v

B
1. CONSTRAINED MOTION :

Ex.1
1.1 String constraint : A vA=?
When the two object are connected through a string
and if the string have the following properties : Sol. In the above situation block B is moving with velocity
• The length of the string remains constant i.e., it is v. Then speed of each point of the string is v along
inextensible string the string.
• Always remains taut i.e., does not slacks.  speed of the block A is also v
v
Then the parameters of the motion of the objects
B
along the length of the string have a definite relation
v
between them.
A vA=v
Ist format : - (when string is fixed)

A s B v A
VA = 8 m/s

The block B moves with velocity v. i.e. each particle Ex.2 37°
of block B moves with velocity v. vB=? B
If string remain attached to block B it is necessary
that velocity of each particle of string is same = v
(vs = v)
A
Now we can say that Block A also moves with velocity 8 m/s
8 m/s
v.
v v 8 m/s
A B Sol. 37°
vB B
vA = vB = v

: If pulley is fixed then the velocity of all the particles  Block A is moving with velocity 8 ms–1.

of string is same along the string.  velocity of every point on the string must be 8m/s
along the string.

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The real velocity of B is vB. Then the string will not

break only when the compoent of vB along string is 50/3 m/s
8 m/s.
53°
8
 vB cos 37° = 8  vB = = 10 m/sec
cos 37
Ex.4

Ex.3 Find out the velocity of block B in a pulley block A

system as shown in figure.

What is the velocity of block A in the figure as

shown above.

Sol. The component of velocity of ring along string

= velocity of A

53° 37° 50
10 m/s = cos 53 = vA  vA = 10 m/s
A B 3

Sol. In a given pulley block system the velocity of all the

: In the first format only two points of string are
particle of string is let us assume v then.
attached or touched to moving bodies.
IInd format (when pulley is also moving)

v v
vP
53° 37°
10m/s A B
53°
10cos53° vA vB
A B
10 m/s is the real velocity of block A then its
component along string is v.
 10 cos 53° = v ...(1) To understand this format we consider the following
example in which pulley is moving with velocity vp
If vB is the real velocity of block B then it component
and both block have velocity vA & vB respectively
along string is v then
as shwon in figure.
vBcos37° = v ...(2)
If we observe the motion of A and B with respect
to pulley. Then the pulley is at rest. Then from first
v
format.
37°
vAP = – vBP
vB B
(–ve sign indicate the direction of each block is
opposite with respect to Pulley)
from (1) & (2) vB cos37° = 10 cos53° vA – vp = – vB + vP
10  3 / 5 30 15 v A  vB
 vB = =  m / sec
4/5 4 2  vP =
2

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 Constrained Motion | 3

Sol. From 2nd format of constrained motion

:- To solve the problem put the values of vA, vB, &
v A  vB
vP with sign. vE =
2

2–5
vE = = –3/2
2
10 m/s
vP
(If upward direction is taken to be +ve)
vE = –3/2 m/s
Ex.5 vE  vF –3 / 2  vF
Now = 7 m/s  7=
A v=?
A
2 2
31
 14 + 3/2 = vF  vF =
B 2

v C  vD 8  vD 31
v A  vB Now = vF  =  vD
Sol. vP = 2 2 2
2
= 31 – 8
Putting vp = 10 ms–1, vB = 0,
vD = 23 m/s (upward direction)
we get
vA = 20 ms–1 (upward direction)

B C

vP= 10m/s D

E
Ex.6 Ex.8 G
m
A H F
5m/s
A B v=?
B
10 m/sec

Sol. If we take upward direction as +ve then

Find the velocity of point G.
–5  vB
10 =
2
Sol. In string ABCD from first format of constrain
vB = 25 m/sec (in upward direction) VD = 10 m/s
v H  vE
Now vD =
7 m/s 2
vH = 10 m/s  if upward direction is taken to be
positive
E F 10  vE
+ 10 =  vE = 30 m/s 
8m/s

2
v  vG –10  v G
Ex.7 Now F = vE  30 =
2 2
2m/s A B C D
60 + 10 = vG
5m/s

vG = 70 m/s
Find out the velocity of Block D
: In IInd format three or four Points of the string is

attached to the moving bodies.

