DESIGN OF RETAINING WALL SESSION 2017 CIVIL :

Cantilever RETAINIG WALL TYPE

Dimensions of R.W

Given is height

You have to decide all other dimensions;

B = ½ - 2/3 of the height

Lh > Lt

Tbase = h/10 – h/12

Tstem at top = lesser [Min 200 mm]

Tstem at bottom = Hstem/10 – hstem/14

Base on these guidelines

Stem at top = 0.2 m

Stem thickness at bottom = 0.4

Base width B = 3.4 m

Lh = 2 m

Lt = 1m

Tbase = 0.45

Vertical Forces

WEIGHTS---------------------------------------N

1. Central Stem= ϒc t stem height –

24000 x 0.2 x 6.0 = 28800.0 N

2 Front Stem Taper = 1/2 x 24000 x 0.0 x 6.0 = 0.0

3 Back Stem Taper=1/2 x 24000 x 0.2 x 6.0 = 14400.0 N

4 Base Slab=24000 x 3.4 x 0.45 = 36720.0

5 Key=24000 x 0.0 x 0.0 = 0.0 [no key]

6 Back Fill= ϒs x LH X hbf = 17600 x 2.0 x 5.5 = 193600.0

7 Taper Back Fill=0.5x17600 x 0.2 x 5.5= 9680.0

8 Front Fill=17600 x 1.0 x 1.3 = 22880.0

9 Surcharge= s x Lh = 3000 x 2.0 = 6000.0

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Total (Without Surcharge) V = 306080.0 [for stability checks]

(With Surcharge) V = 312080.0

Lateral Forces

Pressure Forces-------------------------------------------N
1−sin(𝜙)
Ca= 1+sin(𝜙) = 0.31

Cp = 1/Ca = 3.25

1 Active Earth Pressure H1= ½ Ca ϒs x h2 = 0.50 x 0.31 x 17600 x 5.95^2= 95723.9

2 Surcharge Lateral Pressure H2 = ca s h = 0.31 x 3000 x 5.95 = 5484.6

3 Passive Earth Pressure H3= ½ Cp ϒs x h12 = 0.50 x 3.25 x 17600 x 1.75^2= 87711.2

STABILITY OF RETAINING WALL

FOS against OT

Overturning Moment=H(i)xY(i) N-m

1 H1 X Y1 = 95723.9 x 1.983= 189853

2 H2 X Y2 = 5484.6 x 2.975= 16317

-------------------------

MOT = 206169 N-m

 Restoring Moment=W(i) x X(i) N-m

1 VC1 x X1 = 28800.0 x 1.100= 31680

2 .0 x 1.000= 0

3 14400.0 x 1.267= 18240

4 36720.0 x 1.700= 62424

5 .0 x 0.000= 0

6 193600.0 x 2.400= 464640

7 9680.0 x 1.333= 12907

8 22880.0 x 0.500= 11440

Surcharge force is ignored

--------------------------

MR = 601331

F.O.S. vs Overturning= MR/MOT = 601331/206169=2.92 > 2

Satisfied against overturning

========================================

Safety vs Sliding

----------------

Note: Sliding is Critical When No Surcharge Acts on Heel

Sliding Force = AEP Force + surcharge force = 95724+5485= 101209 N

Resisting Force= PEP Force + α (Sum of Vertical forces without surchange) =

87711+ 0.45 x 306080= 225447 N

FOS vs Sliding= 225447/101209= 2.23 > 1.5

Satisfied against sliding

Bearing check

Bearing should be checked for both cases , with surcharge & without surcharge

Without surcharge

X= (MR -MOT)/V = (601331-206169)/306080= 1.291 m

P=V = 306080 N 1

e = B/2 – X = 3.4/2 – 1.291

M= V x e = 306080x(1.700-1.291)=125174 N-m B

Area ; A=B x1 = 3.40 m2

Section modulus Z= I/Y = 3.40^2/6=1.93 m3

q1,2 = P / A ± M / Z

y2 = pH=25054 N/m2

y1 = pT=154993 N/m2

Safety vs Bearing y1 y2

The check for bearing may be apply here

First is [without surcharge]

FOS vs Bearing= ABC/Max Bearing pressure = 180000/154993=1.16

Safe for bearing without surcharge

Safety vs Bearing [2nd , with surcharge]

-----------------

Note: Bearing may be Critical When Surcharge Acts on Heel

X= (601331+6000.0x2.400-206169)/312080.0=1.312 m

P=312080.0 N

M=312080.0x(1.700-1.312)=120974 N-m

A=3.40 m2

Z=3.40^2/6=1.93 m3

p=P/A±M/Z

pH=28999 N/m2

pT=154578 N/m2

qa net = 180 kPa

FOS vs Bearing=180000/154578= 1.16

Bearing was Critical When NO SURCHARGE Acted on Heel

====================================================

Strength Design of Retaining wall

Moments and Shears in Wall Elements

Moments in N-m and Shears in N

-----------------------------------

Stem Shear=1.6x(81792.22x(5.189/5.500)^2

+5069.77x(5.189 / 5.500))= 131893

Stem Moment=1.6x(81792.22x1.833+5069.77x2.750)=

= 278620
Heel Shear= 1.6x6000+1.2x193600+1.2x21600= 311480 N

Heel Moment= 311480x 2.00/2= 311480 N-m

(Toe Stresses)

Pressure Under Toe=154993

Pressure at 1.0 From Toe= 116776

Shear at Junction=1.6x77496+1.6x58388-0.9x10800=221283

Shear at Critical Section= 221283+0.9x150x0.45x0.158

-1.6x116776x0.158=189861

Toe Moment= 1.6x77496x0.667+1.6x58388x0.333-0.9x10800x0.5=116056

------------------------------------------------------------

==== Design for Stem Steels ====

Shear at Critical Section= 131893

Shear Capacity of Section= .1666667x0.75xSQR(20)x1000x 300.73=190528

Shear Check for Stem OK

== Vertical Steels for Stem ==

Earth Side BF side [due to maximum moment in stem]=2647.66 Sq mm/m; Min 75 mm

Cover
Exposed Side [ as per ACI criteria]= 0.5x0.0015x 1000x300.0= 225.00 Sq mm/m; Min 50
mm Cover

== Horizontal Steels for Stem [ ACI criteria] =

= 0.5x0.0025x1000x300.0=375.00 Sq mm/m on Each Face

==== Design for Steels in Base Slab ====

Shear Capacity of Section= .1666667x0.75xSQR(20)x1000x361.1= 228776

Ciritical Shear in Base= 311480 [larger shear out of heel and toe shear]

*** Shear Failure: Revise the Section Depth

Provided d for Base=361.1

Required d = Vmax/0.75 x1/6 xSQR(fc’) b=

=311480/( .1666667x0.75xSQR(20))x1000=491.64

Added d for Shear=130.54

== Main Steel for Heel (Top Face) = due to maximum moment in heel ==

1753.30 Sq mm/m; Min 75 mm Cover

== Main Steel for Toe (Bottom Face) = due to max moment in Toe==

Designed on Minimum Steel Ratio (Beam)

1203.67 Sq mm/m; Min 75 mm Cover

== Distribution Steel in Base Slab [ACI min slab steel] ==

= 0.0018x1000x450.0 = 810.00 Sq mm/m on Each Face