Professional Documents
Culture Documents
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კვლევაზე უფრო მეტ ინფორმაციას აქ ნახავ: www.newgeneralservicelist.org
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სიტყვები დალაგებულია გამოყენების სიხშირის მიხედვით;
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სიტყვები მოცემულია ინგლისური განმარტებებით;
სიტყვები წარმოდგენილია იმ განმარტებებით, რომელი მნიშვნელობითაც
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ხშირად გამოიყენება ყოველდღიურ ინგლისურში;
სიტყვების უფრო დეტალური განმარტებებისთვის და მათი შესაბამისი ფრაზებისთვის და
მაგალითებისთვის გირჩევთ კემბრიჯის და ოქსფორდის ონლაინ ლექსიკონებს:
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www.dictionary.cambridge.org | www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com
სიტყვების სწავლაში დაგეხმარება მობილური აპლიკაცია, რომელსაც ჰქვია NGSL Builder.
28 his belonging to or relating to a male who has already been talked about
43 her used to refer to a female who has already been talked about
48 their belonging to or relating to a group that have already been talked about
65 our belonging to or relating to the person who is speaking and one or more other
people
68 them a group of people, animals, or things that have already been talked about
86 its belonging to or relating to the thing that has already been talked about
108 us the person who is speaking or writing and one or more other people
120 yes used to give a positive answer or reply to a question, request, or offer
123 through into one side and out of the other side
127 lot a small piece of land that is or could be used for building something or for some
other purpose
143 number a word or symbol that stands for a specific amount or quantity
154 point an idea that you try to make others accept or understand
172 week a period of seven days, starts on Sunday and end on Saturday
204 friend a person who you like and enjoy being with
213 run to move with your legs at a speed that is faster than walking
215 early at or near the beginning of time, done before the expected time
228 thank to tell (someone) that you are grateful for something that he or she has done or
given
251 today this day, this present day, at the present time
254 plan a set of actions as a way to do, detailed proposal for doing
261 face the front part of a person’s head, the surface of a thing
263 room a space that can be occupied which has its own floor and ceiling
267 car a vehicle with four wheels and engine that can carry things
271 actually used when you are saying what is the truth of a situation
280 until up to, to indicate the point in time when a particular situation
285 night the period of time of darkness between sunset and sunrise
287 sure completely confident of being right, not having any doubt
288 sort a group of people or things that have some shared quality
307 price the amount of money that you pay for something or that something costs
320 anything a thing of any kind, used to refer to a thing, no matter what
328 party an organization of people who have the same political beliefs
332 eye the part of the body that you see with
340 development when someone or something grows or changes and becomes more advanced
349 language the system of words or signs that people use to express thoughts and feelings to
each other
355 water the clear liquid which forms the seas, rivers and rain
369 mind the part of person that enables us to think, feel, and reason
380 class a group of students who often meet and are taught together
394 laugh to show that you are happy or that you think something is funny by smiling and
making a sound from your throat
398 shop a building or room where goods and services are sold
399 security the things that are done to keep someone or something safe
408 half one of two equal parts something can be divided into
416 music the art of making sounds that are sung or played
421 computer an electronic machine that can store and process large amounts of information
430 black having the very dark color of coal or the night sky
445 film movie or a special material that is used for taking photographs
464 paper the material that is used in the form of thin sheets for writing
470 choose to decide that a particular person or thing is the one that you want
477 special different from what is usual, better or greater than normal
479 phone a communication system that is used to talk to someone who is in another place
487 decision a choice that you make about something after thinking about it
515 investment the money that you put in a bank, business, etc. in order to make a profit
518 site the place where something is, was, or will be located
521 claim to say something is true when others may not agree
522 step moving by lifting a foot and putting it down in a different place
523 patient able to remain calm and not become annoyed when waiting for a long time or
when dealing with problems or difficult people
524 true agreeing with the facts, not false, real or actual
529 organization an official group of people who work together for the same purpose
535 finally after a long time or some difficulty; the last point or idea
545 death the end of life, the fact of dying, being killed
548 sign something which shows that something else exists, is true, or will happen
550 news new information or a report about something that has happened recently
551 risk the possibility that something bad or unpleasant (such as an injury or a loss) will
happen
558 sport a contest or game in which people do certain physical activities according to a
specific set of rules and compete against each other
559 road a hard flat surface for people or vehicles can use
564 likely used to indicate the chance that something will happen
568 performance an activity (such as singing a song or acting in a play) that a person or group
does to entertain an audience
570 certainly used to emphasize something and show that there is no doubt about it; used to
agree to a request
574 arrive to come to or reach a place after traveling, being sent, etc.
575 employee a person who works for another person or for a company for wages or a salary
590 evidence something that makes you believe that something is true or exists
592 listen to pay attention to someone or something in order to hear what is being said,
sung, played, etc.
600 former used to say what someone or something was in the past
602 instead used to say that one thing is done or is chosen when another is not chosen
605 address the words and numbers that are used to describe the location of a building and
that are written on letters, envelopes, and packages so that they can be mailed
to that location
608 arm each of the two long body parts from shoulder to the hand
611 mention to talk about, write about, or refer to (something or someone) especially in a
brief way
613 contact the state or condition where two things are touching
614 response an answer or reaction to something that has been said or done
615 demand forcefully saying that something must be done or given to you
624 suppose to think of something as happening or being true in order to imagine what might
happen
643 park a piece of public land in or near a city that can be used for pleasure and exercise
644 whose used in questions to ask who owns something, has something, etc.
645 knowledge information, understanding, or skill that you get from experience or education
648 court a formal legal meeting place that judges about crimes
649 bank the higher ground that is along the edge of a river, stream, etc.
650 article a piece of writing about a particular subject that is included in a magazine,
newspaper, etc.
652 management the people who are in control of an office, shop, team, etc.
663 fire the light, heat and the flame produced by burning something
665 heart the organ in your chest that pumps blood through your body
667 police the people or the department of people who enforce laws, investigate crimes,
and make arrests
668 recent happening or beginning not long ago, close to the present
672 page one side of a sheet of paper especially in a book, magazine, etc.
675 establish to set or create something that last for a long time
698 summer the warmest season of the year that is after spring and before autumn
702 average a number that is calculated by adding quantities together and then dividing the
total by the number of quantities
707 production the process of making or growing something for sale or use
712 cent a unit of money that is equal to 1/100 of the basic unit of money
713 race one of the groups that people can be divided into based on certain physical
qualities (such as skin color)
716 smile an expression on your face that shows happiness, amusement or pleasure
717 skill the ability to do something that comes from training, experience, or practice
725 key a device that is used to open a lock or start an automobile ◊The usual type of
key is a small metal object that you insert into a narrow opening and turn.
727 hit to move your hand, a bat, etc., quickly so that it touches someone or something
in a forceful or violent way
729 plant a living thing that grows in the ground such as a tree or flower
731 election the act or process of choosing someone for a public office by voting
732 director a person who manages an organized group of people or a part of an organization
733 review an act of carefully looking at or examining the quality or condition of something
or someone
736 worker someone who works for a company or organization but does not have a
powerful position
746 hotel a place that has rooms in which people can stay especially when they are
traveling :a place that provides food, lodging, and other services for paying
guests
747 size the total amount of physical space that a person or thing occupies
750 drug a chemical substance used as a medicine; an illegal substance taken for
recreation
752 indeed without any question- used to stress the truth of a statement
757 treatment something which you do to try to cure an illness or injury, especially something
suggested or done by a doctor
761 bus a large vehicle that is used for carrying passengers especially along a particular
route at particular times
770 season one of the four periods (spring, summer, autumn, and winter) into which the year
is commonly divided
778 clothes items such as shirts and trousers that you wear on your body
785 pull to hold onto and move (someone or something) in a particular direction and
especially toward yourself
788 advantage something (such as a good position or condition) that helps to make someone or
something better or more likely to succeed than others
796 discussion the act of talking about something with another person or a group of people;
a conversation about something
799 tree a usually tall plant that has a thick, wooden stem and many large branches
800 unit a single thing, person or group that is a part of something larger
803 challenge to try, to say or show that something may not be true
805 wide extending a great distance from one side to the other; not narrow
807 mile a unit of measurement used in the US that is about 1600 meters
809 solution something that is used or done to deal with and end a problem;
something that solves a problem
818 prove to show the existence, truth, or correctness of (something) by using evidence,
logic, etc.
