10

TLE-Carpentry
Quarter 1 – Module 5:
Identifying Wood Properties and
Wood Defects
TLE - Carpentry – Grade 10
Self-Learning Module (SLM)
Quarter 1 – Module 5: Identifying Wood Properties and Wood Defects
First Edition, 2020

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work
of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or
office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit.
Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of
royalties.

Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names,
trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders.
Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from
their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim
ownership over them.

Development Team of the Module

Writers: Lino S. Gayanilo Jr.
Edmundo V. Gargaran
Editors: Angeli V. Ganayo
Noemy Rose F. Declaro
Reviewers: Salvador F. Movilla, Mary Grace B. Leysa
Illustrator: Lino S. Gayanilo Jr.
Layout Artist: Hazel Jade G. Nieva
Cover Art Designer: Reggie D. Galindez
Management Team: Allan G. Farnazo, CESO IV – Regional Director
Fiel Y. Almendra, CESO V – Assistant Regional Director
Leonardo M. Balala- Schools Division Superintendent
Gilbert B. Barrera – Chief, CLMD
Arturo D. Tingson Jr. – REPS, LRMS
Peter Van C. Ang-ug – REPS, ADM
Gilda Orendain- REPS, EPP/TLE
Ismael M. Ambalgan- Chief, CID
Sheryl L. Osano- EPS, LRMS
Josevic F. Hurtada- EPS, ADM Coordinator
Arnulfo D. Dinero – EPS, EPP/TLE

Printed in the Philippines by Department of Education – SOCCSKSARGEN Region

Office Address: Regional Center, Brgy. Carpenter Hill, City of Koronadal

Telefax: (083) 2288825/ (083) 2281893
E-mail Address: region12@deped.gov.ph
 10
TLE Carpentry
Quarter 1 – Module 5:
Identifying Wood Properties and
Wood Defects
Introductory Message
For the Facilitator:

Welcome to the TLE-Carpentry 10 Self-Learning Module (SLM) on Wood

Properties and Wood Defects!

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators

both from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator in
helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while
overcoming their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help
learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration
their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of
the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies
that will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module.
You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to
manage their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist
the learners as they do the tasks included in the module.

ii
For the Learner:

Welcome to the TLE-Carpentry 10 Self-Learning Module (SLM) on Wood

Properties and Wood Defects!

The hand is one of the most symbolized parts of the human body. It is often used to
depict skill, action and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create and
accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a
learner is capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant
competencies and skills at your own pace and time. Your academic success lies in
your own hands!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities
for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be
enabled to process the contents of the learning resource while being an active
learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

What I Need to Know This will give you an idea of the skills or
competencies you are expected to learn in
the module.

What I Know This part includes an activity that aims to

check what you already know about the
lesson to take. If you get all the answers
correct (100%), you may decide to skip this
module.

What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you link

the current lesson with the previous one.

What’s New In this portion, the new lesson will be

introduced to you in various ways such as a
story, a song, a poem, a problem opener, an
activity or a situation.

What is It This section provides a brief discussion of

the lesson. This aims to help you discover
and understand new concepts and skills.

What’s More This comprises activities for independent

practice to solidify your understanding and
skills of the topic. You may check the
answers to the exercises using the Answer
Key at the end of the module.

What I Have Learned This includes questions or blank

sentence/paragraph to be filled in to process
what you learned from the lesson.

What I Can Do This section provides an activity which will

help you transfer your new knowledge or

iii
 skill into real life situations or concerns.

Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate your

level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.

Additional Activities In this portion, another activity will be given

to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of
the lesson learned. This also tends retention
of learned concepts.

Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the

module.

At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in

developing this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of
the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your
answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are
not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning
and gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

iv
 What I Need to Know

This is another learning opportunity to explore, future carpenter! Are you

excited to have your carpentry skills improved? Well, be inspired because you will
be expecting activities to learn and enjoy at the same time. Welcome to the First
Quarter Module 5 on Identifying Wood Properties and Wood Defects.

