Story For Little Children 2 Burmese Version

uav;wdt
Yk wGuf
yHjk yifrsm;
trSwpf Of 2
Drum Publication Group

usd.w>&RvDRvHmvJ>w>rRu±l>
uav;wdk‹twGufykjH yifrsm; (trSwfpOf 2)
Stories For Little Children 2 (Burmese version)
Drum Publication Group

P.O Box 66
Kanchanaburi 71000
Thailand
drum@drumpublications.org
www.drumpublications.org
September, 2009
ISBN 978-616-7225-06-7
ii
rmwdum
ed'gef; vi
usD;uef;bma=umifrh nf;&ovJ 1
nOfhiSufE_wfoD;us,f&onfhta=umif; 3
±dk;taoma=umifuav; 5
a'guf/ a'guf/ a'guf wpfnay;tdyfyg 6
rme}uD;wJhorifuav; 8
tEGHtwmcHaomoluav; 9
ysif;&daomESHaumifuav; 13
u&ifbdk;bGm;bDbifrsm;.qdk±k;d yHkjyif 14
,kefwpfaumif+cHKykwfwpfywk f 18
em;axmifjcif;±Sd=uygpdk‹ 20
raumif;}uHab;'g%fxd 24
c&pfprwfvufaqmif 25
claemfav;eJ‹aemfrlat; 31
tcspfa0'em 34
'l;&if;oD;eJ‹emewfoD; 39
ig;±SOfhuav; 40
*VKefiSufyHkjyif 41
E_wfrapmifhaomvdyf 44
raumif;}uHaom&v'f 45
iii
t±G,fi,faomfvnf; 48
ykwfoif!dk 49
a&uefxJuzm;uav; 52
ararorD;udkrudkifeJ‹ 55
=uufz}uD;eJ‹ydk;aumifuav; 58
vlwpfa,mufeJ‹u, kd yf ikd af ±G;cs,fciG hf 59
vSyaom±Gmuav; 63
qif;&Jayr,fhaemufcsrf;omvmonfhol 65
avmb*wd 69
,kefeJ‹rad usmif; 74
avmb 76
vdrRmyg;eyfwJh,kefeJ‹e*g; 77
bma=umifhusm;awGrSmtpif;a=umif;±Sd&wmvJ 79
qENeJ‹b0 82
aumif;usdK;jyKjcif;&Jh&v'f 83
rSefuefaomw&m;pD&ifr_ 86
wpfyg;ol.aus;Zl;odwwfol 90
tm;i,fwwfaombJuav; 93
ao0DbvJeJ‹aemfcg;apmf 94
rme}uD;aomqif 97
todOm%fuif;rJhol 99
EGm;Ekd‹wpfcGuf&Jhaus;Zl; 102
iv
opPm±Sdjcif;.tusdK;&v'f 104
±kd;taomrif;om;av; 108
udk,fhudk,fudktxifr}uD;ygeJ‹ 114
b,focl eG ftm;t±Sdq;kH vJ 117
yifv,fa&bma=umifih H&wmvJ 118
ynm±Sd,kefuav; 121
aus;nDaemif 123
,kefuav; 125
ighOD;xkyfawGb,frSmvJ 128
ynmudkaumif;usdK;twGufroHk;wwfol 129
arSmv f ufpGyf 133
rdbpum;em;raxmifaoma¹rGuav; 139
yGgpdk;cdk 141
tzdk;tdkeJ‹tzGm;tkd 143
0g;ydk; 145
pyg;usD;a¹rG 147
t}uHay;csufrsm; 149
v
ed'gef;
“yHjk yif”rsm;onf uav;oli,frsm;. pdwfu;l ,OfurBmudzk efqif;ay;+yD; aysmf
±$ifr_rsm;vnf;ay;onf? uav;rsm;[m t+rJyjHk yifem;axmifcsi=f u+yD; wpfcsdK@
rSmxdyk Hkjyifav;rsm;tm; wpfzefjyefpdwu f l;,Ofum ±kyfv;Hk yHrk sm;udk pdwu
f l;
,Ofjzifzh ef;wD;=uonf? xd@k tjyif yHkjyifrsm;onf rdbESifhuav;oli,frsm;t
=um; oHa,mZOfaESmifóud;rsm;±Sdvmatmifvnf; vkyfaqmifay;onf? wpf
csKd @vl}uD;rdbrsm;onf yHjk yifrsm;ajymzd@k ysif;&dvmonfth cgwGijf zpfap/ ajymzd@k ykH
jyifrsm;r±Sad wmhonfhtcgwiG jf zpfap/ “bmjzpfvk@d yHjk yift+rw
J rf;em;axmifcsif
=uwmvJ? yHkjyifem;axmifrsm;wJhol[m vlysi;f yJ” vdk@uav;oli,frsm;udk
ajymavh±Sd=u.?
TyHkjyifpmtkyfav;udk u&ifESpfjcif;c&pf,meftoif;awmfrS xkwfa0cJhaom

uav;wdk‹twGuf yHkjyifpmtkyf/ 2002 ckEpS fuav;pma&;,SOfòydiyf /GJ armeif;
pwm;r*~Zif;pmapmifrv S eG cf o
hJ nfEh pS f 30 uxkwaf 0cJah om yHjk yifrsm;ESihq
f &mcJ
av (ZOA) xHrSwpfqif&h ±Sad om aEG&moDausmif;q&m§q&mroifwef;rS
a&;om;onfh yHkjyifrsm;udk yl;wGJaygi;f csKyf+yD; Drum Publication Group rSjyef
vnfxw k af 0xm;ygonf?
trnfazmfjyonfh pma&;olrsm;udkjzpfap/ trnfrazmfolrsm;udkjzpfap/ tm;

vHk;udkaus;Zl;wifygonf? ±kyfyHkqGJolrsm;tm;vHk;udkvnf; aus;Zl;wif±Sdyg
onf? Tuav;rsm;twGuf yHkjyifpmtkyfav;onf rdbvl}uD;rsm;/ uav;
oli,frsm;ESifh ausmif;olausmif;om;rsm;twGuf tusdK;±Sdrnf[k,Hk=unf
ar#mfvifhygonf?
vi
uav;wkd‹twGufyHkjyifrsm;
us;D uef;bmaMumifrh nf;&ovJ
wpfcgu awmtky}f u;D xJrmS wd&p>mefawGtrsm;}u;D aysmaf ysm±f i$ ±f i$ af exdik f

=uw,f? tJ'DtxJrSm us;D uef;qdkwiJh u S uf av;[m t&rf;tvS}udKuf
w,f? tJ't D csed w
f ek ;f u us;D uef;&Jth a&mif[m tjzLa&mifjzpfw,f? tck
vdtk rnf;a&mifr[kwb f ;l ? wpfae@rmS tJ'uD s;D uef;u/ “[if;--igt h a&mif
ut+rw J rf;jzL&w,f? t+rw J rf;=unfah wmh rvSawmhovdb k ?J igt
h a&mif
ajymif;vd@k &&if aumif;rSmbJ” [kawG;rdw,f?
'gah =umifh ZD;uGu&f t

hJ vSjyifqikd u
f okd mG ;+y;D “rZD;uGuf u|erf &Jt
h arG;awGukd
tyef;a&mifqk;d ay;ygvm;? u|efrtjzLa&miftarG;awGukrd }udKufbl;”
vd@k ajymw,f? ZD;uGuu f vnf; “aumif;yg+y”D qd+k y;D awmh us;D uef;ajymwJh
twdik ;f tyef;a&mifq;kd ay;vdu k w f ,f? us;D uef;uvJ ol@u, kd of rl eS x
f rJ mS
1
=unf+h y;D t&rf;udo

k abmusaew,f? “tdv k v
S u
kd w
f m” vd@k ol@u, kd of cl s;D
usL;aew,f? r=umcifrk;d awG±Gmawmh usD;uef;&Jh udk,fay:rSm±Sw d htJ yef;
a&mifawGtukeu f |w+f y;D ‚if;&Jyh ifu,
kd t
f jzLa&mifbjJ yefjzpfomG ;w,f?
'gah =umifh ZD;uGuq

f jD yefomG ;+y;D “'Dwpfcgawmh tjyma&mifq;kd ay;yg tpfr
&,f/ tyef;a&mifu ta&mifu|ww f ,f?” ZD;uGuu f vnf; us;D uef;ajymo
vdk ol@&t
hJ arG;awGukd tjyma&mifq;kd ay;vdu k jf yefw,f? r=umcif rd;k xyf±mG
vmjyefa&m? tJ't D cg us;D uef;&Ju h ,kd af y:u ta&mifawGvJ u|wo f mG ;jyef
w,f?
us;D uef;uvJ pdwnf pfnpfe@J Z;D uGuq

f jD yefomG ;+y;D “rZD;uGu&f ,f–'Dwpfcg
awmh b,fawmhrrS u|wEf ikd wf thJ a&mifq;kd ay;yg? ZD;uGuu f vnf; pOf;pm;+y;D
“tif;--trnf;a&mifq&kd if b,fawmhru S |waf wmhrmS r[kwb f ;l ” vd@k ajym
+y;D trnf;a&mifq;kd ay;vdu
k wf ,f? tJ't D csed u
f p+y;D us;D uef;[m trnf;
a&mifjzpfomG ;w,f?
2
nOfhiu
S Ef Iwo
f ;D us,&f onft
h aMumif;
a±S;oa&mtcgu wd&p>mefEiS v hf w
l pfz@JG±o dS nf? wpfcgu ,if;wd@k onfae@EiS hf
ncGjJ cm;zd@k twGuf tpnf;ta0;zdwaf c:=uonf? ae@EiS n hf cGjJ cm;&eftwGuf
olw@k ud nOfih u S uf kd a±G;aumufvu dk o f nf? od@k aomfnOfih u S of nf ttdy}f u;D
aomiSujf zpfojzifh pD&ifcsucf sonft h csed o f @kda&mufaomf tvmaemufus
ojzifh tjcm;wd&p>mefrsm;u nOfih u S u f kd tvGepf w d q f ;kd oGm;onf? nOfih u S f
onf tjcm;wd&p>mefrsm;u ol@tm;pdwq f ;kd onfuo kd ad omtcg Tod@k =um
=umaeu ol@twGut f cuftcJjzpfvmEkid o f jzifh ttdyrf }u;D atmif}uKd ;pm;
rnf[ak jymonf? r=umrD tpnf;ta0;pvmojzifh ºuu G u f Tod@k t}uH
ay;onf? reufrn S aetxdukd ae@[ak c:rnf? nOfeh uf od@k a&mufonft h cg
=uufzoH;k csuw f eG vf #irf ;kd vif;vmrnf? wpfvwGif &ufo;kH q,f±rdS nfjzpf+y;D
wpfEpS w f iG f q,fEh pS v
f ±Srd nf? vuG,n f / vrdu k n
f / vjynfn h ESihf vjynf+h y;D
3
aomnrsm;±Srd nfjzpfonf? xdt k cgrS wd&pd m> ef ESiv

hf ol m;rsm; tpm;tpm±Sm
pm;Edik rf nf? od@k aomf nOfih u
S o f nf ttdy}f uD;ojzifh “nwpfEpS /f ae@wpf
v” [kt}uaH y;aomtcg tjcm;wd&pd m> efrsm;u ‚if;.tqdw k ifoiG ;f r_ukd
oabmrwl=uay? wd&pd m> efrsm;xJrS vif;Ed@k }u;D wpfaumifu tvGepf w d q f ;kd
oGm;&m "g;r}u;D udak umufuikd u f m nOfih uS . f E_wo f ;D udv
k ;DS vdu
k af oma=umifh
,ae@txd nOfih u S .
f E_wo f ;D onftmus,af e&jcif;jzpfonf?
4
½d;k taomaMumifuav;
a±S;a±S;wke;f ua=umifuav;wpfaumif±w dS ,f? wpfae‹a=umifuav;[m

rD;yHak b;rSm*%mef;aumifawGuu dk ifpm;aew,f? tJ'DtcsdefrSmarsmuf
uav;wpfaumifa&mufvm+yD;a=umifuav;udk “a=umifuav;a&/
rif;udik gun l &D rvm;” vd‹k ar;w,f? a=umifuav;uvJ0rf;omtm;&eJ‹
ulnzD ‹kdtcGiahf y;vdu k wf ,f? 'ge‹J arsmufuav;u “'gq&kd ifrif;urD;yH;k xJu
*%mef;awGux kd kwaf y;+y;D igurif;udt
k cGcH mG ay;r,f?” a=umifuav;u
arsmufuav;ajymwmudk,Hk+yD;arsmufuav;ajymwJhtwdkif;vkyfwm
ayguh , G ?f arsmufuav;vJ a=umifuav;&Jah emufrmS xdik +f y;D a=umifuav;
uay;wJh*%ef;awGudktcGcH Gm&if;wpfaumif+yD;wpfaumifuek fwJhtxd
pm;aeawmhwmaygh? aemufqHk;awmha=umifuav;rSmvufawGtyl
avmif+y;D *%mef;wpfaumifrrS pm;&vdu k &f yJusecf w
hJ ,f?
5
a'guf? a'guf? a'guf wpfnay;tdyyf g
wpfcgwek ;f u ºuu G uf av;oH;k aumif[m tpm±SmxGu=f u&if; tarSmifus

oGm;w,f? olw@kd [m wpfaeukeaf v#mufomG ;+y;D vrf;rSm;oGm;wJt h wGuf
tdrfujkd yefrvmwwf=ubl;? tJ'rD mS olw@kd trd f}u;D }u;D wpfv;kH udak wG@&vd@k
“a'guf -- a'guf -- a'guf u|Eyfk w f @dk uw
dk pfnay;tdyyf g” wJ?h 'gayr,fh
tdrx
f u J bmjyefx;l oHrrS =um;&bl;? 'gayr,fh tdr&f w hJ cH g;uyGiahf evd@k olw@kd
tdr}f u;D xJ0ifomG ;+y;D tdy&f mxJrmS 0iftyd =f uw,f?
wpfatmif=h umawmhow l @kd “a'guf -- a'guf -- a'guf u|Eykf w

f @kdukd wpfn
ay;tdyyf g” qdw
k hJ toH=um;&+y;D ,keu f av;ESpaf umif0ifvmwmudak wG@&
w,f? ,keu f av;ESpaf umifvJ olw@kd e@J twl tdy&f mxJ0iftyd =f uw,f?
6
tJ'rD mS yJ ºuu
G uf av;oH;k aumif[m/ “a'guf -- a'guf -- a'guf u|Eykf w f @kd
udwk pfnay;tdyyf g” qdw k thJ oHu=kdum;jyefw,f? olw@kdvrS ;f =unfv h u
kd af wmh
±SOuhf av;oH;k aumif0ifvmwmudak wG@&w,f? ±SOu hf av;oH;k aumifvJ tdyf
&m xJ 0iftyd v f @kd tdy&f mxJrmS olw@kd ±pS af umifpvH;k tdyaf rmusae=uw,f?
r=umbl;/ us,af vmifvw S ahJ jc&moH}u;D udk =um;&wJah emufyikd ;f bmrStoH
rSr=um;&awmhb;l ?
tJ'rD mS wHcg;yGivhf m+y;D 0uf0rH nf;rnf;}u;D wpfaumif tdrx f 0J ifvmwmudk

awG@v@kd olw@kdawGt&rf;a=umufomG ;w,f? 'gayr,fh tJ'0D uf0}H u;D u olw@kd
udb
k mrSrvkyb f ;l ? tdrjf yefa&mufvmwJt h cg 0uf0}H u;D [m csux f m;wJx
h
rif;[if;rsm;eJ@ºuu G u
f av;/ ,kefuav;eJ@±OS u fh av;rsm;eJ@ twlwlpm;
aomuf=uum tdy&f mxJ0ifomG ;+y;D wpfacgacge@J tyd af rmusomG ;=uawmh
owJu h ,G ?f
apmueJr;l
7
rmeBu;D wJo
h rifuav;
a±S;a±S;wkef;uorifav;wpfaumif±dw S ,f? orifav;uol‹&hv J SywJOh ;D

csKd a=umifrh mefwufaewmayg?h oli,fcsi;f awGuol‹uu kd pm;zd‹k ac:&ifou l
“rif;wd‹k e‹J igrupm;csib
f ;l ? rif;wd‹k rmS igv
h vkd yS wJOh ;D csKd r±Sb
d ;l ?” vd‹k ajymw,f?
wpfae‹acsmif;xJrmS a&qif;aomufaewkef;ol‹&JhvSywJhO;D csdKudk=unfh+yD;

“td;k ig&h OhJ ;D csKd uav;ut&rf;vSyyguvm;” vd‹k u, kd uhf u
kd , kd cf s;D rGr;f aewke;f
rkq;kd wpfa,mufa&mufvmw,f? rkq;kd uol‹uakd wG‹wt hJ csed rf mS ol‹ujkd rm‡ ;
eJ‹ypfvdkufvdk‹xGufajy;aewkef;ol‹&JhvSywJhcsdKawGucsHKEG,fydwfaygif;
awGe‹J +ird w d ,fw?hJ 'Dvt kd cuftcJawGe‹J awG‹ae&wJt h csed f rSmbJo‹l oil ,f
csif;awGuulnDv‹dk vw G af jrmufoGm;w,fwh?J orifav;vJaemifwawG
&+y;D awmh ol‹&v hJ yS wJOh ;D csKd awGa=umifw
h pfcgrrS mefrwufawmhb;l wJ?h
8
tEGt
H wmcHaomoluav;
a±S;oa&mtcgu ±Gmwpf±mG rSmvli,fav;wpfa,muf±w dS ,f? zcifu, G f

vGeo f mG ;+y;D wJah emufyikd ;f rSm ol@rcd if[m tjcm;a,muFsm;wpfa,mufe@J tdrf
axmiftopfxyfðyvku d wf ,f? ol@&yhJ axG;jzpfo[ l m t&ufaomuf/ zJ±u kd f
+y;D tvkyt f udik af umif;aumif;rvkyb f ;l ? vli,fav;udk c%c%±du k yf wk f
+y;D em;csdeef @J upm;csed rf ±Sad tmif tvkyv f kycf ikd ;f w,f? ZeD;jzpfou l v dk nf;
r=umc%±du k Ef uS x f ;kd }uwd af vh±w dS ,f? yaxG;jzpfou l ESyd pf ufayr,fv h nf;
vli,fav;u onf;n‡O;f cH+y;D yaxG;cdik ;f wJt h vkyaf wGukd tukev f ;kH vky±f mS
w,f? rdcifjzpfo[ l m om;av;cHpm;ae&wJah 0'emudo k ad yr,fv h nf;
a,muFsm;jzpfou l kd rvGeq f efEikd w
f ma=umifh jyefrajym&Jay? yaxG;ol@tay:
raumif;ayr,fv h nf; yaxG;ud±k akd vao;pm;w,f? jyefrcHajymbl;? rdcif
jzpfou l rdom;pkwpfae@pmpm;aomufa&;twGuf ae@wikd ;f aps;oGm;a&mif;
9
&w,f? naejyefvm&if uav;u rdcifun kd wdik ;f ESyd ef ,fay;w,f? rdbrsm;

a&csKd ;zd@k twGuaf &ulcwfw,f? tJ'aD vmufvyk w f mawmifrS yaxG;jzpfol
ur=unfjzLao;bl;?
wpfae@rmS yaxG;u ol@uakd wmxJrmS xif;oGm;acGcikd ;f vd@k olxu G vf mcJw

h ,f?
awmxJa&mufawmh xif;udw k pfvrf;vH;k av#mufaumufvmw,f? ol[m
armvJarm/ qmvJqmvGe;f vd@k opfyifwpfyifatmufrmS em;ae&if; arS;ueJ
tdyaf ysmo f mG ;w,f? tJ'rD mS awmapmifeh wf[m awmudk vSnv hf nf=unfh
±_wthJ csed ef @J wd;k vd@k opfyifatmufrmS tdyaf ewJv h il ,fav;udak wG@omG ;w,f?
wpfcgwnf; rdbrsm;udk =unf!akd v;pm;+y;D vkyaf u|;wJ@vil ,fav; jzpfreS ;f
oloo d mG ;w,f? awmapmihef wf[m vli,fav;udo k em;oGm;vd@k ol@eef;
awmfukjd yefoGm;+y;D vli,fav;twGuf jrif;ysw H pfaumifvw $ af y;vku
d f
w,f? bk&ift h rde@f a=umifh jrif;[m vli,fav;qDa&mufvm+y;D vli,fav;
udvk y_ Ef ;kd w,f?
vli,fav;Ed;k vmwJt h cg jrif;ysw

H pfaumifukd tH=h opGmeJ@awG@vu dk &f w,f?
jrif;ysu
H vli,fav;udk bk&ifutvd±k &dS ifun l yD gv@kd v$wv f ukd w f myg? 'ge@J
vli,fav;[m 0rf;omtm;&eJ@ jrif;ysaH y:ajy;wufp;D +y;D ol@trd q f yD so H mG ;cdik ;f
w,f? vli,fav;[m 0rf;omvGe;f vd@k xif;pnf;udak wmxJrmS arhuseo f mG ;cJh
w,f? tdrrf a&mufcif ±Gmol±mG om;awG[m rd;k aumif;uifrmS jrif;ysw H pf
aumifuakd wG@&vd@k ±kw±f wk of oJ eJ @J qlnaH e=uw,f? vli,fav;&Jh tdraf ±S›
rSm jrif;ysq
H u
kd af &mufvmwJt h cg vlawG[m pktv Hk m=u+y;D jrif;ysu H kd xl;qef;
pGmeJ@vm=unf=h uw,f? rdcifuaps;oGm;a&mif;vd@k tdrrf mS r±Sw d t hJ wGuf vl
i,fav;u yaxG;udt k a=umif;pHak jymjyvdu k wf ,f?
10
yaxG;jzpfot l a=umif;pHo k w
d thJ cg ol@pw
d x f rJ mS / “tif;'Dval wmh aumif;cs;D cH
pm;&+y/D igvyk cf w hJ [hJ mawGukd tukev f ;kH jyefuvJph m;acsawmhrmS yJ” vd@k awG;
+yD; a=umufpdwaf wG0ifvmw,f? tJ'ge@J jrif;ysu H kd owfypfzk@d }uHpnfvu dk f
w,f? 'gah =umifh yaxG;u/ “rif;jrif;u yltu kd vf @kd armae+y/D igo@l uakd &oGm;
csKd ;ay;r,f” vdk@ajymw,f? wpfu,fawmh yaxG;jzpfou l jrif;udka&ay;
csKd ;+y;D "g;eJ@x;kd owfr,fv@kd }u±H , G x
f m;wmud;k / tJ'ga=umifh "g;wpfacsmif;udk
ol@cg;rSmxd;k xnfx h m;w,f?
'gayr,fh ol@&t hJ =uu H kd jrif;ysu

H odwt
hJ wGuf yaxG;jzpfot l em;udok mG ;uyf
wJt h cg jrif;uyaxG;&J&h ifywfukd wtm;uefxnfv h ukd wf ma=umifh ol‹cg;xJ
rSmxd;k xm;wJ"h g;us+y;D olcrsmvJ±r_ vwfaoqH;k oGm;±Smw,f? tprSmvlawG
u jrif;uyaxG;udu k efxnf+h y;D yaxG;aoqH;k oGm;wJt h wGuf jrif;ud±k ikd ;f pdik ;f
wJoh wW0gv@kad jym=uw,f? 'gayr,fah jray:rSmusw"hJ g;udv k il ,fav;aumuf
,lum ±Gmol±mG om;awGujkdy+y;D tusKd ;t a=umif;tukeaf jymjyvdu k af wmhrS
±Gmol±Gmom;awGu/ “a=omf'aD vmufawmifru kd vf w S m/ aowmawmif
enf;ao;w,f” vd@k rw S cf sucf s=uw,f?
tJ'DtcsdefrSm rdcifaps;a&mif;&mrSjyefvm+yD;jrif; ysHudkawG@oGm;w,f?