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III format : Let us assume C is moving upward with velocity vc

so vc negative because it decreasing the length
SOLVING STRATEGY :  5 + 5 + 2 + 2 – vc = 0
1. First choose the longest string in the given problem
vC = 14 m/sec (upward)
which contains the point of which velocity/
acceleration to be find out.
Ex.10
4m/s
2. Now mark a point on the string wherever it comes F
in contact or leaves the contact of real bodies.

3. If due to motion of a point, length of the part of a

c  2m / sec
string with point is related, increases then its speed
will be taken +ve otherwise –ve.
E
8m / s A B  2m / s
1 m / s D

A
I Find out the velocity of block E as shown in
D E H
figure.
J Sol.
C vC=?
Step-1 We first choose the longest string in which point j
Ex.9 B C F G (block E) lie. (abcdefghij)
5m/s
A B 2m/s 4m/s
c d F
b e
x
Sol.
a h y
Step 1. We choose a longest string ABCDEFGHIJ in which i
c  2m / s
we have to find out velocity of point J (vc) k
j
Step 2. Mark all the point A, B ................ f g E
8m / s  A B  2m / s
Step 3. Write equation 1m / s  D z
vA + vB + vC + vD + vE + vF + vG + vH + vI + vJ = 0
Step 2 : Now write equation according to the velocity of
vA = vD = vE = vH = vI = 0 each point (either increase or decrease the length)
(No movement of that point because attached to va + vb + vc + vd + ve + vf + vg + vh + vi + vj= 0 ...(1)
fixed objects) Now find value of va, vb ..... in a following way
 vB + vc + vF + vG + vJ = 0 ...(1) v A  vB
vk = (from second format)
vB = vC = 5 m/s (increases the length) 2
8–2
vF = vG = 2m/s = = 3 m/sec. (upward)
2
(It also increases the length)
vK  vC
va = (from 2nd format)
2

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 Constrained Motion | 5

32 Sol.
= = 5/2 m/sec. (upward)
2 Step 1. Mark the points on the string which is attached to
vx = 4m/s (from first format of constrain) the real object (e.f,g,h)
vy  vz
from 2nd format of constrain vx =
2
 vz = 0 (fixed) e f
g
 vy = 2 vx = 8 m/s (upward)
h
 Now va = – 5/2 m/s (decreases the length) b
A a
vb = vc = vd = ve = 0 (attached to fixed object) B

vf = vg = 1m/s (increases the length)
vh = vi = vy = 8 m/s (increase the length)
Let us assume block E move upward then vj = – vE
(decrease the length)
b cos 
Puting the above values in eq. (1) b f

 –5/2 + 1 + 1 + 8 + 8 – vE = 0 b  g

bc
vE = 31/2 m/s (upward)

os

 h
b
: In the following figure pulley is moving with velocity a

v at an angle  with the horizontal.

Step 2. Acceleration of each point which are responsible to
effect the length of string
v sin 
v ae = 0 (because it is attached to fixed object)
v
A B af = –b (attach to pulley which is moving with
A B
  wedge's acceleration & –ve because it decreases
C C v cos  the length)
ag = b cos  (only this component is responsible to
D D effect the length of string)
ah = (a – b cos ) (resultant velocity at point h along
Only v cos  is responsible to increase or decrease the string)
the length AB and v sin  is responsible to either So now from 3rd format
decrease or increase the length CD. ae + af + ag + ah = 0
* Further solving strategy is same as 3rd format  0 + (–b) + b cos  + (a – b cos ) = 0
a–b=0
Ex.11 Find out the relation between acceleration a and
 a=b
b as shown in following figure.

b
A a
B


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2. WEDGE CONSTRAINT : Ex.12 Find the relation between velocity of rod and
Conditions : that of the wedge at any instant in the figure
(i) Contact must not be lost between two bodies. shown.
(ii) Bodies are rigid.
The relative velocity / acceleration perpendicular
to the contact surface of the two rigid object is
always zero. Wedge constraint is applicable for each
contact. v
 u

v3 Sol. Using wedge constraint.

v1
Component of velocity of rod along perpendicular
v3 v 1 sin 
v2 to inclined surface is equal to velocity of wedge

Contact along that direction.
Plane u cos  = v sin 
v 3  v 1 sin 

u
 tan
In other words, v

Components of velocity and acceleration u = v tan 

perpendicular to the contact surface of the two
objects is always equal if there is no deformation
and they remain in contact.

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