822 doctor a person who skilled to treat people who are ill, sick and injured
826 television a piece of equipment with a screen on the front, used for watching programs
830 card a small piece of stiff paper that is marked with symbols or pictures to show its
value, comes in a set, and is used for playing games
832 pattern a repeated form or design especially that is used to decorate something
833 clock a device that shows what time it is and that is usually placed in a room or
attached to a wall
837 prefer to like (someone or something) better than someone or something else
839 propose to suggest (something, such as a plan or theory) to a person or group of people
to consider
841 operation when a doctor cuts into someone’s body to remove a sick part
843 hair a thin threadlike growth from the skin of a person or animal
847 application a formal and usually written request for something (such as a job
848 sleep to rest your mind and body by closing your eyes and becoming unconscious
849 network a system of lines, wires, etc., that are connected to each other
851 interview a meeting in which someone asks you questions to see if you are suitable for a
job or course
852 hospital a place where sick or injured people are given care or treatment and where
children are often born
856 star any one of the objects in space that are made of burning gas and that look like
points of light in the night sky
857 restaurant a place where you can buy and eat a meal
861 pressure the weight or force that is produced when something presses or pushes against
something
863 express to talk or write about (something that you are thinking or feeling)
864 competition the act or process of trying to get or win something (such as a prize or a higher
level of success) that someone else is also trying to get or win
868 conclusion the opinion you have after considering all the information about something; the
final part of something
869 brother a boy or man who has one or both of the same parents as you
870 natural something that exists or happens because of nature; not made or done by
people
877 deep having a large distance to the bottom from the surface or highest point
879 fish a cold-blooded animal that lives in water, breathes with gills, and usually has
fins and scales
881 sing to use your voice to make musical sounds in the form of a song or tune
882 sample a small amount of something that gives you information about the thing it was
taken from
883 refer to talk about or write about (someone or something) especially briefly;
to mention (someone or something) in speech or in writing
888 promise a statement telling someone that you will definitely do something or that
something will definitely happen in the future
889 throw to cause (something) to move out of your hand and through the air by quickly
moving your arm forward
890 dress a piece of clothing for a woman or a girl that has a top part that covers the
upper body and a skirt that hangs down to cover the legs
898 bar a building or room where alcoholic drinks and sometimes food are served
904 object a thing that you can see and touch and that is not alive
907 push to use force to move (someone or something) forward or away from you
908 tend used to describe what often happens or what someone often does or is likely to
do
911 exchange an occurrence in which people give things of similar value to each other
915 match someone or something that is equal to or as good as another person or thing
918 reflect to move in one direction, hit a surface, and then quickly move in a different and
usually opposite direction
925 oil a thick, black liquid that comes from the ground and that is used in making
various products (such as gasoline)
927 net a device that is used for catching or holding things or for keeping things out of a
space and that is made of pieces of string, rope, wire, etc., woven together with
spaces in between
929 box a container that is made of a hard material (such as wood, metal, or cardboard)
and that usually has four straight sides
932 throughout in every part of a place; during the whole of a period of time
934 argument an angry discussion with someone in which you both disagree
935 bill a document that says how much money you owe for something you have bought
or used
937 speech a spoken expression of ideas, opinions, etc., that is made by someone who is
speaking in front of a group of people
941 earn to get (money, a salary, etc.) for work that you have done
943 career a job that you do for a long period of your life
947 exercise physical activity that is done in order to become stronger and healthier
955 asset a person, skill, or quality which is useful or helps you to succeed; something
valuable which is owned
956 science knowledge about or study of the natural world based on facts
957 dog a type of animal that is often kept as a pet or trained to work for people by
guarding buildings, hunting, etc.
959 balance the state of having your weight spread equally so that you do not fall
960 song a short piece of music with words that are sung
964 protect to keep (someone or something) from being harmed, lost, etc.
966 imagine to think of or create something in one’s mind that is not real
971 newspaper a set of large sheets of paper that have news stories, information about local
events, advertisements, etc., and that are folded together and sold every day
976 extend to cause (something, such as your arm or leg) to straighten out or to stretch out
979 dollar a basic unit of money in the U.S., Canada, Australia, and other countries that is
equal to 100 cents
980 sister a girl or woman who has one or both of the same parents as you
982 memory the power or process of remembering what has been learned
985 nor used after neither to show something is also not true or possible
988 original special and interesting because of not being the same as others; the earliest
form of something
992 dream a series of thoughts, visions, or feelings that happen during sleep
996 discover to see, find, or become aware of (something) for the first time
997 track a path or trail that is made by people or animals walking through a field, forest,
etc.
998 garden an area of ground where plants (such as flowers or vegetables) are grown
1000 screen the usually flat part of a television or computer monitor that shows the images
or text;
the part of a television or computer that you look at when you are using it
1002 examine to look at (something) closely and carefully in order to learn more about it, to
find problems, etc.
1004 recommend to say that (someone or something) is good and deserves to be chosen
1009 conversation an informal talk involving two people or a small group of people
1010 magazine a thin book published every week or month, that has shiny, colorful pages with
articles and pictures
1013 rock to move (someone or something) back and forth or from side to side
1020 traditional following the customs or ways of behaving that have continued in a group of
people or society for a long time
1022 sea the salt water that covers much of the Earth’s surface
1025 software programs that you use to make a computer do different things
1026 weight a measurement that indicates how heavy a person or thing is
1030 weather the state of the air and atmosphere at a particular time and place
1033 shoot to cause a bullet, arrow, etc., to move forward with great force from a weapon
1037 welcome used as a friendly greeting to someone who has arrived at a place
1039 announce to tell people about something officially or with force or confidence
1041 glass a hard usually transparent material that is used for making windows and other
products
1050 generation people born and living during about the same time
1054 writer someone whose job is writing books, stories, articles, etc.
1056 committee a group of people who are chosen to make decisions about something
1062 equipment the things that are used for a particular activity or purpose
1063 telephone a system that uses wires and radio signals to send sounds (such as people’s
voices) over long distances
1064 title the name given to something (such as a book, song, or movie) to identify or
describe it
1065 budget a plan of how you will spend your money; the amount of money you have for
something
1067 blood the red liquid that flows through the bodies of people and animals
1068 scene a division of an act in a play during which the action takes place in a single place
without a break in time
1070 chair a seat for one person that has a back and usually four legs
1077 copy something that is or looks exactly or almost exactly like something else
1079 negative not having enthusiasm or positive opinions about something; an amount less
than zero
1083 block a solid piece of material (such as rock or wood) that has flat sides and is usually
square or rectangular in shape
1084 payment the act of paying; the amount of money that is paid
1085 collection the act or process of getting things from different places and bringing them
together
1089 hang to attach or place something so that it is held up without support from below
1090 politics activities that relate to influencing the actions and policies of a government or
getting and keeping power in a government
1094 count to add (people or things) together to find the total number
1097 e-mail a system for sending messages electronically, especially from one computer to
another using the Internet
1098 mix to combine (two or more things) to make one thing that is the same throughout
1104 leg one of the long body parts that are used especially for standing, walking, and
running
1111 admit to say usually in an unwilling way that you accept or do not deny the truth or
existence of (something)
1115 radio the system or process that is used for sending and receiving signals through the
air without using wires
1116 otherwise in a different way or in all ways except the one mentioned
1119 appeal when a lot of people are asked to give money, information, or help; a request to
change an official decision
1123 award a prize given to someone for something they have achieved
1129 cry to produce tears from your eyes often while making loud sounds because of
pain, sorrow, or other strong emotions
1130 pair two things that are the same and are meant to be used together
1131 tour a journey through the different parts of a country, region, etc.
1132 collect to get (things) from different places and bring them together
1134 crowd a large group of people who are together in one place
1139 sentence a group of words that expresses a statement, question, command, or wish
Sentences usually contain a subject and verb.
