Mirza Shahrukh Baig

18U00166

Environmental studies

Section K

Assignment 1

1. Hypothesis

H0: Organic farming is better than chemical based farming

H1: Organic farming in not better than chemical based farming

We will reject H1 and accept H0 as organic farming is much more cost effective and produce
much more yield than chemical farming

2. ADAVANTAGES OF ORGANIC

• Organic farming is the process of growing plants or produce without using industrial
chemicals.

• Organic farming depends on farming practices like crop rotation, green manure, compost,
and biological pest control.

• Organic farming is done by collaborating with nature.

• It does not cause any pollution.

3. DISADVANTAGES OF CHEMICAL FARMING

• It causes air, water, and soil pollution.

• It uses chemical fertilizers.

• It uses Chemical insecticides that can affect the plant.

• Against nature

• Blocks microbial life

 4. Case Study

As in the video, farmer has used techniques of old farming. He has used cow dung which is a
most important source of bio-fertilizer and used in many developing countries for generating
energy. Manure is an important input for maintaining and enhancing soil fertility. It also contains
cow urine, wheat, 2-3 years old sugar jaggery, fertile soil. This documentary also made us aware
of the fact that organic farming is much more beneficial for health and also the soil doesn’t get
infertile in long run.
Cost of Organic Farming in Pakistan:

Land: 1 Acre

Rice crop takes 100-120 days to harvest

Calculating the price in Pakistani currency:

Organic farming

110 PKR 1Kg Jaggery (1 kg for 1 acre)

9.9 PKR 1 Kg SAND

10 PKR 1 Kg DUNG (15 kg for 1 acre)

60 PKR 1 Kg ATTA for acre

Seed: Rs 4000 per acre

Water Expenses: Rs 14000 per acre

Labour cost: Rs5000 per acre

Total cost

Quantity * price

110 + 9.9 + 150 + 60 + 4000 + 14000 + 5000

= 19320.9 Rs per acre

Yield per acre 55 mun

Price per mun= 2000 Rs

Total revenue= 110000 per acre

Profit = 110000 – 19320.9

= 90679.1 per acre

Cost of chemical Farming in Pakistan:

MOP: Rs 3000 per acre

Urea (3 bags per acre): Rs 5000 per acre

Zinc: Rs 1000 per acre

Seed: Rs 4000 per acre

Water Expenses: Rs 14000 per acre

Labour cost: Rs5000 per acre

Total cost

3000 + 5000 + 1000 + 4000 + 14000 + 5000

= 32000 Rs per acre

Yield per acre 40 mun

Price per mun= 2000 Rs

Total revenue= 80000 per acre

Profit = 80000 – 32000

48000 per acre

Results show that organic farmers are getting a higher profit compared to inorganic farmers. This
suggests that organic farmers are better off in terms of output price.

We will conclude that organic farming is better than chemical farming