Design of single-pitched Roof Truss

Span = 9m
Shed Length = 18 m
Building Clear height upto the eaves = 8m

Structural form
A trapezoidal truss is adopted with
Roof slope of 1 to 4
Full height at mid-span of 2.9 m
and End depth of 0 m

Truss Spacing
Truss spacing should be in the region of 1/4 to 1/5 of the span length.
For 5 m spacing,
Span/Spacing = 1.8454724 NG
Then,
Number of bays = 3.6909449 no.

Truss Configuration

0.5

2.50
1

1.00

9
6.00

8 @ 1.13 m = 9 m
25.00
Load Calculation

Dead Load [IS875:1987 Pt.1]

GI Sheeting = 0.060 kN/m2
Fixings = 0.025 kN/m2
Services = 0.100 kN/m2
Total Load = 0.185 kN/m2
load on purlin = 0.208 kN/m

Imposed Load [IS875:1987 Pt.2]

Live Load = 0.67 kN/m2
load on purlin = 0.75 kN/m

Wind Load [IS875:1987 Pt.3]

Wind load F on a roof truss by static wind method is given by
F = (Cpe – Cpi) × A × pd
Where Cpe and Cpi are force coefficients for exterior and interior of the building.

Value of Cpi
Assume wall openings between
Then,
Cpi = ± 0.2

Value of Cpe
Roof angle, α = 14.00 ⁰
Height of the building to eaves = 8.00 m
Lesser dimension of the building in plan, w = 9.00 m

Building height to width ratio, h/w = 0.89

Here, ℎ/𝑤
0.5 < < 1.5
 Wind direction normal Wind direction
Roof to the ridge parallel to the ridge
h/w
Angle, α Windward Leeward Windward Leeward
side side side side
10 -1.1 -0.6 -0.8 -0.6
20 -0.7 -0.5 -0.8 -0.6
0.89
By interpolation,
14.00 -0.9 -0.6 -0.8 -0.6

Value of pd
Basic wind speed (Vb) = 47.00 m/s
Total height of building = 10.90 m
Design wind speed vz is given by
Vz = k1 × k2 × k3 × Vb
Here,
Risk Coefficient, k1 = 1.00
(Assuming the industrial building as general building and its
probable life about 50 years.)

Terrain, height, structure size factor, k2

Roof elevation = 8 m to 10.9 m
Terrain Category = Category 3

Greater dimension of the building in plan, L = 18 m

Structure Class = Class A

Height (m) Terrain category and class of building factor

4m 1

For 10.9 m, k2 = 1.00

Topography factor, k3 (assume) = 1.00

Then,
Vz = k1 × k2 × k3 × Vb = 47.00 m/s
And,
Design wind pressure, Pd = 0.6 × Vz2 = 1.33 kN/m2
Wind Load on Roof Truss
Pressure Coefficent
(Cpe – Cpi)
Wind Cpe
Angle Wind Lee Cpi Wind Lee
ward ward ward ward
-0.9 -0.6 0.2 -1.1 -0.8
0
-0.2 -0.7 -0.4
-0.8 -0.6 0.2 -1.0 -0.8
90
-0.2 -0.6 -0.4
windward Load on purlin = -1.51 kn/m
leeward Load on purlin -1.01 kn/m
Design of Foundation

Design Condition
Material Properties
Characteristic Strength of concrete, fck (adopt) = 20 MPa
Characteristic strength of rebars, fy (adopt) = 500 MPa
Allowable bearing pressure on soil = 125 kN/m2
Required depth of footing bottom below ground level = 1.5 m
Unit Weight of soil below backfill = 18 kN/m3

Loads on Foundation (from SAP2000 analysis)

Combo I Combo II
Compression (kN) 125 125
Tension/Uplift (kN) - 100
Shear at Column base (kN) 0 0
Moment (kNm) 0 0

Column Base Plate

Column width as per design = 150 mm
A base plate of 400 x 400 x 25 mm shall be used.
Allowable bearing pressure on the pedestal = 2.01 N/mm2

Development Length of Anchor Bolts

Anchor bolts are placed at an offset of 60 mm from the face of column.
Then,
Total Tension in the anchor bolts = 145.00 kN
If a total of 6 - 20 mm-φ bolts be used, then,
Tension in each bolt = 48.33 kN
Net area of a 20 mm-φ bolt = 236 mm2

Stress in steel in limit state of collapse = 307.70 N/mm2

So,
Development length required = 600 mm

Embed the anchor bolts 600 mm in the concrete.

Design of Pedestal
A pedestal of 0.40 x 0.40 x 1.05 m shall be used.