Have you tried observing the physical appearance of lumbers? Perhaps, you
are aware that there are several physical features of wood. If not, it is a good
chance for you to learn new things.

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. Identify the wood properties and wood defects; and
2. Select the best wood physical feature needed for installing formwork
components.
(TLE_1ACP10-Iaj-1)

Are you now ready to face the tests on What I Know? Good luck!

1
 What I Know

This time, you will be tested how far you can recall your prior knowledge
before exploring the new topic. Get ready with your ballpoint pen and test yourself
with the questions you are yet to discover in this module. The use of context clues
may help you answer the questions.
Pre-Test
Directions: Read each question comprehensively. Write the letter of your choice on
your activity notebook.
1. Which of the following wood properties occurs when wood loses moisture
below the fiber saturation point?
a. shrinkage c. moisture content
b. permeability d. mass
2. Which of the following refers to the ratio of the mass of water contained in
the mass of the same sample of dry wood?
a. shrinkage c. moisture content
b. permeability d. mass
3. Which of the following phrases correctly defines pitch as a wood defect?
a. colored stain on wood surface c. knot fixed by growth
b. overheating by machine d. accumulation of resinous material
4. Which of the following refers to the relationship between wood’s resistance to
deformation under an applied stress and the wood’s ability to regain its
original dimension when the stress is removed?
a. strength c. shrinkage
b. elasticity d. moisture content
5. Which of the following belongs to the physical properties of wood?
a. vibration c. elasticity
b. mass d. none of the choices
6. Which of the following statements describes the adverse effect of using
defective woods on the assembling process?
a. It follows the layout correctly. c. It strengthens the foundation.
b. It causes unnecessary failure. d. options a and c
7. Which of the following refers to the darkening of the wood due to the
overheating by the machine knives or rolls?
a. machine burn c. split
b. blue stain d. wood pitch
8. Which of the following refers to the knot fixed by growth or in position in the
wood structure so that it firmly retains its place in the surrounding wood?
a. loose knot c. tight knot
b. wood bore d. none of the choices

2
9. Which of the following types of wood defect refers to the holes in the wood
caused by insects and beetles?
a. wood bore c. pitch
b. split d. wane
10. Which of the following wood structure descriptions is/are considered
defective?
a. curve irregular edges c. crack surfaces
b. lost wood part in the corner d. all of the choices
11. Which of the following refers to the warping in lumber where ends twist in
opposite directions?
a. crook c. twist
b. wane d. split
12. Which of the following refers to the longitudinal separation of the fibers
which extends to the opposite end of a sawn timber?
a. crook c. twist
b. wane d. split
13. Which of the following types of wood defect refers to the crack in the wood
structure, running lengthwise usually caused by rapid seasoning?
a. burn c. twist
b. checking d. split
14. Which of the following refers to the discoloration that penetrates the wood
fiber?
a. blue stain c. machine burn
b. wood bore d. tight knot
15. Which of the following statements depicts the failure of selecting good wood
condition and its effect on the installation of formworks?
a. Straight-edged lumbers create firm structure.
b. Properly cut lumber creates strong foundation.
c. Lumbers without cracks are good enough for assembling.
d. Twisted wood produces irregular alignment of formworks.

3
 What’s In

Have a pleasant day again, future carpenter! How is your module learning
going? Were you able to familiarize yourself with the use and specification of power
tool in your previous lesson? Let’s see how far you can recall them. Do the activity
below.

Activity 1: Dos and Don’ts!

Directions: Read each item comprehensively. Decide whether each statement

should be done or not. Check (✓) the corresponding for your answer.
Statement Do Don’t
1. Prior to operation, the circular saw should be
connected to any power supplies of different voltages
other than indicated on the nameplate.
2. Prior to operation, ensure that the switch is ON
position.
3. Should the saw blade be stopped or make an abnormal
noise during operation, turn off the switch immediately.
4. When using the device, keep the working areas dark or
cluttered to avoid accidents.
5. When you use the tool, make certain that you wear eye
protection.
6. Look for the chart maintenance in the instructional
manual if you want to see the schedule of maintenance
routine to check/replace/repair parts of the circular saw.