1140 farm land that is used for growing crops or raising animals
1144 expression the act of making your thoughts, feelings, etc., known by speech, writing, or
some other method;
the act of expressing something
1146 print to cause (words, images, etc.) to appear on paper or cloth by using a machine
1151 trust belief that someone or something is reliable, good, honest, effective, etc.
1152 ship a large boat used for traveling long distances over the sea
1156 category a group of people or things that are similar in some way
1158 attitude the way you act, think and feel about something
1159 peace freedom from any disturbance; when there is no war or fighting
1165 launch to send a spacecraft or missile into the sky, or a ship into the water; to start to
sell a new product
1166 wave an area of moving water that is raised above the main surface of an ocean, a
lake, etc.
1168 crime an illegal act for which someone can be punished by the government
1169 horse a large animal that is used for riding and for carrying and pulling things
1172 advertise to make the public aware of something (such as a product) that is being sold
1173 chief the person who is the leader of a group of people, of an organization, etc.
1176 double made of two parts that are similar or exactly the same
1179 extent the range, distance, or space that is covered or affected by something or
included in something
1180 labor work, especially the type of work that needs a lot of physical effort; workers
1181 library a place where books, magazines, and other materials (such as videos and
musical recordings) are available for people to use or borrow
1183 edge the line or part where an object or area begins or ends
1184 partner someone’s husband or wife or the person someone has sexual relations with
1187 pain the physical feeling caused by disease, injury, or something that hurts the body
1189 taxi a car that carries passengers to a place for an amount of money that is based on
the distance traveled
1190 suit a set of clothes that usually consists of a jacket and a skirt or pair of pants that
are made out of the same material
1191 spot a small area of a surface that is different from other areas
1192 regular happening over and over again at the same time or in the same way
1197 speaker the part of a radio, CD player, etc. which the sound comes out of; a person who is
speaking
1199 secretary a person whose job is to do routine work for someone else
1202 shake to move sometimes violently back and forth or up and down with short, quick
movements
1206 rain water that falls in drops from clouds in the sky
1208 suggestion an idea about what someone should do or how someone should behave
1211 north the direction that is to your left when you are facing the rising sun
1215 river a large natural flow of water that crosses an area of land that goes into the
ocean
1220 football a game in which two teams of players try to kick, run with, or throw an oval ball
across each other’s goal line; a ball used to play football
1224 improvement when something gets better or when you make it better
1228 artist someone who creates art, especially paintings and drawings
1229 reform when changes are made to improve a system, organization, or law, or a change
that is made
1231 corner the point or area where two lines, edges, or sides of something meet
1232 audience a group of people who gather together to listen to something (such as a concert)
or watch something (such as a movie or play)
1233 struggle to try very hard to do, achieve, or deal with something that is difficult or that
causes problems
1235 roll to move across the ground or another surface by turning over and over
1237 camp a place that is usually far away from cities and that has tents, small houses, etc.,
that people can live in for a short period of time
1240 investor someone who puts money in a bank, business, etc. in order to make a profit
1243 senior having a higher level job or position than someone else; older
1244 arrange to move and organize (things) into a particular order or position
1245 expense the amount of money that is needed to pay for or buy something
1247 cook someone who prepares and cooks food for eating at home, in a restaurant, etc.
1248 cultural relating to the habits, traditions, art, beliefs, etc. of a society
1249 map a picture or chart that shows the rivers, mountains, streets, etc., in a particular
area
1250 meal the foods eaten or prepared for eating at one time
1252 contribution something that you do or give to help produce or develop something, or to help
make something successful
1254 ball a usually round object that is used in a game or sport or as a toy
1266 tool something (such as a hammer, saw, shovel, etc.) that you hold in your hand and
use for a particular task
1267 mouth the opening through which food passes into the body
1269 gas a substance (such as oxygen or hydrogen) that is like air and has no fixed shape
1276 commercial related to or used in the buying and selling of goods and services
1279 pop to make a short sound like a small explosion, or to make something do this by
breaking it (like a balloon)
1281 cancer a serious disease that is caused when cells in the body grow in a way that is
uncontrolled and not normal
1283 reaction something you say, feel, or do because of something that has happened
1288 refuse to say that you will not accept (something, such as a gift or offer)
1292 bag a container made of thin material (such as paper, plastic, or cloth) that opens at
the top and is used for holding or carrying things
1294 mass a usually large amount of a substance that has no particular shape
1295 left located on the same side of your body as your heart
1297 length the distance from one end of something to the other end
1302 mountain an area of land that rises very high above the land around it and that is higher
than a hill
1303 unfortunately used to say that you wish something was not true or that something had not
happened
1307 employ to provide someone with a job that pays wages or a salary
1308 marriage the relationship that exists between a husband and a wife
1310 critical used to describe negative comments or judgments about something or someone
1312 smoke the cloud of black, gray, or white gases and dust that is produced by burning
something
1313 fan a machine or device that is used to move the air and make people or things
cooler
1317 egg a hard-shelled oval thing from which a young bird is born
1319 novel a book that tells a story about imaginary people and events
1322 coach someone whose job is to teach people to improve at a sport, skill, or school
subject
1325 background Sounds or images that are not the main focus; a persons life experience up to
now
1330 plane a vehicle that flies and has an engine and wings
1333 package a box or large envelope that is sent or delivered usually through the mail or by
another delivery service
1340 path a track that is made by people or animals walking over the ground
1341 bird an animal that has wings and is covered with feathers
1343 swim to move through water by moving your arms and legs
1346 finger one of the five long parts of the hand that are used for holding things
1349 insurance an agreement in which a person makes regular payments to a company and the
company promises to pay money if the person is injured or dies, or to pay money
equal to the value of something (such as a house or car) if it is damaged, lost, or
stolen
1350 flower the part of a plant that is often brightly colored, that usually lasts a short time,
and from which the seed or fruit develops
1351 consideration something that you have to think about when you make decisions or plans; the
act of thinking about something carefully
1356 engineer a person who has scientific training and who designs and builds complicated
products, machines, systems, or structures
1358 waste to use (something valuable) in a way that is not necessary or effective
1363 apparently used to say that something seems to be true, although it is not certain
1364 tire to lose energy and begin to feel that you need to rest
1369 nurse a person who is trained to care for sick or injured people and who usually works
in a hospital or doctor’s office
1373 hardly used to say that something was almost not possible or almost did not happen
1378 battle a military fight between groups of soldiers, ships, airplanes, etc.
1380 engage to interest someone in something and keep them thinking about it
1384 stone a hard substance that comes from the ground and is used for building, carving,
etc.
1385 gather to bring (things or people) together into a group or collect things
1386 tourist someone who visits a place for pleasure and does not live there
1389 historical relating to events or people in the past, or the study of history
1391 tradition a way of thinking, behaving that used for a long time
1392 museum a building where you can look at important objects connected with art, history,
or science
1397 council a group of people who are chosen to make rules, laws, or decisions about
something
1398 shoulder the part of your body where your arm is connected
1400 jump to move your body upward from the ground and often forward, backward, or
sideways through the air by pushing with your legs
1401 healthy physically strong and well; good for your health
1406 threat someone or something that could cause trouble, harm, etc.
1407 studio a room where an artist or photographer works; a place where TV, radio, or
movies are made or broadcast
1411 winter the coldest season of the year that is after autumn and before spring
1415 sun the star that the Earth moves around and that gives the Earth heat and light
1417 coffee a dark brown drink made from ground coffee beans and boiled water
1424 editor someone whose job is to prepare text, film, etc. by deciding what to include and
making mistakes correct
1425 spirit the non-physical part of a person, our emotions and soul
1426 scientist a person who is trained in a science and whose job involves doing scientific
research or solving scientific problems
1428 tear a drop of liquid that comes from your eyes especially when you cry
1436 comfortable Comfortable furniture, clothes, rooms, etc. make you feel relaxed and do not
cause any pain
1439 assessment to make a judgment about the quality, size, value, etc. of something
1443 violence the use of physical force to harm someone, to damage property, etc.
