University of Engineering and Technology, Taxila

Electrical Engineering Department

Lab Manuals
For the Course of
POWER ELECTRONICS

Lab 9
Analyses and Design of Buck-Boost Convertor using Power
MOSEFT

Submitted to: Ma’am Zainab Shahid

Submitted by: Group 5

Hania Rehman 17-EE-03
Rimsha Saeed 17-EE-06
Alveen Zainab 17-EE-33
Fatima Naveed 17-EE-36
Hira Kiran 17-EE-48
Sana Munawar 17-EE-66
Anoosha Rani 17-EE-69
 Lab 09: Analyses and design of buck-boost convertor using power MOSEFT

Objectives
• To develop understanding of buck-boost convertors and their working, characteristics and
parameters
• To analyze their voltage and current graphs as well as the inductor current ripples and output
voltage ripples
• To analyze the effect of duty cycle at output, and apparent power at input and output

Software used: NI Multisim 14.2

Theoretical Background
Buck-Boost Convertor
Depending upon its duty cycle, 𝐷𝐷, a buck-boost Convertor operate as a either a DC-to-DC step-down
converter or a DC-to-DC step-up converter. The buck–boost converter has an output voltage
magnitude that is either greater than or less than the input voltage level, as per requirement. A typical
buck-boost convertor is shown in Figure 1.

Figure 1. Buck-Boost Convertor

Working Principle
→ When the switch is closed, the input voltage source is directly connected to the inductor, and
current flow through the inductor.
→ This results in the accumulation of energy in the inductor due to the magnetic field generated
across it.
→ At this stage, the capacitor supplies energy to the load at the output.
→ When the switch is opened, the supply voltage no longer remains a part of the circuit.
→ At this stage, the inductor is connected to the output load and capacitor.
→ So, the accumulated energy is transferred from the inductor to capacitor and resistor.

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→ The inductor current in steady state rises from a value with a positive slope to a maximum value
during the ON state and then drops back down to the initial value with a negative slope. Therefore,
the net change of the inductor current over any one complete cycle is zero.

Applications
The technology of buck-boost converters is utilized around the world to provide regulated low-
voltage DC-to-DC power in nearly every electronics market. These convertors are an excellent
solution for low-power conversion needs. Moreover, they are also used in the self-regulating power
supplies, consumer electronics, battery powered portable systems, adaptive control applications,
power amplifier circuits.

Device Limitations
Some of the pitfalls of using buck-boost converters include,
• A very high output voltage
• Low operating duty cycle
• Low voltage on MOSFETs
• Cannot achieve high gain because efficiency is too poor
• Inverted output which results in complex sensing and requires a feedback circuit.

Lab Tasks
Task 1: Duty Cycle variations and appararent power calculations
• When duty cycle is 50%

D=50

Analysis
Input and output powers can be determined as,
𝑃𝑃𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 = 𝑉𝑉𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖(𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟) 𝐼𝐼𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖(𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟) = (7.07)(0.964) = 6.82 𝑊𝑊
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 𝑃𝑃𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 = 𝑉𝑉𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜(𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟) 𝐼𝐼𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜(𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟) = (9.55)(0.955) = 9.12 𝑊𝑊
The apparent power at output is 25.2% more than the input power in a buck-boost convertor at 50%
duty cycle.

• When duty cycle is less than 50% (i.e., buck convertor case)

D=30

Analysis
Duty cycle has a direct relationship with the output voltage and current. When the duty cycle is
reduced from 50 to 30, the buck-boost convertor performs bucking action. Here, the output voltage
falls from −9.52𝑉𝑉 to −3.87𝑉𝑉 and output current decreases from −953𝐴𝐴 to −385𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚. Input and
output powers can be determined as,
𝑃𝑃𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 = 𝑉𝑉𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖(𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟) 𝐼𝐼𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖(𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟) = (5.48)(0.170) = 0.932 𝑊𝑊
𝑃𝑃𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 = 𝑉𝑉𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜(𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟) 𝐼𝐼𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜(𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟) = (3.93)(0.393) = 1.54 𝑊𝑊
The apparent power at output is 39.5% more than the input power in a buck-boost convertor when
its performs the bucking action.

• When duty cycle is greater than 50% (i.e., boost convertor case)

D=70

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Analysis
Duty cycle has a direct relationship with the output voltage and current. When the duty cycle is
increased from 50 to 70, the buck-boost convertor performs boosting action. Here, the output voltage
rises from −9.52𝑉𝑉 to −22.6𝑉𝑉 and output current increases from −953𝐴𝐴 to −2.26𝐴𝐴. Input and output
powers can be determined as,
𝑃𝑃𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 = 𝑉𝑉𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖(𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟) 𝐼𝐼𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖(𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟) = (8.37)(5.27) = 44.1 𝑊𝑊
𝑃𝑃𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 = 𝑉𝑉𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜(𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟) 𝐼𝐼𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜(𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟) = (22.4)(2.24) = 50.2 𝑊𝑊
The apparent power at output is 12.2% more than the input power in a buck-boost convertor when
its performs the boosting action.

Task 2: Voltage – Current graphs

• Voltages

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Analysis
The voltage across the first inductor (represented by red marker) is a rectangular pulse. Its positive
peak is around 10𝑉𝑉 while negative peak is at −1𝑉𝑉. With the passage of time, the ripples attain equal
magnitude. At such a time, steady state is achieved and area under the curve becomes zero.
Similarly, the voltage across the second inductor (represented by blue marker) has achived its steady
state. Its positive peak is around +11𝑉𝑉 while negative peak at −11𝑉𝑉. The total area under the curve
is zero.
The output voltage (represented by green marker) is inverted. This is one of the speciality of buck-
boost convertor. Here, peak-to-peak output voltage is 10.4𝑉𝑉.

• Currents

Analysis
The current across the first inductor is a constant DC value (around 0.87𝐴𝐴) as represented by red
marker. If we increase the simulation time, ripples could be observed.
And for the second inductor, just like the output voltage, its waveform is inverted. If we increase the
simulation time, some part of the inductor current waveform could be observed in the positive y-axis.

Conclusions
• Buck-boost convertor can be used in the applications where simultaneous boosting and bucking
actions are required. However, its efficiency is not very high.
• The use of a large capacitor increases the amplitude of ripples at the output voltage.
• If inductance is set to be large enough, a drop could be observed at the output voltage.
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