aemufajrjyifay:rSm aoqH;k aewJo h @l a,muFsm;udak wG@v@kd/ “bmawGjzpfuek f
wmvJom;av;” vd@k ar;w,f? aumifav;u jzpfysucf w hJ t hJ a=umif;awGrd
cifukd jyef±iS ;f jy+y;D wJah emufyikd ;f rdcifcrsm0rf; enf;jcif;eJ@0rf;omjcif;udk ESpf
rsKd ;pvH;k wpfòyid w
f nf;cHpm;&w,f? vli,fav;[m rdcifpw d rf aumif;rSe;f od
um/ “arar/ u|eaf wmfw@kd vlq;kd vlru kd f vufxu
J v$w+f y;D ? 'Dtcsed u f p+y;D
u|eaf wmfw@kd aysmaf ysmaf eoGm;=uawmhr,f” vd@k rcd ifuEkd pS o f rd ahf ew,f?
11
aemufq;kH rSm om;trdEpS af ,mufjrif;ysu H w

kd ufp;D +y;D bk&ifxrH mS tvkyo
f mG ;
awmif;vky=f uw,f? jrif;ysaH =umifh olw@kd om;trdEpS af ,mufukd bk&ifu
vufc+H y;D vli,fav;udo k wif;yd@k (apwrmef) wpfO;D tjzpf tvkycf ef@tyf
vdu k wf ,f? bk&ifu ol@ut kd rd }f u;D }u;D wpfv;kH ay;wJt h jyif tvkyaf umif;
aumif;vJvyk &f vd@k olw@kdom;trdEpS af ,muf[m aysm±f i$ af t;csr;f pGmeJ@ae
xkid o
f mG ;=uawmhw,f?
bd;k apmawm (armeif;pwm;pmapmif/ twGJ 3/ tkyaf & 9/

ZGe/f 1958) rSbmomjyefqx
kd m;ygonf?
12
ysi;f &daomESaH umifuav;
wpfcgutvGeyf si;f &dwEhJ aHS umifuav;wpfaumif±o dS wJ?h ol[mwpfae‹

wpfae‹upm;zd‹k yo J wd ,f? ol‹rmS bmtyltyifrrS ±Sb
d ;l ? wpfae‹rmS ESaH umif
uav;vrf;av#mufvnfaewke;f tpm;tpmawGukd óu;d pm;yrf;pm;o,f
yd;k aewJyh ±k u
G q
f w
d uf av;awGuakd wG‹owJ?h
'ge‹J y±k u
G qf wd u
f av;awGqo D mG ;+y;D “toify±k u
G q
f w
d wf ‹kd / bmvkyaf eo
vJ” vd‹k ar;awmh yk±u G qf w d u
f av;awGu “aqmif;&moDtwGut f pmpk
aqmif;aewmyg” vdk‹jyefajymw,f? ESHaumifuyk±u G qf w d u
f av;rsm;
udjk yuf&,fðy+y;D “'Davmufvyk fz‹dk vrJ vdkygb;l ? tpm;tpmqdkwmt+r±J dS
aerSmyg” vd‹k ajym+y;D ol‹e‹J twlvmupm;zd‹k zw d af c:w,f? 'gayrJah emufq;kH
rSmawmhaqmif;&moDa&muf+yD;tpm±Sm;yg;wJt h wGuaf =umifEh aHS umifu
av;vJ'u k aQ &muf&awmhwmaygu h , G ?f
13
u&ifb;kd bGm;bDbifrsm;\qd½k ;kd yHjk yif
a±S;a±S;wkef;u bd;k bGm;bDbifawG[m trSew f &m;udk cspfcifjrwfE;dk =u+yD;

pdwo f abmxm;±d;k om;jzLpiforl sm;jzpf=uw,f? olw@kd[m awmif,mckwf
jcif;vkyif ef;eJ@ trsm;tm;jzift
h oufarG;0rf;a=umif;ðy=uw,f? a±S;tcgu
olawmfpife@J vlom;awG[m awG@q=kHu&if &if;ES;D cspcf ifpmG aygi;f oif;aexkid f
=uw,f? 'gayr,fh tckumvrSmawmh vlom;awG[m olawmfpifawGurkd
jrif&awmhb;l ? olw@kd ukd u|Eykf w
f @kd rjrif&awmhwhJ ta=umif;&if; Tod@k ±cdS hJ
w,f?
wpfcgu tzd;k tdw k pfa,muf±w dS ,f? ol[m awmif,mvkyjf cif;eJ@ touf

arG;0rf;a=umif;ðyw,f? awmif,mvkyv f @kd awmxJrmS yJ t+rw
J rf;oGm;tdyf
avh±odS wJ?h pyg;&dwo
f rd ;f r,f&h moDtcsed af &mufvmawmh pyg;&dwo f rd ;f zd@k
14
twGuf oltqifoifjh zpfae+y;D ? wpfnae ol[m awmif,majc&if;qDomG ;

+y;D acsmif;pyfem;rSm zm;awGuakd v#muf±mS aew,f? tJ'rD mS vnf; ole@JrvSr;f
rurf; odyt f vSr;f ra0;wJah e&mrSm ol@vykd v
J w
l pfa,mufu uke;f ay:rSm
tpm;tpm±Smaew,f? olzm;xGu±f mS +y;D tjyefvrf;awmif=um;wpfae
&mrSm tJ'v D el @J qv
kH @kd pum;pjrnfajym=uw,f? trSeaf wmhtJ'vD ul ol
awmfpifwpfa,mufjzpfw,f?
tzd;k tdk/ “rdwaf qG -- zm;aumufv@dk &vm;?”

olawmfpif/ “rdwaf qGa& -- wpft;kd pmavmufawmh&w,f?”
tzd;k td/k “u|Eykf v
f &J vmw,f? cifAsm;&Jyh vdik ;f udk =unfvh k@d &rvm;?”
'ge@J oal wmfpifu yvdkif;udjk yawmh tzdk;tdkuyvdkif;xJrSm ykwo f if!k/d
awmufwehJ @J uif;ajcrsm;udak wG@&w,f? quf+y;D awmhoal wmfpifu/ “rdwf
aqGa& -- b,fawmhpyg;&dwfrvJ – u|Eyfk u f reufjzefpyg;&dwrf ,f?”
tzd;k td/k “rdwfaqGa& -- iguoefbufcgrS&w d rf ,f?”
olawmfpif/ “tif;aumif;+y?D 'gq&kd if rdwaf qGu u|Eykf u f tkd &ifvmul&w d f
ay; -- rdwaf qGukd u|Eykf o
f efbufcgjyeful&w d rf ,f? rdwaf qGvm&if rdwf
aqG&u hJ av;awGukd trsm;}u;D ac:vmyg? 'gayr,fh a,mufsm;av;awGyaJ c:
vm&r,f?” 'ge@J olawmfpif[m awmif,mb,fem;rSm±Sw d mudk tzd;k tdk
tm;ajymjyw,f? olw@dk EpS Of ;D om; vufco H abmwln=D u+y;D aemufae@eH
eufrmS tzd;k td[ k m aumuf&w d zf @kdtwGuf vlysKd a,mufsm;av;awGuykd aJ c:
oGm;w,f?
olawmfpif/ “rdwaf qGa& -- cifAsm;a&mufvmwm u|eaf wmf0rf;omw,f?

uav;awGukd aumuf&w d cf ikd ;f r,f/ wd@k EpS af ,muf xrif;[if;csupf m;=u&
atmif” [kq. kd ?
15
olawmfpifu orD;rde;f rysKd av;awGyJ ac:vmw,f? olw@kdtwlw0l ikd ;f 0ef;+y;D

pyg;&dwu f =l uw,f? tysKd rav;awG&±hJ yk u f t&rf;qd;k wmyJ? t&yfvyJ /k cs;D
yef;+y;D wpfuk, d vf k;H eHapmfaewmyJ/ yg;pyfvJ±@JG =u+y;D ESmacgi;f jym;aewmyJ/
vlysKd awGu 'gawGukd *±krpdu k bf ;l / olw@kd bmomolw@kd aumuf&dwaf e=u
w,f? trsKd ;om;rsm;jzpf=uvd@k bmrSrajymbl;/ olw@kd u tJ't D ±kyq
f ;kd wJt h
ysKd rav;awGukd =unf+h y;D ruJ&h rhJ avSmifajymif=uay? olw@kdbmomolw@kdacgi;f
iH@k +y;D aumuf&w d af e=uw,f? rdwaf qG}u;D ESpaf ,mufu wJxrJ mS tpm;t
aomufcsu=f u&if; olawmfpifu olw@kdom;orD;awGaumuf&w d of rd ;f ae
wmudk =unf+h y;D awmh olawmfpifu/ “rdwaf qGa&--=unh&f wm tukev f ;kH
tqifajyw,f/ 'Dvq kd &kd if rdwaf qGe@J u|Eykf af wmh crnf;crufawmfv@kd&+y?D ”
tzd;k td/k “rdwaf qGa& -- toifajymwmudu k |Eykf v
f v
J ufcw
H ,f?”
xrif;pm;csed af &mufawmh olw@kd &u hJ av;awGuakd c:+y;D xrif;pm;=uw,f?

pm;+y;D awmhc%em;+y;D rS pyg;quf&w d =f uw,f? tysKd rav;awG[m ckeuvdk
t±kyrf qd;k awmhb;l ? t&rf;acsm+y;D tvGerf cS sppf &maumif;wJo h al wGjzpfomG ;
w,f? olw@kd&t hJ vSukd =unfv h @kdr0Edik af wmhb;l / b,fvakd csmvSaerSe;f rajym
jywwfb;l / olw@kdaumuf&w d o f rd ;f =u+y;D wJah emuf aumuf±;kd yHak wGukd pnf;
,l=uwJt h csed f tysKd vlysKd awG[m pum;ajymqd=k u+y;D aysm±f i$ af e=uw,f?
naeapmif;vmwJt h cg tdrjf yefcsed af &mufvmwJt h wGuf rdwaf qG}u;D ESpOf ;D
[m pum;ajymqdEk w _ q
f uf=u+y;D olawmfpifu/ “rdwaf qGa& -- reufjzef
cifAsm;udk aumufoGm;&dwu f lr,f/ tJ'ga=umifh rdwaf qG&o hJ rD;rde;f rysdKu
av;awGuykd aJ c:vmcJyh g? u|Eykf u f om;a,mufsm;ysKd av;awGuykd J ac:vmcJh
r,f” wJh?
aemufwpfae@ rd;k vif;vmawmh tzd;k td[

k m rde;f uav;awGuykd J ac:vm
16
w,f/ olawmfpifu ol@om;a,mufsm;av;awGuykd J ac:vmw,f? awmif

,mxJa&mufwt hJ cg olw@kdtwlwuG aumuf&w d o f rd ;f =uw,f? olawmfpif
ac:vmwJah ,mufsm;av;awGu ±kyv f rJ acsmbl; -- rsufv;kH apG+yD; t&yf
uykyu k u G eG @J -- cs;D yef;cs=u+y;D wpfu, kd v f ;kH vJeaH pmfaewmyJ? wpfa,mufrS
±ky&f nfrcef@jim;=ubl;/ tzd;k td&k o hJ rD;awGu olawmfpif&o hJ m;a,muFsm;
av;awGukd =unf+h y;D oa&mfòy;H eJ@avSmifae=uw,f? rde;f uav;awG[m E_wf
apmifw h hJ vlawGr[kww f ma=umifh wpfa,mufe@J wpfa,muf=unf=h u+y;D
rsuEf mS ±G@J jyum a,mufsm;av;awGukd avSmifae=uw,f? rdwaf qG}u;D ESpf
OD;uwJxrJ mS xrif;[if;csuðf ywf=u+y;D olw@kduav;awG aumuf&w d af e=u
wmudk =unfah e=uw,f? 'Dtjzpftysuaf wGukd rdwaf qG}u;D ESpOf ;D uawG@+y;D
olawmfpifu/ “u|Eykf &f o hJ m;awGukd toif&h o hJ rD;awGu avSmif=uw,f?
u|Eykf w f @kdEpS af ,muf[m crnf;crufrawmfoifb h ;l / u|Eykf of m;awGukd ac:+y;D
jyefomG ;awmhr,f?” 'ga=umifh xdt k csed uf p+y;D olawmfpifw@kd [m aysmuf
uG,o f mG ;=uw,f/ tJ't D csed u
f p+y;D olw@kd ukd u|Eykf w f ‹kd rawG@&awmhay?
olawmfpifawG[m ±d;k om;r_e@J trSew f &m;udk cspcf ifjrwfE;kd =uw,f? od@k ay

r,fh vlom;jzpfwu hJ |Eykf w
f @kdawG[m xl;qef;wJv h al wGuakd wG@&if twif;ajym
a0zefcsi=f uw,f? od@kaomf olawmfpifawG[m jzLpif±;kd om;pGmaexdik =f uvd@k
u|Eykf w
f @kd vol m;awGe@J vH;k 0aygi;f oif;aexdik I
f r&a=umif; od±o dS mG ;ojzifh
xdt
k csed rf pS I olawmfpifawG[m aysmufu, G o f mG ;=uawmhw,f?
vg;zd;k
17
,kew
f pfaumifNcKyH w
k w
f pfyw
k f
wpfcguawmtky}f u;D wpftyk rf mS ,keaf wGpak ygi;f aexdik =f uw,f? olw‹kd rmS
bk&ifwpfaumif±+dS yD;'D,ek fb&k ifajymwJph um;qdk&iftukev f ;kH em;axmif
+y;D pnf;pnf;vH;k vH;k aexdik =f uw,f? &efoal wGuv kd nf;pnf;vH;k nD!w G pf mG
wdu k cf u
kd =f uw,f? 'gah =umifo h w
l k‹d &t
hJ em;udb
k ,foul rSruyf0=hH ubl;?
tpm;tpm±Sw d t
Jh cgrmS vnf;twlwpl m;aomuf=uw,f? ,keb f k&ifu
wpfckckudkqHk;jzwfcsufcs&iftm;vHk;uwpfaoGrwdrf;vdkufem=uw,f?
'Dawmtky}f u;D xJrmS usm;}uD;wpfaumif±w
dS ,f? wpfae‹rmS usm;}u;D [m
awmxJrmS vSnhv f nfoGm;vmaewkef;,kefawGut dk rSwrf xifawG‹omG ;
w,f? ,kefom;pm;csifwhu J sm;[m,kefawGtem;rSmwpfjznf;jznf;uyf
18
oGm;w,f? ,keaf wG[m&efojl zpfwu hJ sm;udjk rifwt

hJ cgem;±Gurf sm;wpfòyid f
eufaxmifxvm+y;D wdu
k yf 0JG ifz‹kdjyifqif=uw,f?
usm;[m,keaf wGuakd wG‹wht J cgolw‹kd tem;oGm;+yD;ruyf0b hH l;? ,keaf wG&hJ

±Snv f sm;wJeh m;±Guaf wG[mvSo H mG ;vdw k w
l t
hJ wGuo f tl &rf;a=umufwm
ayg?h usm;[m,keo f m;pm;csiv f ‹kdomG ;&nfawG,+kd y;D ,keof m;b,fvpkd m;&r
vJqw kd mt}uOH m%fxw k af ewmayg?h
'ga=umifhusm;[m,keaf wG&heJ m;udkcsOf;uyfoGm;+yD;,kefawGudk “taqG

,kew f k‹d / oifw‹dk rSm bk&ifwpfaumifwnf;±Sw d ,f? 'gawmifrSoifwk‹d [m
=oZmtm%meJ‹jynfph +kH y;D tiftm; }u;D rm;=uw,f? oifw‹kdrmS bk&iftrsm;
}u;D ±S&d if'x hD ufy+kd y;D =oZmtm%meJ‹jynfph +kH y;D awmtky}f u;D wpfcv
k ;kH udt
k yk f
csKyfEkid rf mS yJ” vd‹k ajrm‡ ufyifah oG;cGJchJ w,f?
'Dvekd ‹J tjcm;,keaf wGuv kd nf;wpfaumif+y;D wpfaumif'eD nf;twdik ;f ajrm‡ uf

yifah jymqd+k y;D tcsi;f csi;f pdw0f rf;uGaJ tmif aoG;aqmifjzm;a,mif;w,f? 'gh
a=umifh ,kefawG[m rmeawGwufvm+y;D ud, k u
hf u
dk ,
kd t
f xif}u;D vm+y;D
igomv#ifb&k ifjzpfoifw h ,fv‹kd tm;vHk;uxifae=u+yD;tm%mvkae=u
w,f? olwdk‹&Jh,kefbk&if}uD;ajymwJhpum;awGudkvnf;b,fol‹rSem;r
axmif=uawmhb;l ?
aemufq;kH ,keaf wG[mpdw0f rf;uGu J mcGx

J uG of mG ;=u+y;D òcyH w
k w
f pfyw
k pf rD mS
oGm;+yD;cdak tmif;ae=uw,f? 'gha=umif&h efolawGvmwJhtcgtcsif;csif;
rulnaD wmhwt hJ wGuu
f sm;}u;D uolw‹kd udw
k pfae‹wpfaumifzrf;pm;awmh
wmaygu h , G ?f
19
em;axmifjcif;½SMd uygpdUk
wpfcgu om;tzig;a,muf±w dS ,f? olw@kd [m qif;&JErG ;f yg;olrsm;jzpf=u

w,f? wpfae@ zcifjzpfou l uav;awGuakd c:+y;D / “om;wd@k / taztouf
}u;D vm+y/D om;wd@k ukd bmrSvaJ y;p&mr±Sb d ;l / tck om;wd@k t±G,af &mufvm
=uvd@k ynmawG qnf;yl;oif,yl g” vd@k ac:+y;D oGeo f ifq;kH rw,f? uav;
awGu bmpum;rSjyefrajymbl;/ zcif&phJ um;udk em;axmifaew,f? 'ge@J
uav;av;a,muf[m c&D;xGuv f mcJ=h uw,f? olw@kdvrf;oGm;&if; }u;D rm;
wJh opfyifwpfyif±w dS ahJ e&m a&mufwt hJ cg nDtpfuakd v;a,mufu/ “ igw@kd
av;ESp=f um ynmoGm;qnf;yl;avhvmcJ&h r,f? tcsed jf ynf&h if 'Dopfyif
atmufrmS yJjyefvmqH=k u&atmif” vd@k wikd yf ifajymqdak qG;aEG;+y;D oabm
wlnu D m toD;oD;c&D;xGucf mG oGm;=uw,f?
20
yxrwpfa,muf aA'ifwu G w f t hJ wwfynmudk oGm;oif,w l ,f? 'kw,d

wpfa,mufu tcd;k awmfwo hJ l wpfa,mufqrD mS ynmoif,+l y;D cd;k 0Suw f hJ
twwfynmawG tukev f ;kH oif,v l mcJ@w,f? wwd,wpfa,mufu jrm‡ ;
ypftwwfynmudk oif,v l mcJh+yD; jrm‡ ;ypfawmfaomolwpfa,mufjzpf
oGm;w,f? pwkww ˆ pfa,mufu tyfcsKyftwwfynmqnf;yl;+y;D tyfcsKyf
awmfwv hJ w
l pfa,mufjzpfvmw,f? aysmo h nfjzpfap/ rmonfjzpfap t
ukev f ;kH aumif;aumif;csKy, f v l @kd&w,f? olw@kdynmawGuakd v;ESp=f umqnf;
yl;+y;D aemuf olw@kd av;a,muf[m csed ;f qdw k ohJ pfyifatmufrmS jyefvmqHk
=u+y;D zcifxjH yefvmcJw h ,f? tdraf &mufawmh olw@kduzciftm;oif=um;cJh
&wJyh nmawGuakd jymjyvd@k zcifu/ “aumif;+y/D om;wd@k / 'gq&kd if jcx H u J opf
yif}u;D wpfyifay:rSm±Sw d ihJ uS o f ukd x f rJ mS iSuOf b,fEpS vf ;kH ±So
d vJ” vd@k ar;
w,f?
xktd cgom;t}u;D qH;k u/ “iSuOf ig;vH;k ±Sw d ,ftaz”?
“aumif;+yD -- tJ'gq&kd ifiu S Of ig;vH;k udik uS rf }u;D rodatmifomG ;,lay;” vd@k
ajym awmh'w k ,d om;u iSuOf udik u S rf }u;D rodatmif,v l may;w,f?
zcif/ “tJ'iD u S Of ig;vH;k udt
k pOfvu kd cf say;” wJ?h
oH;k a,mufajrmufu iSuOf awGtpOfvu kd cf s+y;D wJth cg zcifu/ “tJ'iD uS Of
tm;vH;k udk tcGrH uGaJ tmif tvnfwnfw h nfrh mS ypf”wJ?h oH;k a,mufajrmuf
u zcifcikd ;f wJt
h wdik ;f vkyw f ,f? oljrm‡ ;typfawmfv@kd ol@tvkyaf tmifjrif
oGm;w,f? 'ge@J zcifuom;av;a,mufajrmufuakd c:+y;D / “uGo J mG ;wJih u
S f
OawGujkd yefcsKyfyg” wJ?h av;a,mufajrmuf[m tyfcsKyaf wmfv@kd iSuOf udk
aumif;rGepf mG jyefcsKyyf pfw,f? zcif[m om;awG&v hJ uf&nfawGjrif&wJt h cg
om;av;a,mufukd ,H=k unfpw d cf somG ;w,f? om;awGu iSuOf awGukd t
odu k x
f jJ yefxm;+y;D r=umbl;/ iSuu f av;rsm;ayguv f mw,f? iSuu f av;
rsm;ayguv f mwJt h cg olw@kdvnfyif;awGrmS csKyf&m±Sw d mawG@&w,f?
21
wpfae@rmS / bk&ifu/ “u|Eykf o f rD;awmfaysmufomG ;+y;D tptevJrawG@b;l ?

u|Eykf &f o hJ rD;awmfukd wpfa,mufa,mufu ±SmawG@&if tJ'v D el @J vufxyf
ay;r,f” vd@k òrŒd awmfwpfòrŒd vH;k udk armif;cwf+y;D av#mufvn S ahf =ujimowJ?h
tJ'o D wif;udk nDtpfuadk v;a,mufu =um;oGm;+y;D wpfO;D eJ@wpfO;D wdik yf if
aqG;aEG;um bk&ifqo D @kdomG ;=u+y;D / “t±Sib f &k m;/ tu|Eykf w f @kdukd avSwpfpif;
ay;&if bk&iho f rD;awmfukd oGm;±Smay;r,f” wJ?h tJ'rD mS aA'ifwu G w f v
hJ u l
bk&ifo h rD;awmfukd e*g;wpfaumifywfacGxm;wmawG@&w,f? tck bk&ifo h
rD;awmf[m yifv,fa&0dik ;f xm;wJh ausmufaqmifwpfv;kH ay:rSm±S+d y;D e*g;
[m ol@&OhJ ;D acgi;f udk rif;orD;av;aygiaf y:rSm wifxm;w,fw?hJ olw@kdav;
a,muf[m rif;orD;av;±Sw d ahJ e&mudk a&mufomG ;wJt h cg tcd;k awmfwo hJ l
u rif;orD;av;udk e*g;}u;D qDuaewdww f qdwcf ;kd ,lvmcJw h ,f? olw@kdavS
pD;+y;D jyefvm&m e*g;uvef@E;kd vm+y;D olw@kd uakd yguo f wfz@kd aemufrmS vdu k f
vmaew,f? tJ'rD mS jrm‡ ;typfawmfwo hJ w l pfa,mufu e*g;udyk pfvu kd f
wma=umifh e*g;}u;D [m csucf si;f raooGm;wJt h wGuf ol@&t hJ +r;D eJ@avSukd
ayguyf pfvu kd wf ,f? avSwpfpif;vH;k ysupf ;D oGm;w,f? 'gukd tyfcsKyaf wmfwhJ
wpfa,mufu wpfppDjzpfaewJah vSukd yifu, kd tf wdik ;f jyefcsKyfay;w,f? ol
wd@k av;a,mufvnf; bk&ifo h rD;awmfe@J twl bk&ifeh ef;awmfo@kd avSjyefp;D
vmcJw h ,f?
bk&ifqDjyefa&mufawmh/ “t±Sifbk&m;&Jh*wdtwdkif; bk&ifhorD;awmfudk

u|Eykf w
f @kdtm;ay;awmfryl g” vd@k av#mufwifw,f? bk&ifu/ “toifw@kdav;
a,mufjzpfwt hJ wGuf toifw@kd urkd ay;Edik b f ;l ” vd@k jyefajzqdw
k ,f? tJ'ge@J
nDtpfuakd v;a,mufu/ “ t±Sib f &k if&*hJ wd±w
dS thJ wdik ;f tu|Eykf w
f @kdukd jznfh
qD;ay;&r,f” wJ?h
22
bk&ifu/ “aumif;+y/D 'Dvq

kd &kd if toifw@kd wikd ;f jynfwpf0ufukd tkycf sKyfap/
auseyf&J@vm;” wJ?h nDtpfukad v;a,mufv/J “auseyfygw,ft±Sirf if;
jrwf” vd@k ajzqdw
k ,f?
olw@kd [m 0rf;ajrmuf0rf;omeJ@ zcifqjD yefvm=u+y;D &±Sw d q hJ vk 'fuakd jym

jy=uw,f? tJ'aD emuf olw@ko d m;tpfzig;a,muf[m aysm±f i$ af t;csr;f pGmeJ@
wpfoufv;kH aeoGm;=uawmhowJu h , G ?f uav;wd@k a& -- rdbpum;udek m;
axmif+y;D vdrmR a&;jcm;r_±&dS if ysupf ;D jcif;udak &mufroGm;Edik =f uygb;l ?
aemfazmv,fvm;
23
raumif;BuaH b;'gPfxd
wpfcgwek ;f u+cw H pf+cxH rJ mS =uufuav;eJ‹awma=umifwpfaumif±w dS ,f?