1444 hurt to cause pain or injury to (yourself, someone else, or a part of your body)
1452 usual the way things occur most of time, in most cases
1457 characteristic a typical or obvious quality that makes one person or thing different from others
1459 carefully giving a lot of attention to what you are doing so that you do not have an
accident, make a mistake, or damage something
1460 camera a device that is used for taking photographs or for making movies, television
programs, etc.
1466 climb to move or go up (something) using your feet and often your hands
1471 lawyer a person whose job is to guide and assist people in matters relating to the law
1477 domestic of, relating to, or made in your own family, country
1478 pack to put (something) into a bag, suitcase, etc., so that you can take it with you
1480 protein food such as meat, cheese, fish, or eggs that is necessary for the body to grow
and be strong
1481 branch a part of a tree that grows out from the trunk
1482 rat an animal that looks like a large mouse and has a long tail
1486 literature written works (such as poems, plays, and novels) that are considered to be very
good and to have lasting importance
1488 theater a building where plays, shows, etc., are performed on a stage
1489 stare to look at someone or something for a long time and not move your eyes
1496 commitment a promise or firm decision to do something; something that you must do that
takes your time
1497 description a statement that tells you how something or someone looks, sounds, etc.;
words that describe something or someone
1500 skin the natural outer layer of tissue that covers the body of a person or animal
1501 taste the sweet, sour, bitter, or salty quality of a thing that you can sense when it is in
your mouth
1503 belong used to say that someone or something should be in a particular place or
situation
1507 comparison the act of looking at things to see how they are similar or different
1509 belief a feeling of being sure that someone or something exists or that something is
true
1510 dangerous If someone or something is dangerous, they could harm you; not safe
1512 signal an event or act which shows that something exists or that gives information
about something
1513 fashion a popular way of dressing during a particular time or among a particular group
of people
1515 interaction the activity of talking and doing things with other people, or the way you do this
1519 gold a soft yellow metal that is very valuable and that is used especially in jewelry
1523 square a four-sided shape that is made up of four straight sides that are the same
length
1528 shoe an outer covering for your foot that usually has a stiff bottom part called a sole
with a thicker part called a heel attached to it and an upper part that covers part
or all of the top of your foot
1531 prison a building where people are kept as punishment for a crime or while they are
waiting to go to court
1533 ad an advertisement
1536 west the direction where the sun sets; opposite of east
1540 advertisement a picture, short film, song, etc. which tries to persuade people to buy a product
or service:
1542 cup a small round container that often has a handle and that is used for drinking
liquids (such as tea and coffee)
1543 suspect to think that (someone) is possibly guilty of a crime or of doing something wrong
1544 citizen a person who legally belongs to a country and has the rights and protection of
that country
1546 arrest to use the power of the law to take and keep (someone, such as a criminal)
1550 investigate to try to find out the facts, to carry out research
1551 desk a piece of furniture that is like a table and often has drawers ◊People often sit at
desks when they are writing or using a computer.
1554 loan an amount of money that is given to someone for a period of time with a
promise that it will be paid back
1555 explore to look at (something) in a careful way to learn more about it; to study or
analyze (something)
1556 tea a drink that is made by soaking the dried leaves of an Asian plant in hot water
1558 recommendation a piece of advice about what to do in a particular situation; a suggestion about
something that is good in a certain situation
1560 poll when people are asked questions to discover what they think about a subject; a
survey
1561 hi hello
1564 escape to get away from a place (such as a prison) where you are being held or kept
1565 fairly more than average, but less than very; something done in a fair way
1568 import to bring something into your country from another country for people to buy
1569 association an organized group of people who have the same interest
1573 division to say that (someone or something) is good and deserves to be chosen
1574 debt an amount of money that you owe to a person, bank, company, etc.
1580 analyze to examine the details of something carefully, in order to understand or explain
it
1581 victim someone who has suffered the effects of violence, illness, or bad luck
1583 commission people who are given the job of doing something
1590 protection the state of being kept from harm, loss, etc.
1591 mouse a very small animal that has a pointed nose and a long, thin tail
1594 researcher a person who studies a subject in detail in order to discover new information
about it
1596 root the part of a plant that grows underground, gets water from the ground, and
holds the plant in place
1599 chain a series of usually metal links or rings that are connected to each other in
a line and used for supporting heavy things, for holding things together, for
decoration, etc.
1600 forest a thick growth of trees and bushes that covers a large area
1601 confidence a feeling or belief that you can do something well or succeed at something
1602 frame the basic structure and shape of the body of a person or animal
1603 shot when a bullet is fired from a gun; a photograph; an attempt to score in sports by
throwing or kicking a ball
1604 identity who someone is; the things that make one person or group of people different
from others
1607 birth the time when a baby comes out from the body of its mother
1613 threaten to say that you will harm someone or do something unpleasant or unwanted
especially in order to make someone do what you want
1614 hire to give work or a job to (someone) in exchange for wages or a salary
1616 latter coming or happening near the end of a process, activity, series, life, etc.
1619 typical having all the qualities you expect a particular person, object, place, etc. to have
1623 judgment an opinion about someone or something that is decided after thinking carefully
1625 concentration the ability to think carefully about something you are doing and nothing else
1627 selection when someone or something is chosen; a thing or person who is chosen
1629 opposition actions or opinions that show that you disagree with or disapprove of someone
or something
1636 graduate someone who has studied for and received a degree (= qualification) from a
school, college, or university
1638 insist to say firmly that something is true, especially when other people do not believe
you; to demand that something be done
1639 bridge a structure built over something (such as a river) so that people or vehicles can
get across
1642 plenty a large number or amount of something; a number or amount of something that
is enough for a particular purpose
1644 reduction the act of making something smaller in size, amount, number, etc.;
the act of reducing something
1645 respectively in the same order as the people or things you have just talked about
1663 bottle a glass or plastic container that has a narrow neck and usually has no handle
Bottles are usually used to store liquid or tablets.
1666 practical relating to what is real rather than to what is possible or imagined
1669 hell according to some religions, the place where bad people go when they die; a
very unpleasant experience
1670 lock a device that keeps something (such as a door, window, or box) from being
opened and that is usually opened by using a key
1672 secondly used for introducing the second reason, idea, etc.
1673 peak the highest level or value of something; the top of a mountain
1675 explanation the details or reasons that someone gives to make something clear or easy to
understand
1679 mail the system used for sending letters and packages from one person to another
1685 ear the part of the body that you hear with
1692 engine a machine that changes energy (such as heat from burning fuel) into mechanical
motion
1694 chairman he person (especially a man) who is in charge of a meeting, committee, or event
1697 relief a pleasant and relaxed feeling that someone has when something unpleasant
stops or does not happen
1699 yard an outdoor area that is next to a house and is usually covered by grass
1705 row a straight line of people or things that are next to each other
1706 capture to catch someone and make them your prisoner; to get control of a place with
force
1707 justice the process or result of using laws to fairly judge and punish crimes and
criminals
1712 witness : a person who sees something (such as a crime) happen
1713 blame to say or think that a person or thing is responsible for something bad that has
happened
1718 electronic Electronic equipment consists of things such as computers, televisions, and
radios
1719 dealer a person or company that buys and sells things for profit
1724 hill a usually rounded area of land that is higher than the land around it but that is
not as high as a mountain
1726 fellow used to describe people who belong to the same group or class or who share a
situation, experience, etc.
1727 guard a state in which someone is carefully looking for possible danger, threats,
problems, etc.