7. Skip reading the assembly instruction prior to using

the power tool.

8. Disregard safety instructions because portable circular

saw is already user-friendly and hazard-free.

9. When the working area is far away from the power

source, stretch the product cord or use an extension cord
of any thickness and any rated capacity.

10. You may skip reading the power tool instructional

manual of specifications to avoid hassle and save time.

4
Lesson Identifying Wood
Properties and Wood
1 Defects

How are you today? Welcome to the new learning opportunity. Can you
recall your Module 4 learning? For sure you learned a lot. In this lesson, you will
get yourself acquainted with identifying wood properties and wood defects.

You will also be guided in distinguishing best wood features as a

requirement for good formwork components and other construction-related
activities. Any construction materials like wood should be considered in order to
secure the strength and firmness of the building like house, school and the like.
Have you seen some physical properties and structures of wood? Have you seen
some defects on the wood being prepared in some construction firms? What should
be considered in selecting wood? How can knowing the wood properties help you in
installing formwork components? You are yet to be honed properly, right? Don’t
worry because this module offers various concepts that you will surely learn and
appreciate.

Notes to the Teacher

Being the teacher-facilitator, you are to refresh your learners
about the previous lessons and modules. This will motivate them
to recall stock knowledge they have earned. In this module, they
are expected to focus on wood, its properties and probable
defects. Give them the assurance that they can make it.

5
 What’s New

Hep, hep! Can you recall the wood appearance the last time you visited the
construction site? How does it look? Can you easily guess whether the wood
physical structure is defective or not? This time, you will be given a learning
opportunity on identifying wood defects.

Activity 2: Defective or Good?

Directions: Each situation describes the physical appearance or structure of wood.

Identify whether each item is defective or good. Check (✓) the column thar
corresponds to your answer. Write your answer on your Activity Notebook.

Statement Defective Good

1. John bought a lumber with visible holes caused
by insects and beetles.
2. The carpenter carries the lumber with edges
straightly cut.
3. The man delivers the twisted wood flipping in
the opposite directions
4. The wood bought by Mark had a curve from end
to end.
5. Kurt brought the lumber without longitudinal
separation of the fibers.
6. Raphael carries a lumber with a machine burn
on its surface.
7. The lumber sold by the supplier has a resinous
material on the surface and in the pockets below
the wood surface.
8. Daniel sold a lumber without a dead branch; it
was fully integrated into the tree before cutting
down
9. The lumber brought by Mr. Lore had visible fine
fibers and smooth texture.
10. Miguel prepares a lumber with irregular edges
and very rough surfaces

How did you find the ACTIVITY 2 so far? Were you able to assess whether
each statement about wood physical feature is defective or not? Do you now have at
least a basic idea on selecting wood physical structure? If yes, you have that
hidden skills to be honed. Are you now ready for the What is It moment? Good
luck!

6
 What is It

A blessed day to you! How are you? In this lesson, you are now ready to
identify the wood properties and wood defects.

Identifying the Wood Properties and Wood Defects

In the construction of formworks, wood is the most important material

needed. You will be selecting the appropriate lumber for every part of the forms.
You also need to learn how to identify the wood defects which may cause
unnecessary failures in the assembling process.

Properties of Wood

There are two basic properties of wood: the physical and mechanical
properties. Physical properties refer to the quantitative characteristics of wood
and its behavior to external influences other than applied forces. It includes the
density and moisture relations that affect its use. Mechanical properties, on the
other hand, refer to the strength characteristic of wood. It includes the
characteristics of a material in response to externally applied force.

A. Physical Properties

• Moisture content is the ratio of the mass of water contained in the mass of
the same sample of dry wood.
• Shrinkage occurs when wood loses moisture below the fiber saturation
point.
• Density of wood is defined as the mass per unit volume at some specified
condition. It can be determined by the amount of cell wall substance and the
volume of voids by the cell cavities (lumens) of the fibers.
• Permeability is influenced by the anatomy of the wood cells.
• Mass properties of wood are conductivity, heat and coefficient of thermal
expansion.

