FACULTY of medicine & health science;

Department of public health

#2021

Full Name: _Farhio Abdullahi Hassan ID No.: __M419023__

Class: _PH191______Semester: _4______ Date: _17/3/2021____

Assignment 2
 Define occupational health hazard?
 Occupational hazard may be defined as a source or situation with a potential for harm in
terms of injury or ill health, damage to property, damage to the workplace environment, or a
combination of these

 Classification of occupational health hazards Can be:

o Accdents/injury

o Disease

TYPES OF OHH

Occupational hazards are divided into five groups according to their nature:

1) physical hazard(Environmental Hazards: ...), related to exposure to noise pollution,

vibration and shocks, illumination, radiation, heat, ventilation, air and water pollution. These
hazards cause redness of eyes, genetic disorders, cancer, sterility, hearing loss, nerve injury
.
etc., to workers ;

2) chemical hazard, related to exposure to gases, vapors, fumes, and chemicals that

cause injury to the employee when they are absorbed through skin and inhaling or ingesting.

Workers may suffer from respiratory diseases, skin diseases, allergy, heart disease, cancer

and neurological disorders. These diseases may be temporary or chronic in nature (often

shorten employee s life expectancy).

3) Biological hazard that include exposure to bacteria, fungi, viruses, insects, dietary

deficiencies, excessive drinking, allergies, brain fever, imbalances, tetanus, stresses and

strains. All these tell upon employee’s health.

4) Ergonomic hazard, include: Improperly adjusted workstations and chairs, Frequent lifting,

Poor posture, Awkward movements, especially if they are repetitive, Using too much force,
especially if it's done frequently,Vibration.

5) Psychological Hazards, Industrial/job stress caused by various stressors such as task

and role demands, organisational leadership, lack of group cohesion, intergroup and
interpersonal conflicts, life and career changes, etc., lead to emotional disturbances which, in
turn, lead to fatigue and exhaustion. All these affect health of employees

Most Exposures to the occupational health hazards

1) physical hazard include :

 industrial workers

 agriculture workers

 construction workers

 health workers

2) chemical hazard include :

 industrial workers

 agriculture workers

 health workers

3) Biological hazard include :

 agriculture workers

 health workers

4) Ergonomic hazard include :

 industrial workers

 agriculture workers
  health workers

 construction workers

 port workers

5) Psychological Hazards include :

 All workers (especially, those are not satisfying and not fit their work).

NOTE:

Millions of employees are exposed to Occupational health hazards that could develop

into health challenges in the years ahead. ... Occupational health is designed to protect employees from
potential risks and hazards on the job, assisting with everything from injury prevention to injury care.