awma=umif[m =uufuav;udpk m;zd‹k t+r}J upH nfaew,f? 'gu=kd uufu
av;uvnf; odawmht+ryJ aJ wm a=umifrjrifEikd w f ahJ e&mjzpfwhJ opf±u G f
awG=um;rSmtdyw f ,f? wpfnrSm=uufuav;[m Al;oD;ajcmufwpfv;kH xJ
rSmoGm;tdyaf ew,f? ntcsed af &mufawmhawma=umif[m=uufuav;
udkpm;zd‹k vmaewmayg?h awma=umif&ahJ jc&mud=k um;wJ=h uufuav;[m
ta=umufvGef+yD;wqwfqwfwkefaewJhtwGufAl;oD;ajcmuf}uD;vJ
atmufuu dk somG ;wmayg?h n}uD;rif;}uD;tcsed frSmAl;oD;ajcmufuswht J
oHu=kd um;wJt h wGuaf wma=umif[mvef‹jzef‹+y;D url;±l;xd;k xajy;wJht
wGufopfwHk;wpfwHk;eJ‹cvkwfwdkufrd+yD;vJrJhtcsdefrSmacgif;uausmuf
wH;k eJ‹wu
kd rf +d y;D aoqH;k oGm;awmhwmyJ? tJ'aD e‹up+y;D =uufuav;vJawm
a=umif&&hJ efvw G af jrmufomG ;wmaygu h ,
G ?f
24
c&pfprwfvufaqmif
wpf&aH &mtcgu ±Gm}u;D wpf±mG rSm rdom;pkwpfp±k w dS ,f? olw@kd rmS acsmarm
vSywJh orD;ysKd oH;k a,muf±w dS ,f? wpfae@rmS c&pfprwfa&mufawmhrmS jzpf
vd@k zcifjzpfou l orD;oH;k a,muftwGuf vufaqmif0,fay;csiv f @kd òrŒd wuf
zd@k q;kH jzwf+y;D orD;oH;k a,mufuw kd pfa,mufpaD c:,l+y;D bmawGvckd sio f vJ
vd@k ar;wJt h cg - orD;}u;D u/ “bk&ifo h rD;awmfawG0wfwhJ *g0eftuôsvv S S
av;rsKd ;0wfcsiw f ,f?” orD;vwfuak d r;awmh-orD;vwfu/ “rde;f uav;t
vSjyif ypPn;f awGjzpfwhJ rdwu f yf/ vdik femeJ@rsucf k;H arG;qGJwcJh w
J aH wGvcdk sif
w,f?” orD;axG;udak r;awmh -orD;axG;u/ “wjcm;bmrSrvdck sib f ;l / vwf
qwf+yD; &ES@H ar$;óuid w f EhJ iS ;f qDyef;eDeD&&J aJ v;wpfyiG hyf vJ ckd siw
f ,f” wJ?h
zcif[m orD;awGvckd siw f t

hJ &mawGukd ar;+y;D wJah emuf 0rf;omtm;&eJ@+rKd @
wuf+y;D aps;wef;qDomG ;w,f? aps;xJa&mufomG ;awmh txnf qdik o f mG ;+y;D
25
orD;}u;D vdck siwf hJ *g0eftuôsu0kd ,fay;+y;D tvSuek yf pPn;f a&mif;wJq h ikd u

f kd
oGm;um orD;vwfvckd siw f t hJ vSjyifypPn;f awGukd oGm;0,fay;w,f? tJ'D
aemuf yef;qdik o f mG ;+y;D orD;axG;vdck siw f EhJ iS ;f qDyef;rsKd ; oGm;±Sm0,fay;ay
r,fh orD;axG;vdck siw f yJh ef;vdrk sKd ; ±Sm0,fv@kd r&bl;? yef;awGtrsm;}uD;±Sad y
r,fh orD;axG;vdck siw f yhJ ef;rsKd ;r[kwaf wmh olbmvky&f rSe;f udrk odawmhb;l ?
tJ'ge@J yJ zcifjzpfo[ l m 0rf;enf;a=uuGJpGmeJ@ ±Gmudkvn S hjf yefvmcJ+h y;D pdwf
av;av;eJ@ jznf;n‡i;f pGmtdru f kd vrf;av#mufjyefvmcJw h ,f?
ol[marmyef;vd@k vrf;ab;rSm±Sw d hJ urf;eHab;ausmufw;kH }u;D udk rS+D y;D tdyf

aysmo f mG ;w,f? ol[m c%tdyaf ysmo f mG ;+y;D vef@E;kd vmwJt h cg naeapmif;
oGm;wJt h wGuf tdrjf yefa&mufawmhrmS r[kwaf =umif;odv@kd ywf0ef;usiu f kd
a0S0› =J unfv h ukd w
f t hJ cg vlomG ;vlvmenf;wJh vrf;usKd vrf;=um;av;wpf
vrf;udrk oJruGv J rS ;f jrif&w,f? zcifjzpfo[ l m tJ'v D rf;=um;av;twdik ;f
vdu
k o f mG ;awmh ntarSmifruscif roJruGjJ rif&wJh a0a00g;0g;tvif;a&mif
xJrmS ESi;f qDyef;+c}H u;D wpf+cHe@J +caH b;rSm±Sw d hJ tdr}f uD;wpfv;kH udk vSr;f awG@&
w,f? zcifjzpfo[ l m 0rf;omtm;&eJ@ orD;axG;twGuEf iS ;f qDyef;0,fz@kd
tJ't D rd }f u;D qDukd ta&mufóu;d pm;+y;D oGm;±Smw,f? ESi;f qD+caH &mufomG ;wJh
tcg tdr}f u;D ±S&d mudv k rS ;f ac:ayr,fh vlow l pfa,mufwpfavrS rawG@&bl;/
ywf0ef;usirf mS tvGew f w d qf w
d +f ird o f ufaewmyJ? tJ'ge@J zcifjzpfo[ l m
tdrx f 0J ifomG ;+y;D vSnyhf wf=unf±h w _ t hJ cg tdrx f rJ mS tdy&f mcif;/ a&csKd ;cef;eJ@
tpm;taomuftqifoifjh yifqifxm;wmudk awG@&w,f? armyef;vGe;f vd@k
ol[m a&rd;k csKd ;tpmpm;+y;D wJah emufrmS tdy&f m0ifomG ;w,f?
zcif}u;D [m ESpòf cu d pf mG tdyaf ysmo

f mG ;+y;D reufr;kd aomufcge;D rSm ajrivsiv
f y_ f
ovdrk sKd ;cHpm;&+y;D tdru f w
kd pfa,mufa,mufjyefvmaerSe;f cHpm;&vd@k zcif
26
}u;D [m a=umuf±@HGpmG eJ@ tdraf tmufuu kd wkeu f ,ife@J i@kH =unfv h u

kd w f thJ cg
bDv;l }u;D wpfaumif tdrx f jJ yef0ifvmwmudak wG@&w,f? bDv;l }u;D u zcif
jzpfou l kd awG@wt hJ cg r±drk aoeJ@o@l trd u f 0kd ifvm+y;D tpm;taomufawG
pm;um ol@ae&mxdkicf if;udk zsuq f ;D wJt h wGuf tckyo J @l upkd m;ypfr,fv@kd
ajymw,f? tJ't D csed rf mS zcif}u;D u bDv;l }u;D ol@urkd pm;zd@k awmif;yef+y;D ol@
orD;axG;u vwfqwfar$;óuid w f EhJ iS ;f qDyef;wpfyiG v fh ckd siv f @dk bDv;l }u;D udk
ESi;f qDyef;wpfyiG ahf wmif;0,fw,f? bDv;l }u;D [m zcifjzpfo&l phJ um;awGukd
em;axmif+y;D / “'gq&kd if/ OD;}u;D orD;vdck siw f yhJ ef;wpfyiG u hf kd cl;,lomG ;ay;/ t
zd;k tcay;p&mrvdb k ;l ? 'gayr,fh OD;}u;D *wdwpfcak y;&r,f? OD;}u;D ±Gmudjk yef
oGm;zd@k oH;k &uftcsed af y;r,f? oH;k &ufjynfw h ahJ e@rmS OD;}u;D &Jo h rD;axG;udk ac:
vmay;&r,f? OD;}u;D ra&mufvm&if ±Gmudo k mG ;+y;D OD;}u;D eJ@O;D }u;D &Jrh od m;pk
awGukd tukev f ;kH pm;ypfr,f” vd@k awmif;qdw k thJ cg zcifjzpfo[ l m a=umuf
a=umufe@J bDv;l }u;D udk *wday;vdu k w f ,f? tJ'aD emuf zcif}uD;[m +cx H J
qif;oGm;+y;D orD;vdck siw f yhJ ef;wpfyiG uhf ckd ;l +y;D ±Gmudjk yefvmcJw h ,f? vrf;wpf
av#mufv;kH jyefvmcJah yr,fh bmrSpOf;pm;vd@k r&bl;? orD;axG;udk t&rf;cspf
vd@k orD;axG;udk bDv;l }u;D qDac:vmay;&rSmjzpfwt hJ wGuf zcif}u;D [m0rf;
enf;aew,f?
zcif}u;D [m tdru f jkdyefa&mufvmwJt h cg 0,fvmwJyh pPn;f awG wpfc+k y;D wpf

ckxw k +f y;D orD;}u;D eJ@orD;vwfuakd y;vdu k +f y;D orD;axG;vdck siw
f &hJ ES@H oif;wJh
ESi;f qDyef;eDe&D &J aJ v;wpfyiG u hf akd y;vdu
k wf ,f? orD;axG;u olvckd siw f EhJ iS ;f qD
yef;ud&k vd@k 0rf;omtm;&eJ@zcifqaD jy;vm+y;D xdEk iS ;f qDyef;udk erf;vdu k w f t hJ
cgzcif}u;D [m rsu&f nfrsm;us&mu/ “orD;axG;--orD;cspw f hJ yef;&Jt h zd;k udk
ray;&bl;? 'gayr,fh orD;tJ'yD ef;ydik ±f iS ef @J omG ;ae&r,f? orD;av;roGm;&if
oltazwd@k ukd tukev f ;kH tcuftcJay;vdrrhf ,f”wJ?h orD;axG;[m ESi;f qD
27
yef;udk cspjf rwfE;kd pGmeJ@=unf+h y;D / “oGm;&r,fqv kd oJ mG ;ygrh ,f”? 'ga=umifh zcif
}uD;udk/ “orD;b,fawmhomG ;&rSmvJ” vd@k ar;+yD; “yef;trsm;}uD;±Sdao;
vm;” vd@k zcifukd wpfzefxyfar;wJt h cg–zcifjzpfou l / “ yef;awGtrsm;}u;D
yJorD;/ oH;k &ufjynf&h if orD;oGm;&r,f” vdk@orD;udjk yefajzw,f? orD;u
quf+y;D / “azazorD;udo k mG ;yd@k aemf” [kajym+y;D zcif[morD;ud*k wday;vdu k f
w,f? oH;k &ufajrmufwahJ e@rmS orD;axG;[m txkyt f yd;k tqifoifjh yifqif
+y;D ojzifh zcifuorD;udk bDv;l }u;D qDomG ;yd@k ay;&awmhr,f? orD;axG;[mrd
cife@J tpfr}u;D ESpaf ,mufuEkd w _ q f ufum 0rf;ompGmjzifh zcife@J twlvu kd yf g
oGm;awmhw,f?
zcif[m orD;axG;udv k rf;wpfav#mufac:oGm;+y;D ±GmeJ@wpfjznf;jznf;a0;

vmcJu h m naeapmif;vmwJt h csed rf mS zcifuyef;+c}H u;D udk vSr;f awG@&vd@k o
rD;udyk ef;+c±H &dS mae&mod@k vuf!;_d xd;k jyvdu k w
f thJ cg orD;uyef;+cu H akd wG@vukd f
&wJt h cg t&rf;0rf;omoGm;w,f? olw@kda±So › @kdajcvSr;f qufvrS ;f cJu
h mr=um
rDyef;+coH @kad &mufvm=u+y;D om;tzESpaf ,muf[m tdr}f u;D ay:udw k ufomG ;
=uw,f? jzpfcsiaf wmh tJ'rD mS rde;f uav;twGuf tpm;taomuf/ tdy&f m
xdik cf if;awGukd tukefvk;H tqifoifjh yifqifay;xm;owJh? om;tpfzESpf
a,muf[m a&rd;k csKd ;+y;D tpm;tpmrsm;udpk m;aomuf+y;D t&ifwpfacguf
uvdk tdy&f mxJ0iftyd v f u
kd w
f ,f?
t&ifuvdyk J zcif[m rd;k vif;cge;D rSm ajrivsiv f y_ o

f vdck pH m;&+y;D bDv;l }u;D
jyefvmaewmudo k v d @kd tvGeaf =umuf±@HG aeayr,fh orD;axG;u bmudrk rS
a=umufb;l ? ESpòf cu d pf mG eJ@ tdyaf rmusaew,f? bDv;l }u;D tdraf y:wufvm
+y;D zcif}u;D udak wG@ojzif/h “OD;}u;D &Joh rD;vku
d v
f m&Jv h m;” vd@k ar;awmh zcif
}u;D uol@ orD;vdu k v f mygw,fv@kd tajzay;w,f? tJ'ge@J bDv;l }u;D u zcif
28
udk tpm;taomufrsm;ay;+y;D ±Gmudjk yefcikd ;f vdu k w f ,f? zcifu tpm;t

aomufpm;+y;D oGm;ayr,fh orD;urEd;k vmao;bl;? zcif}u;D ±Gmudjk yefomG ;&
awmhr,f? 'gayr,fo h rD;rEd;k vmao;wma=umifh pmav;wpfapmifa&;xm;
ay;cJwh ,f? pmav;u/ “orD;axG;azazjyefomG ;+yaD emf/ bk&m;ociforD;udk
=unf±h a_ pmifah ±Smufygap”wJ?h +y;D awmh orD;&Jah cgi;f &if;ab;rSm pm±Guaf v;
udck sxm;ay;cJ+h y;D ±Gmudjk yefomG ;w,f? bDv;l }u;D u zcifjzpfoel @J uysmu,m
pum;vmajym+y;D xGuo f mG ;w,f?
orD;axG;Ed;k vmwJt h cg vlow l pfa,mufwpfavudrk #rawG@&bl;? zcif}u;D
a&;xm;cJw h phJ mav;wpfapmifuzkd wf+y;D at;csr;f pGmeJ@yJ tpm;taomuf,l
pm;+y;D tdrfxrJ mS yJ wdwq f w d pf mG wpfaeukeaf e&vd@k yef;+cx H q J if;av#muf
oGm;+y;D iSuu f av;awG/ vdyjf ymav;awG yef;+cx H rJ mS a0S0› yJ so
H ef;aewmudk
=unfu h m ±SOu hf av;rsm;&Jah tmfoaH wGuekd m;axmif+y;D orD;axG;av;[m
aysmjf rL;aew,f? olEiS ;f qD+cu H kd vrf;av#mufvn S yhf wf=unfw h t hJ cg +c}H u;D &Jh
tv,frmS opfyif}u;D wpfyifuakd wG@&vd@k tJ'o D pfyifatmufrmS tem;,lt
yef;ajzzd@k pOf;pm;w,f? opfyif}u;D em;a&mufomG ;awmh ylveG ;f vd@k ajcukef
vufyef;usum touf±SLrGe;f usyfpmG eJ@vJavsmif;aewJhbDvl;}uD;wpf
aumifuakd wG@&w,f? raxG;[m *±k%moem;pdwt f jynfeh @J a=umuf±@HGjcif;
uif;rJ@pmG jzifh bDv;l }u;D qDvrS ;f oGm;w,f? +y;D awmhraxG;av;[m bDv;l }u;D
udzk uf+y;D zGzaG v;terf;wyGiahf y;vdu k v
f ‹kd bDv;l }u;D [m ±kww f &ufacsm
armcef@nm;wJh bk&ifo h m;awmfwpfa,muftoGio f @kd ul;ajymif;oGm;w,f?
tJ'ge@J raxG;av;u/ “oifvo l m;jzpf+y;D bmjzpfv@kda=umufp&maumif;wJh
bDv;l }u;D vdk toGiaf jymif;&ovJ” vd@k b&k ifo h m;awmfuakd r;w,f? tJ'ge@J
bk&ifo h m;awmfu/ “wrvGeb f m0rSm u|Eykf t f rSm;usK;vGecf rhJ v d @kd u|Eykf rf cd if
uused q f w
J thJ wGuf tckvb kd v D ;l }u;D jzpfvm&wmyg” vd@k raxG;udjk yefajzqdk
w,f?
29
raxG;av;eJ@b&k ifo h m;awmf[m pum;awGajym=u+y;D bk&ifo h m;awmfu

rde;f uav;&Jv h ufuu kd ikd +f y;D tdr}f u;D qDjyefav#mufomG ;wJt h cg ±kww f &uf+cH
}u;D eJ@trd }f u;D [m bk&ifeh ef;awmfjzpfomG ;+y;D ESi;f qD+c}H u;D rSm vSywJòh rŒd awmf
}u;D jzpfomG ;w,f? aemufyikd ;f raxG;eJ@b&k ifo h m;awmfw@kd xdr;f jrm;vufxyf
+y;D ud,k &f aH wmfrsm;eJ@ aysm±f i$ pf mG aexdik u f mxdòk r@d awmf}u;D udk at;csr;f om
,mpGmeJ@tyk cf sKyfomG ;cJah wmhw,f?
aemfaeom;xl; (28/ 04/ 2006)
30
claemfav;ESiahf emfral t;
wpf&aH &mtcguclaemfav;eJ‹aemfral t;qdw k ZhJ eD;armifEEHS pS af ,muf±w

dS ,f?
olw‹kdrmS acG;wpfaumif/ 0ufwpfaumife‹J csLd ;iSuu
f av;wpfaumif ±Sw d ,f?
wpfae‹rSmclaemfav;awmxJxif;acGzdk‹oGm;wJhtcgvla,mifaqmif
xm;wJph yg;}u;D a¹rw
G pfaumifuakd wG‹w,f?
vla,mifaqmifxm;wJhpyg;}uD;a¹ru G claemfav;udo k ‹l eJ‹eyrf;vH;k zd‹k ped af c:

w,f? wpfu,fv‹dk claemfav;u±_H;&ifol‹ZeD;udv k al ,mifaqmifxm;wJh
pyg;}uD;a¹rGukad y;+y;D claemfav;uEdik &f ifoal wmif;wmtm;vHk;udak y;r,f
vdk‹ajymw,f? tJ'Dawmhow l k‹d p+y;D eyrf;vH;k =uwmaygh? aemufqk;H awmh
claemfav;u±_;H +y;D tdru f jkd yefvmw,f?
aemufwpfae‹reufrmS claemfav;uol‹red ;f rudt k rd af y:uaetdrfatmuf

udrk qif;zd‹k ajym+y;D &yfa0;udu
k ek u
f ;l zd‹k omG ;w,f? olroGm;cifo‹l red ;f rudt
k rd f
31
rSmaumif;aumif;aecJzh ‹kd eJ‹0ufpmau|;&iftrd af y:uyJavmif;csz‹kd eJ‹trd f

atmufrqif;zd‹k xyfcgxyfcgrmS cJ+h y;D ukeu
f ;l zd‹k xu
G o
f mG ;w,f?
aemfrlat;uvJtrd frSmol‹&h0J ufuav;/ acG;eJ‹csdK;iSuu f av;eJ‹twlusef

cJw
h ,f? aemufwpfae‹rmS aemfral t;0ufpmau|;wJt h cgo‹l a,musmf ;ajym
wJth wdik ;f tdraf y:uaeavmif;csw,f? ol0ufpmavmif;csay;aewJt h csed f
rSmpyg;}u;D a¹rw G pfaumifu0ufuav;udv k mywfxm;w,f? aemfral t;u
pyg;}uD;a¹rGukad rmif;xkwaf yrJhvnf;a¹rGu0ufukv d $wfray;yJydk+yD;cdkirf m
atmifywfvmw,f? tJ't D csed rf mS rawmfwqaemfral t;&Jb h ;D uatmuf
udk usomG ;wJhtwGub f D;aumufz‹dk aemfrlat;tdrfatmufuq dk if;oGm;
w,f? tJ't D csed rf mS pyg;}u;D a¹ru G 0ufuv kd w$ v
f u
kd +f y;D aemfral t;ud&k pfywf
vdu k +f y;D pyg;}u;D a¹rw G iG ;f xJuakd c:oGm;w,f?
tjzpftysut f vH;k pHu

k akd wG‹wchJ sKd ;iSuu f av;uclaemfav;±S&d mudw k pf±mG 0if
wpf±mG xGuyf so H mG ;+y;D “wul;ul;ul; pyg;}u;D a¹ru G aemfral t;udzk rf;oGm;+y;D
claemfav;jrefjrefjyefvmyg” vdk‹aemfral t;'kuaQ &mufwmudt k oday;zdk‹
ae&mtES‹H vu kd af tmfac:w,f? iSuu f av;&Jah tmfou H =kd um;wJch al emfav;
[mtdru f jdk refjrefjyefvmw,f? tdraf &mufawmho‹l ZeD;udrk awG‹awmhb;l ?
claemfav;[mol‹ZeD;onftwGut f &rf;pdwyf w l ma=umifo h ‹l &ahJ cG;uav;
udak c:+yD;aemfral t;udt k ±SmxGucf w hJ mayg?h wpfae&ma&mufawmhacG;u
a[mifwJhtwGuf claemfav;uacG;a[mifwaJh e&mudk wl;=unfhw,f?
wGi;f xJrmS ol‹ZeD;onfe‹J pyg;}u;D a¹ru G akd wG‹vu kd wf ,f? c%t=umrSmol‹ZeD;
onfe‹J pyg;}u;D a¹r}G u;D vJaysmufomG ;jyefawmhcal emfav;uol‹ZeD;onft
wGut f &rf;pdwyf +l y;D arm&yef;&rSe;f rodbw J iG ;f wpfwiG ;f +y;D wpfwiG ;f qufw;l
w,f? aemufq;kH rSmawmho‹l ZeD;udpk yg;}u;D a¹r&G ahJ b;rSmawG‹vu kd &f w,f?
32
pyg;}u;D a¹r}G u;D u “rif;rde;f rudjk yefvckd si&f ifrif;vnfyif;aoG;udv