B. Mechanical Properties

• Elasticity of wood depends on grain orientation, moisture, species,

temperature, and rate of loading. It relates to the wood resistance to
deformation under an applied stress to its ability to regain its original
dimension when that stress is removed.
• Strength is dependent upon rate of loading, species, moisture, contents,
orientation, temperature, size and location of natural characteristics such as
knots and specimen size. Strength properties describe the ultimate
resistance of a material to applied loads.

7
 Wood Defect

Wood defects refer to the flaws in wood that impair its properties and limit
its possible use. The defects may affect the wood’s strength, appearance, and
durability. The following are the types of wood defect:

Bow refers to a curve along the face of a lumber that

usually runs from end to end.

Cupping refers to the warping along the face of a

board. This often occurs when one side dries faster
than the other.

Checking refers to a crack in the wood structure of a

piece, running lengthwise usually caused by rapid
seasoning.

Split refers to a longitudinal separation of the fibers

which extends to the opposite face of a sawn timber.

Crook refers to the warping along the edge from end

to the other. This is most common in wood that was
cut from the center of the tree near the pith.

8
Twist refers the warping in lumber where the ends
twist in opposite directions.

Wane refers to the presence of bark or absence of

wood on corners of a piece of lumber.

Blue Stain refers to the discoloration that penetrates

the wood fiber. It can be any color other than the
natural color of the piece in which it is found. It is
classified as light, medium or heavy and is generally
blue or brown.

Machine Burn refers to the darkening of the wood

due to overheating by the machine knives or rolls
when pieces are stopped in a machine.

Pitch is an accumulation of resinous material on the

surface or in pockets below the surface of wood. It is
also called gum or sap.

9
Loose Knot cannot be relied upon to remain in place
in the piece. It is caused by a dead branch that was
not fully integrated into the tree before it was cut
down.

Tight Knot refers to a knot fixed by growth or

position in the wood structure so that it firmly retains
its place in the surrounding wood.

Wood Bores are the holes in the wood caused by

insects and beetles.

Are you now familiar with wood properties and wood defects? Can you now
distinguish whether a wood is defective or not? If yes, you are in the right track.
Get yourself ready because you will be supplemented more with fun activities for
you to learn comprehensively the topic presented. It is now the time to move on to
What’s More activity. Have fun while learning better!

10
 What’s More

Hello! This time, you will be assessing the defect of each wood presented in
each item. This will help you master the wood defects, hence, vital in selecting and
considering the physical look of lumbers you need in assembling processes. Get
ready!

Activity 3: Reject Me Not!

Directions: Study the illustration presented in each item. In the first column are
the illustrations of lumber; and in the second column, you need to write the type of
wood defect you observe in the first column. Write your answers on your Activity
Notebook.

Lumber Type of Wood Defect

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

11
 6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

Job well done, learner! You are now getting nearer into deepening your skills
in identifying the wood defects. This time, be excited of the next activity ahead of
you. Let us see if you have already the clear ability about wood properties.

Also, congratulations because you are about to finish your Module 5! Get
ready with your ideas because you will be tested again for another challenging
activity.

12
 What I Have Learned

Reach for more!

With the next activity, you will be acquainted with what to consider when
selecting good lumbers for assembling process. For instance, you might avoid
buying lumbers with much of shrinkage visibility, or you might want to consider
the strength of wood so to avoid those that could easily be broken.

Activity 4: Complete the Table!

Direction: The table below has columns for the Wood Property, Physical or
Mechanical Property, and the Definition. Each row contains one to two blanks for
you to supply with words or phrase to complete the thought. Read and think
carefully. Write your answer on your Activity Notebook. Good luck!

