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Safety is a state of mind; before it comes as state of act.

Q1. What is Safety?
A. Safety can be defined as freedom from those conditions that can cause to injury or
death to personnel or damage to property / environment.
Q2. What is Fire?
A. Fire is the rapid oxidization of material with the evolution of light & heat.
Q3. What is Hazard?
A. Something with the potential to cause harm.
Q4. What is Risk?
A. The likelihood that the hazard will cause harm in combination with severity of injury,
damage or loss that might occur.
Q5. What is Risk Assessment?
A. A formalized process of identifying hazard, assessing the risk that they generate and
then either eliminating or controlling the risk to an acceptable level.
Q6. What are the steps of risk assessment?
A. Identify the hazard,
B. Identify who might be in harm & how,
C. Evaluate the risk,
D. Record your findings,
E. Review the assessment.
Q7. What is Unsafe Act & Unsafe Condition?
A. Unsafe Act:- Performance of a task that is conducted in a manner that may threaten
the health or safety of workers,
B. Unsafe Condition: - A condition in the workplace that is likely to cause property
damage or injury.
Q8. What is Immediate Dangerous to Life & Health, IDLH?
A. An exposure to airborne contaminant that is likely to cause death or immediate or
delayed permanent adverse health effect.
Q9. What is Threshold Limit Value, TLV?
A. TLV of a chemical substance is a level, at which a worker can be exposed day after
day for the working lifetime without any adverse health effect.
Q10. What is Work-Related Ill-Health?
A. Harm to workers health caused by their work.

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Q11. What is Dangerous Occurrences?

A. A specified event that has to be reported to the relevant authority by state law.
Q12. What is Occupational Injury & Occupational Illness?
It is an abnormal condition or disorder. Injuries such as cut’s, fracture, sprain or
amputation.
Illness include both acute and chronic illness such as, skin disease, respiratory
disorder or poisoning.
Q13. What is Accident?
A. Is an unplanned, uncontrolled, undesired event which leads to loss of both men &
material.
Q14. What is Incident?
A. Any event that could have, or did result in injury, damage or loss.
Q15. What is Environmental Incident?
A. Any unplanned release of pollutant in the Air, Water or Soil.
Q16. What is Near Miss?
A. Is an incident which did not result in personal injury and / or property damage.
Q17. What is First-Aid Case?
A. Any one time treatment and subsequent observation of minor scratches, cuts, burns
and so forth which do not ordinarily require medical care by physicians.
Q18. What is Lost Time Accident, LTA?
A. LTA is an occupational injury is bodily damage resulting from working.
Q19. What is Lost Time Injury, LTI?
A. Due to accident or incident, that forces the employee or employer to remain away
from his work beyond the day of the incident or for the next shift.
Q20.What is Occupational Illness?
A. Any abnormal condition or disorder resulting occupational injury to fact associated
with work environment.
Q21. What is Lock-Out Tag-Out, LOTO?
A. LOTO program is designed to prevent any unexpected activation of energy.
Q22. What is Fire point?
A. The lowest temperature at which a vapor can burn continuously after being ignited.
Q23. What is Flash Point?

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A. The lowest temperature at which it can vaporize to form an ignitable mixture in air.
Q24. What is Combustible Liquid?
A. Any liquid having the flash point of at or above 37.8 Degree Celsius.
Q25. What is work permit?
A. It is a written document issued by authorized person by permitting a specific task on
a specific time frame in a defined area.
Q26. What is inert entry?
A. One of the most dangerous confined space entries is when an inert atmosphere is
present. Inert or “non-reactive” atmospheres are used to displace oxygen or other
reactive gases when the presence of that gas presents an explosion risk to either the
process being performed or the compounds being stored.
Q27. What is inert atmosphere?
A. A space having an atmosphere containing less than 19.5% oxygen due to the presence of an
inert gas. To prevent ignition, the atmosphere must be less than 5% oxygen.
Q28. What is inert Gas?
A. A gas that exhibits great stability and has an extremely low reaction rate. (Nitrogen,
helium, argon, CO2)
Q29. What is Purging?
A. The intended displacement of the contents of equipment or systems with an inert gas
to eliminate the dangers of a reaction.
Q30. What is Asphyxiation?
A. The loss of consciousness or life due to a lack of obstruction of oxygen .
Q31. What is Confined Space?
A. A space large enough and configured so a person can bodily enter; has limited or
restricted means of entry or exit; is not designed for continuous occupancy .