k ;DS +y;D tvJ
tvS,v f yk &f r,f” vd‹k ajymw,f?
claemfav;uol‹&v hJ nfyif;aoG;udv k ;DS &ifoal orSmudo

k w d t
hJ wGuo f ‹l &v
h J uf
armif;aoG;udv k ;DS +y;D pyg;}u;D a¹ru
G odk mG ;ay;w,f? 'guo kd wd phJ yg;}u;D a¹r}G u;D
uclaemfav;&Jhvnfacsmif;aoG;r&rcsif;aemfrlat;udkjyefrv$wfay;bl;
vd‹k ajymw,f?
'ge‹J aemufq;kH rSmawmho‹l ZeD;onfuo kd yd cf spw

f chJ al emfav;uol‹vnfyif;udk
vS;D +y;D pyg;}u;D a¹r}G u;D udok ‹l &v hJ nfacsmif;aoG;awGuakd y;vdu k +f y;D touft
aocHoGm;w,f? 'ge‹J ypJ yg;}u;D a¹rG}u;D uvJo‹l ZeD;onfuv kd w$ af y;vdu
k f
w,f? 'gayrJo h ‹l a,musfm;&Jt h avmif;udrk D;oò*õ[af ewke;f aemfral t;u
t&rf;0rf;enf;ae+y;D pdwu f rkd xde;f Edik af wmhyrJ ;D yH;k xJuckd ek q
f if;oGm;+y;D ud,k hf
udu k , kd t
f qH;k pD&ifvu kd af &mowJu h , G ?f
33
tcspaf 0'em
bDv;l qdw k m tvGeaf =umufp&maumif;w,f? t&rf;vJ±yk q f ;kd tusn;f wef

w,f? tpm;vJ}u;D rS}u;D yJ? tpm;tpmawGuv kd nf; tpdr;f yJpm;w,f? ouf
±Sv
d o
l m;jzpfwu hJ |Eykf w
f @kd [m bDv;l awGóuu
d wf t hJ pm;tpmwpfcjk zpfw,f?
olw@kd ±yk uf v
kd nf; trsKd ;rsKd ;ajymif;vJwwf+y;D aoG;aqmifjzm;a,mif;wwf
onf? oD[Vkd u f |e;f vd@k ac:wJah e&mrSmbDv;l }u;D awGe,fcs+›J y;D bDv;l bk&ifu
tkycf sKyfw,f? bDv;l bk&ifrmS wlrbDv;l rif;orD;wpfyg;vJ±w dS ,f?
bDv;l rrSm tac|t&HawGtrsm;}u;D ±Sw d ,f? bDv;l r}u;D eJ@tac|t&HawG[m

u|e;f udv
k n
S v
hf nfomG ;+y;D a&xJarsmygvmwJvh al wGuakd wG@&if olw@kd&t
hJ pm;
tpmjzpfomG ;w,f? bDv;l r}u;D [m vlom;tom;udrk pm;&wm=umoGm;
vd@k t&rf;pm;csiaf ew,f? tJ'ga=umifh bDv;l r}uD;u/ “igw@kd oabFmysuf
34
wpfp;D arsmygvmwmawG@&ifawmh oabFmxJu±Sw d v hJ al wGuo kd mG ;±Sm+y;D ig

wd@k &t
hJ &om±Sw
d t
hJ pm;tpmawGvyk rf ,f/ 'gt
h jyif yG}J u;D usi;f y+y;D wpf0}u;D
pm;aomuf=u&atmif” vd@k o@l &t
hJ ac|t&HawGuakd jymawmh ol@tac|t&H
awGvnf; t&rf;oabmusomG ;w,f? bDv;l r}u;D &Jah r#mv f ifch sujf ynfo h mG ;
+yD?
bDv;l r}u;D eJ@wynfrh sm; tpmapmifph m;aewJt h csed ef @J wduk wf u kd q

f idk q
f ikd yf ?J
tJ'rD mS a&xJuopfysOjf ym;eJ@ arsmygvmwJv h o
l m;awGuakd wG@&w,f? azmif
}u;D wpfp;D [m avwdu k +f y;D ysupf ;D oGm;wJt h wGuf azmifp;D wJv h al wG[m ol
wd@k vufvrS ;f rSw
D o
hJ pfjym;awGuq kd +JG y;D a&eJ@twlarsm ygvm=uw,f? 'Dvekd @J
a&xJrmS wpfjznf;jznf;arsmygvm+y;D bDv;l }u;D awGaewJah e&meJ@ eD;uyfvm
w,f? bDv;l r}u;D u 'guakd wG‹omG ;ojzifh 0rf;omtm;&eJ@/ “ rif;wd@k wpfcsKd @
acG;vdt k oGiaf jymif;+y;D vlawGarsmvmwJah e&mawGrmS ud, k af &mifomG ;jy=u/
bmjzpfv@kd vJ qdak wmh olw@kdyifv,fa&xJarsmygvm=uvd@k olw@dka&qm+y;D
a&±Smaomuf =uvdrhrf ,f? yifv,fa&uiHvk@d vlawGuacG;udkawG@&if
'Dae&mrSm ±Gmwpf±mG ±Gm 'grrS [kwf tdrw f pfv;Hk vH;k ±Sw d ,fv@kd olw@kd awG;rd
vdrrhf ,f? vlawGuacG; aemufuv kd u kd vf m&if igw@kd zrf;pm;+y;D t&om±Sw d hJ
tpm;taomufawGvyk rf ,f” vd@k tac|t&HawGuakd jymw,f?
olw@kdtuGuq f ifxm;wJt
h wdik ;f vlawGukd rsm;pGmzrf;rd=uw,f? 'gayrJt h 'J D
txJu vlwpfa,mufu bDv;l r}u;D awGqrD vmbl;? tJ'v D [l m ynm±Sd
+y;D Om%faumif;w,f/ ud, k uhf ,
kd u
f ,kd =kH unfrt
_ jynf±h w
dS hJ bk&ifo h m;awmf
wpfyg;jzpfw,f? bDv;l r}u;D [m bk&ifom;udk jzm;a,mif;ac:vd@kr&vd@k raus
eyfb;l ? 'ga=umifh avmbpdwef @J bk&ifo h m;awmfu&kd csiv f @kd ol@u, kd o f v l yS
wJrh ed ;f uav;wpfa,muftjzpf toGiaf jymif;+y;D bk&ifo h m;awmf±w dS ahJ e&m
35
udo k mG ;+y;D ol@u, kd o f t l ysKd pifwpfa,mufjzpfa=umif; rdwq f ufvu kd w f ,f?

tJ'v D kd olajymayr,fv h nf; olr&Jrh suv f ;kH awGe@J b&k ifo
h m;udk uEG@J uvs!@_d
,lzrf;pm;aew,f? bk&ifo h m;awmf[m jzwfx;kd Om%faumif;wJo h jl zpfv@kd'D
rde;f uav;[m bDv;l rjzpfreS ;f odaew,f? bDv;l awG[m ae@vnfreG ;f wnfh
wJt h csed rf mS ud, k &f yd rf ±Sb d ;l ? rsuv f ;kH awGu eD&aJ e+y;D rsuaf wmifrcwfb;l ?
bk&ifo h m;vJ tJ'guo kd w d ,f? tJ'ga=umifh bk&ifo h m;awmfu bmrSrodo
vdrk sKd ;aeaew,f? 'gayr,fh pdwx f rJ mS awmh bDv;l rt}ut H wdik ;f olvt J }uH
xkwv f u kd w f ,f? bDv;l r}u;D ol@u! kd K‡d Œzr;fovdk olvjJ yefn@_d zrf;vdu k w f ,f?
bmjzpfv@kd vq J akd wmh bk&ifo h m;awmf[m acsmarmcef@nm;wJah ,mufsm;
wpfa,mufjzpfvk@d bDvl;r}uD;u bk&ifo h m;awmfukrd pm;&ufb;l ? bk&ifh
om;udk tvGerf w S yfrufarm+y;D csppf w d 0f ifomG ;w,f? bk&ifo h m;awmf[m
ynm±So d jl zpfvifu h pm;bDv;l r}u;D &Jph w d u f zkd wfv@kd&w,f? tJ'ga=umifh olu
bDv;l rudck sppf um;qd+k y;D cspw f thJ a=umif;awGajymw,f?
bDv;l r}u;D [m vlawG&OhJ m%furkd rSv D @kd bk&ifo h m;awmfu, kd =kHunfomG ;+y;D ol
eJ@twlac:aevdu k w f ,f? t=uifvifr,m;tjzpfe@J aevmvd@k =umvmwJt h
cg aemufq;kH olw@kduav;&vmw,f? bk&ifo h m;awmf[m t+rw J rf;tJ'b D D
vl;}u;D awGukd Edik zf @kd b,fvv kd yk &f rvJqw kd t hJ }uaH wGukd t+rx J w k af ew,f?
wpfae@rmS ol@ZeD;bDv;l rud/k “u|Eykf u f w kd u,fcsp&f vhJ m;”
ZeD;onfu/ “toufxufq;kH cspw f ,f” wJ?h
bk&ifo h m;qifwt hJ uGux f b J v D ;l ra&mufomG ;+y?D 'geŒJ bk&ifo h m;awmfu/
“u|Eykf u f ckd spf&if--'Dwikd f;jynfukd tkycf sKyfEikd fz@kd oifu|Ekyf u f u kd n l &D r,f--
oifOh ;D &D;awmf&t hJ yk cf sKyfra_ tmufrmS u|Eykf =f um=umrae&Jb;l --u|Eykf w f @kdt
oGirf wl=uvd@k wpfae@r[kww f pfae@us&if olu|Eykf u f kd owfpm;ypfrmS rd@k v@kd
ol@uo kd wfypfcsi+f y;D ol@ae&mrSmu|Ekyf t f yk cf sKyfr,f” wJ?h
36
bDv;l r}u;D tcufóu+H y?D wpfzufuvJ OD;&D;awmf/ wpfzufrmS u olcsp&f wJh

cifyeG ;f jzpfaew,f? cifyeG ;f onfu ol@urkd uln&D if ol@urkd cspb f ;l vd@k yw
J ?hJ
bDv;l r}u;D [m a=umufp&maumif;ayr,fv h nf; ol@pwd xf rJ mS tcspt f
wGut f oufpaw;&Jw,f? tJ'ga=umifh ol@cifyeG ;f onfu/kd “u|erf wd@k qrD mS
wpfEpS w f pfcg tpnf;ta0;}u;D vkyw f ,f? tJ't D pnf;ta0;yGJ}u;D vky&f if
OD;&D;awmf&ahJ b;em;rSm u|erf t+rx J ikd wf ,f? 'gah =umifh oifatmufrmS toifh
apmifx h m;/ u|erf tcsuaf y;vdu k &f if nmbufrmS xdik af ewJv h [l m u|erf &Jh
OD;&D;awmfy?J oifvyk fcsio f vdvk yk yf g” wJ?h
tJ'u D p+y;D bk&ifo h m;awmf[m vSw H pfacsmif;udx k ufatmif ae@wikd ;f aoG;ae
w,f? bDv;l }u;D awG&t hJ pnf;ta0;yGu J sa&mufvmwJt h cg bk&ifo
h m;awmf
[m tdraf tmufrmS apmif=h unfah ew,f? ol@red ;f r&Jt h oHu=dk um;&wmeJ@
wpfòyid ef ufbv D ;l bk&ifukd tm;ukev f eHS @J x;kd csvu kd vf @kd wpfcgwnf;bDv;l bk
&ifaoqH;k oGm;w,f? bDvl;awG&b Jh k&ifr±Sad wmhwt Jh wGuf bDv;l r[m
ol@a,mufsm;udb k &k iftjzpf wifajrm‡ ufvu kd w f ,f? bk&ifo h m;awmf[mbk
&ifjzpf+yD;wJah emufykid ;f zcifqu D tac|t&HawGurkd mS +yD; òrŒd awmf}u;D wpf
òrŒd wnfaqmufvu kd wf ,f? ol[m xD;eef;qufcw H hJ tcrf;tem;usi;f y&rSm
jzpfv@dkbv D ;l r}u;D eJ@ roifah wmfwt h J wGuf acsmarmvSy+y;D Om%fxufwt hJ
rsKd ;orD;wpfOD;udk w&m;0ifrdbk&m;tjzpfa±G;cs,w f ifajr‡mufvku d fw,f?
aemufawmhbv D ;l r}u;D eJ@o@l &t
hJ ac|t&HawGukd òrŒd awmf}u;D rSEiS x f wk v
f u
dk f
w,f?
tJ'rD mS bDv;l r}uD;[m 0rf;enf;a=uuGu J m rsu&f nfwpfprd phf rd u
fh svm+yD;
ol@cifyeG ;f onfukd t}urd }f urd af wmif;yefayr,fh bk&ifom;awmfu/ “vl
om;eJ@bv D ;l awG[m roifjh rwfb;l / bDv;l [m bDv;l tcsi;f csi;f udyk cJ sp&f rSm
jzpfovdk vlawGuvJ vltcsif;csi;f udyk cJ sp&f r,f” wJ?h
37
bDv;l r}u;D uquf+y;D awmh/ “'gq&kd if u|erf pdwaf jzEdik zf @kd twGuf u|erf u
av;awGuakd y;yg” wJ?h 'gayrJh bk&ifu ol@uav;awGurdk ay;wJt h jyif bD
vl;r}u;D udk eef;awmfrES iS x f wk yf pfvukd w
f ,f? bDv;l r}u;D crsm 0rf;enf;a=u
uGpJ mG jzifh ajcrJv
h ufrehJ @J xuG of mG ;&±Smw,f?
'DyjkHyifuav;ud=k unf&h v#if bDv;l r[m a=umufp&maumif;ayr,fh ol@cif

yGe;f eJ@uav;awGukd wu,fcsp±f mS w,f? 'gayr,fh ol@&t hJ csp[ f m ae&mr
rSewf t hJ wGuf oltcuftcJe@J óuaH wG@&w,f? 'Dt h jyif tcspu f kd wefz;kd xm;vd@k
ol@vrl sKd ;awGysupf ;D jcif;od@k a&mufomG ;w,f? 'g[m ol@&0hJ Vfaºu;G vd@k yJ owf
rSw&f awmhrmS ayg?h
aemfoEl;0g;
38
'l;&if;oD;eJUemewfo;D
a±S;a±S;wkef;u'l;&if;oD;eJ‹emewfoD;wdk‹[m
oli,fcsi;f awGjzpf=uw,f? [dw k ek ;f uemewf
oD;&JhrsufE Sm[mtcke J‹rwlbJacsmarG‹vSy
wmaygu h ,G ?f emewfo;D [mol‹&ahJ csmarG‹vyS
wJrh suEf mS jyifawGa=umifbh 0ifjrifwh mayg?h 'l;
&if;oD;rSmawmhq;l awGe‹J jynfEh Suaf evd‹k o‹l ukd
vlwikd ;f ua=umuf=uw,f?
'gayrJhemewfyif[medrfh+yD;awmh'l;
&if;yifutjrifh}uD; ayghu G, f? 'g
a=umifo h wl ‹kd [mwpfa,mufe‹J wpf
a,mufrmefrmeawGwuf+yD;awmh
&efapmif=uowJ?h wpfae‹rSmolwk‹d
[m&efjzpf=u+yD;awmh';l &if;oD;u
emewfo;D &Jrh suEf mS udo
k ‹l &q
hJ ;l awGe‹J
xd;kd awmhwmayg?h
tJ'Dtcsed fup+yD;emewfo;D &Jrh suEf mS [m[dw

k ek ;f
uvdrk acsmarG‹awmhyt
J puftajymufawGay:vm
awmhwmayg?h
39
ig;½SOu
Yf av;
wpfcgwkef;uig;±S›Ofom;trdEpS af umif±w Sd ,f? ig;±SO› rf }u;D [mol‹om;udk

[dkta0;}uD;roGm;zd‹k rSm=um;owJ?h 'gayrJih g;±S›Ou
f av;uol‹tarpum;
udek m;raxmify[
J ;kd ta0;}u;D udak v#mufomG ;wmayg?h oGm;&if;oGm;&if;eJ‹
wpfae&ma&mufawmho‹l &ht J a±Sr› mS wDaumifwpfaumifwaJG vmif;usae
wmudjk rif&w,f? tJ't D csed rf mS ol‹taruol‹uv kd u kd ±f mS aewmayg?h
ig;±SO› fuav;uwGJavmif;usaewJw h Daumif}uD;ud=k unfh+yD;t&rf;pm;csif

owJ?h ig;±SO› rf }u;D [mol‹om;udk “rpm;eJ‹” vd‹k vrS ;f atmfajymvdkuw f ,f?
ol‹tar&Jah tmfoaH =umifih g;±SO› u f av;uvef‹omG ;+y;D wku d w
f ukd qf ikd q
f ikd rf mS
yJ=um;xJuaeig;wpfaumifuwGaJ vmif;usaewJw h aD umif}u;D ud[ k yfpm;
vduk w f t
hJ cgig;r#m;wHe‹J ro
d mG ;wmayg?h ±SO› u
f av;uvJig;r#m;wHe‹J r&d rJah b;
uvGwaf jrmufomG ;wmayg?h tJ'aD e‹up+y;D ig;±SO› u f av;uol‹tarpum;
em;axmif+y;D ol‹tareJ‹a0;a0;roGm;oifrh eS ;f odomG ;wmaygu h , G ?f
40
*VKeif u
S yf jkHyif
a±S;tcgu bk&ifrif;jrwf}u;D wpfyg;u wdik ;f jynfukd at;csr;f om,mpGmtkyf

csKyfw,f? ol@rmS orD;awmfav;wpfyg;±Sw d ,f? wpfcgu *VKeif u S af wGubk
&ifw
h ik d ;f jynfrmS aewJh wdik ;f oljynfom;awGukd ae@wikd ;f vmpm;oGm;wma=umifh
vlawGa=umuf±@HGvm=uw,f? olw@kd ae@wikd ;f *VKeif u S af wG&hJ tpmjzpfomG ;&
±Smw,f? tckeef;awmfxrJ mS bk&ife@J b&k ifrh o d m;pkawG tcuftcJóuaH wG@
ae&+y?D olw@kd ro d m;pko;kH a,mufy±J w dS ,f? rdb&k m;aooGm;&ifvJ jy\em/
bk&ifaooGm;&ifv'J u k yQ ?J orD;av;vJwpfa,mufy±J w dS ,f/ wdik ;f oljynf
om;awGvJ *VKefpm;oGm;wm ukecf geD;+y?D rwwfEkid b f ;l ao&awmhrmS yJ?
wpfae@rmS ±Gmtjyifbufowif;ayguaf &mufomG ;vd@k tzGm;eJ@aewJrh b d rJh

oli,fav;wpfa,mufu tJ'o D wif;ud=k um;oGm;+y;D bk&ifeh ef;awmfuo
kd mG ;
zd@k tzGm;udkcGihaf wmif;w,f? tzGm;u ajr;udkrv$wf&Jbl;? “ajr;wpf
41
a,mufwnf;eJ@*VKefiu S af wGurkd Edik Ef ikd b

f ;l ? vltrsm;}uD;aooGm;+yD;?
ajr;aooGm;&if tzGm;udk b,fov l yk af u|;rSmvJ” wJ?h
ajr;u/ “udprP ±Sbd ;l tzGm;/ tzGm;udk u|eaf wmfyv J yk af u|;rSmayg”h ?
tzGm;u ajr;udw k m;vd@k r&awmhwma=umifh 0rf;enf;a=uuGpJ mG eJ@i, kd akd e
w,f? ajr;jzpfou l c&D;xGuo f mG ;+y?D olòrŒd awmfxaJ &mufomG ;awmh vlawG
aouke+f y?D
*VKeftpmvmpm;wJhae&mrSm tvGeaf csmarmvSywJh rde;f rysdKav;wpf

a,mufuakd wG@&vd@k / “csppf &maumif;wJrh ed ;f uav; --bmjzpfv@kd 'rD mS vm
aewmvJ” vd@k ar;w,f?
tJ'rD mS rde;f rysKd av;[m rsuf&nfus&if;/ “u|erf tem;udk vmruyfe@J /

u|erf eJ@±iS huf dk ESpaf ,mufpvHk;*VKefpm;oGm;r,f/ a0;a0;udk xGufoGm;/
*VKefiu S af &mufvmawmhr,f” wJ/h vkvifysKd av;u aemufrqkwo f mG ;bl;?
b,ftcsed rf mS *VKeaf &mufvmrvJv@kdyJ wpfww G w
f w
G af r;aevd@k rde;f rysKd u
av;u/ “naeydik ;f rSm a&mufvmwwfw,f” wJ?h vkvifysdK/ “cifAsm;t
oufukd u|eaf wmfu,fr,f/ cifAsm;em;rSmyJ aeyg&ap” wJ?h vkvifysKd &Jt h
ajyma=umifh rde;f uav;twGuf pdwt f aESmift
h ,Sujf zpfomG ;+y?D vkvifysKd o@l
udck spaf erd+y?D 'gayr,fh bmrSrwwfEidk fawmhb;l / 'DnyJ olao&awmhrSm?
vkvifysKd uav;[m aemufausmvSn+hf y;D tzGm;ay;xm;wJo h vH #u"f g;udk
+r+J rt
J qifoifq h yk u
f ikd x
f m;w,f?
*VKefiu
S af &mufvm+y?D vkvifysKd [m &J&ifph w
d t
f jynfeh @J *VKefiu
S q
f o
D mG ;+y;D /
“cifAsm; 'DrmS bmvmvkyw f mvJ?”
42
*VKefiu S uf / “a[h--ige@J pum;vmrajymeJ@/ igu h kd taESmift,Surf ay;eJ@”

wJh? tJ'ge‹J vkvifysKd uav;[m a'goaxmif;ceJxu G fvm+yD; *VKefiu S fukd
oHv#u"f g;eJ@ tm;ukex f ;kd csypfvu kd w
f ,f? *VKeif u S v f J xdak e&mrSmyGcJ si;f +y;D
aoqH;k oGm;w,f? vkvifysKd &hJ oHv#u"f g;[m wefc;kd ±Sw d "hJ g;jzpfw,f? vkvif
ysKd av;[m aemufq;kH rSm *VKefut kd Edik &f oGm;+y;D rde;f rysKd uav;udk bk&ifrh if;
orD;jzpfreS ;f odomG ;w,f? vkvifysKd av;eJ@ bk&ifrh if;orD;av;ESpOf ;D [mcspf
óuu d o
f mG ;=u+y;D aemufvv k ifysKd av;[m tzGm;udk ol@e@J twlac:ae+y;D oH;k
a,mufom;om,mat;csr;f pGmaexdik o f mG ;=uawmhw,f?
aemfap;v,fazm
43
EIwrf apmifah omvdyf
wpfcgwkef;ua&uefwpfuefrSmvdyw f pfaumif±w Sd ,f? tJ'Dvdyf[mt