Physical or Mechanical
No. Wood Property Definition
Property?
Occurs when wood loses
1 Shrinkage Physical Property (1)_______________ below the
fiber saturation point.
Refers to the (2)
________________
2 Moisture content Physical Property ______________________
contained in the mass of the
same sample of dry wood.
It describes the ultimate
4 (3) _____________ Mechanical Property resistance of a material to
applied loads.
It is defined as the mass per
4 Density (4) __________________ unit volume at some specified
condition.
Influenced by the anatomy of
5 Permeability (5) __________________
wood cells
Depends on the conductivity,
(6) ____________
6 Physical Property heat and coefficient of thermal
expansion
It relates to the wood
resistance to (7)
___________________ under an
7-8 Elasticity Mechanical Property applied stress to its ability to
regain its
(8)___________________ when
that stress is removed.

Since you are about to reach the Mastery Level on the identification of wood
properties and wood defects, you are getting nearer to becoming a skilled carpenter.
This time, get ready of the next activity ahead of you.

13
 What I Can Do

Hello, future carpenter! You are done identifying the wood properties and
wood defects you need for selecting best wood physical structures in order to avoid
failures in installing formworks as much as possible. This time, prove what you can
do by doing the next activity.
Have you tried comparing the physical look of two lumbers? Were you able to
properly assess whether or not the wood is in good condition? With this activity, get
yourself ready with skill in observing the wood’s physical structure. Hang in there!

Activity 5: Compare the Lumber

Directions: Below are the two illustrations of lumber that you need to take a look.
Observe and compare them carefully. After observing each of them, list down in
Venn Diagram the three (3) phrases that describe Lumber A that cannot be seen in
Lumber B; three (3) phrases that describe Lumber B that cannot be observed in
Lumber A; and three (3) phrases that are common for both Lumber A and Lumber
B. Write your answer on your Activity Notebook.

Lumber A Lumber B
(Narra Wood) (Narra Wood)

Venn Diagram
Lumber A: Lumber B:

Both:

14
 Congratulations! You are about to finish your Quarter 1Module 5!

Assessment

How are you? Are you still enjoying your Module? If not, feel free to tell your
teacher. But, if yes, congratulations to you! You are still eager to learn despite this
new normal situation. Assess yourself now how much you have learned from the
previous activities. Good luck and God bless you upon answering your Assessment
Activity.

Post-Test
Directions: Read each question comprehensively. Write the letter of your choice on
your Activity Notebook.
1. Which of the following belongs to the physical properties of wood?
a. strength c. elasticity
b. mass d. none of the choices
2. Which of the following statements describes the adverse effect of using
defective woods on the assembling process?
a. It follows the layout correctly. c. It strengthens the foundation.
b. It causes unnecessary failure. d. options a and c
3. Which of the following refers to the darkening of the wood due to the
overheating by the machine knives or rolls?
a. blue stain c. split
b. machine burn d. wood pitch
4. Which of the following refers to the knot fixed by growth or in position in the
wood structure so that it firmly retains its place in the surrounding wood?
a. loose knot c. tight knot
b. wood bore d. none of the choices
5. Which of the following wood properties occurs when wood loses moisture
below the fiber saturation point?
a. shrinkage c. moisture content
b. permeability d. mass
6. Which of the following refers to the ratio of the mass of water contained in
the mass of the same sample of dry wood?
a. shrinkage c. moisture content
b. permeability d. mass
7. Which of the following phrases correctly defines pitch as a wood defect?
a. colored stain on wood surface c. knot fixed by growth
b. overheating by machine d. accumulation of resinous material
8. Which of the following refers to the relationship between wood’s resistance to
deformation under an applied stress and the wood’s ability to regain its
original dimension when the stress is removed?
a. strength c. shrinkage
b. moisture content d. elasticity