1728 sky the space over the Earth where the sun, moon, stars, and clouds appear
1731 reserve to make arrangements so that you will be able to use or have (something, such
as a room, table, or seat) at a later time
1733 surely used to express surprise that something has happened or is going to happen
1734 thin having a small distance between the top and bottom or front and back surfaces
1736 formal requiring or using serious and proper clothes and manners
1738 verb a word (such as jump, think, happen, or exist) that is usually one of the main
parts of a sentence and that expresses an action, an occurrence, or a state of
being
1739 acquisition the process of learning or getting something; something you have bought
1740 retire to stop a job or career because you have reached the age when you are not
allowed to work anymore or do not need or want to work anymore
1742 seed a small object produced by a plant from which a new plant can grow
1743 tip the end of something that is usually long and thin
1747 absence a state or condition in which something expected, wanted, or looked for is not
present or does not exist
1754 gene a part of a cell that is passed on from a parent to a child and that controls
particular characteristics
1759 neighborhood the people who live near each other or a section of a town or city
1760 smell the quality of a thing that you can sense with your nose
1763 cat a small animal that is related to lions and tigers and that is often kept by people
as a pet
1764 lip either one of the two soft parts that surround the mouth
1765 passenger a person who is traveling from one place to another in a car, bus, train, ship,
airplane, etc., and who is not driving or working on it
1766 compete to try to get or win something (such as a prize or reward) that someone else is
also trying to win
1768 rush to move or do something very quickly or in a way that shows you are in a hurry
1769 disorder a disease or mental problem; uncontrolled, bad behavior, especially by large
groups of people
1771 complaint a statement that you are unhappy or not satisfied with something
1772 careful giving a lot of attention to what you are doing so that you do not have an
accident, make a mistake, or damage something
1773 column one of the vertical blocks of print into which a page of a newspaper, magazine,
dictionary or spreadsheet, is divided
1776 employer a person or company that pays people to work for them
1778 protest when people show that they disagree with something by standing somewhere,
shouting, carrying signs, etc.
1788 approximately close to a particular number or time although not exactly that number or time
1789 maximum The maximum amount of something is the largest amount that is allowed or
possible
1790 qualify to give (someone) the necessary skill or knowledge to do a particular job or
activity
1793 assumption something that you think is true without having any proof
1796 plate a flat and usually round dish that is used for eating or serving food
1803 county an area of Britain, Ireland, or the US that has its own local government
1806 hat a covering for the head that often has a brim and a rounded or flat top
1809 steal to secretly take something that does not belong to you, without intending to
return it
1812 symptom a problem that is caused by and shows a more serious problem
1816 tennis a sport in which two or four people hit a small ball to each other over a net
1817 merely used to emphasize that something is not large, important, or effective when
compared to something else
1819 tall greater in height than the average person, building, etc.
1833 firstly used to introduce the first idea, reason, etc. in a series
1834 assistant someone whose job is to help a person who has a more important job
1838 closely If you look at or listen to something closely, you look at it or listen to it very
carefully.
1839 equally to the same degree or level; into amounts or parts that are the same size
1840 advise to give an opinion or suggestion to someone about what should be done
1847 exhibition when objects such as paintings are shown to the public
1851 snow soft, white pieces of frozen water that fall to the ground from the sky in cold
weather
1853 breast one of the two soft, round parts on a woman’s chest
1857 reward money or another kind of payment that is given or received for something that
has been done or that is offered for something that might be done
1863 discipline control that is gained by requiring that rules or orders be obeyed and punishing
bad behavior
1865 medicine a substance that is used in treating disease or relieving pain and that is usually
in the form of a pill or a liquid
1869 wage an amount of money that a worker is paid based on the number of hours, days,
etc., that are worked
1870 implication a result or effect that seems likely in the future; something suggested without
being said directly
1877 knock to hit something (such as a door) with the knuckles of your hand or with a hard
object (such as a knocker) in order to get people’s attention
1879 producer a company, country, or person that makes goods or grows food; someone who
controls how a film, play, program, or musical recording is made
1880 pocket a usually small cloth bag that is sewn into a piece of clothing, a larger bag, etc.,
and that is open at the top or side so that you can put things into it
1884 king a male ruler of a country who usually inherits his position and rules for life
1885 obligation something that you do because it is your duty or because you feel you have to
1886 initiative a plan or activity that is done to solve a problem or improve a situation
1889 resolution an official decision that is made after a group or organization have voted
1890 emotional showing strong feelings, or making people have strong feelings
1895 phrase a group of words which are often used together and have a particular meaning
1898 storm an occurrence of bad weather in which there is a lot of rain, snow, etc., and often
strong winds
1902 priority the fact that is more important than other things
1903 democracy a system of government in which people elect their leaders, or a country with
this system
1907 shirt a piece of clothing for the upper body that has sleeves and usually a collar and
buttons down the front
1908 coat an outer piece of clothing that can be long or short and that is worn to keep
warm or dry
1910 emphasize to show that something is especially important or needs special attention
1915 neck the part of the body between the head and the shoulders
1920 sir used without a name as a form of polite address to a man you do not know
1925 bloody covered in blood; violent and involving a lot of blood and injuries
1927 bone any one of the hard pieces that form the frame (called a skeleton) inside a
person’s or animal’s body
1929 supplier a company or person who provides things that people want or need
1930 milk a white liquid produced by a woman to feed her baby or by female animals to
feed their young
1931 passage a long, narrow space that connects one place to another
1938 gentleman a man who treats other people in a proper and polite way
1945 swing to move backward and forward or from side to side while hanging from
something
1948 borrow to take and use (something that belongs to someone else) for a period of time
before returning it
1951 exam a test of how much you know about something, or how well you can do
something; a series of medical tests
1952 governor a person who is the leader of the government of a state, province, etc.
1953 boss someone who is responsible for employees and tells them what to do
1954 effectively in a way that is successful and achieves what you want
1955 install to put a piece of equipment somewhere and make it ready to use; to put
software on a computer
1958 diet the type of food that someone usually eats; when someone eats less food to
lose weight or because of a medical problem
1960 convention a large formal meeting of people with the same interest or work
1961 metal a substance (such as gold, tin, or copper) that usually has a shiny appearance, is
a good conductor of electricity and heat, can be melted, and is usually capable
of being shaped
1963 typically used for saying that something is usual type of a person, thing, place, etc.
1965 crash to hit something hard enough to cause serious damage or destruction
1971 sharp having a thin edge that is able to cut things or a fine point that is able to make a
hole in things
1973 disappoint to make (someone) unhappy by not being as good as expected or by not doing
something that was hoped for or expected
1975 defeat to win a victory over (someone or something) in a war, contest, game, etc.
1976 retirement when you leave your job and stop working, usually because you are old
1979 self the person that someone normally or truly is — used to describe the way
someone acts or feels
1983 reputation the common opinion that people have about someone or something;
the way in which people think of someone or something
1985 creation when someone makes something happen or exist; something that someone has
made
1993 lucky having good things happen to you; something that is believed to give good luck
2000 sudden happening, coming, or done very quickly in a way that is not expected
2002 plastic a light, artificial substance that can be made into different shapes when it is soft
and is used in a lot of different ways
2004 peer someone who is the same age, or who has the same social position or abilities
as other members of a group
2005 tooth one of the hard white objects inside the mouth that are used for biting and
chewing
2007 excuse to forgive someone for making a mistake, doing something wrong, etc.,
2016 dish a shallow container that you cook or serve food in
2022 perfectly used to emphasize the word that follows it; in a perfect way
2026 proud very happy and pleased because of something you have done, something you
own, someone you know or are related to, etc.
2028 analyst someone whose job is to examine the details of a situation carefully, and give
their opinion about it
2033 unusual different and not ordinary, often in a way that is interesting or exciting
2034 criticism a negative comment; judgments and opinions on books, plays, films, etc.
2036 plot the things that happen in a story; a plan to do something bad
2040 comfort a state or situation in which you are relaxed and do not have any physically
unpleasant feelings caused by pain, heat, cold, etc.
2041 deserve used to say that someone or something should or should not have or be given
2042 repair to put (something that is broken or damaged) back into good condition;
fix
2045 recognition the act of accepting that something is true or important or that it exists
2047 proof something which shows that something else is true or correct
2049 outline a written list or description of only the most important parts of an essay, speech,
plan, etc.
