑀𝑇𝐷=45−18/ln45/18
= 29.4666
𝑤𝑐= 300456,17/50,7822 𝑥
27
= 219.1320 Kmol/jam
= 3944.3764 kg/jam
Menghitung kecepatan volumetrik air:
𝑄_𝑣= 𝑚_𝑎𝑖𝑟
/𝜌_𝑎𝑖𝑟
𝑄_𝑣= 3946,56/0,991
= 3982.4016145308 m^2/jam
𝑉_𝑎𝑖𝑟= 𝑚/𝜌𝑥𝜃= 3944,37642/0,99 x 0,00
08
= 3.1874 m^3
𝑉𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑘𝑒𝑡=1,2 𝑥 𝑉𝑎𝑖𝑟
= 3.8248 m^3
Diameter jaket harus bernilai 20% dari nilai diameter reaktor dengan
dan error pada persamaan V2. Hasil trial diameter jaket diperoleh se
2,030033 m. Kemudian mencari nilai V2 sebagai berikut:
𝑉_2= 𝜋/4 𝑥 𝐷𝑗^2𝑥 𝐻_𝑐𝑎𝑖𝑟𝑎𝑛+0,000049
D𝑗^3
𝑉_2= 𝜋/4 𝑥 2,030033^2𝑥 2,1122+0,000049
𝑥 2,030033^3
= 318.6892
= 8.0706 m^3
Mencari nilai V1 sebagai berikut:
𝑉_1= 𝜋/4 𝑥 𝐷𝑗^2𝑥 𝐻_𝑐𝑎𝑖𝑟𝑎𝑛+0,000049
D𝑗^3
𝑉_1= 𝜋/4 𝑥 1,6768^2𝑥 2,1122+0,000049 𝑥 1,6768^3
= 4.6941 m^3
Maka Volume Jacket
𝑉_𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑘𝑒𝑡= 𝑉_2−𝑉_1
𝑉_𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑘𝑒𝑡=8,0706−4,6941
= 3.3765 m^3
CH4O C4H6O2 + H2O
55 C
1 atm
98%
70 menit 1.1666666667 Jam
Kmol/jam
35.8063835692478
1.44714047751249
42.8856117353308
1.55702387562465
0.40266109298532
0.0447529150472
82.1435736657483
Kmol/jam
0.65632805995004
3.62398042414356
10.6240562202346
14.9043647043282
97.0479383700766
Kmol/jam
0.72925339994449
7.152
4.02665171288744
35.7334533627599
89.5666296501943
137.207988125786
lir Volumetrik
A B n Tc
0.34565 0.25822 0.30701 615
0.27197 0.27192 0.2331 512.58
0.42169 0.19356 0.2857 925
0.3471 0.274 0.28571 647.13
1001.38132696522 kg/m3
6.20543480457352 m3
67 𝑗𝑎𝑚 𝑥 5311,1167
1,3813
tegak, maka :
an 5.11) Brownell
𝐻+0,000049 𝐷^3
2𝐷+0,000049 𝐷^3
2𝐷+0,000049 𝐷^3
22𝐷+0,000049 𝐷^3
𝐷^22𝐷+0,000049 𝐷^3
𝐷^22𝐷+0,000049 𝐷^3
𝐷^3+0,000049 𝐷^3
+0,000049 𝐷^3
9 𝐷^3
1,570049
ft = 12 in
in = 0.0254 m
m
in = 0.0254 m
m
nsi pengelasan
𝑛 𝑥 𝜋𝐷^2/4
𝐶𝑎𝑖𝑟𝑎𝑛 𝑥 (3,14). (1,6801)^2/4
2.2160
𝑔 𝑥 ℎ_𝐶𝑎𝑖𝑟𝑎𝑛
Nm^2 = 0.000145038 Psia
Psia
psia
double welded butt joint
% 0.8
in
in
P operasi + P hidrostatis
14,7 + 3,9858
psia
48 𝑥 0,8 −0,6(18,6858))
in
in
0853+(2 𝑥 0,1875)
in
eh sebagai berikut :
in to 0.0254 m
m
(2 𝑥 0,1875)
in to 12 ft
ft 0.0254 m
m
in to 12 ft
ft 0.0254 m
m
d Dished Head
n operasi hingga 15 bar dan harganya cukup ekonomis
n operasi yang sangat tinggi, struktur kuat, dan ukuran yang tersedia
𝑡_ℎ= 𝑃 𝑥 𝑟_𝑐 𝑥 𝑊/2 𝑥 𝑓𝐸−0,2
𝑃+𝐶
𝑡_ℎ= 18,6819 𝑥 72 𝑥 1,7642/2 𝑥 18847,948 𝑥 0,8−0,2(
18,6819)+0,125
0.2037 in
h standar ¼ in (0,25 in). Berdasarkan
sebesar 3 in (0,0762m).
to 0.0254 m
to 0.0254 m
to 0.0254 m
to 0.0254 m
+ vol.flange (vsf)
shed head adalah:
to 0.0283168 m^3
to 39.3701 in
to 39.3701 in
𝑆_𝑓+2/3𝑖𝑐𝑟
(3)+2/3(4,375
in
𝑙+2𝐴_𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑝 ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑑
𝑙+2𝐴_𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑝 ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑑
𝐻+2𝜋/4𝐷𝑒^2
6,0853)(143,25)+2𝜋/482,6310^2
in^2 to 0.00064516 m^2
m^2
atm
C
K
𝑇+𝐶𝑇+𝐷𝑇^2
in
in to 0.0254 m
m to 3.280084 ft
ft
in
in to 0.0254 m
m to 3.280084 ft
ft
/s to 60 /menit
/menit
9139 𝑥1,9891^2/0,00052088
9139 𝑥1,9891^2/0,00052088
lb.ft/s
hp
𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑛𝑥 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝐶𝑎𝑖𝑟𝑎𝑛
000𝑥 1639,3021
Hp
,9375
ft^2
kj/jam
btu/jam
Dik : Ud = 50 btu/ft2
ft^2
g, maka luas selimut dapat mencukupi sebagai luas
digunakan jaket pendingin.
to 18 kg/jam
122+0,000049
+0,000049
22+0,000049 𝑥 1,6768^3
1-T/Tc (-(1-T/Tc)n) p (kg/m3)
0.466666666666667 -0.791373989208165 1009.18893026087
0.360099886846931 -0.788137873516675 759.030713189906
0.645405405405405 -0.882407464722444 1796.02562474614
0.493146662957984 -0.817109389678283 999.709704888645
0.2
Jika diameter jacket 20% dari diameter reaktor maka persamaan V2
Menentukan V2 Menggunakan Goal And Seek
2.0300327