Q32. What is Pyrophoric Material?

A. The materials which will spontaneously combust when exposed to air

B. Material that will ignite spontaneously in air at 13°C (55.4°F) or below, without the
presence of any flame or spark.

Q33. What is static electricity?

Static electricity is an imbalance of electric charges within or on the surface of a material.
The charge remains until it is able to move away by means of an electric current or
electrical discharge.
A static electric charge is created whenever two surfaces contact and separate, and at
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least one of the surfaces has a high resistance to electrical current.

Q34. What is BLEVE?
A boiling liquid expanding vapor explosion (BLEVE) is an explosion caused by the rupture
of a vessel containing a pressurized liquid above its boiling point.
Q35. What is Vapor Cloud Explosion?
An explosion occurring outdoors beginning with the unplanned release of a large quantity of
flammable gas or vaporizing liquid which ignites following the formation of a cloud or plume
of pre-mixed fuel and air.
Q36. Types of Scaffold?

1. Supported scaffolds, which consist of one or more platforms supported by rigid, load-
bearing members, such as poles, legs, frames, outriggers, etc.
2. Suspended scaffolds, which are one or more platforms suspended by ropes or other
non-rigid, overhead support.
3. Other scaffolds, principally man-lifts, personnel hoists, etc., which are sometimes
thought of as vehicles or machinery, but can be regarded as another type of supported
scaffold.

Q37. What is Short-term exposure limit (STEL)?

STEL is a term used in occupational health, industrial hygiene and toxicology. A short-
term exposure limit (STEL) is the acceptable average exposure over a short period of
time, usually 15 minutes as long as the time-weighted average is not exceeded.

Q38. What is Blinding or blanking?

Blanking or blinding" means the absolute closure of a pipe, line, or duct by the fastening
of a solid plate (such as a spectacle blind or a skillet blind) that completely covers the
bore and that is capable of withstanding the maximum pressure of the pipe, line, or duct
with no leakage beyond the plate.

Q39. What is process safety?

Process safety is a blend of engineering and management skills focused on preventing

catastrophic accidents and near misses, particularly structural collapse, explosions, fires
and toxic releases associated with loss of containment of energy or dangerous
substances such as chemicals and petroleum products

Q40. What is Job Safety Analysis?

A job safety analysis (JSA) is a procedure which helps integrate accepted safety and
health principles and practices into a particular task or job operation. In a JSA, each
basic step of the job is to identify potential hazards and to recommend the safest way to
do the job.

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Q41. What is Industrial radiography?

Industrial radiography is a method of non-destructive testing used to verify the internal

structure and integrity of the specimen. Industrial Radiography can be performed
utilizing either X-rays or gamma rays. Both are forms of electromagnetic radiation.

Q42. What is Lower Explosive Limit (LEL)?

Lowest concentration (percentage) of a gas or vapor in air capable of producing a flash

of fire in presence of an ignition source (arc, flame, heat). Concentrations lower
than LEL are 'too lean' to burn. Also called lower flammable limit (LFL).

Q43. What is Upper Explosive Limit (UEL)?

Highest concentration (percentage) of a gas or vapor in air capable of producing a flash

of fire in presence of an ignition source (arch, flame, heat). Concentrations higher
than UEL are 'too rich' to burn. Also called upper flammable limit (UFL).

Q44. What is Catalyst?

A substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without itself undergoing any
permanent chemical change.

Q45. What is the difference between JSA and Risk Assessment?

JSA is the careful study of each step in a job, identify the hazards in those steps and the
safety measures to avoid these hazards.

While risk assessment is an evaluation of risk at each step of an activity by classifying

and identifying probability and severity.

Q46. What is intrinsic safety?