2050 depression when you feel very unhappy, or a mental illness that makes you feel very
unhappy
2057 partly used to show that something is true to some degree but not completely
2060 intellectual using or relating to your ability to think and understand things
2061 minority a part of a group which is less than half of the whole group, often much less
2062 revolution the attempt by many people to end the rule of one government
2065 equation when you show that two amounts are equal using mathematical symbols
2066 unemployment the number of people who are without jobs; not having a job
2067 intervention when someone intervenes, especially to prevent something from happening
2070 anymore If you do not do something or something does not happen any more, you have
stopped doing it or it does not now happen
2076 wheel one of the round parts underneath a car, wagon, etc., that rolls and allows
something to move
2078 efficient capable of producing desired results without wasting materials, time, or energy
2081 split to break apart or into pieces especially along a straight line
2084 port a town or an area of a town next to water where ships arrive and leave from
2086 nose the part of the face or head through which a person or animal smells and
breathes
2091 ultimately finally, after a series of things have happened; in the end
2092 inch a unit of measurement equal to 1⁄36 yard or 1⁄12 of a foot (2.54 centimeters)
2095 entertainment shows, films, television, or other performances or activities that entertain people
2096 boundary something (such as a river, a fence, or an imaginary line) that shows where an
area ends and another area begins
2101 edition a book, newspaper, etc. that is one of several that are the same and were
produced at the same time
2102 wing a part of an animal’s body that is used for flying or gliding
2104 specialist someone who has a lot of experience, knowledge, or skill in a particular subject
2106 achievement when you succeed in doing something good, usually by working hard
2107 innovation a new idea or method that is being tried for the first time, or the use of such
ideas or methods
2109 coverage the way a newspaper, television program, etc. reports an event or subject
2110 pitch in baseball, to throw the ball towards the hitter; to try to persuade someone to
buy or decide something
2111 gate a place in a wall or a fence that has a movable part which can be opened or
closed like a door
2116 scream to make a loud, high noise with your voice, or to shout something in a loud, high
voice because you are afraid, hurt, or angry
2120 era a period of time in history that is special for a particular reason
2121 episode one program of a series shown on television; a single event or period of time
2123 infection a disease in a part of your body that is caused by bacteria or a virus
2124 preparation the things that you do or the time that you spend preparing for something
2126 silver a soft grayish-white metal that is very valuable and is used to make jewelry,
coins, knives, forks, etc.
2127 electricity a type of energy that can produce light and heat, or make machines work
2131 web part of the Internet that consists of all the connected websites (= pages of text
and pictures); a spider’s net used to catch insects
2132 transition when something changes from one system or method to another, often gradually
2140 crack to break (something) so that there are lines in its surface but it is usually not
separated into pieces
2142 cable a wire covered by plastic that carries electricity, telephone signals, etc.
2146 cooperation when you work together with someone or do what they ask you
2147 pub a place where you can get drinks such as beer and usually food
2150 supporter someone who supports a particular idea, group, or person; a sports fan
2151 inspire to make someone feel that they want to do something and can do it
2153 hunt to chase and kill (wild animals) for food or pleasure
2157 cloud a white or gray mass in the sky that is made of many very small drops of water
2164 agricultural the work and methods of growing crops and looking after animals which are
then used for food
2166 knee the joint that bends at the middle of your leg
2167 album several songs or pieces of music on a CD or record; a book in which you keep
photographs, stamps, etc.
2168 bend to use force to cause (something, such as a wire or pipe) to become curved
2169 exposure when someone experiences something or is affected by it because they are in a
particular situation or place
2171 digital electronic systems that change sounds or images into signals in the form of
binary numbers
2172 pour to cause (something) to flow in a steady stream from or into a container or place
2173 satisfaction a happy or pleased feeling because of something that you did or something that
happened to you
2174 tension a feeling that you are nervous, worried, and not relaxed
2180 beer an alcoholic drink made from grain, or a glass or container of this drink
2181 sweep to remove (something, such as dust or dirt) from a surface with a broom or
brush or with a quick movement of your hand, fingers, etc.
2184 crew a team of people with special skills who work together
2185 essay a short piece of writing about a particular subject, especially one written by a
student
2187 anger a strong feeling of being upset or annoyed because of something wrong or bad
2189 shower a device that produces a spray of water for you to stand under and wash your
body
2190 string a long, thin piece of twisted thread that you use to attach things, tie things
together, or hang things
2191 elderly a more polite word for ‘old’, used to describe people
2193 truck a large road vehicle for carrying goods from place to place
2198 shadow a dark shape that appears on a surface when someone or something moves
between the surface and a source of light
2201 trail a path through the countryside, often where people walk
2203 parallel very similar and often occurring at the same time
2205 sensitive easily upset by the things that people think or say about you
2206 hero someone who does something brave or good which people respect or admire
them for
2207 competitor someone who is trying to win or do better than all others especially in business
or sports;
someone who is competing
2217 stem the main long and thin part of a plant that rises above the soil and supports the
leaves and flowers
2218 height a measurement of how tall a person or thing is; the distance from the bottom to
the top of a person or thing
2219 apologize to tell someone that you are sorry about something you have done
2220 alright good enough, although not very good; safe or well
2221 owe to need to pay or repay money to a person, bank, business, etc.
2222 genetic relating to genes (= parts of cells which control particular characteristics)
2224 recruit to try to persuade someone to work for a company or to join an organization
2225 vice something bad that someone often does; crime that involves sex or drugs
2229 furniture chairs, tables, beds, etc., that are used to make a room ready for use
2230 strain when you feel worried and nervous about something; an injury to part of your
body that is caused by using it too much
2233 measurement the process of measuring something; the size and shape of something
2235 meter a piece of equipment for measuring the amount of something such as electricity,
time, or light
2236 pace the speed at which someone or something moves or does something
2240 designer someone who draws and plans how something will be made
2244 guilty ashamed because you have done something wrong; having broken a law
2246 false not real or genuine — used to say that something is not really what it seems to
be
2247 demonstration a protest in which people march or stand together; showing how to do
something, or how something works
2248 wound an injury that is caused when a knife, bullet, etc., cuts or breaks the skin
2250 muscle one of many pieces of tissue in the body that are connected to bones and which
produce movement by becoming longer or shorter
2251 grass plants that have narrow green leaves, that are eaten by cows, sheep, horses, etc.,
and that are commonly grown on lawns and in gardens
2256 cite to write or say the words from a book or other source
2259 disaster something that causes a lot of harm or damage; a very bad situation or result
2260 sigh to breathe out slowly and noisily, often because you are annoyed or unhappy
2261 routine the things you regularly do and how and when you do them
2262 cake a sweet baked food made from a mixture of flour, sugar, and other ingredients
(such as eggs and butter)
2263 efficiency the ability to do something or produce something without wasting materials,
time, or energy
2269 withdraw to take money out of a bank account; to move out of a position, competition,
area, etc.
2271 giant extremely big, or much bigger than other similar things
2272 bid an attempt to achieve something; an offer to pay a particular amount of money
for something
2273 naturally as you would expect; something that happens because of nature
2274 summary a brief statement that gives the most important info
2276 tune a series of musical notes that produce a pleasing sound when played or sung
2277 van a vehicle that is used for carrying things but which is smaller than a truck
2279 boot a strong shoe that covers your foot and part of your leg
2285 platform a raised surface for people to stand on, especially when they are speaking to a
lot of people; the area in a railway station where you get on and off the train
2287 apartment a set of rooms for someone to live in on one level of a building or house
2289 independence when someone looks after themselves and does not need money, help, or
permission from other people
2291 illustration a picture in a book, magazine, etc.; an example that explains or proves
something
2295 poem a piece of writing that usually has figurative language and that is written in
separate lines that often have a repeated rhythm and sometimes rhyme
2300 planet a large, round object in space that moves around the sun or another star
2301 iron a heavy type of metal that is very common, occurs naturally in blood, and is
used to make steel and in many products
2303 approval when you think that something or someone is good or right; official permission
2304 evaluation to consider or study something carefully and decide how good or bad it is
2311 badly very seriously; in a way that is of low quality or in an unpleasant way
2312 log a long, heavy section of a tree that has fallen or been cut down
2317 gaze to look for a long time at someone or something or in a particular direction
2318 button a small, usually round piece of plastic, glass, metal, etc., that is sewn to a piece
of clothing and is pushed through a loop or hole to fasten one part of the
clothing to another part
2320 hesitate to stop briefly before you do something especially because you are nervous or
unsure about what to do
2322 creative good at thinking of new ideas or using imagination to create new and unusual
things
2325 vegetable a plant that you eat, for example potatoes, onions, beans, etc.
