Type of bond

•
Atom form
compound to achieve stable e- arrangement

Ionic Bond Covalent bond Dative Bond

Hydrogen Bond

Between Between & lion

•
Between
•
Between
•
metal and metal molecules
•
1 molecule
non metal non
only
- -

Donating ( receiving electron Sharing

• • • •
H , F , O and N atoms involve molecule with lone
-

of electron
Involving pair of
e

Metallic Bond

Between
•
same metal atom

•
Involve Sea of and metal
-

e ion

Ionic bond
•
• • t • • -

• ••
0 or • ⑧ • •
•••
• • •

•
• •
• O • ⑥
• Na •
•
0
Cl o •
A •
a • • a
• c ,
⑥ o • oooo

• o
O
•• ooo
•
• • O •
•

• •

Half equation for Na :

Nat
-

Na → te
-

Clt
-

! → Ce
Half equation for cl e

Covalent bond
3 of covalent bond
types

Single covalent bond Double covalent bond Triple covalent bond

• 0
• • • • • O O O
• •0
• Or •
•
• • 0
•
•
•
Off • °
• so •
° • • •
H H H B " • O
• I 0 of o o N • N • O
N
! N o
• -
O p • •
• O
B O O
• ②
• • O O O

Hydrogen bond
•
Attractive bond between
hydrogen attach to an
electronegative atom

Weaker than covalent bond

and Strongest Fluorine
•
ionic

I. Effect the
boiling point Onygen
More heat to bond
needed
hydrogen weakest
Nitrogen
-

energy overcome

The
higher the number of
hydrogen boiling point
-

bond , the the

higher
2. Effect the water
solubility in

Anything that form

hydrogen bond with H2O dissolve H2O
-

can can in

Dative bond
•
Also known as coordinate bond

•
A
type of covalent bond ( both from the same atom )
-

e come

Metallic bond
Within the
type
•
same of metal

II Metal atom contribute their valence electron into a pool of electron

② Metal will form cation

131 Attraction force between free electron and the t metal ion
produce metallic bond
 Properties of ionic compound
Properties Characteristic

arrangement Orderly manner

&
mp bp Very high
I
Rate of evaporation - ow due to
high bp
Electricity conductivity can conduct in molten /aqueous form cuz

got free moving ion

Solubility in water Can because water is a

polar solvent

Solubility organic in solvent No because its not

polar solvent

proPerties of covalent compound

2
type of covalent compound Simple Covalent
•
compound
Giant covalent compound
•
rffjylff
1) ample
en : tho, CO2 NHS
, , hydrogen chloride
Covalent bond
2)
Types of
bonding
Van der Waals force

Mp and Low due to weak der Waals

bp Van

rate of evaporation High

Does not conduct electric free
conductivity
electrical cuz no
moving ion

solubility Soluble in both H2O and organic solvent

giant
1) En
ample : Diamond ,
silicon dionide Gand )

2)
Type of
bonding covalent : bond

due to
Mp and bp High strong covalent bond

electrical because free

conductivity No no
moving ion

solubility insoluble both Heo and

organic solvent
in

covalent bond
strong
•
flatter giant covalent compound ,

1) Enample : Graphite - weak Van der

2)
Easily slide on
top of each other Waals

3) tow Distance between volume make its volume bigger

Density : .
Uses of ionic and covalent compound
1)
Industry Gypsum plaster Casa ,
.
2h20

Alcohol

Ammonium nitrate (fertiliser)

2) Medical field Iodine (antiseptic )

ethanol ( Hand Sanitizer)

Plaster of Paris