Indian Institute of Technology Madras

Department of Mathematics
MA2020 − Differential Equations
End Semester Examination
Maximum Marks: 60
Date: 06-06-2021 Time: 10:00-14:00 hours
Answer all fourteen questions in detail.
Write your Roll number, Name, and Today’s date
on the top of the first page of your answer script.
Scan all your solutions to a single pdf file.
Name the file as hYour-Roll-Numberi-june06-ma2020.pdf.
Send the file to asingh@smail.iitm.ac.in before 14:00 hours on June 06, 2021.

𝑑𝑦
1. Solve the differential equation 2𝑥𝑦 = 𝑥2 − 𝑦2. [4]
𝑑𝑥
2. Solve the differential equation (3𝑦 − 7𝑥 + 7) 𝑑𝑥 + (7𝑦 − 3𝑥 + 3) 𝑑𝑦 = 0 given that
𝑦(0) = 0. [4]
𝑑𝑦
3. Solve the differential equation 𝑥𝑦(1 + 𝑥𝑦 2 ) = 1. [4]
𝑑𝑥
𝑑2 𝑦
4. Find a particular solution of the differential equation − 𝑦 = 2𝑥 2 − 𝑥 − 3 by the
𝑑𝑥 2
method of undetermined coefficients. Hence, obtain the general solution. [4]

5. Using the method of variation of parameters, determine a particular integral of the

differential equation 𝑦00 + 4𝑦0 + 4𝑦 = sin 𝑥. Hence, find the general solution. [4]

6. Find the first four nonzero terms in the power series solution of the ODE
𝑦00 + (𝑦 2 − 1)𝑦0 + 𝑦 = 0 subject to the conditions 𝑦(0) = 0 and 𝑦0 (0) = 1 . [4]

7. Find the first four nonzero terms in the power series solution of the initial value
problem 𝑥𝑦00 + 2𝑦0 + 𝑥𝑒 𝑦 = 0, 𝑦(0) = 𝑦0 (0) = 1. [4]

8. Let 𝑃𝑛 (𝑥) denote the Legendre polynomial of degree 𝑛. It is known that

(𝑛 + 1)𝑃𝑛+1 (𝑥) = (2𝑛 + 1)𝑥𝑃𝑛 (𝑥) − 𝑛𝑃𝑛−1 (𝑥) and 𝑥𝑃0𝑛 (𝑥) = 𝑛𝑃𝑛 (𝑥) + 𝑃0𝑛−1 (𝑥).
Show that 𝑃0𝑛 (𝑥) = (2𝑛 − 1)𝑃𝑛−1 (𝑥) + (2𝑛 − 5)𝑃𝑛−3 (𝑥) + (2𝑛 − 9)𝑃𝑛−5 (𝑥) + · · ·
where the last term is 3𝑃1 (𝑥) or 𝑃0 (𝑥) according as 𝑛 is even or odd. [4]

9. Let 𝑛 ≥ 1 and 𝑥 > 0. Let 𝐽𝑛 (𝑥) denote the Bessel function of the first kind and
order 𝑛. Prove the following recurrence relations: [2+2]
(a) 𝑥𝐽𝑛0 (𝑥) = −𝑛𝐽𝑛 (𝑥) + 𝑥𝐽𝑛−1 (𝑥)
∫𝑥
(b) 0 𝑡 𝑛+1 𝐽𝑛 (𝑡) 𝑑𝑡 = 𝑥 𝑛+1 𝐽𝑛+1 (𝑥).
10. Find all eigenvalues and corresponding eigenfunctions of the Sturm-Liouville
problem 𝑦00 − 4𝜆𝑦0 + 4𝜆2 𝑦 = 0, 𝑦(0) = 0, 𝑦(1) + 𝑦0 (1) = 0. [4]

11. Find the general solution of the PDE 𝑦 2 𝑢 𝑥𝑥 − 2𝑦𝑢 𝑥𝑦 + 𝑢 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑢 𝑥 + 6𝑦 by reducing

it into its canonical form. [4+3]
∞
4 Õ cos[(2𝑛 + 1)𝑡] sin[(2𝑛 + 1)𝑥]
12. If 𝑢(𝑥, 𝑡) = is the solution of the wave
𝜋 𝑛=0 2𝑛 + 1
equation 𝑢 𝑡𝑡 − 𝑢 𝑥𝑥 = 0 that satisfies the initial conditions 𝑢(𝑥, 0) = 1, 𝑢 𝑡 (𝑥, 0) = 0
and the boundary conditions 𝑢(0, 𝑡) = 0 = 𝑢(𝜋, 𝑡), then show the following:
(a) 𝑢 = 0 is the solution in the region 0 < 𝑥 − 𝑡 < 𝜋, 𝜋 < 𝑥 + 𝑡 < 2𝜋. [3]
(b) 𝑢 = −1 is the solution in the region −𝜋 < 𝑥 − 𝑡 < 0, 𝜋 < 𝑥 + 𝑡 < 2𝜋. [3]

13. Find the solution of the heat equation in the domain 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 1, 𝑡 ≥ 0 with the
initial temperature 𝑥 2 𝑒 −𝑥 given that there is no heat flux at the boundary. [3]

14. Find the solution of the Laplace equation in a circular sector of radius 2 with sector
angle being 𝜋/2. [4]