15
9. Which of the following types of wood defect refers to the holes in the wood
caused by insects and beetles?
a. wood bore c. pitch
b. split d. wane
10. Which of the following wood structure descriptions is/are considered
defective?
a. curve irregular edges c. crack surfaces
b. lost wood part in the corner d. all of the choices
11. Which of the following types of wood defect refers to the crack in the wood
structure, running lengthwise usually caused by rapid seasoning?
a. burn c. twist
b. checking d. split
12. Which of the following refers to the discoloration that penetrates the wood
fiber?
a. blue stain c. machine burn
b. wood bore d. tight knot
13. Which of the following statements depicts the failure of selecting good wood
condition and its effect on the installation of formworks?
a. Straight-edged lumbers create firm structure.
b. Properly cut lumber creates strong foundation.
c. Twisted wood produces irregular alignment of formworks.
d. Lumbers without cracks are good enough for assembling.
14. Which of the following refers to the warping in lumber where ends twist in
opposite directions?
a. crook c. twist
b. wane d. split
15. Which of the following refers to the longitudinal separation of the fibers
which extends to the opposite end of a sawn timber?
a. crook c. twist
b. wane d. split

16
 Additional Activities

You want more activities? Try this one to measure as to what extent you
have mastered the lesson.

Activity 6: Collect and Fasten

Directions: Collect at least five (5) wood cuts with different wood defects. Fasten it
on a board and label. Submit it to your teacher for checking together with your
activity sheets.

17
 18
What I Know: What’s In: What’s More:
1. A 1. Don’t
2. C 2. Don’t
3. D 3. Do 1. Wood Bores
4. B 4. Don’t 2. Crook
5. B 5. Do
3. Loose Knot
6. B 6. Do
7. Don’t 4. Twist
7. A
8. Don’t 5. Machine Burn
8. C
9. A 9. Don’t 6. Bow
10. D 10. Don’t 7. Split
11. C What’s New: 8. Blue Stain
12. D 1. Defective 9. Cupping
13. B 2. Good 10. Wane
14. A 3. Defective
15. D 4. Defective
5. Good
6. Defective
7. Defective
8. Good
9. Good
10. Defective
What I Have What I Can Do: Assessment
Learned: 1. B
2. B
1. moisture Possible Answers 3. B
2. ratio of the mass of (Answers may vary): 4. C
water Lumber A: straightly-cut edge; 5. A
3. strength smooth surface; 6. C
4. physical property unstained surface 7. D
5. physical property Lumber B: right edge with wane 8. D
6. mass defect; 9. A
7. deformation with crack and split; 10. D
8. original dimension surface with tight knot and 11. B
bores 12. A
Both: the same length; 13. C
the same wood type; 14. C
the same width 15. D
Answer Key
References

Blanco, Jr., Antonio, & Verano, Roderick C., 2018. Department of Education:
Bureau of Learning Resources (DepEd-BLR)

Technology and Livelihood Education Learning Module: Carpentry Exploratory

Course Grade 7 & 8. Department of Education

MicroMain Corp (2020). What is Preventive Maintenance? JDM Technology Group

Gershenfeld, et.al (2004). Preventive Maintenance Principles. ESD.60 Lean Six

Sigma Systems, LFM, MIT.

Properties of Wood and Structural Wood Products. (n.d.). Retrieved from

http://www.dot.state.mn.us

The Technical Education and Skills Development Authority (TESDA). Training

Regulations/ Carpentry NC II, Civil Works (Construction Sector).

(Technology and Livelihood Education Module 2, Learner`s Material II Carpentry,

First Edition, 2018)

19
 DISCLAIMER
This Self-learning Module (SLM) was developed by DepEd
SOCCSKSARGEN with the primary objective of preparing for and addressing
the new normal. Contents of this module were based on DepEd’s Most
Essential Learning Competencies (MELC). This is a supplementary material
to be used by all learners of Region XII in all public schools beginning SY
2020-2021. The process of LR development was observed in the production
of this module. This is version 1.0. We highly encourage feedback,
comments, and recommendations.

For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – SOCCSKSARGEN

Learning Resource Management System (LRMS)

Regional Center, Brgy. Carpenter Hill, City of Koronadal

Telefax No.: (083) 2288825/ (083) 2281893

Email Address: region12@deped.gov.ph