Intrinsic safety is a design technique applied to electrical equipment and wiring for
hazardous locations. The technique is based on limiting energy, electrical and thermal,
to a level below that required to ignite a specific hazardous atmospheric mixture.

Q47. How is intrinsic safety defined?

Intrinsically safe equipment and wiring shall not be capable of releasing sufficient
electrical or thermal energy under normal or abnormal conditions to cause ignition of a
flammable or combustible atmospheric mixture in its most easily ignitable concentration. 

Q48. Suspension trauma can cause?

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 Dizziness
 Nausea
 Heart palpitation
 Death

Q49. Trauma relief strap can be useful for,

 Provide short term relief from the effects of Orthostatic intolerance (EM 385
regulation )
 Allow blood flow to lower extremities
 Speed up recovery after rescue
 Reduce fatigue and provide some relief to the fall victim while waiting for rescue
 Do not replace a comprehensive rescue plan, but are an important component of
one

Q50. What is hydrostatic test?

A hydrostatic test is a way in which pressure vessels such as pipelines, plumbing, gas

cylinders, boilers and fuel tanks can be tested for strength and leaks. The test involves
filling the vessel or pipe system with a liquid, usually water, which may be dyed to aid in
visual leak detection, and pressurization of the vessel to the specified test pressure

Q51. What is pneumatic test?

Strength testing is a technique used in the oil and gas industry to prove the mechanical
strength and integrity of pressure containing components in a system. The purpose of
pneumatic strength testing is to verify that a system may be safely subjected to its
maximum operating pressure by testing it beyond its designed pressure limit. The
pneumatic strength test uses air, or an inert gas medium such as nitrogen, to pressurize
the system to 110% of its designed pressure limit.

Q52. Basic components of scaffolding?

1. Standards - The standards also known as uprights; they are perpendicular tubes that
shift the entire weight of the structure to the ground where they lean on a square base
plate to scatter the weight.

2. Ledgers - Ledgers are flat tubes that join between the standards.

3. Transoms - Transoms lean on the ledgers at the right angles. Major transoms are
positioned next to the standards; they support the standards that are in place and give
support for the boards. To render additional support for the boards, intermediate
transoms are placed between the main transoms.

4. Scaffold Tubes - Scaffold tubes are generally made of aluminum or steel though
there is composite scaffolding that utilizes fibril-wound tubes of glass fiber in a polyester

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or nylon matrix due to the high cost of composite tube, which is normally used only when
there is a danger from overhead electric cables that can’t be cut off.

5. Scaffold Couplers - Couplers are fittings that hold the tubes together. The most
familiar are known as scaffold couplers and there are three basic types, which are Putlog
Couplers, Right-angle Couplers and Swivel Couplers.

6. Adjustable Base Plates - You can select from different height-adjustable base
plates that come with strong and self-cleaning round threads to adjust to the ground. It
comes with color and notch markings to render safeguard against over-winding.

7. Diagonal Braces - The diagonal braces with wedge locks further support the basic
structure comprising of vertical standards and ledgers. Additionally, their high connection
standards assist special structures.

8. Toe Boards - Between vertical standards, toe boards are placed. Toe boards are
obtainable in aluminum, steel or wood. The toe board of steel lowers the fire hazard and
also lasts long. Because of its design, there are no openings or gaps between the deck
and the toe board.

9. Decks (planks) - Decks are also referred as planks and they are available in
aluminum, aluminum frame with plywood board and hot-dip galvanized steel. Decks are
a structural component and so ledgers aren’t needed at the deck level, which not only
saves cost but also weight.

Q53. Auto-ignition temperature?

The auto-ignition temperature or kindling point of a substance is the

lowest temperature at which it spontaneously ignites in normal atmosphere without an
external source of ignition, such as a flame or spark.

Q54. What is time-weighted average?

A time-weighted average is used to calculate a workers daily exposure to a hazardous

substance (such as chemicals, dusts, fumes, mists, gases, or vapors) or agent (such as
occupational noise), averaged to an 8-hour workday, taking into account the average
levels of the substance or agent and the time spent in the area.

Q55.

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