&rf;yJpum;rsm;w,f? aEG&moDae‹wpfae‹rmS a&uefxu J a&awGcef;ajcmuf
oGm;wJt h wGuv f dyfaomufz‹kd a&vH;k 0r±Sad wmhb;l ? tJ'Da&uefab;rSm
iSu}f uD;ESpaf umif±w Sd ,f? tJ'iD u S Ef pS af umifuvdyfuo dk em;wJhtwGuf
ulnzD ‹kdt}uOH m%fxw k =f uw,f? aemufq;kH olw‹kd[mvdyu f tkd jcm;a&uef
wpfuefu, kd o l mG ;zd‹k q;kH jzwfvu kd w f ,f? 'ge‹J ycJ ikd cf ef‹ww hJ w k wf pfacsmif;udk
,l+yD;wkw&f hw J pfzufwpfcsupf u D udu k fcs+D y;D vdyuf w kd w k &f t Jh v,frmS udu k f
apuma&±Sad oma&uefxu J akd c:aqmifomG ;awmhw,f?
vrf;rSm±Gmwpf±mG &Jt h ay:rSmjzwfoef;yso H ef;oGm;wJt h cgatmufuuav;

awGu “igw‹kdvyd o f m;pm;csiw f ,f? igw‹kd vyd o
f m;pm;csiw f ,f” vd‹k atmf
ajymwJth oH=um;awmh vdyu f pdwx
f rJ mS “igth om;udb k ,fawmhrpS m;&rSm
r[kwb f ;l ” vd‹k awG;+y;D jyefatmfajymzd‹k yg;pyf[vdu k w f t
hJ csed rf mS atmufukd
usomG ;awmhwmaygu h , G ?f uav;awGuvnf;usvmwJv h dyu f 0dk rf;om
tm;&oGm;aumuf+y;D naepmtjzpfcsupf m;vdu k af wmhwmayg?h
44
raumif;BuaH om&v'f
wpfcgwek ;f u ±Gmwpf±mG rSm ZeD;armifEEHS pS af ,muf±w dS ,f? olw@kd[m tysKd vl

ysKd b0uwnf;u vufxyfxrd ;f jrm;vmcJ=h uwmr[kwb f ;l ? olw@kd[m rkq;kd
rrkq;kd zdrk sm;jzpf=u+y;D toD;oD;rSmorD;wpfa,mufpyD gvm=uw,f? obm
0twdik ;f a,mufsm;awG[m tjyifrmS wpfaeuket f vkyo f mG ;vky&f +y;D tdrrf mS
odyrf ae=uvd@k ol@orD;[m rdaxG;om;trde@J tdrrf mS usefae&pfc&Jh w,f?
wpfcsKd @red ;f rawG[m aoG;&if;om;&if;rSomcsp+f y;D om;orD;r[kww f ohJ l
awGuakd orwwfrek ;f =uw,f? 'Dred ;f r}u;D [mvJ ol@orD;udyk cJ spw f ,f/ ol@
a,mufsm;&Jo h rD;udk vH;k 0rcspb
f ;l ? tvkyaf wG&ufpufpmG cdik ;f pm;+y;D ±du
k Ef u
S f
avh±w dS ,f? +y;D awmh ol@orD;pm;+y;D wJx h rif;use[ f if;useaf wGukyd J rde;f u
av;udak y;pm;w,f? 'gayr,fh cifyeG ;f onftrd jf yefa&mufvmwJt h cg rde;f u
av;udk cifyeG ;f a±Sr› mS csp[ f efaqmifjyw,f? rde;f uav;u rdaxG;udak =umuf
vd@k zcifukd olcpH m;ae&wJt h a=umif;awGukd jyefrajymjy&ufb;l ? tJ'Dvykd J
}uw d rf w
dS cf pH m;aew,f?
rdaxG;[m rdef;uav;tay:rSm 'Davmufqdk;wmrauseyfao;bl;?
rde;f uav;udk owfypfz@kd }upH nfw,f? rdaxG;u/ “'Daumifrao&if at;
45
oGm;rSmyJ” wJ?h tJ'ga=umifh ol[mraumif;}upH nf+y;D wpfae@rmS rde;f uav;

udak csmif;xJrmS a&csKd ;qHyifav#mzf @kd ac:oGm;w,f? rde;f uav;acgi;f iH‹k +y;D qHyif
av#maf wmhrnfq h q J rJ mS rde;f uav;udak &xJweG ;f csypfw,f? +y;D awmhou l /
“'Dwpfcgawmhao+y/D rSwx f m;/ igauseyfvu kd w
f m” vd@k ajym+y;D tdrjf yefvmcJh
w,f? cifyeG ;f ,H=k unfatmif oltoufxu G rf wwfijkd yaew,f? “uln=D u
ygt;kH -orD;av;a&xJusomG ;+y”D rde;f uav;&Jzh cif[m acsmif;xJajy;oGm;ay
r,fh orD;av;u[d;k ta0;}u;D rSm a&eJ@arsmygomG ;vd@k ol@orD;a&epfao+yv D @kd
xif+y;D idik ,
kd ,
kd ekd @J trd u
f jkdyefvmcJwh ,f? rdaxG;uvnf; uliw kd m atmh+yv J ef
aewmyJ?
rde;f uav;[m a&xJarsmygomG ;+y;D urf;udak &mufz@kduyfu;l wJt h csed rf mS jrpf

urf;ab;u ±_cif;=unfah ewJh olaX;}u;D ZeD;armifEEHS pS af ,mufe@J omG ;qHk
w,f? olw@kd rmS om;orD;r±Sb d ;l ? rde;f uav;a&xJarsmygvmwmudak wG@v@kd
wynfah wGuakd c:+y;D oGm;q,fcikd ;f vdu k wf ,f? uHaumif;axmufrpGmjzifh ao
rif;vufxJ rde;f uav;ra&mufomG ;ao;bl;? olaX;}u;D vifr,m;u rde;f u
av;udak rG;pm;vdu k w
f ,f? rde;f uav;[m olaX;orD;uav;jzpfomG ;+y;D
aysm±f i$ cf sr;f ajrph mG aexkid &f w,f?
wpfae@rmS / rde;f uav;[m ±GmrSmaewJzh cife@J rad xG;udk atmufarhv@kd olaX;

}u;D ZeD;armifEu HS kd zcife@J rad xG; qDtvnfomG ;zd@k ciG ahf wmif;um ±Gmudjk yefvm
cJhw,f? zcife@J rad xG;twGuf +red w f ht
J pm;tpmawGeJ@ rke@f awG,lomG ;ay;
w,f? rdaxG;u rde;f uav;jyefvmwmjrifawmh tvGet f h=H ooGm;w,f?
zcife@J rad xG;u rde;f uav;udk olw@kde@J twlwjl yefvmaecdik ;f w,f? 'gayr,fh
rde;f uav;[m rdaxG;eJ@ae&if 'kuaQ wGe@J yóJ u&H OD;rSmyJq+kdy;D awG;rdv@kdzcife@J rd
axG;&Jhawmif;qdkr_udk jiif;qdv k ku
d fw,f? rdef;uav;u/ “olaX;}uD;ZeD;
46
armifE[ HS m u|erf toufuu kd ,fcvhJ @kd olw@kd[m u|erf &Jah us;Zl;±Sirf sm;jzpf
w,f? tJ'ga=umifh olw@kd e‹J yJjyefae&r,f/ u|erf udck iG hv
f w $ yf g” vdk@ajym+y;D
rde;f uav;[m olaX;}u;D ZeD;armifEq HS jD yefomG ;w,f?
rdaxG;[m rde;f uav;uHaumif;wmud=k unf+h y;D t}uaH y:vmw,f? “tif;

--'Daumifrudk iga&xJweG ;f csv@kd olaX;orD;awmifjzpfomG ;w,f/ igo h rD;udk
vJa&xJomG ;wGe;f csryS ”J vd@k pOf;pm;rd+y;D ol@orD;udk acsmif;xJac:oGm;w,f?
ol@orD;av;acgi;f av#mzf w G wf t
hJ csed rf mS t&ifu rde;f uav;udo
k v
l yk cf zhJ ;l o
vdyk J ol@orD;udak &xJweG ;f csypfvu kd uf m “olaX;orD;oGm;jzpfawmh”vd@k ajym
w,f? 'gayr,fh ol‹orD;av;[m wu,fa&epfaooGm;±Smw,f? r=umrD
&ufyikd ;f av;rSmyJ ol@orD;av;&Jt h avmif; a&xJrjS yefay:vmw,f?
tJ'ga=umifh uav;wd@k a&--wpfyg;olukd remvdo k 0efrwdek @J / wpfyg;olukd

raumif;}uyH ge@J ? 'kueQ @J &ifqikd &f wwfw,f?
bd;k apmawm (armeif;pwm;pmapmif/ twGJ 3/ tkyfa& 10/ Zlvikd /f

1958) rS,I
l bmomjyefqo kd nf?
47
t½G,if ,faomfvnf;
a': }u;D vS&rhJ ;D zdak csmifxrJ mS i±kwo

f ;D / =uufoeG /f *si;f / td;k eJ‹qm;awG±o
dS wJ?h
wpfae‹rmS qm;yGiu hf av;u “tif;ig[mrD;zdak csmifxrJ mS tao;qH;k jzpf+y;D
bmrStoH;k r0ifyguvm;” vd‹k tm;i,fpmG awG;&if;rD;zdak csmifxu J aewdwf
wqdwaf v;xGuo f mG ;w,f?
a': }uD;vS[if;csufwht J csdefrmS qm;ud±k Smvd‹k rawG‹wJhtwGut f cuft

cJawG‹+y;D ayg?h 'gah =umifih ±kwo
f ;D / =uufoeG ef ‹J*si;f wd‹k uqm;uav;udv
k u
kd ±f mS
awmhwmayg?h
'Dvv kd u
kd ±f mS &if;qm;uav;udak csmifuav;wpfacsmifrmS yke;f aewmudak wG‹
vdu
k &f w,f? qm;uav;udv k q
J m;rygw[ hJ if;[mt&omr±Sw d hJ ta=umif;
ajymjy+y;D tm;i,faewJq h m;uav;udEk pS of rd h=f uw,f? aemufq;Hk awmh
qm;uav;[mt±G,if ,faomfvnf;ol‹ae&meJ‹ow l efz;kd ±St
d oH;k 0ifw,f
qdwk mem;vnfomG ;w,f?
48
ykwo
f ifñkd
a±S;tcgu trsKd ;orD;wpfa,muf[m ckEpS ef chJ Ek pS v f ud, k 0f efukd vG,&f +y;D

ykwo f if!akd v;wpfaumifukd arG;zGm;vmcJu h m rD;wGi;f rSmaoqH;k oGm;cJ±h mS
w,f? ykwo f if!akd v;udk tzGm;u }u;D jyif;vmonftxd au|;arG;ðypkapmifh
a±Smufcw hJ ,f? wpfae@rmS olaeae&if;u/ “awmif,m &moDa&mufvm+y/D
awmif,mckwzf @kd ae&mwpfae&moGm;±Smay;ygt;kH ” vd@k tzGm;udak jymw,f?
tzGm; “ajr;uajcr±Sv d ufr±S/d b,fvakd wmif,moGm;ckwpf m;rvJ[”hJ
ajr;/ “tzGm; u|eaf wmhu f kd awmif;xJrmS ±Guwf ifomG ;yg/ tzGm;udu k |eaf wmf
awmif,mulcw k rf ,f”wJ?h
'ge@J tzGm;u ol@ukd awmif,mxJawmif;eJ@±u G af c:oGm;w,f? +y;D awmhou l /
“naeapmif;us&if u|eaf wmhu f v
kd móuyd g” vd@k tzGm;udrk mS cJw h ,f? tzGm;
[mawmif,mxJrmS ajr;ykwo f if!u kd x
kd m;cJ+h y;D tdru
f jkd yefomG ;w,f?
tzGm;jyefomG ;wJth cg ol@u,
kd of al csmarmcef@nm;wJv
h v k ifysKd wpfO;D tjzpf
toGiaf jymif;vdu
k wf ,f? tJ'aD e@v,frmS olaX;orD;ckEpS af ,muf[m awm
49
xJrmS wpfa,mufwpfae&mpD toD;oD;yef;xGu±f mS vm&m nDrtaxG;qH;k

wpfa,muf[m vkvifysKd av;eJ@omG ;qHv k @kd nDraxG;[m tJ'rD mS yJwpfae
ukeaf eoGm;w,f? naeapmif;vmwJt h cg ykwo f if!u
kd av;u/ “cifAsm;
jyefEiS ahf wmh/ naeapmif;oGm;+y;D ? u|eaf wmfukd tzGm;uawmif;eJ@jyef±u G f
oGm;r,f” vd@k red ;f uav;udak jymw,f? ol[m rde;f uav;udak jym+y;D awmif;
xJ0ifomG ;wJt h cg ykwo
f if!u
kd av;jyefjzpfomG ;w,f? olaX;orD;vJ ol@trd f
udjk yefomG ;w,f?
naeapmif;awmh tzGm;u ol@ukt d rd fq±D Gujf yefvmcJwh ,f? tzGm;ol@ukd

awmif,mxJomG ;cswt hJ cgrmS oluavc|ev f u
kd af oma=umifh awmif,m
awG[m ol‹bmomol‹awmif,mckwo f mG ;=uw,f? olaX;orD;av;[m
tdru
f jkd yefomG ;ayr,fv
h nf; ykwo f if!akd v;udo k mt+ro J wd&wrf;wae
rdw,f?
wpfae@rmS ykwof if!akd v;u/ “tzGm;a&/ rde;f rwpfa,mufomG ;±Smay;yg

vm;” vd@k ajymw,f? tzGm;/ “ajr;a&/ olrsm;awGvrkd if;ajcvufrrS ±Sw d m
b,fou l ajr;udck sprf mS vJ”? olu/ “tzGm;&,f oGm;omoGm;yg/ rpd;k &dryf g
eJ@” tJ'ga=umifh tzGm;[m csw D ckH swrkH jzpfyrJ ed ;f roGm;±Sm,lay;w,f?
±Gmwpf±GmudktzGm;a&mufoGm;wJhtcg tzGm;urdef;rysdKav;rsm;udk/
“tzGm;&Jah jr;ykwo f if!u kd kd b,fo,l rl mS vJ” vd@k av#mufar;w,f? tJ'gukd
rde;f rysKd av;awGu tzGm;ud=k unf+h y;D / “ykwo f if!}kd u;D udk b,fvv kd yk cf sp&f
rSmvJ/ ykwo f if!ukd kd csp&f ifu|erf wd@k ukd rd;k óu;d ypfrmS ayg”h wJ?h tJ'v
D ykd J tzGm;
[mwpf±mG +y;D wpf±mG oGm;um rde;f rysKd uav;awGuakd r;+y;D ±GmckEpS ±f mG ajrmuf
a&mufomG ;wJt h cg olaX;}u;D tdru f akd &mufvmw,f? tzGm;u olaX;o
50
rD;ckEpS af ,mufukd ol@ajr;ykwo f if!ekd @J vufxyfcsio f vm;vd@kar;wJt h cg t

}u;D qH;k uxGuv f m+y;D / “ykwo f if!u kd ckd sp&f r,f[w k v f m;? ykwo f if!u kd ckd spf
&ifu|erf wd@k urdk ;kd óud;ypfrmS ayg”h wJ?h
aemufwpfa,mufxyfxu G v f mawmh/ “ykwo f if!u kd ckd sp&f if jcaoFu h |erf wd@k
uduk u kd pf m;oGm;rSmayg”h
aemufwpfa,mufxu G fvmjyefv/J “ykwo f if!ku d ckd sp&f if u|erf wd@k uakd ¹rG
ayguo f wfrmS ayg”h
aemufwpfa,mufu/ “ykwo f if!ekd @J ,&l if u|erf udrk ad usmif;pm;ypfrmS ayg”h
aemufwpfa,mufu/ “ykwo f if!u kd , kd &l if u|erf udv k yk af u|;Edik yf grh vm;”
aemufwpfa,mufu/ “ykwo f if!u kd ckd sp&f if u|erf wd@k uav;±Syd grh vm;”
vdk@t'J Dvykd t J pfr}u;D ckEpS fa,mufu tzGm;udak jym=uw,f? 'gayr,fh t
axG;qH;k wpfa,mufxu G v f mwJt h cg/ “tzGm;a& --tzGm;ajr;ykwo f if!u kd kd
u|erf ,lr,f” vd@k ajymwJt h cg tzGm;u nDrtaxG;qH;k udv k ufc+H y;D ajr;ykwf
oif!ekd ‹J xdr;f jrm;r*Fvmðyay;vdu k w f ,f?
ykwo f if!akd v;eJ@ olaX;orD;av;[m tdraf xmifðycJ=h uwm=um+yjD zpfv@kd /

wpfae@rmS olaX;orD;u rD;ar$;vd@k ykwo f if![
kd m yltu kd v f mwma=umift h
cGHtjyifok@d xGuv f mum ±kwfw&ufacsmarmcef@nm;wJha,mufsm;wpf
a,mufjzpfomG ;w,f? tJ'rD mS wif ol@ZeD;onfu ol@tcGu H , kd +l y;D rD;eJ@±y›_d pf
vduk vf @kd ol‹tcGx
H oJ jl yefr0ifomG ;Edik af wmhay? xdt
k csed rf pS +y;D ZeD;armifEEHS pS f
a,muf[m vlom;tjzpfe@J twlwal t;csr;f om,mpGm aexdik o f mG ;cJ=h u
awmhw,f?
51
a&uefxu
J zm;uav;
wpf&aH &mtcguawmtky}f uD;wpftkyfxJrSma&uef}u;D wpfuef±w Sd ,f?

a&uefxJ ua&awG[mt&rf;=unfvifat;jrwJt h wGuwf &d p>mefawGu
'Da&uefrmS yJa&qif;aomuf=uw,f? 'gha=umifh'Da&uef}u;D uwd&p>mef
awGtm;vH;k twGut f oH;k 0ifwmayg?h
aEG&moDtcsdefrSmvJa&awGb,fawmhrcS ef;ajcmufroGm;bl;? a&uefxJ

rSmig;/ vdyf/ zm;/ a¹rG/ c±keJ‹ ykZGeaf wGtrsLd ;rsdL;±Sw
d ,f?
wpfae‹rSmzm;}uD;wpfaumif[ma&uefxrJ mS OawGtrsm;}uD;Ocsw,f?
'gayrJw
h pfaumifwnf;yJtouf±iS u
f se&f pfcw
hJ ,f? 'gah =umifzh m;r}u;D uol‹
52
&Jw
h pfaumifwnf;aomom;uav;udt k &rf;cspw
f mayg?h ol‹&o hJ m;av;udk
aumif;rGepf mG =unf±h a_ pmifah ±Smuf+y;D tpm;tpmawGut kd +r±J mS au|;w,f?
zm;uav;wpfpwpfp}uD;vmwJch grSmawmhozl momol[k[ d k'd D'cD ek foGm;
vdk‹&+yaD yg?h
zm;r}uD;u ol‹om;udu k ek f;ay:udck ek frwufz‹dk eJ‹uek ;f ay:udck ek wf uf&if

wd&p>mef}u;D awGteif;cH&rSmudk a=umufwt hJ wGuf ol‹om;udek ;D eD;em;em;
rSmyJupm;cdik ;f w,f? wpfae‹rmS zm;uav;[m =um±Gu}f u;D wpf±u G af y:udk
ckew
f ufvu kd wf ,f? =um±Guaf y:uae zm;uav;u uef&u hJ rf;yg;ay:rSm
=unfv h u
kd af wmh jrufyifaygi;f yifawGe‹J obm0±_cif;awGu t&rf;yJvyS wJh
twGuf tJ'aD e&mrSmoGm;+y;D ckeaf yguaf jy;upm;csio f wJ?h 'gayrJh ol‹tar&Jh
ajympum;udk owd&wJt h wGuf olroGm;awmhb;l ?
tpm±Smpm;&mrSmjyefvmwJzh m;r}u;D [mol‹&o hJ m;udrk awG‹v‹kd “tH;k tGr/f tH;k

tGro
f m;a&jyefvmcJ/h ararjyefvm+y;D ” vd‹k atmfac:w,f? zm;uav;uvJ
“arara&/ om;=um±Gu}f u;D ay:rSmxdik af ewmyg” vd‹k ajym&if;qd&k if;ol‹t
ar±Sd&mudck kefoGm;w,f? aemuf+yD;ol‹tarvJom;udkawG‹&vdk‹0rf;om
tm;&eJ‹,v l mwJt h pm;tpmawGuckd sau|;w,f?
'Dvekd ‹J zm;uav;eJe}J u;D vm+y;D ol‹tartpm±SmxGuw f thJ cgrmS ol[m=um

±Guaf y:wufxikd +f y;D urf;pyfay:uobm0tvSawGuo kd mG ;xdki=f unfjh yef
w,f? 'DwpfcgrmS awmhoel eJ }J u;D vmwJt h wGuo f ‹l u,
kd uf , kd =kH unfra_ wGrsm;
vmwmayg?h 'gah =umifo h ‹l tar&Jph um;awGuo
kd wdr&awmhb;l ? ol[murf;
yg;ay:rSmckew f ufomG ;+yD;om,mvSywJjh rufyif/ aygi;f yifawG=um;rSmckef
ayguu f pm;awmhwmayg?h wpfcgwpfavaygi;f yifawGay:udck ek w f uf+y;D [d;k t
53
a0;ud=k unfv h ukd af wmhjrufyifprd ;f pdr;f av;awGe‹J opfyifyef;refawGa0qm

aewJu
h iG ;f jyif}u;D udak wG‹jyefawmht'J aD e&mrSmoGm;+y;D ckeaf yguu
f pm;csijf yef
w,f?
'gayrJhol‹tar&Jph um;udkowd&+y;D a&uefxu J kjd yefqif;vmw,f? zm;r