2326 alcohol drinks such as wine and beer that can make you drunk
2328 throat the tube inside the neck that leads to the stomach and lungs
2332 ally someone who supports you, especially when other people are against you; a
country that has agreed to help another country, especially in a war
2337 sugar a sweet substance usually in the form of white or brown crystals or white
powder that comes from plants and is used to make foods sweeter
2342 bread a baked food made from a mixture of flour and water
2347 liability when you are legally responsible for something; a debt; a disadvantage
2349 league a group of teams which compete against each other in a sport
2352 flood a large amount of water covering an area of land that is usually dry
2353 compensation money that you pay to someone because you are responsible for injuring them
or damaging something; money paid for work
2354 segment one of the parts that something can be divided into
2358 desert an area of very dry land that is usually covered with sand and is very hot
2359 operator a person who uses and controls something (such as a machine, device, or
business): someone who operates something
2360 tower a tall, narrow building or structure that may stand apart from or be attached to
another building or structure
2362 paragraph a section of writing that usually deals with one subject
2364 bath the act of washing the body usually by sitting or lying in a container filled with
water
2366 confident having a feeling or belief that you can do something well or succeed at
something;
having confidence
2370 regularly often; at the same time each day, week, month, etc.
2373 burden something difficult or unpleasant that you have to deal with or worry about
2376 tap to hit (someone or something) lightly especially with a small sound
2380 preference a feeling of liking or wanting one person or thing more than another person or
thing
2381 discovery the act of finding or learning something for the first time
2383 skirt a piece of clothing worn by women and girls that hangs from the waist down
2387 cigarette a thin tube of paper filled with tobacco, that people smoke
2389 bowl a round container that has tall, curving sides and that is used for preparing or
serving foods and liquids
2391 offense a criminal act; something that causes a person to be hurt, angry, or upset
2394 jury a group of people in a court of law who decide if someone is guilty or not
2396 virus an infectious organism too small to be seen that causes disease, or an illness
that it causes; a harmful computer program
2399 wrap to cover (something) by winding or folding a piece of material around it
2401 survival when someone or something continues to live or exist, especially after a difficult
or dangerous situation
2403 specialize to spend most of your time studying one particular subject or doing one type of
business
2405 limitation when something is controlled so that it is less than a particular amount or
number
2408 angle the difference between the direction of two lines or surfaces that come
together: the space or shape formed when two lines or surfaces meet each other
2410 rival a person or thing that tries to defeat or be more successful than another
2413 tourism the business of providing services for tourists, including organizing their travel,
hotels, entertainment, etc.
2414 chest the front part of the body between the neck and the stomach
2417 recovery when a system or situation or person returns to the way it was before something
bad happened
2421 gesture a movement you make with your hand, arm, or head to express what you are
thinking or feeling
2424 stair a series of steps that go from one level or floor to another
2426 slave someone who is legally owned by another person and is forced to work for that
person without pay
2428 amendment a change in the words of a document, or the process of doing this
2432 deficit the amount by which the money that you spend is more than the money that
you receive
2438 architecture the design and style of buildings; the profession of designing buildings
2440 dig to move soil, sand, snow, etc., in order to create a hole
2441 opponent someone who you compete against in a game or competition; someone who
disagrees with an idea or action
2442 evolution the way in which living things gradually change and develop over millions of
years; a gradual process of change and development
2443 versus used to say that one team or person is competing against another; used to
compare two things or ideas
2444 lend to give (something) to (someone) to be used for a period of time and then
returned
2445 custom an action or way of behaving that is usual and traditional among the people in a
particular group or place
2447 translate to change words from one language into another language
2448 cough to force air through your throat with a short, loud noise often because you are
sick
2451 surgery when a doctor cuts your body open and repairs or removes something
2453 burst to break open or into pieces in a sudden and violent way
2457 tube a long, hollow object that is used especially to control the flow of a liquid or gas
2459 province one of the large areas which some countries are divided into because of the type
of government they have
2460 twin one of two children who are born to the same mother at the same time
2462 chicken a bird that is raised by people for its eggs and meat
2463 scholar someone who has studied a subject and knows a lot about it
2466 therapy the work of treating mental or physical illness without using an operation
2472 tissue the material that animals and plants are made of; a soft piece of paper that you
use for cleaning your nose
2474 stroke a serious illness caused when a blood vessel in your brain suddenly breaks or is
blocked
2476 sand the very tiny, loose pieces of rock that cover beaches, deserts, etc.
2477 promotion when someone is given a more important job in the same organization; an
advertising campaign or sale
2478 charity an official organization that gives money, food, or help to people who need it;
money, food, or other help
2480 tendency something that someone often does, or something that often happens
2481 barrier something that prevents people from doing what they want to do
2482 cream a very thick liquid or soft substance that is rubbed into the skin to make it softer
or is used as a medicine for the skin
2486 publisher a company or person who prepares and prints books, newspapers, magazines,
etc.
2488 democratic following or supporting the political system of democracy; where everyone has
equal rights and can help to make decisions
2489 abortion a medical operation to end a pregnancy when the baby is still too small to live
2490 govern to officially control and lead, conduct the policy, make decisions
2493 whilst during the same time; used to compare two different facts or situations
2494 privilege an advantage that only one person or group has, usually because of their
position or because they are rich
2497 cap a small, soft hat that often has a hard curved part (called a visor) that extends
out over your eyes
2501 classical music by people like Mozart and Stravinsky; traditional in style
2503 regret to feel sad or sorry about (something that you did or did not do);
to have regrets about (something)
2505 impressive Someone or something that is impressive makes you admire and respect them
2506 motor a machine that produces motion or power for doing work
2508 ruin to damage (something) so badly that it is no longer useful, valuable, enjoyable,
etc.: to spoil or destroy (something)
2509 density the number of people or things in a place when compared with the size of the
place; the relationship between the weight of a substance and its size
2512 implementation to make a law, system, plan, etc. start to happen or operate
2513 coal a black or brownish-black hard substance within the earth that is used as a fuel
2516 maintenance the work that is done to keep something in good condition
2518 inflation the rate at which prices increase, or a continuing increase in prices
2520 institutional relating to a large and important organization, such as a government, university
or bank
2521 dust fine dry powder that builds up inside buildings on surfaces that have not
recently been cleaned
2523 cancel to say that an organized event will not now happen; to stop an order for goods
or services
2524 functional designed to be practical or useful and not only attractive; operating correctly
2529 passion a strong belief in something or a strong feeling about a subject; sexual feelings
2532 module a part of an object that can operate alone, especially a part of a spacecraft; part
of a course or a textbook
2533 fold to bend one part of (something) over or against another part
2539 partnership when two people or organizations work together to achieve something
2540 counter to prevent something or reduce the bad effect that it has
2543 penalty a punishment for doing something which is against a law or rule
2544 rail a bar that goes from one post or support to another and that is used to form a
barrier
2545 salt a natural white substance that is used especially to flavor or preserve food
2547 bin a container that is used to put waste in; a container for storing things
2548 violent using or involving the use of physical force to cause harm or damage to
someone or something
2549 aggressive behaving in an angry and violent way towards others; using forceful methods in
order to achieve
2550 sake the benefit of someone or something — used in phrases with for to say that
something is done to help a particular person or thing
2551 opera a musical play in which most of the words are sung
2553 embrace to hold, or hug, someone; to accept new ideas, beliefs, etc. in an enthusiastic
way
2555 pile a group of things that are put one on top of another
2560 allege to say that someone has done something wrong or illegal, but not prove it
2561 grammar the set of rules that explain how words are used in a language
2562 permission the right or ability to do something that is given by someone who has the power
to decide if it will be allowed or permitted
2566 diversity when many different types of things or people are included in something
2569 gallery a room or building that is used for showing paintings and other art to the public
2572 castle a large building usually with high, thick walls and towers that was built in the
past to protect against attack
2573 tackle to try to deal with a problem; in sports, to try to take the ball from someone or
knock them down
2574 golf a game on grass where players try to hit a small ball into a series of holes using
a long, thin stick
2578 boost something that makes you feel more confident and happy, or that helps
something increase or improve
2580 pig an animal that has a fat body with short legs, a small tail, and a wide nose and
that is raised on a farm or lives in the wild
2584 announcement something that someone says officially, giving information about something
2585 biological relating to the study of living things such as plants and animals
2589 excess an amount that is more than the usual or necessary amount
2590 fulfill to do something that you have promised to do or that you are expected to do
2595 complexity involving a lot of different but connected parts in a way that is difficult to
understand
2602 weakness when someone or something is not strong or powerful; a part of something or
someone that is not good
2603 noun a word that is the name of something (such as a person, animal, place, thing,
quality, idea, or action) and is typically used in a sentence as subject or object of
a verb or as object of a preposition
2604 civilian someone who is not a member of a military organization or the police
2606 tail the part of an animal’s body that extends from the animal’s back end
2607 tale a story, especially one which is not true or is difficult to believe
2613 gently in a kind and careful way as not to hurt or upset anyone or anything
2615 server a computer that is used only for storing and managing programs and
information used by other computers
2617 guitar a musical instrument with strings that you play by pulling the strings with your
fingers or a piece of plastic
2621 veteran someone who has been in the military; someone who has done a job or activity
for a long time
2623 championship a competition to find the best team or player in a particular game or sport
2625 gear a set of parts in a vehicle or bicycle that control how fast the wheels turn; the
clothes and equipment used for a particular purpose
2630 strengthen to make (someone or something) stronger, more forceful, more effective, etc.
