1. What are the electrical systems in the building?

Basic of electricity - Single / Three phase supply, Protective devices in electrical

installations, Earthing for safety, Types of earthing, Types of wires, Wiring systems and their
choice, Planning electrical wiring for building, Main and distribution boards, Transformers and
switchgear, Layout of substations

2. What is the domestic electricity supply?

Domestic electricity supply is usually effected through a distribution system and
described as single and three phases. Normally small buildings are supplied with electricity by
two wires, one phase wire and the other neutral. This is known as single phase supply and gives a
voltage for the premises of 240 volts. The loading of the supply wiring is balanced between the
phases by using the phases in rotation so that each one services every third building.

3. What is the earthing system and its function?

In electricity supply systems, an earthing system or grounding system is circuitry which
connects parts of the electric circuit with the ground, thus defining the electric potential of the
conductors relative to the Earth's conductive surface.
Equipment Earth: Path for fault current, lower touch voltage, protection against electric
shock
Lighting Earth: Low resistance path to diverse the current under lightning attack.
Telecom Earth: Signal Earth, reduce noise and interference, stabilize DC supply voltage
and prevent electric shock
Computer Earth: reduce interference, maintain supply voltages

4. What is the Basic Wiring System?

Wiring in buildings is run either on the surface or canceled in the construction. Surface
wiring is cheaper but its appearance limits its use. The type of wiring system available for use in
buildings are sheathed and conduit. Two or more wires consisting of metal conductors each
having its own inuation is enclosed in a protective sheath known as TRSC tough rubber
sheathed.

5. What are external protection in electrical cables?

• Against mechanical damage or electrochemical attack, fire or any other deleterious
influences external to the cables can be minimized. If certain points are taken in account
• Abrupt bending in cables is not desirable; the bending radius ranges from 12 to 30,
times the diameter..
• Cables should be at least 1 m away from the foundation of the buildings.
• Cables should be at least 0.5 m away from the communication cables
• Whenever a cable crosses a road or railway line, it should be laid in pipes or conduits.

6. What is Information and Communication Technology (ICT)?

 Information and Communications Technology (ICT) is a specialist application of
Information Technology that has some aspects of communication. It includes areas such as;
software development, mobile devices, cloud computing, data centres, cyber security, research
networks, support and so on.

7. What are included in the components of a commercial security system? Give details.
Access control is the selective restriction of access to a particular place, building, room,
resource or installation. To gain access to a restricted location, an individual generally needs to
have authorisation or to be given permission to enter by someone that already has authorisation.
Closed-circuit television, commonly known as CCTV, is a video monitoring system in
which all of the circuits are closed and all of the elements are directly connected. This is unlike
broadcast television where any receiver that is correctly tuned can pick up the signal. CCTV may
employ point to point (P2P), point to multipoint, or wireless links.
Intruder alarms detect attempted intrusion or unauthorised entry into a building, room,
site or secure installation and trigger a response. Well-fitted and maintained intruder alarms can
make organisations and individuals less likely to become victims of burglary, vandalism and
other forms of attack.
Perimeter security can be used to prevent intruders and criminals from penetrating a
defined boundary between land, buildings or parts of buildings and gaining access to protected
people, property or assets. Perimeter security may be created by psychological, physical or
electronic barriers which: Deter, Defend, Detect and Delay.
Fire Detection and Fire Alarm System is a control equipment that utilises detectors,
warning devices and other components to detect fires and provide warning. Most fire detection
and alarm systems operate on the same basic principles. If a fire is detected, then an alarm is
triggered. This warns building managers and occupants that there may be a fire and that
evacuation may be necessary. Some systems include remote signalling equipment which can
alert the fire brigade or a remote monitoring centre.
Integrated systems, or systems integration, is the process of bringing together component
subsystems into one functional system. It provides a system with coherence by making the parts
or components work together, or ‘building or creating a whole from parts’ (Langford, 2013).