}u;D vJ tpm±Sm+y;D jyefvmwJt h csed rf mS ol‹om;udak wG‹&vd‹k pw d af t;&wmayg?h
naepmpm;wJt h cdserf mS ol‹tarudjk rufyifpdrf;pdr;f av;awGeJ‹opfyifyef;
refawGa0qmaewJu h iG ;f jyif}u;D ±S&d mudtk vnfomG ;zd‹k ciG ahf wmif;w,f? ol‹t
aru “roGm;ao;eJ‹/ om;i,fao;w,f? awmf=umwd&p>mef}u;D awGom;
udek if;rdvdrrhf ,f” vd‹k roGm;zd‹k [ef‹wm;w,f?
'Dvekd ‹J aemufwpfae‹rmS zm;r}u;D vJtpm±SmxGuzf ‹dk jyifqifaewJt h csed fo‹l

om;uol‹uv kd u
kd of mG ;zd‹k ciG ahf wmif;w,f? 'gayrJo h ‹l taruol‹ukd “roGm;
ao;eJ‹om;i,fygao;w,f? tdrrf mS yJaeyg? om;'Dx h uf}u;D vmrS ararac:
oGm;r,f” vd‹kEpS o f rd +hfy;D tpm±SmxGuo f mG ;w,f? zm;uav;uvJ'D ae‹jruf
cif;jyifrmS oGm;udo k mG ;upm;r,fv‹kdpw d xf rJ mS qH;k jzwfvu kd w
f ,f?
'ge‹J o‹l tarxGuo f mG ;awmhurf;yg;ay:udck ek w f ufomG ;w,f? olaysm±f i$ pf mG

eJ‹ckefaygufupm;aewmaygh? c%t=umrSmwd&p>mef}uD;awGa&qif;
aomufv‹kd 0ek ;f 0ke;f 'dik ;f 'dik ;f toHawG=um;&vd‹k a=umufveG ;f vdk‹t&rf;yJwek f
v_yaf ewmayg?h tJ't D csed rf mS ol‹a±Sr› mS ±SL;±SL; toHvm&m=unfv h u
kd af wmh
a¹rG}u;D wpfaumifuyg;jyif;axmif+yD;ol‹uakd ygurf vd‹k csed ±f , G af ewmudk
awG‹v‹dk vef‹vef‹zswzf swef ‹J a&uefxcJ keq f if; oGm;vd‹k a¹rGtE &W m,fuae
vGwaf jrmufomG ;+y;D ol‹tar±S&d mudak ysm±f i$ pf mG jyefomG ;awmhowJ?h
54
ararorD;udrk udik ef UJ
wpfae@rmS rdcifwpfa,muf[m a&eHqx D nfo h ;kH &wJh rD;cGuw f pfcu G af b;em;

rSm xdik af e+y;D t0wfcsKyaf ew,f? rdcife@J reD;ra0;rSm orD;av;u rdcifny‡ f
wJh ydwftpteawGukd aqmhupm;aew,f? rdcifu t0wfcsKyzf ‹kd twGuf
ypPn;f wpfcck , k zl @kd tdycf ef;xJ0ifomG ;wJt h csed rf mS orD;av;u tjyifrmS aqmh
u pm;ae+y;D t0wfpawGukd rD;cGuaf y:wifvu kd v f @kd rD;awmufavmifvm+y;D
uav;tay:rD;cGuaf rSmufusomG ;w,f? rdcifu orD;av;&Jih o kd =H um;vd@k u
ysmu,mtjyifuakd jy;xGuu f m orD;av;&Jt h uôsurkd ;D pavmifaewmawG@
vd@k rdcifu vufe@J yyk af y;vdu k vf @kd rD;+ird ;f oGm;w,f? orD;av;&Jt h om;udrk ;D
ravmifomG ;ayr,fh rdcif&v ›J ufEpS zf ufpvH;k uawmh rD;avmifomG ;vd@k tzk
tyde@f awGxu G vf m+y;D tem}u;D jzpfum a0'emt=um}u;D cHpm;cJ&h +y;D uko
aysmufuif;oGm;cJw h ,f? temaysmufomG ;+y;D tvkyv f yk Ef ikd af yr,fh vufay:
55
rSm trm±Gw}f u;D u t±kyq f ;kd tusn;f wefpmG usef&pfcw

hJ ,f? rdcif&Jh
vufrmS trm±Gw}f u;D useaf ecJah yr,fv
h nf; orD;av;vGwaf jrmuf+y;D rD;xJ
ygroGm;wJt
h wGuf rdcifcrsm0rf;om=unfE;l aerdw,f?
orD;av;t±G,af &mufvm+y;D tysKd jzpfvmwJt h cg rdcif&v

hJ ufEpS zf ufut
kd
&rf;±G±H mS vd@k rdcifcsuw f t
hJ pm;tpmawGukd vH;k 0rpm;bl;? rdcife@J pum;rajym
csiaf vmufatmif pufq@kH ±±HG mS w,f? wpfae@rmS rde;f uav;udk aq;±Hw k if&
wJth xd ol@&u hJ ,
kd [
f m cspcf spaf wmufyal ew,f? olowdr&bl;/ wpfcgwpfcg
owd&vmw,f/ +y;D awmhowdjyefarhomG ;w,f?
vlemvnfwt hJ csed rf mS rdcif}u;D u orD;qDuo kd mG ;vnfw,f? orD;av;u

ol@u±kd w
HG modwt hJ wGuf rdcifjzpfo[ l m orD;udt k a0;uae t&ifvrS ;f =unfh
w,f? tJ'rD mS tjcm;vlawGu orD;av;owdarhaevd@k eD;eD;vm=unfv h @kdac:
ojzifh orD;±S&d mod@k csO;f uyfomG ;+yD; orD;ud*k ±k%mjynfw h rhJ suv
f ;kH awGe@J
=unfah ew,f?
orD;owdarhaew,ftxife@J rdcif[m orD;&Ju h , kd tf ylcsed b f ,favmuf±adS e

ovJqw kd modcsiv
f @kd orD;&Jeh zl;udu
k ikd +f y;D prf;=unfah ew,f? rdcif&v hJ ufEpS f
zufezl;ay:usvmwmeJ@ wpfòyid ef uf orD;&Jrh suv f ;kH rsm;yGiv hf mw,f? tJ'rD mS
ol@uikd @kH =unfah ewJhrcd ifu vufwpfzufjzifo h lezl;udu k ikd w f m awG@v@kd rcd if
vufuZkd wfueJuzJG ,fypfum/ “ararorD;udv k mrudik ef @J -- ararhvuf
awGuo kd rD;±Gw H ,f” wJ?h
taru/ “bmjzpfv@kd ararhvufukd ±G&H wmvJorD;&,f”
orD;/ “tarhvufu tEla&m*gjzpfaevd@k ayg”h
tar/ “orD;udak rarajymjyr,f”
56
orD;/ “ararrajymeJ@/ ararh&JhvufESpfzufudkorD;wpfu,f±GHw,f/

arar&Jt
h Ela&m*g}u;D u awmf=umorD;udk ul;oGm;vdrrhf ,f” wJ?h
'gayr,fhrcd ifu tckwpfcg orD;b,frrS xoGm;Edik w f mrd@k ol@vufEpS zf uf

b,fvjkd zpfco hJ vJqw
kd thJ a=umif;eJ@ orD;&Jt
h oufukd u,fcw hJ t hJ a=umif;
awGujkd yef±iS ;f jyw,f? aemufq;kH rSm/ “orD;wu,f±+HG y;D t±kyq f ;kd tusn;f
wefw'hJ vD ufEpS zf uf[m a&m*ga0'emrcHpm;cJ&h &if tck vdo k rD;vlvm;r
ajrmufb;l / orD;vlvm;ajrmufvmw,fajymtH;k / orD;av;vJ 'DvufEpS zf uf
vdyk t
J ±kyqf ;kd tusn;f wefaerSm” vd@k orD;udo k eG o
f ifq;kH rvdu k w f ,f?
orD;av;[m 'Dt±kyq f ;kd tusn;f wefwhJ vufEpS zf uf&t hJ a=umif;udo k &d +y;D
wJah emufyikd ;f rSm ol@tay:rSmxm;±Scd w hJ hJ tarh&ahJ pwemawGukd odjrif&vd@k
ckeolweG ;f z,fypfvu kd wf v hJ ufEpS zf ufu, kd +l y;D zGzaG v;erf;um/ “'DvufEpS f
zuf[morD;toufukd aorif;vufxJu u,fchw J myJ? tdk -- 'Dvuf
av;ESpfzufukd orD;odycf spw f myJ” vdk@ajym+yD; wodrho f rd efh rf;±_yaf eawmh
w,f?
57
MuufzBu;D eJyY ;kd aumifuav;
wpfcgwek ;f u=uufz}uD;eJ‹y;kd aumifuav;wd‹k [moli,fcsi;f awGjzpf=u

w,f? wpfae‹awmhow l ‹kdwpfawG[mtwlwt l pm±SmxGu=f uw,f? 'gayrJh
tcsed =f umvmayrJv h b
J mrS±mS vd‹k rawG‹b;l ? =umawmhow l ‹kdvaJ rmyef;vm
=uw,f? =uufz}u;D uyd;k aumifuav;udpk m;csiv f ‹kdt}ux H wk w
f mayg?h 'gh
a=umifyh ;kd aumifuav;udk “rif;ta±Sr› mS oGm;” ol‹&t hJ a±Sr› mS oGm;cdik ;f w,f?
yk;d aumifuav;uvJt&rf;a=umufwt hJ wGu=f uufz}u;D udk “rif;yJomG ;”

vd‹k jyefajymw,f? 'Dvked ‹J “rif;a±S›rmS oGm;/ igtaemufrmS oGm;r,f” vd‹k t
csi;f csi;f jiif;cH=k uw,f? aemufq;kH rSmawmhy;kd uav;utav#mah y;+y;D a±Sr› mS
tvsio f mG ;ESiw hf ,f? tJ't D csed rf mS =uufz}u;D vJt&rf;qmavmifaewm
ayg?h 'ge‹J yoJ ‹l &t hJ a±Sr› mS oGm;aewJyh ;kd aumifuav;udpk m;vdu k af wmhw,f?
58
vlwpfa,mufeUJ ud,
k yf ikd af &G;cs,cf iG hf
wpfcgwek ;f u vkvifysKd av;wpfa,muf±w dS ,f? wpfcgu ol[ma&m*g&cJ+h y;D

wpfae@wpfjcm;wpfjznf;jznf;ydeo f mG ;w,f? aemufawmh ol[mta&cGeH @J t
±dk;yJusefawmhw,f? vkvifydsKav;emrnfuawmh apmt,fv,fwJh?
wpfae@awmh olcpH m;ae&wJah &m*gta=umif;awGukd pOf;pm;+y;D pdwyf ifyef;ae
w,f? tJ 'DrmS omvdumwpfaumif[m opfuikd ;f wpfuikd ;f ay:rSm vmem;
+y;D opfyif atmufrmS xdik +f y;D pOf;pm;aewJh vkvifysKd av;wpfa,mufuakd wG@&
wJt h cg omvdumav;u/ “rdwaf qG--toifbmawGxikd pf Of;pm;aewm
vJ? toifrh mS wpfcck t k cuftcJ±adS evm;?”
'ge@J a,mufsm;av;u/ “rdwaf qGu|Eykf u f akd r;ayr,fh ulnED ikd rf mS r[kwv
f @kd
toifuu kd |Eykf &f t
hJ cuftcJrajymjyawmhb;l ”
omvdumav;u/ “a=omf u|Eykf rf mS oli,fcsi;f trsm;}u;D ±Sw d ,f? toif
59
udrk ulnED kid af yr,fh u|Ekyf rf w

d af qGu toifu
h u
kd lnED ikd frmS yg” wJ?h
vkvifysKd av;[m omvdumajymwJph um;udk =um;&wJt h cg tm;jyefwuf

vm+y;D olcpH m;ae&wJah 0'emudk omvdumav;tm;ajymjyw,f? vkvifysKd
&Jt
h cuftcJukd =um;od&wJt h cg ,keqf rD mS t}uo H mG ;awmif;zd@k vkvifysKd tm;
t}uaH y;w,f? tJ', D ek [
f m ta±Sz› uft&yfrmS aevd@k vkvifysKd aewJah e&meJ@
tvSr;f a0;w,f? vkvifysKd av;u pOf;pm;w,f/ “tif;/ ig'rD mS ae&if 'Da&m*g
eJ@yiJ gaorSm/ oGm;&ifightwGuf wpfcck t k usKd ;jzpfEikd rf mS yg” wJ?h
'ge@J vv k ifysKd av;[m c&D;pxGuv f mcJw

h ,f? c&D;twefa0;vmwJt h cg ol@
pdwef nf;enf;aygyh g;vmw,f? tJ'rD mS naeapmif;oGm;vd@k tdyzf @kd ae&m±Sm
wJt h cgrmS anmifyif}u;D wpfyifuakd wG@&w,f? rd;k csKyfomG ;wJt h cg “'DrmS vm
tdyw f m b,foel @J tcGiahf wmif;vJ--b,fomG ;rvd@k v”J qdw k t hJ oHwpfcu k kd
ol=um;&w,f? 'ge@J vv k ifysKd uav;u tusKd ;ta=umif;udk ajymjy+y;D wJt h cg/
“aus;Zl;ðy+y;D u|Eykf t f wGucf ifAsm;ar;ay;vd@k &rvm;--u|Eykf [ f mae&mt
ES@H uo kd mG ;csiaf yr,fh 'Danmifyifukd bmjzpfv@kdco JG mG ;vd@k r&wmvJrodb;l ”
qdw k t hJ oHux kd yf=um;jyefw,f? xdt k cg vkvifysKd u/ “u|Eyfk af &muf oGm;&if
toiftwGuaf r;ay;r,f” vdk@jyefajzqdw k ,f? aemufrk;d vif;vm awmh
vkvifysKd c&D;qufvmcJw h ,f?
vkvifysKd [m r=umrDjrpfurf;em;wpfcq k aD &mufomG ;w,f? a&rul;wwfv@kd

urf;em;rSmxdik cf swt
hJ cg rdausmif;wpfaumifu ol@qu D kv
d mw,f? rd
ausmif;u/ “b,fomG ;rvJ” vd@k ar;awmh/ vkvifysKd u/ “ynm±S, d ek q
f t
D
usKd ;ta=umif;oGm;ar;rvd@kyg” vd@k jyefajzw,f? xdt k cg rdausmif;u/ “u|Eykf f
tjcm;acsmif;wpfacsmif;rSmoGm;vnfcsiw f ,f? 'gayr,fh 'Dae&mubm
60
a=umifxh uG o
f mG ;vd@k r&vJrodb;l ” vd@k vv
k ifysKd uav;udk ar;cdik ;f vku
d w
f ,f?
+y;D awmh vkvifysKd uav;vJ c&D;qufxu G v
f mcJw h ,f?
tjcm;ae&mwpfae&mqDa&mufomG ;wJt h cg vkvifysKd u vrf;rSmbk&ifo h rD;

awmfav;aemfa*qJuakd wG@&vd@k / “tcku|Eykf af ewJah e&mu ,keaf ewJah e&meJ@
eD;vm+y;D vm;” vd@k ar;&maemfa*qJu/ “rodb;l ” vd@k ajzw,f? wpfatmuf
=umwJt h cg bk&ifu
h ,kd &f aH wmfrsm;a&mufvm+y;D ol@uzk d rf;csKyfum bk&ifqD
od@k ac:oGm;w,f?
bk&ifu/ “'DrmS vrf;oGm;vrf;vmrvky&f bl;vd@k trde@f xw k x f m;wm toif

rodb;l vm;” vd@k vv k ifysKd uakd r;w,f? vkvifysKd u/ “u|Eykf rf sKd ;rod&ygt±Sif
bk&m;/ u|Eykf [
f m a&m*gcpH m;ae&wJah 0'emonf wpfa,mufjzpfv@kd a&m*g
aysmufomG ;atmif ,keq f D tultnDawmif;zd@k omG ;wmyg”vd@k jyefajzqdk
w,f? bk&ifxyf+y;D awmh/ “ vkvifom tjcm;vljzpf&if aorde@f ay;vdu k +f y?D
'gayr,fh vkvifuw dk pfckckar;csiv f k@d vkvifukrd owfawmhbl;” vdk@ajym
w,f? bk&if[m ar;csiw f t hJ &mudk ar;ay;zd@k vvk ifurkd mS =um;+y;D v$waf y;
vduk w
f ,f? aemufq;kH vkvif[m ynm±Sd ,keu f av;qDa&mufomG ;w,f?
tJ'ge@J olar;csiw f t
hJ a=umif;awGuakd r;+y;D tjcm;vlawG rSmar;vdu k w
f ahJ r;
cGe;f awGukd ar;ay;+yD;jyefvmcJw
h ,f? bk&ifqDa&mufomG ;awmh vkvifu/
“t±Sib f &k m;--,keu f ajymw,f/ t±Sib f &k m;orD;pum; t&ifpajymwJ@vl
wpfa,mufe@J vufxyfay;&if bk&ifo h rD;[m pdwaf wGaygyh g;vef;qef;vm
+y;D pum;ajymvmrSm” vd@k ajymvdu k w
f ,f? bk&ifo h rD;av;[m arG;uwnf;
u pum;wpfceG ;f rSrajymbl;? 'gayr,fh apmt,fv,fe@J awG@&wJt h cgpum;
pajymvd@k bk&if[m rif;orD;av;udak pmt,fv,fe@J vufxyfxrd ;f jrm;ay;
vdu k w
f ,f?
61
vkvifysKd av;[m c&D;qufomG ;+y;D rdausmif;}u;D eJ@anmifyif±w dS ahJ e&mudk

a&mufwt hJ cg/ “toifw@kdtjcm;wpfae&mudk oGm;csi&f if toifw@kdyikd q f ikd f
wJyh pPn;f awGukd wpfa,mufa,mufqrD mS tyfEcHS rhJ S toifw@kd tjcm;wpf
ae&mudo k Gm;Edik rf mS ” vd@k olw@kd ar;xm;wJh ar;cGe;f awG&thJ ajzudk ay;vdu k f
w,f? rdausmif;eJ@anmifyif[m olw@dkyikd q f ikd wf t
hJ &mtm;vH;k udk vkvifysKd
tm;ay;cJw h ,f? anmifyif}u;D [m q,fEh pS &f moDtoD;oD;+y;D rdausmif;}u;D
aecJah omacsmif;xJrmS vnf; ig;trsm;}u;D ±Sv d @kd apmt,fv,fw@kdZeD;armifEHS
[m tyltyifr±Sad ysm±f i$ pf mG eJ@aexdik o f mG ;=uw,f?
aemf*&d(pf)
62
vSyaom½Gmuav;
wpfcgwek ;f u±Sm;cD;vm;qdwk ahJ wmifwef;awG0ef;&Hxm;wJv

h yS wJ±h mG uav;
wpf±mG ±Sw
d ,f? tJ'±D mG uav;[mody+f y;D om,mvSyw,fv‹kdemrnfausmf
=um;w,f? 'gayrJ±h mG uav;uawmifwef;awG0ef;&HaewJt h wGuv f rf;yef;
tquftoG,t f &rf;cufcw J mayguh ,
G ?f
'D±Gmuav;&Jhausmf=um;wJhowif;udkyef;csDq&mESpfa,mufu=um;
rd=uw,f? olwk‹d [mcifrif&if;ES;D =uwJo h il ,fcsi;f awGjzpf=uw,f? olw‹dk
ESpaf ,muf[m'D±mG }u;D &Jo h wif;ud=k um;awmhyef;csq D zJG ‹kdomG ;cJw
h ,f? reuf
tapm}u;D rSmolw‹kd c&D;pxGuv f u kd w
f mae‹vnfa&mufvmayrJt h 'J ±D mG udk
ra&mufao;bl;? awmifawGuv kd nf; wufvu kd q
f if;vdu k ef ‹J oyd af rmwm
a=umifoh il ,fcsi;f wpfa,mufuodyjf yefcsiw f ,f? naeapmif;tcsed af &muf
awmhawmxJrmS wpfntdyv f u kd &f w,f? reufr;kd vif;rSmc&D;quf=uawmh
naeapmif;tcsed rf mS ±Gmudv k rS ;f jrif&w,f? olw‹kdtxife‹J tjrif[mwpfjcm;
pDjzpfomG ;vd‹k oyd pf w
d "f gwuf somG ;w,f? ±GmxJutdru f a[mif;+y;D òycd ge;D jzpf
63
ae+yD;bmrSx;l jcm;+yD;pdwu f q kd JaG qmifEikd w

f mvJr±Sb d ;l ? oli,fcsi;f wpf
a,mufu “tif;vm&wJch &D;uvJa0;ua0;/ ±GmuvJ=um;wJt h wdik ;f r
[kwfyJpw d f"gwu f sp&modyaf umif;yguvm;?” tjcm;wpfa,mufu
“tif;vm+yD;umrSwpfnavmufawmhtdyv f u
kd =f upd‹k umG ? reufrk;d vif;
rSvjJ yef=uwmayg”h vd‹k oil ,fcsif;udak jym+yD;ESpfa,mufom;wpfntdyzf ‹kd
qH;k jzwfvu kd =f uw,f?
olw‹kd±mG xJu0kd ifawmh±mG om;wpfa,mufurkd rS awG‹&bl;? c%=umawmh

tzdk;}u;D wpfa,mufuadk wG‹vu dk +f y;D aemufrmS 'Dtzd;k }u;D [m±Gmol}u;D jzpf
a=umif;od&w,f? olw‹k u d vm&if;ta=umif;udak jym=uw,f? ±Gmol}u;D u'D
vlEpS af ,muf[m&yfa0; uc&D;onfawGjzpfv‹dk armyef;aerSmudo k w
d ,f?
'gah =umifho‹l &±hJ mG om;awGuakd c:+y;D {nfo h nfawGtwGuftpm;taomuf
awGjyifqifcikd ;f w,f? ±Gmom;awG[molw‹kdtrd f jyefomG ;+y;D [if;oD;[if;±Gu/f
opfo;D 0vHawG,lvm+yD;{nfhonfESpfa,mufukad umif;rGefpmG au|;arG;
{nfch =H uw,f? {nho f nfEpS af ,mufuvJwtHw h =oeJ‹,v l mwJth pm;t
pmawGu+kd red af &,Suaf &pm;aomufw,f? {nfo h nfEpS af ,mufxrif;pm;
+yD;wJhtcsdefrSmrdk;vJcsKyfae+y;D ? 'gha=umif±h mG ol}u;D u±Gmom;awGudk “ajr;
wd‹k a&/ {nfo h nfawGtwGut f yd &f mxdik cf if;jyifay;yg” na&mufawmhow l ‹kd
twGuaf umuf±k;d tdyf&mjyifay;w,f? {nfo h nfEpS af ,muf[maumuf
±dk;ay:rSmrtdyfcsifyJtyd v f ku
d f&w,f? na&mufwht J csdefrSmavat;awG
wdu k +f y;D odyaf t;awmhraS umuf±;kd yH[ k modyaf EG;wmudo k o d mG ;w,f? 'Dtcg
rS{nfo h nfEpS af ,muf[m±Gmom;awG&ahJ pwemeJ‹'±D mG av;&Jt h vSppftvS
rSeu f o kd o
d mG ;ygawmhw,f?
64
qif;&Jayr,fah emufcsr;f omvmonfo

h l
wpfcgu ZeD;armifEEHS pS fa,muf±w Sd ,f? olwk@d [m tvGeq f if;&JErG ;f yg;+y;D

reufvyk n f pm;&wJo h al wGyg? wpfcgZeD;jzpfou l cifyeG ;f onftwGuf tdwf
wpfv;kH &ufay;w,f? tJ't D w
d &f uf+y;D cge;D av;wpfnrSm ºuu G af wGu ol@&hJ
&ufuef;pifukd vmudu k pf m;oGm;vd@k tdwu f +kd y;D atmifrquf&ufEikd af wmh
ay? aemufwpfae@nrSm cifyeG ;f onfu/ “tar}u;D a&/ 'Dnaeigw@dk tJ'D
ºuu G af wGuakd pmifhzrf;r,f? &&ifawmhow l @kd udo k wfypf+yD; aps;xJrmS oGm;
a&mif;pm;&ifaiG&r,f? aiG&&if igw@kd tpm;tpm 0,f=u&atmif” vd@k ajym
ojzifZh eD;onfvJ cifyeG ;f onf&phJ um;udk oabmwlvufcw H ,f? na&muf
awmh cifyeG ;f jzpfou l ajymovdv k yk w
f ,f? wpfnvH;k ±Smwm olºuu G o f ;kH
aumif&vmw,f? aemufwpf reufr;kd vif;aomtcg ZeD;jzpfou l zrf;vd@k &
wJºh uuG af wGukd bk&ifòh rŒd awmfrmS oGm;a&mif;pm;+y;D “igah ,mufsm;u'DnrSm"g;
jyoH;k aumifowfEikd w f ,f” vd@kajymw,f? tJ'o D wif;udk bk&ifw h ynfah wmf
u=um;oGm;vd@k bk&ifujkd yefav#mufwifw,f?
tJ'òD rŒd awmfxrJ mS jzpfcsiaf wmh usm;}u;D wpfaumifu aomif;use;f aew,f?
uav;awGukd wpfnwpfa,mufvu kd zf rf;pm;aew,f? bk&if[mtJ 'Dt
65
rsKd ;orD;}u;D ajymcJw

h t
hJ a=umif;udk =um;&wJt
h cg vlvw $ af c:cdik ;f vduk w
f ,f?
cifyeG ;f jzpfoul bmta=umif;a=umifh bk&ifo@l uqkd ifah c:ovJqw kd m rod&
bl;? tJ'ga=umifh ol[mpdwrf aumif;pGmeJ@ bk&ifuv kd mcpm;w,f?
bk&ifa±Sa› rSmufrmS cifyeG ;f jzpfoul / “t±Sib f &k m;/ tu|Eykf u

f kd bmtwGuf
qifah c:&ovJ”vd@k ar;w,f? bk&if}u;D u/“wpfnrSm toif"g;jyoH;k a,muf
owfEikd wf ,fqw kd m[kwv f m;” vd@k ar;wJt
h wGuf cifyeG ;f onfu c%pOf;
pm;+y;D bk&ifuakd =umufa=umufe@J acgi;f ndwjf yrdw,f?
xdt
k cgb&k ifu/ “tcktoifukd usm;wpfaumifowfcikd ;f r,f? tJ'u D sm;[m
uav;awGukd wpfnwpfa,mufvmpm;w,f? tJ'ga=umifh toiftJ'D
usm;udo k wfypfay;&r,f? tJ'u D sm;udk owfypfEikd &f if toifu h kd qkvmbf
aiGrsm;pGmcs;D jri‡ rhf ,f? rowfypfEikd &f ifawmh toifu
h kd uGyrf suyf pf&vdrrhf ,f”
wJh?
bk&ift h rde@f ukd =um;&wJt h cg oltvGeaf =umuf±ŒHG oGm;+y;D pdwrf aumif;pGm