Check for Uplift

Self-weight of pedestal = 4.2 kN
Self-weight of footing = 101.25 kN
Deducting the uplift force, Net downward load = 5.45 kN
No uplift hence OK.

For combo I,
Net downward load = 129.2 kN
Moment at the base of pedestal due to shear = 0 kNm
Total Moment at base of pedestal = 0 kNm
Then,
Design Compression = 129.2 kN
Design Moment = 0 kNm

𝑃_𝑢/(𝑓_𝑐𝑘 𝑏𝐷)= 𝑀_𝑢/(𝑓_𝑐𝑘 𝑏𝐷^2 )=

0.040 and 0.000

For Fe500 and d'/D = 0.14 ,

𝑝/𝑓_𝑐𝑘 = 0.01 => p = 0.20

Area of Longitudinal reinforcement required = 320 mm2

(checked against a minimum of 0.8 0.15 %) [IS456:2000 Cl.26.5.3.1]
Diameter of bars = 12 mm
Clear cover = 50 mm
No. of bars required = 4

Provide 4 - 12 mm dia bars.

Again,
Use tie diameter = 8 mm
Spacing of ties shall be least of:
i) least lateral dimension = 400 mm
ii) 16 times main bar dia. = 192 mm
iii) 48 times tie dia. = 384 mm
iv) 300 mm
Provide spacing = 190 mm

Provide 8 mm dia lateral ties @ 190 mm c/c.

Design of Footing
Direct Load from pedestal, W1 = 129.20 kN
Moment from pedestal = 0.00 kNm

Try a footing: 3.00 x 3.00 x 0.45 m

Weight of footing, W2 = 101.25 kN

Weight of soil above footing, W3 = 167.076 kN

Then,
Total Vertical Load = 397.53 kN
Overturning Moment = 0.00 kNm

𝑏/6
Eccentricity of resultant vertical force = 0.00 m < = 0.50 m
Therefore,
Base pressure distribution is triangular with no part in tension.
Width of footing in contact with soil = 3.00 m
Now,
Maximum pressure = 44.17 kN/m2 < 1.25 x 125 kN/m2 = 156.25 kN/m2 OK

Pressure ordinate at the face of pedestal = 44.17 kN/m2

 Downward pressure due to self-weight of soil and concrete = 30.15 kN/m2
Then,
Length of foundation slab off the face of pedestal = 1.3 m
Factored BM about the face of pedestal = 17.77 kNm/m
Diameter of bars = 12 mm
Clear Cover = 75 mm
Effective depth required = 81.73 mm
Effective depth provided = 369 mm OK
Area of steel required = 443 mm2
(checked against minimum reinforcement of 0.12% )
Spacing required = 255 mm
Spacing provided = 150 mm

Provide 12 mm dia bars @ 150 mm c/c on top and bottom both ways.

Check for Punching Shear

Vertical Load as of Load Combo I = 125.00 kN
Area resisting punching shear = 325125 mm2
Punching shear stress developed = 0.38 N/mm2
Permissible shear stress = 1.12 N/mm2 OK

No shear reinforcement is needed.

 BEAM-COLUMN CONNECTION
Max. shear force 60 kN beam height 250 mm
Max. bending moment 55 kNm

1. To transfer moment (Welded Seat angle connection on top and bottom flange)
     

Tension in top flange

220 kN

Required sectional area of seat angle

968 mm2
Length of angle
100 mm
Thickness of angle
9.68 mm
Thus, provide 100 x 100 x 12 angle

Using a 6 mm fillet weld (

) to connect angle to flange

Required length of weld

209.5238 mm
Length of weld provided
240 mm hence ok
Same weld design is used to connect angle to column

2.       To Transfer Shear (Web angle connection- bolted to beam’s web and welded to column)

Height of 65 x 65 x 6web angle

LENGTH OF ANGLE 150 mm
Shear transferred by each angle
30 kN
Design of bolted connection ( Angle to beam’s web)

Use 4.6 grade bolts of M12 size. Bolts are in double shear.

Design shear strength

31.03926 kN
Number of bolts required provide 3 Nos. of M12-4.6 bolts.
1.771949

Design of welded connection ( Angle to column)

Using a 6 mm fillet weld to connect angle to column

eccentricity
65 mm

Resultant stress on weld

 truss shoe angle
Dead load
Wind load

Tension force per

bolt,ft(vertical)
Shear force per
bolt,fs(horizontal)
Capacity of bolt in tension,Ft
Capacity of bolt in shear, Fs

check #DIV/0!