PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG VALENZUELA

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

LECTURES FOR FOOTING ON PILES

Piles maybe used when the surface soil layers are too soft to support the loads from the
structure. Piles loads are either transmitted to a stiff bearing layer below the ground surface or
maybe transmitted to the soil by friction along the length of pile.

Modes of failure for a pile cap:

a) Crushing under the column or over the pile.
b) Bursting of the side cover where the pile transfers its load to the pile
cap.
c) Yielding of the tension tie connecting the top of the piles.
d) Anchorage failure of the tension tie.
e) Two-way shear failure.
f) Failure of the compression struts.

Design of pile cap under an eccentric loading or a concentric load is based on the following
assumptions:

1. The cap is perfectly rigid.

2. Pile heads are hinged to the pile cap, therefore no bending moment is transmitted from the
pile cap to the piles.
3. Piles are considered as an elastic column, therefore the deformation andstress distribution
are planar.
4. Pile caps, similar to spread footings, may have pedestals, stepped or sloping tops.
5. Pile caps should be large enough to have a minimum edge distance of 150 mm of concrete
beyond the outside face of the exterior piles.
6. Piles are embedded at least 150 mm in the cap.
7. The reinforcing bars are placed at a clear distance of 75 mm above the pile head.
8. Depth of footing above bottom reinforcement shall not be less than 300 mm for footing on
piles.
9. Under a concentric load, all piles in the same group are assumed to carry equal axial loads.
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COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
10. The soil under the pile cap is not assumed to offer any support.

Criteria for design of caps:

A. Critical section for computing
moment (bending stresses)

Pu
R= (ultimate load per pile)
N

N = No. of piles
M = 3Rx2 + 3Rx1
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COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

Pu
R= N

M = 3Rx1 + 3Rx2
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COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
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B. Critical section for computing shearing stress of footing

Case 1:

Vu = 6R

For one way shear

Vu < Ø Vc
Vu < Ø 0.17 λ √fc ˈ bd

Allowable shear stress:

Va = 0.17 λ √fc ˈ

Actual shear stress:

Vu
V=
Ø 𝐛𝐝
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COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

For two way shear:

Vu < Pu – R
Vu = Ø 0.33 λ √fc ˈ b˳d
bo = (c + d) 4

Allowable shear stress:

Va = 0.33 λ √fc ˈ

Actual shear stress:

Vu
V=
Ø 𝐛˳𝐝

CASE 2: When the critical section for shear is within the pile diameter.
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COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
1. If pile is located at a distance C1 outside from the critical section.

Diameter of pile (Dp) = 300 m

C1 < 150 mm
R R C1
𝑅ˈ = + ( )
2 2 150
1 1 C1
𝑅ˈ = R ( + )
2 2 150
1 1 C1
𝑅ˈ = R ( + )
2 2 300
𝑉𝑢 = 3𝑅 + 𝑅 ˈ

2. If pile located at a distance C1 inside from the critical section.

Diameter of pile (Dp) = 300 m

𝑉𝑢 = 3𝑅 + 𝑅 ˈ
1 C1
Rˈ = R ( − )
2 300
 PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG VALENZUELA
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
3. If pile is located at the critical section.

𝑉𝑢 = 3𝑅 + 𝑅 ˈ
R
Rˈ = 2

Uplift:
When piles are required to resist uplift force in excess of the dead load of the structure, the
following steps must be taken:

1. The piles must be anchored sufficiently into the cap, the cap tied to the column and the
cap designed for the uplift stresses. Timber piles should be embedded in concrete pile
cap for concrete piles, the tension reinforcements must be extended into the pile cap to
develop the bar strength by bond by means of other anchorage and for steel piles, the
reinforcing bars or strap anchors maybe welded to the pile heads and extended into the
cap for embedment.
2. Concrete piles must be reinforced with longitudinal steel for the full net uplift. Splices in
all types of piles should be designed to the full uplift.

The total uplift resistance of a pile group is the smaller of the following
two values:

1. Uplift resistance of a single pile times the number of piles in the group.

2. Uplift resistance of the entire group as a block.

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COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
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1. Uplift resistance of a single pile times the number of piles in the group.
σu = α C P L n (uplift force)
α = adhesion coefficient
P = perimeter of pile
P = πD
L = length of pile
n = number of piles
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COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
2. Uplift resistance of the entire group as a block.

σu = W1 + W2 + W3 + F
W1 = weight of soil above the pile cap.
W2 = weight of pile cap
W3 = weight of block of soil
W3 = (L) (w) h Ys
Ys = average unit weight of soil if there is no water level above the soil.
Or W3 = (L) (w) (Ysat - Yw) h
If the soil is below the water level.
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COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
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F = frictional resistance along the perimeter of the block
F = SP (h + D)
P = perimeter of the block
P (L + w) 2
S = shear resistance in kPa
S= C + σ tan θ
C= cohesion of soil
σ = normal stress on the surface of the block up.
θ = angle of internal friction of the soil
σ = Ys D
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COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

PLATES

A reinforced concrete footing on pile cap, fc' = 20.7 MPa, fy = 276 MPa as shown in the figure is
supported by piles which are 10 m. long.

1. What is the ultimate load per pile in kN if the footing is to be supported by 9 piles?
2. What is the required depth of footing in mm?
3. How many 20 mm round bars are required for this footing (both ways)?
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COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
SEATWORK
A 400 mm square column shown is supported by square footing on 5 piles as shown.
Dimensions are a = 0.75 m., b = 2 m., effective footing depth = 0.6 m.
Ultimate pile capacity = 320 kN.

Column axial loads:

Dead load: D = 420 kN

Live load: L = 360 kN
Earthquake load: E = 210 kN

Column moment, ME due to earthquake

= 160 kN.m

Required strength of the footing is based on:

U = 1.2 D + 1.O E + 1.0 L

1. Compute the critical beam shear stress at ultimate loads.

2. Compute the ultimate punching shear stress.
3. Compute the maximum design moment.