jzif/h “u|Eykf fZeD;qDt&ifjyefr,f” vd@k ajym+y;D ZeD;jzpfox l H jyefvmcJw h ,f?
tJ't D csed rf mS ZeD;jzpfoul xrif;wnfxm;wma=umifh olua,mufrudik +f y;D
ZeD;onfukd wpfcsu±f u kd cf svukd w f ,f? ZeD;onfuvef@omG ;+y;D / “bk&ifqD
oGm;+y;D bmjzpfv@dk igu h kd jyefvm±du k &f wmvJ” vd@k ar;w,f? tJ'geJ@cifyeG ;f
onfu/ “igºuu G o f wfwmudk ºuu G of wfw,fv@kad jymayg/h ºuu
G of wfwmudk
eifu "g;jyowfw,fajymvd@k tckb&k if}u;D u igu h u
kd sm;owfcidk f;+yD? tJ'D
usm;udkrowfEidk &f if igw@dk ub dk &k ifuowfypfrSm” tJ'rD mS ZeD;onf[m
a=umufpw d f 0ifvm+y;D bmqufvkyf&rSmudk cifyGef;eJ@wkid fyif=uw,f?
cifyeG ;f jzpfou l / “jrefjrefvyk /f xrif;pm;+y;D &if bk&if}u;D udk igw@kdyek ;f ae=u&
66
atmif/ reufjzefnrSm bk&ifjh rif;wpfaumifukd oGm;cd;k r,f? +y;D awmh bk&ifh

jrif;udpk ;D +y;D a0;&mudx k u
G af jy;wdr;f a±Smif=u&atmif” wJ?h olw@kdajymwJt h
wdik ;f xrif;jrefjrefpm;=u+y;D naeapmif;csed rf mS bk&ifjh rif;udo k mG ;cd;k ,lr,fv@kd
qH;k jzwfwt hJ wdik ;f jrif;00òz;d òz;d }u;D wpfaumifukd cd;k ,lvm=uw,f? jrif;ud±k mS
,l=uwJt h cgrmS usm;udo k mG ;prf;rdv@kd usm;}u;D [m0òz;d +y;D ta&cG[ H m acsm
arG@aevd@k jrif;txife@J óu;d eJ@csn+f y;D tdru f jkdyefqaJG c:vmcJ=h uw,f? olw@kdjrif;
txife@J qv JG mwJu h sm;udk opfyifwpfyifatmufrmS óu;d wpfacsmif;eJ@cikd cf phH mG
csnx f m;+y;D ZeD;armifEEHS pS af ,muftyd &f mxJ0ifomG ;=uawmhw,f?
reufr;kd vif;vmwJt h cg/ ZeD;armifEEHS pS af ,muf[m apmapmx+y;D csnx f m;

wJhjrif;udk=unfv h u dk af wmh jrif;r[kwyf J usm;jzpfrSe;f od&wJhtcg tvGef
a=umufomG ;+y;D tJ'aD e&mrSmrae&JawmhyJ tdraf y:rSm uwkeu f ,ifjzpfae
um vufawGajcawGvJ at;pufuek +f y;D cs;D yef;cs=uw,f? rd;k aumif;aumif;
vif;vmwJt h cgrmS bk&if}u;D u cifyeG ;f onfjzpfou l kd vlvw $ ±f mS azGcikd ;f vdu k f
w,f? bk&ifw h ynfah wGu tJ'ZD eD;armifEEHS pS af ,muf&t hJ rd u
f kd a&mufvm
=uwJt h cg cifyeG ;f jzpfou l bk&ifwh ynfah wmfawGukd vSr;f jrifwt hJ cg/ “wlav;
wd@k a&/ usm;udo k pfyifatmufrmS zrf;csKyfxm;w,f? OD;usm;udo k wfypfz@kd
vufeufr±Sv d @kd wlav;wd@k yo J wfvu kd =f uyg” vd@k atmfajymw,f? bk&ifw h
ynfhawmfawG[m usm;udkowfum bk&ifqDjyefomG ;+yD; ta=umif;pHkjyef
av#mufwifw,f?
bk&if[m cifyeG ;f jzpfou l kd wpfzefxyfqifah c: jyefw,f? bk&ifah ±Sa› rmufukd
a&mufwmawmif usm;}u;D udk a=umufaewJyh pkH aH yguaf eao;w,f? bk&ifukd
=unfwh m usm;eJ@wv l @kd rsupf ad wmifrzGi&hf b
J ;l ? aemufq;kH bk&if[m tzd;k }u;D
udk aus;Zl;wifpum;qdk+yD; &wema±$aiGe@J qv k mbfrsm;pGmudk cs;D jr‡ivfh kud f
w,f? 'gjh yif t0wftpm;awG/ tpm;taomufawGuv kd nf; zlzvl vkH akH y;
67
vdu
k w
f ,f? bk&ifo@l uq kd v
k mbfrsm;ay;wJt
h cgro
S mv#if olrsupf zd iG =hf unfh
w,f? bk&ifu tzd;k }u;D ol@uakd v;pm;w,fvŒkd xifaew,f? trSerf mS olu
bk&ifukd usm;}u;D vd@k xifaew,f?
ZeD;armifEEHS Spaf ,muf[m [dwk ke;f uqif;&JErG ;f yg;cJah yr,fh aemufq;kH rSm
t0wftpm;aumif;aumif;0wfqif&+y;D csr;f omºu, G 0f pGmeJ@ at;csr;f om
,mpGmaexdik o f mG ;=uawmhowJu
h , G ?f
aemfcal p;
68
avmb*wd
wpfcgwek ;f u±Gmwpf±mG rSmZeD;armifEHES Spfa,muf±dw

S ,f? olwk‹d rmS r}uD;/
rvwfeJ‹raxG;qdkwJhacsmarmvSywJhorD;ysdKoHk;a,muf±Sdw,f? 'DorD;
oH;k a,mufxrJ mS orD;taxG;qH;k [m vdrmR yg;eyfrt
_ ±Sqd ;kH yJ?
wpfae‹rmS 'DZeD;armifEEHS pS af ,muf[mawmxJomG ;+y;D [if;oD;[if;±Guaf wG

oGm;±Smpm;w,f? awmxJrmS xl;qef;wJt h yifwpfyifawG‹w,f? toD;
awG[m[dktjrifhrSm±Sd+yD;teH‹uvJarG;óudiv f dk‹olwk‹d oyd fpm;csif=uw,f?
69
tzdk;tdkZeD;armifEEHS pS af ,muf[mtoD;awGupkd m;csif+yD;ol‹&hJorD;oH;k

a,mufuv kd aJ u|;csiw
f ,f?
'gayrJo h pfyif}u;D [mt&rf;jrif+h y;D acsmwJt

h wGuw
f ufv‹kdr&bl;? opfyifukd
vJvy_ +f y;D cgcsayrJoh pfo;D wpfv;kH rSaºurG usvmbl;? 'ge‹J opfyifuakd rmh=unfh
vdkuw f JhtcgrSmopfo;D awGaºuGruszk‹d opfyifay:rSm&pfywf+yD;xdef;xm;
wJah ¹r}G u;D wpfaumifuakd wG‹&w,f?
tzd;k tdZk eD;armifEu HS a¹r}G u;D udk “a¹rG}u;D a&/ wd‹k uokd pfo;D wpfv;kH / ESpvf ;kH
avmufypfcsay;ygvm;” tJ'DtcsdefrSma¹rG}u;D uol‹uo dk pfo;D ESpfv;Hk ypf
csay;w,f? opfo;D udo k lw‹kd pm;=unfhwt hJ cgt&rf;t&omaumif;wJt h
wGuo f w
l ‹kd &o
hJ rD;oH;k a,mufuv kd pJ m;apcsiwf ,f? 'gah =umifah ¹r}G u;D udo
k pf
oD;awGxyf+yD;cgcsay;zdk‹ajymw,f? a¹rG}uD;uvJolwdk‹udkwpfzefxyf+yD;
cgcsay;w,f? 'Dawmhtzd;k tdZk eD;armifEEHS pS af ,mufuopfo;D awGawG‹+y;D 0rf;
omtm;&eJ‹aumufpm;=uw,f? 'DawmhZeD;armifEaHS vmbwuf+y;D awmh
pm;zd‹k awmifru yJa&mif;pm;&ifaiGrsm;rsm;&rSmqdw k mudo k ad ew,f?
'ga=umifo h w
l ‹kd [mykvdik f;}uD;wpfv;Hk udo
k mG ;,l+y;D a¹rG}u;D udk “a¹rG}u;D a&/
wdk‹udkopfoD;awGtukefvHk;xyf+yD;ypfcsay;&ifwdk‹&JhorD;wpfa,muf
a¹r}G u;D udak y;r,f” vd‹k ajymw,f? 'Dawmha¹r}G u;D [mZeD;armifEEHS pS af ,muf
udok pfoD;awGtukefv;Hk ypfcsay;w,f? ZeD;armifEHES Spaf ,mufuvJopf
oD;awGaumuf+y;D ykvikd ;f awGxx J nfu
h mjyefvm=uw,f?
tdru f akd &mufcge;D rSmvrf;ay:rSmtpm±Smpm;aewJih u

S u
f av;/ jrufpm;ae
wJjh rif;eJ‹trd af pmifah cG;udkawG‹awmhopfoD;wpfa,mufwpfvHk;pDay;+yD;
70
“rif;wd‹k uakd ¹r}G u;D uwd‹kta=umif;udv

k mar;&ifrif;wd‹k bmrSrodb;l ? rif;wd‹k
&JhrsufpdawGuG,faew,fvdk‹ajym&r,f” vdk‹ajymcdkif;+yD;tdrfudkpdwfcs
vufcsjyefomG ;w,f?
naeapmif;tcsdefa&mufawmha¹rG}uD;uopfyifay:uqif;+yD;tzdk;}uD;
ZeD;armifESHESpaf ,muf&JhtdrfudkoGm;w,f? vrf;rSmopfoD;rSnfhwpfvHk;
udx k ;kd qdwpf m;aomufaewJih u S u f av;wpfaumifuakd wG‹awmh “iSuu f
av;a&/ tbdk;tdkZeD;armifEESH pS af ,mufuadk wG‹rdovm;” vd‹k ar;w,f?
iSuu f av;uvJtzd;k tdZk eD;armifEaHS jymcdik f;wJt h wdik ;f “u|erf bmrSrod
bl;? u|erf wd‹k &rhJ supf ad wGu, G af ew,f” vd‹k ajymw,f? tJ't D csed rf mS a¹r}G u;D
updwq f ;kd +y;D awmh “rif;pm;aewJt h oD;[mig&h ohJ pfo;D yJ? rif;iguh rkd ajymjy
&ifrif;udak yguo f wfvrd rhf ,f” vd‹k ajymawmhiu S uf av;ua¹r}G u;D udak =umuf
vd‹k tzd;k }u;D vifr,m;jyefwv hJ rf;twdik ;f jyay;vdu k w
f ,f?
a¹r}G u;D uiSuu f av;jywJv h rf;twdik ;f qufomG ;+y;D vrf;rSmopfo;D wpfv;kH

udak bmvH;k vdu k efupm;aewJjh rif;uav;wpfaumifuakd wG‹w,f? 'ga=umifh
“jrif;uav;a&/ tbd;k tdZk eD;armifEEHS pS fa,mufuakd wG‹ro d vm;” vd‹k ar;
w,f? jrif;uav;uvJtzd;k tdZk eD;armifEaHS jymcdik ;f wJt h wdik ;f “u|eaf wmf
bmrSrodb;l ? u|eaf wmf&h rhJ supf ad wGu, G af ew,f” vd‹k ajymw,f? tJ't D
csed rf mS a¹r}G u;D updwqf ;kd +y;D awmh “rif;uefupm;aewJt h oD;[mig&h ohJ pfo;D yJ?
rif;igu h rkd ajymjy&ifrif;udak yguo f wfvrd rhf ,f” vd‹k ajymawmhjrif;uav;u
a¹r}G u;D udak =umufv‹kdt zd;k }u;D vifr,m;jyefwhJ vrf;twdik ;f jyay;vdu k w
f ,f?
a¹rG}u;D ujrif;uav;jywJv h rf;twdki;f qufomG ;+y;D tdrfajc&if;rSmopfo;D

wpfv;kH udek rf;±_u
›H pm;aewJah cG;uav;wpfaumifuakd wG‹w,f? 'ga=umifh
71
“acG;uav;a&/ tbd;k tdkZeD;armifEEHS pS af ,mufuakd wG‹ro d vm;” vd‹k ar;

w,f? acG;uav;uvJtzd;k tdZk eD;armifEaHS jymcdik ;f wJt h wdik ;f “u|eaf wmfbm
rSrodb;l ? u|eaf wmf&h rhJ supf ad wGu,G af ew,f” vd‹k ajymw,f? tJ't D csed rf mS
a¹r}G u;D updwq
f ;kd +y;D awmh “rif;upm;aewJt h oD;[mig&h o
hJ pfo;D yJ? rif;igu
h rkd
ajymjy&ifrif;udak yguo f wfvrd rhf ,f” vd‹k ajymawmhacG;uav;ua¹r}G u;D udk
a=umufv‹kd tzd;k }u;D vifr,m;aewJah e&mudjk yay;vdu k w f ,f?
a¹rG}uD;vJtdraf y:udkwpfqif+h yD;wpfqifw h uf&if;ntcsdefa&mufawmht

zGm;}u;D udo k mG ;+y;D &pfywfxm;vdu k wf ,f? tzd;k }u;D ua=umuf±ŒHG wkev f y_ pf mG
eJ‹ “a¹rG}u;D a&/ ighrdef;rudv k w $ af y;vdkufyg? opfo;D a&mif;vdk‹&wJah iGawG
tukefay;yghr,f” vdk‹ajymw,f? tJ'aD wmha¹rG}u;D uol‹ZeD;udw k pfywf
v$waf y;vdu k w f ,f? tzd;k }u;D uvJwpfzef “'Dvq kd &kd ifusew f o
hJ pfo;D tm;
vH;k udjk yefay;ygrh ,f? igrh de;f rudjk yefv$waf y;yg” vdk‹ajymawmha¹r}G u;D vJo‹l
udak emufwpfywfjyefvw $ af y;vdu k yf gw,f? tJ'aD wmh tzd;k }u;D ubmrSr
vkyw f wfawmhb;l ? 'Dawmha¹r}G u;D ywfxm;wm=umoGm;+y;D jzpfwt Jh wGuf
touf±SL=uyfaewJo h ‹l rde;f rudkoem;vdk‹cek uajymcJw h htJ wdki;f “a¹rG}u;D
&,figo h rD;wpfa,mufuakd y;ygrh ,f? igrh ed ;f rudjk yefvw $ af y;vdu k fyg”? tJ'D
awmha¹r}G u;D vJo‹l ZeD;ukjd yefvw $ af y;vduk yf gw,f?
r}u;D / rvwfeJ‹raxG;wdk‹[ma¹r}G uD;eJ‹vufrxyfcsif=ubl;? r}u;D updwf

qd;k rmefq;kd eJ‹ “'g[mtareJ‹tazwd‹k &t hJ rSm;yJ? u|erf uawmha¹rG}u;D
udv
k ;kH 0r,lcsib f ;l ? 'ge‹J owl ‹kd &o
hJ rD;vwf&rhJ suEf mS ud=k unfv
h u
kd af wmhorD;
vwfuvJtr}u;D ajymwJt h wdik ;f ajymw,f?
ZeD;armifEEHS pS af ,muf[mt&rf;bJpw
d n
f pfomG ;wmayg?h a¹r}G u;D udv
k nf;
72
t&rf;a=umuf=uw,f? orD;axG;av;uol‹&JhrdbawGudk=unfh+yD;t
&rf;oem;oGm;wmayg?h
a¹rG}uD;uvJ±SL;±SL;±SJ±SJtoHay;+yD;t&rf;pdwfqdk;aewmudkvJorD;i,f
uav;uawG‹w,f? 'gah =umifo h &l rhJ b d awGqu D o
kd mG ;+y;D a¹r}G u;D eJ‹vufxyfygh
r,fv‹kd ajym+y;D a¹r}G u;D &Jah emufuv kd u kd of mG ;w,f? rdbawGuvJow l ‹kd orD;
udkrsuf&nfpufvufe‹J &yf=unfu h molwk‹d avmb}u;D cJw h mudv k aJ emifw
&rqH;k jzpfaew,f?
raxG;[ma¹rG}u;D &Jah emufuv kd ku

d of mG ;+yD;+cHtjyifbufa&mufawmha¹rG
}uD;[mtvGefrSbJacsmarmcef‹nm;wJha,musfm;ysdKwpfa,muf&Jht
oGio f ‹dk ajymif;vJomG ;ygawmhw,f? wtHw h =ojzpfaewJrh def;rysdKuav;
udak ,musmf ;ysKd uol[mewforD;&Ju h sed pf mudrk x
d m;wJth wGuaf ¹r}G u;D tjzpf
od‹k ajymif;vJomG ;a=umif; 'gayrJh acsmarmvSywJrh ed ;f rysKd eJ‹trd af xmifus&if
used pf mjy,f+y;D vltjzpfo‹kd ajymif;vJomG ;r,f qdw k t
hJ a=umif;awGurkd ed ;f r
ysdKuav;udkajymjyowJ?h 'geJ‹olwk‹d EpS fa,muf[m wpfa,mufeJ‹wpf
a,mufarwWmouf0if+y;D t=uifvifr,m;tjzpfe‹J toufxufq;kH aygi;f
oif;aexdik o f mG ;awmhowJu h ,
G ?f
73
,kef eJU rdausmif;
a±S;oa&mtcgu a&tdik }f u;D wpftikd ±f w

dS ,f? xdak &tdik }f u;D xJrmS rdausmif;
wpfaumif±w
dS ,f? ol[m tJ'aD &tdik }f u;D xJrmS ae+y;D a&tdik }f u;D xJrmS ±Sw
d hJ
owW0gawGe@J a&vmaomufww hJ &d p>mefreS o
f r#upkd m;w,f?
oltikd }f u;D xJrmS tpmapmifph m;ae+y;D wd&p>mefawGa&vmaomufwt hJ cgrmS

vnf; oltukev f ;kH pm;ypfw,f? ol[mtJ'v D ykd J ae@wikd ;f wd&p>mefawGukd
apmifph m;aew,f? wpfae@rmS ,kew f pfaumif[m tJ'aD &tdik }f u;D rSmvm+y;D
a&uefabmifay:rSm ckeaf yguaf jy;v$m;upm;aew,f? ol@ukd rdausmif;}u;D
ucsKH ykwfxrJ mS acsmif;+y;D =unfah ew,fwh?J ,kefav;[m ckeaf yguaf e&mrS
armoGm;vd@k a&tdik x f aJ &oGm;aomufawmh rdausmif;u wpfjznf;jznf;csO;f
uyfvm+y;D ,keu f av;udzk rf;um ol@yg;pyfxiJ x
kH nfx h m;vdu k w
f ,f? ,kecf ek f
74
xGuo f mG ;rSma=umufv@kd ol@yg;pyfukd ydwx

f m;+y;D “tkt”k vd@k toHðyw,f?
tJ'rD mS ,keuf av;u/ “toif[ma,mufsm;qd&k if/ toifyh g;pyfxrJ mS t&
om±Sw d t
hJ pm;tpm±S&d if ‘tm--tm’ vd@k toHðy&w,f” wJ?h
vdrmR yg;eyfw, hJ ek &f phJ um;udk rdausmif;u t[kwxf ifomG ;vd@k “tm--tm”
toHjyKwJt h cg ol@yg;pyf[vmvd@k ,keu f av;[m rdausmif;yg;pyfxJrcS ek f
xGu+f y;D [d;k ta0;}u;D udk xGuaf jy;oGm;awmhw,f?
apmbDa0; (wemwlapmtzG@J )
75
avmb
wpfae‹usm;}u;D wpfaumif[mc&D;oGm;rde;f rwpfa,mufuu kd u

kd o
f wfpm;
vdu
k +f y;D rde;f r}u;D 0wfxm;wJah ±$vufaumufut kd oH;k 0ifr,fv‹kdxif+y;D odr;f
xm;w,f? usm;}u;D [ma&tdik af b;ucsKH yw k af b;rSmyke;f aecJw h ,f? c&D;oGm;
a,musmf ;wpfa,mufa&tdik rf mS a&qif;csKd ;wJt h cgusm;}u;D udak wG‹awmht
&rf;vef‹omG ;w,f? usm;}u;D uol‹uakd ±$vufaumufvm,lygv‹kd zw d af c:
w,f? c&D;oGm;a,musfm;uroGm;&Jb;l ? 'gayrJu h sm;}u;D uol[mbk&m;
wpf&m;OD;xdyx f m;wJo h jl zpfa=umif;ajym+y;D a±$vufaumufay;zd‹k c&D;oGm;
a,musmf ;qDvufurf;vdkuw f t
hJ cgc&D;oGm;a,musfm;[ma=umufpdwf
awGaysmuf+y;D avmbpdwaf wGwufvmvd‹k a±$vufaumuf,zl ‹kdusm;}u;D em;
oGm;wJt h cgusm;}u;D uc&D;oGm;a,musmf ;udu k u kd pf m;vdu
k wf ,f?
76
vdrm® yg;eyfw,
hJ ek ef UJ e*g;
wpf&Ha&mtcgu tvGev f drRmyg;eyf+yD; Om%faumif;wJh,kefuav;wpf

aumif±o dS wJ?h wpfae@rmS ,keu f av;[m e*g;eJ@qo kH mG ;vd@k e*g;u/ “,keaf &
--a&qmvdu k w f m/ 'DrmS a&±S&d vhJ m;” vd@kar;w,f? avwku d v f @kd xif;±l;±Guf
&Jt
h oHa=umifh ,keu f a&pD;oHv@kd xifaew,f? ,ke&f ahJ emufukd e*g;vdu k yf g
oGm;w,f? e*g;u awmifxyd t f xdvudk of Gm;awmh/ “b,frmS vJ,kef--
a&pD;wJah e&meJ@e;D vm+y;D vm;”
,keuf / “cifAsm;±l;aevm;--awmifay:rSm acsmif;awG±w dS ,fqw kd m b,fEpS f
cg=um;zl;vd@k v”J wJ?h tJ'rD mS e*g;[m t&rf;a'goxGuo f mG ;+y;D qif;oGm;wJh
tcg,ek u f av;[m awmifurkd ;D eJ@±@d_ ypfvu kd v
f @kd rD;ue*g;udx k o
d mG ;wm
a=umifh e*g;crsmwpfaumifv;kH wGe@f vrd ahf ewmyJ?
77
acsmif;xJa&mufomG ;wJth cg e*g;u ,keu f av;udk apmif=h unfah ew,f? ,kef

uav;aemufq;kH rSme*g;yg; pyfxu J somG ;w,f? tJ'rD mS e*g;u/ “eifu h pkd m;
&rSm igt&rf;0rf;omvdu k wf m” wJ?h ,keuf av;u jyef+y;D / “,keuf pkd m;vd@k
±S&d ifav--,ket
f rqd&k if ‘tk’ vd@k atmf&w,f/ txD;qd&k if‘tm’vd@k atmf
&w,f” wJ?h
,keuf av;u txD;jzpfv@kd e*g;u ‘tm’ od@k atmfvu

kd w
f t
hJ cg ,keu
f e*g;
yg;pyfxu
J ckex
f u
G o
f mG ;awmhw,f?
apma*aom
78
bmaMumifu
h sm;awGrmS tpif;aMumif;½S&d wmvJ
a±S;a±S;wke;f uusm;eJ‹,ek w
f ‹dk [mtaqGcifyeG f;zG‹J +y;D aexkdi=f uw,f? usm;
[mtvkyóf u;d pm;vky+f y;D ,keu f awmhv;kH 0tvkyrf vkycf sib f ;l ? wpfae‹rmS
,keef ‹J usm;[moufu,f&dwzf ‹kd xu G o
f mG ;=uw,f? usm;[mae‹vnfpm
twGufxrif;eJ‹[if;udkxkwfoGm;w,f? ,kefuawmhbmqdkbmrS,lr
oGm;bl;?
,mcif;xJa&mufawmhoufu,f&w d zf ‹kdusm;ujyifqifw,f? 'gayrJ, h ek u