2631 orange a citrus fruit that is round and that has an orange skin
2632 cheek the soft part of your face below your eye
2640 carbon a chemical element present in all animals and plants and in coal and oil (symbol
C)
2641 servant a person who is hired to do household or personal duties such as cleaning and
cooking
2642 curious having a desire to learn or know more about something or someone
2650 snap to break something, such as a pencil, making a short, loud sound
2651 stimulate to make something happen or develop more; to make someone feel interested
and excited
2653 adjustment a slight change that you make to something so that it works better, fits better, or
is more suitable
2654 printer a machine which is connected to a computer and which produces writing or
images on paper
2655 moon the large round object that circles the Earth and that shines at night by reflecting
light from the sun
2656 boom a period when there is a big increase in sales or profits; a loud, deep sound
2657 scan to examine something with a machine; to use a machine that copies a document
into a computer
2658 cheese a yellow or white solid food that is made from milk
2659 shell the hard outer covering of an animal, insect, etc., that protects it
2660 pride a feeling that you respect yourself and deserve to be respected by other people
2665 bunch a group of things of the same kind that are held or tied together or that grow
together
2668 ceremony a formal act or event that is a part of a social or religious occasion
2670 pipe a long, hollow tube for carrying water, steam, gas, etc.
2672 hopefully used, often at the start of a sentence, to express what you would like to happen
2675 destruction the act or process of damaging something so badly that it no longer exists or
cannot be repaired
2676 craft an activity in which you make something using a lot of skill, especially with your
hands; a boat, airplane, or spaceship
2678 pregnant A pregnant woman has a baby developing inside her uterus
2682 presumably used to say what you think is the likely situation
2685 magic special powers that can make things happen that seem impossible
2686 menu a list of food and drinks that you can order in a restaurant; a list of choices on a
computer or electronic device
2689 greet to meet (someone who has just arrived) with usually friendly and polite words
and actions;
welcome
2690 humor the ability to laugh and recognize that something is funny
2691 concrete a hard substance that is used in building and is made by mixing sand, water,
small stones, and cement
2692 flag a piece of cloth with a special design that is used as a symbol of a nation or
group
2696 cow a large animal that is raised by people for milk or meat usually on a farm
2699 knife a usually sharp blade attached to a handle that is used for cutting or as a
weapon
2702 wise having or showing wisdom or knowledge usually from learning or experiencing
many things
2703 motivation enthusiasm for doing something; the need or reason for doing something
2704 attachment a feeling strong connection to someone or something; a computer file which is
sent together with an email message
2706 strict used to describe a command, rule, etc., that must be obeyed
2708 catalog a book with a list of all the goods that you can buy from a shop, or of all the
books, paintings, etc. that you can find in a place
2709 organic not using artificial chemicals when keeping animals or growing plants for food
2711 uncle the brother of your father or mother or the husband of your aunt
2714 coin a small, flat, and usually round piece of metal issued by a government as money
2715 attraction something interesting or enjoyable that people want to visit, see, or do
2716 athlete someone who is very good at a sport and who competes with others in organized
events
2717 harbor a part of the ocean, a lake, etc., that is next to land and that is protected and
deep enough to provide safety for ships
2719 stir to mix (something) by making circular movements in it with a spoon or similar
object
2720 filter to pass a liquid or gas through a piece of equipment in order to remove solid
pieces or other substances
2722 determination when someone continues trying to do something, although it is very difficult
2723 shelf a flat board which is attached to a wall, frame, etc., and on which objects can be
placed
2724 tongue the soft, movable part in the mouth that is used for tasting and eating food and
in human beings for speaking
2729 piano a large wooden musical instrument with strings inside and black and white bars
that produce sounds when you press them
2733 belt a band of material (such as leather) that is worn around a person’s waist
2735 storage when you put things in a safe place until they are needed
2737 invent to create or produce (something useful) for the first time
2740 ocean the salt water that covers much of the Earth’s surface
2742 fiction literature and stories about imaginary people or events; not real
2743 lover If two people are lovers, they have a sexual relationship but they are not
married
2744 hint when you say something that suggests what you think or want, but not in a
direct way; a clue
2747 anxious afraid or nervous especially about what may happen :feeling anxiety
2752 carpet thick material for covering floors, often made of wool
2755 hook a curved or bent tool for catching, holding, or pulling something
2756 potato a round vegetable with a brown, yellow, or red skin that grows in the ground
2758 nerve one of the threads in your body which carry messages between your brain and
other parts of the body
2759 leather animal skin that is chemically treated to preserve it and that is used in making
clothes, shoes, furniture, etc.
2760 qualification a special skill or type of experience or knowledge that makes someone suitable
to do a particular job or activity
2761 exhaust to finish all of the supply of something; to make someone very tired
2763 wander to move around or go to different places usually without having a particular
purpose or direction
2765 unite to join together, to come together for the same goal
2766 bell a hollow usually cup-shaped metal object that makes a ringing sound when it is
hit
2767 grain the seeds of plants (such as wheat, corn, and rice) that are used for food
2771 universe all of space and everything in it including stars, planets, galaxies, etc.
2773 empire a group of countries or regions that are controlled by one ruler or one
government
2775 fence a structure like a wall built outdoors usually of wood or metal that separates
two areas or prevents people or animals from entering or leaving
2776 luxury something expensive that you enjoy but do not need
2777 bite to press down on or cut into (someone or something) with the teeth
2780 curtain a piece of cloth that hangs down from above a window and can be used to cover
the window
2784 tent a portable shelter that is used outdoors, is made of cloth (such as canvas or
nylon), and is held up with poles and ropes
2785 stamp a small piece of paper that you buy and then stick to an envelope or package to
pay the cost of mailing it
2786 shore the land along the edge of an area of water (such as an ocean, lake, etc.)
2787 voluntary done or given by their own will and not forced to do
2788 genuine If a person or their feelings are genuine, they are sincere and honest; real
2790 panic a sudden, strong feeling of worry or fear that makes you unable to think or
behave calmly
2791 sheep an animal with a thick woolly coat that is often raised for meat or for its wool
and skin
2792 mayor the person who is elected to be the leader of the group that governs a town or
city
2796 wherever in what place; where - used in questions that express surprise or confusion
2797 refugee someone who has been forced to leave their country, especially because of a
war
2800 substitute a person or thing that makes the place instead of something
2801 rice small white or brown grains that come from a southeast Asian plant and that are
used for food
2802 aunt the sister of your father or mother or the wife of your uncle
2807 slice a flat piece of something that has been cut from a larger piece
2818 thirst an uncomfortable feeling that is caused by the need for something to drink