f
awmh qifajcqifvufay;+yD;tdyfzk‹d jyifaewmayg?h 'Dawmh,ek u f usm;udk
“udu
k sm;}u;D a&/ tckigiu
S zf sm;wuf aew,f? aexdik rf aumif;vd‹k wpfa&;
avmufarS;csiyf gw,f?” 'ge‹J usm;u “ud, k ek af &/ aeraumif;&ifvJem;
em;aeaeomtdyaf eyg? igwpfa,mufxyJ v J yk yf grh ,f?”
79
usm;}u;D uoufu,f&w d zf ‹kdxu G o f mG ;wJth cg,ek u

f av;uopfyifatmuf
rSmtdyf+y;D usecf whJ ,f? tdy&f mxwJt h cgAu dk q
f mvd‹k usm;}u;D &Jx
h rif;xkwf
uktd ukepf m;ypfvu kd wf ,f? xrif;tukepf m;+y;D vd‹k bmeJ‹jyefxw k zf ‹kd rodwhJ
tcgtrSwfrxifeJ‹u|Jacs;yHw k pfyku H adk wG‹rdawmhxrif;tpm;tJ'u D |Jacs;
yHu
k xdk rif;xkwx f x J w k x f nfv h ukd wf ,f?
usm;}uD;ureufuae‹vnftxdtvkyfvyk fw,f? ae‹vnfpmpm;csed f

a&mufawmhopfyif&yd af tmufrmS xrif;pm;zd‹k jyefvmw,f? 'ga=umifah rm
armyef;yef;eJ‹ol‹&Jhxrif;xkwfudkzGifhvkdufwJhtcgxrif;xkwftpm;u|J
acs;awGuo dk mawG‹vu kd &f w,f? 'ga=umif, h ek u
f o
kd ‹l &x
hJ rif;eJ‹[if;awGb,f
a&mufomG ;+y;D vJv‹kd ar;w,f? 'gayrJ, h ek u
f olwpfae‹v;kH iSuzf sm;wufae
vd‹k opfyifatmufrmS tdy+f y;D bmrSr=unft h m;a=umif;ajymw,f? usm;[m
Adu
k tf &rf;qmaeayrJb h mrSqufrajymbJtvkyq f ufvyk af eawmhw,f?
naeapmif;tcsdefa&mufawmhusm;}uD;[mtdrfjyefzdk‹jyifqifw,f?
vrf;wpf0ufa&mufawmh,keu f t&rf;arm+y;D vrf;rav#mufEikd af wmhb;l
vd‹k ajymw,f? usm;}uD;uol‹&haJ usmay:rSmoufu,fawGwifxm;wJt h
wGuf,kefudkoufu,fay:rSm wufx dki fcdkif; w,f? usm;}uD;&Jhausm
ay:rSmwufrxdkifrSD,kefuausmufwHk;ESpfvHk;udkaumuf,lvdkufw,f?
vrf;rSm,keu f ausmufw;kH ESpw
f ;kH udrk ;D p&atmifyw G w f ukd af ewJt
h wGuu f sm;
u,keu f kd “taqG,ek b f mvkyaf ewmvJ” vd‹k ar;w,f? ,keu f “csr;f vGe;f
vd‹k ar;±d;k awGwek af ewmyg” vd‹k ajymw,f? tJ'v D akd jym+y;D wmeJ‹ausmufcrJ ;D
urD;p&oGm;vdŒk oufu,furkd D;±d_‹ypfvu kd f+y;D usm;}uD;&Jah usmay:uaeckef
qif;oGm;w,f? rD;uusm;&Jhausmay:rSm±SdwJhoufu,fawGudkwpfp+yD;
wpfpavmif+y;D ol‹&ahJ usmay:rSmylavmifw'hJ g%cf &H vd‹k r;D avmifaew,fqkd
80
wmudo k dvkud w
f u Jh sm;}uD;[mrD;awGu+dk idrf;owfzdk‹twGufa&uefxJudk
ckeq
f if;vdkufw,f? tJh'haD emufurf;yg;ay:wufvm+yD;oJaomifay:ajy;
wuf+y;D rD;awGu+kd ird ;f owfaewmayg?h
rD;+idr;f oGm;wJhtcgrmS usm;[mol‹u, kd fuadk &xJrmS oGm;=unfv

h u
kd fw,f?
ol‹&Jhausmay:rSmrD;avmif'g%f&mawGjzpfwJhtrJeJ‹t0gtpif;=um;awG
xGuaf ewmudak wG‹vu kd &f w,f? [dw
k ek ;f uusm;[mwpfaumifv;kH 0gayrJh
rD;avmifc&H wJah e‹up+y;D tpif;=um;awGxu G v
f mygawmhw,f?
81
qE´eb
YJ 0
wpfcgwkef;uawmtkyfwpftkyfrSmxif;±l;/ o&ufeJ‹u|ef;qdkwhrJ dwaf qG

opfyifok;H yif±dw
S ,f? wpfae‹rSmxif;±l;yif}uD;u “igoabFm}u;D }uD;wpf
pif;jzpfcsiw
f ,f” vd‹k ajymw,f? o&ufyifuvJ “igtrd v f v S aS v;wpfv;kH
jzpfcsifw,f” u|e;f uawmh “iguawmheef;awmfvSvSwpfaqmifjzpf
csiw
f ,f” vd‹k ajym=uw,f? 'ge‹J tcsed ef m&DawGEpS af wGuek q
f ;kH oGm;cJw
h ,f?
eef;awmf}uD;jzpfcsifw Jhu|ef;yifu ausmif;u=urf; cif;/ tdrfjzpfcsif

wJo
h &ufyifuxdik cf jkHzpfvm+y;D / oabFmjzpfcsiw
f x
hJ if;±l;uawmhausmif;pm
a&;pm;yGcJ jHk zpfvm=uw,f? olw‹kd o;Hk a,muf[mjzpfcsiw f [
hJ mrjzpf&ayrJh
vJow l ‹kdjzpfvm&wJt h &mawG[molwpfyg;udt k usKd ;ðywJh t&mawGjzpfwt hJ
wGuyf wD jd zmae=uwmayg?h
82
aumif;usKd ;jyKjcif;&J&h v'f
wpfcgwek ;f uwJh -- tzd;k }u;D wpfa,muf±w dS ,f? ol[m tvGeq f if;&JErG ;f

yg;+y;D wpfa,mufwnf;yJ aexdik w f ,f? tvSLt'ge;f vkyzf @kdrajymeJ@/ wpfae@
vkyw f pfae@pm;awmif ol@twGut f Edik Ef ikd yf ?J wpfcgwav xrif;wpf&uf
wpfcgypJ m;&w,f/ Adkujf ynfah tmif a&jznfah omufay;&w,f? oltvkyf
vkyrf o S m ydu
k q f &H +y;D xrif;[if;awG0,fpm;vd@k &w,f? tvkyrf vkyEf ikd w f thJ
cgawGq&kd if ydu k q f rH ±Svd k@d xrif;udkqm;wpfqkyef @J e,f+yD; a&eJŒaomuf&
w,f? 'gayr,fh tzd;k }u;D [m pdwo f abmxm;aumif;w,f? rwGe@f ww kd wf
bl;/ ol@rmS ±S&d if wpfyg;olawGukd ulnw D wfw,f/ ol@twGurf ±Sw d m aemufrS
yJ? wpfae@rmS olxrif;pm;zd@k xrif;cl;+y;D [if;&nfe@J e,fum xrif;xdik pf m;
zd@k jyifaewke;f rSm tdrw f cH g;rSvmwJt h oHukd =um;&vd@k =unfv h u
kd w f t hJ cg acG;
wpfaumif0ifvmwmudk awG@&w,f? acG;utpmqmwJt h wdik ;f t+r;D av;
udEk @HSjyw,f? tJ'ge@J oloabmayguo f mG ;w,f? bmjzpfv@kd vq J akd wmh acG;
uav;[m ydeaf n‡mifaewmyJ?
83
tzd;k }uD;pdwx f rJ mS 'Dvkad wG;rdw,f? “tif;'DacG;t&rf;qmaewJhykyH /J igvJ

qmw,f/ 'gayr,fih grh mS tiftm;awG±adS o;w,f/ acG;u tpmrpm;&wm
&uf twef=um+yeD @J ww l ,f/ tif; -- 'Dwpfacguf igxrif; rpm;&&if udprP ±Sd
ygb;l / oltpmrpm;&wm=um+yeD @J ww l ,f” qd+k y;D ol@&x
hJ rif;yef;uefukd acG;
qDweG ;f ay;vdu k wf ,f? acG;u ol@qrD vm&Jb;l / enf;enf;a=umufaewJyh ykH ?J
'ge@J ol@xrif;yef;uefukd acG;qDweG ;f ay;+y;D / “awmuf--awmuf--awmuf
--” vd@k acG;udak c:+y;D olutvSr;f a0;wJw h pfae&mrSmxGuo f mG ;w,f? tJ'ge@J
acG;[m xrif;yef;uefu ±Sw d ht
J pm;tpmawGukd tukev f k;H pm;ypfvku d f
w,f? tzd;k }u;D [m acG;udk pdwrf qd;k bl;? xrif;rpm;&vd@k Adu k jf ym;csyaf eay
r,fh ydefvDaS ewJhacG;wpfaumifukd tpmau|;vdkuf&vd@k olt&rf;aysmfae
w,f?
naeydik ;f a&mufawmh tzd;k tdx k rif;xyfcsujf yefw,f? tzd;k td[ k m ol@bm
omolwpfa,mufwnf;yJ pum;ajymaew,f? “'Dwpfacguf [if;eJ@xrif;
pm;&&ifawmh odyaf umif;rSmyJ” wJ?h ol@pum;tqH;k rSm tjyifrmS toHwpfck
ud=kum;&w,f? olvrS ;f =unfv h u kd w
f t
hJ cg acG;uav;[m ig;wpfaumifuu kd f
csv D mwmudk awG@&w,f? acG;G uav;yg;pyfu ig;udt k zd;k }u;D oGm;rvk,b l ;l ?
acG;av;udk “awmuf -- awmuf” vd@k ac:w,f? acG;uav;[m ol@qv D m
+y;D yg;pyfu udu k x f m;wJih g;udk vmcsay;w,f? tzd;k }u;D [if;pm;&awmhrmS
rd@k v@kd t&rf;aysmaf ew,f? 'gayr,fh [if;csuzf @kd twGuf qD/ =uufoeG ef @J ðiyf
oD;r±Sb d ;l ? ig;udak &xJxnf+h y;D qm;enf;enf;xnfu h m [if;csupf m;vdu k f
w,f? ol[m ig;[if;pm;+y;D acG;uav;udk wpf0ufay;au|;w,f? olw@kd x
rif;pm;vd@k aumif;rSaumif;yJ/ 00vJpm;=u&w,f?
wpfae@rmS tzdk;}u;D u/ “td/k iga±$tk;d wpft;kd avmuf&&ifawmh tvSLt

'ge;f awGvyk rf ,f”? olajymwmudk acG;uav;u em;vnfovdyk J tjyifukd
84
xGuaf jy;oGm;+y;D wpfatmif=h umaysmufomG ;w,f? acG;uav;jyefvmwJt h

cg ol@u=kd unfuh m avSum;qDajy;oGm;+y;D ol@qu D jkd yefajy;wufvmw,f?
acguw f @kHacgujf yefvyk v
f @kd acG;ol@uwkd pfcck jk ycsirf eS ;f odvu kd w f ,f? tzd;k td[
k m
acG;aemufqif;vdu k of mG ;w,f? awmify@kdwpfy@kdem;a&mufawmh acG;uav;
[m tJ'aD wmify@kdukd ajcvufawGe@J ,ufxw k af e+y;D ol@uv kd nf;=unfh w,f?
tJ'ge@J awmify@kdxrJ mS wpfcck ±k w dS ,fv@kdoabmayguo f mG ;+y;D tJ'aD wmify@kdukd
wl;=unfw h ,f? wpfatmif=h umawmh a±$t;kd wpft;kd &vmw,f?
a±$t;kd &vm+y;D wJah emufyikd ;f tzd;k td[ k m t0wftpm;awG/ tpm;tpmawG
0,f+y;D tvSLvkyw f ,f? ol@a±$ td;k ydik q f ikd af ewmudk vlq;kd awGuodv@dk wpf
naetzd;k tdk tdyaf ysmo f mG ;wJt h csed rf mS vlq;kd awGu tzd;k tdu k kd ±ku
d Ef uS +f y;D
a±$aiGv, k rl ,ft h =ut H pnfe@J a&mufvm=uw,f? acG;urcHb;l ? vlq;kd awG
tzd;k tdu k ckd pG ;D aewJth csed rf mS acG;uav;uvJ vlq;kd &Jv h nfyif;udk emusif
atmifuu kd yf pfw,f? tjcm;vlq;kd awGu 'guakd wG@v@kd tvpfow k x f uG af jy;
oGm;=uw,f? tzd;k tdEk ;kd vm+y;D vlq;kd uacG;uav;eJ@ eyef;vH;k aevd@k vlq;kd
ol@uv kd yk v f @kdr&awmhb;l ? tzd;k td[ k m ywf0ef;usiu f kd atmf[pf+y;D tult
nDawmif;w,f? tdref ;D em;csi;f awGtrsm;}u;D a&mufvm+y;D vlq;kd udzk rf;csKyf
xm;vdu k w f ,f?
tzd;k td[
k m acG;uav;eJ@ twlwal ysm±f i$ pf mG aexdik o
f mG ;=uawmhw,f? u
av;wd@k a&--olwpfyg;udk aumif;r_ðy=uyg/ oem;=uifemwJph w d ±f d=S uyg?
aumif;r_awGvyk &f if tJ'aD umif;r_awG&thJ usKd ;aus;Zl;udk wpfae@jyefcpH m;
=u&rSmyg?
bd;k apmawm (armeif;pwm;pmapmif/ twGJ 3/ tkyfa& 10/ Zlvikd /f

1958 ESp)f rS,I
l bmomjyefqx kd m;ygonf?
85
rSeu
f efaomw&m;pD&ifrI
wpfcgwkef;u0ufom;trdESpfaumif±Sdw,f? wpfae‹rmS olwdk‹tpm±Sm

xGuaf ewke;f aoqH;k aewJrh cd if}u;D ab;rSmxdik af e+y;D t&rf;odyo
f em;p&m
aumif;wJu
h sm;aygupf av;wpfaumifuakd wG‹w,f? awm0ufr}u;D vJusm;
uav;udkoem;+yD;ol‹&hEJ kd‹wpfzufuo dk ‹l &ho
J m;awm0ufuav;eJ‹tjcm;
wpfzufuu kd sm;uav;tm;wdu k af u|;w,f?
awm0ufuav;eJ‹usm;uav;wk‹d [mwpfaumife‹Jwpfaumift&rf;csp=f u
wmaygh? 'gayrJhwpfae‹awm0ufr}uD;[mtpm±SmxGufaewkef;axmif
acsmufe‹J r+d y;D raocifrmS ol&o hJ m;ESpaf umifudk “rif;wk‹d nt D pfuq dk v
kd nf;r
rSm;/ oli,fcsi;f qdv k rJ rSm;bl;'ga=umifch spcf spcf ifcifae=uyg/ &efrjzpf=uyge‹J ”
86
vk‹d ajym+yD;aoqH;k oGm;w,f? r=umygb;l 0ufeJ‹usm;uav;ESpaf umif

uEkysKo d mrefwt
hJ ±G,af umif;a&mufvm=uw,f?
om;&Jw&d p>mefw‹dk &AhJ ZD t&usm;[mt±G,af &muf+y;D use;f rm0+zKd ;wJah wm

0uf&t Jh om;ukdpm;csifw,f? 'gayrJo h ‹l [maumufuspfwt Jh }ut H pnf
ud}k upH nfaew,f? wpfreufcif;rSmusm;[mawm0ufudk “tpfuadk wm0uf
a&nuigxl;qef;wJt h yd frufwpfct k dyrf ufygw,f?” tJ't D csderf mS awm
0ufuusm;&Jt h yd rf ufuo dk cd siw
f t
hJ wGuo f Œl &Jt
h yd rf ufuadk r;aew,f?
'gayrJu h sm;uawm0ufudk “igtyd frufrif;ukrd ajymcsifb;l / usm;awG[m

olw‹dk &htJ yd rf ufut dk jcm;olawGajymjy&iftyd fruftwkid ;f vky&f vdrrhf ,f”
vkd‹ajymw,f? 'gayrJhawm0ufuusm;&Jt h }uHOm%fudkrodyo J yd +f yD;od
csiwf thJ wGuu f sm;udak jymzk‹d xyfcgwvJvaJ wmif;yefw,f? tJ'aD wmhusm;
uawm0ufudk “igrif;tom;pm;&w,fv‹kd tdyrf ufrufw,f” vk‹d ajym
awmhtxdwt f vef‹jzpfomG ;wJt h cgawm0ufuu dk sm;u “tckigt h yd rf ufudk
ajymjy+y;D +y;D / 'ga=umift h yd rf uftwkid ;f rif;ukpd m;&vdrrhf ,f” vk‹d ajymw,f?
tJ'aD wmhawm0ufuusm;ukd “usm;&,f rif;eJ‹ig[mnDtpfuv dk jJ zpfw,f/

oli,fcsi;f vJjzpfwt hJ wGu'f v D adk wmhrvkyof ifhb;l ? bmyJjzpfjzpfw&m;ol
}u;D qDuo
kd mG ;+y;D rif;igu
h pdk m;oifrh pm;oift
h qH;k tjzwf,=l uwmayg”h vk‹d
ajymw,f? 'Dvedk ‹J EpS af umifom;jcaoFrh if;}u;D ±S&d mxGuv f mcJwh ,f?
jcaohrF if;±S&d mra&mufcifusm;ujcaoFx h t

H &ifa&mufatmifajy;oGm;+y;D
jcaoFrh if;ukd “t±Sijf caoFhrif;}uD;[m0ufom;uk}d udKufESpo
f ufw,fv‹kd
u|eaf wmfrsK;d odygw,f? tcku|eaf wmfe‹J vmwJah wm0uf}u;D uql+zKd ;+y;D t
87
&om±Syd gw,f? wpfu,fv‹dk t±Sijf caoFrh if;}u;D uu|Eyfk u f adk wm0ufom;

pm;oifyh gw,fvd‹k t±Sijf caoFrh if;}uD;uqH;k jzwfay;&ift±Sifrif;}uD;ukt d
&om±Sw d 0hJ ufaygiEf pS af csmif;uko d aH wmfO;D wifygrh ,f”? 'Dvedk ‹J owl ‹kdEpS af umif
tay;t,lvyk f+yD;wJhaemufawm0ufvJa&mufvmygw,f? jcaoFhrif;
vJusm;eJ‹awm0ufav#mufwifaewmukd+ird +f yD;em;axmifaew,f? tJ'D
aemufawm0ufu “t±SifjcaoFrh if;u|efawmfrsK;d wk‹d &t hJ a&;tcif;udw k
&m;r#wpGmqH;k jzwfay;yg” vk‹d oaH wmfO;D wifw,f? jcaoFrh if;uawm0uf&hJ
aygiEf pS vf ;kH ud=k unf+h y;D oGm;&nf,u dk m “awm0uf&,f/ rif;ukid gu, kd af wmf
jrwfoem;ygw,f? 'gayrJhusm;ajymwJhtwkdif;ol&ht J dyfrufrif;ukad jymjy
vk‹d usm;wk‹d &u hJ six
hf ;kH twdik ;f rif;ukpd m;&vdrrhf ,f” vk‹d ajymw,f?
'DwpfcgrSmawmhawm0ufrSmbmrSar#mfvifhcsufr±Sdawmhbl;? usm;pm;
wmukcd &H awmhr,f/ 'ga=umifo h [
l mbk&if}u;D qDrmS cGiw
hf pfywfawmif;+y;D ol
i,fcsi;f awGuEdk w
_ q
f ufz‹dk omG ;w,f? olvt J &rf;0rf;enf;vk‹d wpfvrf;vH;k
idv
k mwmayg?h
awm0uf&o hJ li,fcsi;f awGuvJo‹l uo dk em;ayrJb h ,fvkrd rS ulnED idk af wmh

bl;? 'Dvedk ‹J awm0ufu,keyf nm±Sw d pfaumifuadk wG‹w,f? awm0ufu,kef
ukd tusK;d ta=umif;pHv k ifpmG ±Si;f jy=uw,f? ,keu f awm0ufudk “rylyge‹J /
rif;uku d n
l yD grh ,f” vk‹d ajym+y;D ESpo f rd vhf u kd w
f ,f? wpfywfjynfw h t
hJ csed rf mS
,keef ‹J awm0uf[mjcaoFrh if;±S&d mukv d mw,f? jcaoFrh if;uvJ “tck0uf
uusm;tpm;cHz‹dktcsed af &muf+y;D ” vk‹d red ‹f awmfrw l ,f?
'Dawmh,ek futa±S‹uw
dk ufvm+yD;bk&ifrif;jrwfut dk a=umif;pHak r;jref;
w,f? jcaoFhrif;uvJol‹uk±d Si;f jy+y;D wJah emuf,ek u
f jcaoFhrif;ukdcGicfh %
88
awmif;w,f? aemuf+yD;,keu f jcaoFhrif;ukdcGifhc%awmif;+yD;wd&p>mef

rsm;ta±S‹rSmyJtdyfcsvdkufw,f? ,kef&Jhxl;qef;wJhtajymtrla=umifh
bk&ife‹J wuGtm;vH;k uwtHw h =ojzpfae=uw,f? c%t=um,keu f tdyf
&mrSuref;uwef;xvm+yD;jcaoFhrif;&Jhrdzk&m;ukdzufxm;vdkufw,f?
jcaoFhuvJ,kefurxDav;pm;jyKvkyfwJhtwGuftrsufa'goxGufwm
ayg?h 'ga=umifh,keu f ku
d Gyfrsufz‹dk trdef‹ay;vku d w
f ,f? ,keu
f “t±Sirf if;
}uD;u|EkfyfukdtrsufrxGufawmfrlygeJ‹? ckeu|efawmfrsKd;tdyfwJhtcgt
±Sirf if;&Jrh zd k&m;}uD;eJ‹vufxyf&onfudt k yd rf ufjrifrufonfhtwGutf yd f
ruftwkid ;f vky&f wmyg” vk‹d av#mufwifw,f?
±Sib f &k if}u;D uvnf; “toif,ek rf [kww f m awGrajymyge‹J/ rif;tJ'v D tdk yd f

rufrufwmbmtaxmuftxm;eJ‹rSjyEdkifwmr[kwfbl;? rif;r[kwf
u[kwu f awGuu dk vdrOf m%fqif+y;D ajymEdik w f myJ” vd‹k rde‹f awmfro l nf?
'Dawmh,ek u f vJ “'gq&dk if/ 'Dusm;uvJawm0ufom;pm;csiv f ‹dkuvdrOf m%f
xGi+f y;D tdrrf ufrufw,fv‹dkav#mufwifwmjzpfEikd w f ,f? 'gut dk ajccH+y;D usm;
uawm0ufom;ukpd m;oifw h ,fv‹kdt±Sirf if;}u;D rqH;k jzwfoifb h ;l ” tjcm;
yG=J unfyh &dowfawGuvJ,ek &f phJ um;ukad xmufcaH jymqd+k y;D usm;[mawm
0uf&rJh dcifaus;Zl;a=umifhraoyJusef&pfcJh+yD;'Daus;Zl;ukdraxmufyJ0uf
udpk m;csifvkd‹taumuf}uHwht J a=umif;0kdif;0ef;av#mufwifwJhtwGuf
jcaoFrh if;vJawm0ufut dk oufcsr;f om&apw,f? awm0ufe‹J o&l t hJ aygi;f
tazmfawGu,keyf nm±Sad v;ukcd s;D rGr;f +yD;aus;Zl;wifrqH;k jzpfaew,f?
aus;Zl;rodwwfwu hJ sm;vJt±Su&f +y;D vmbfay;vmbf,v l yk +f y;D w&m;r#
wpGmrpD&ifwjhJ caoFrh if;vJaemifwt}u;D tus,&f oGm;awmhwmaygu h , G ?f
89
wpfyg;ol\aus;Zl;odwwfol
wpfcgu awmtky}f u;D wpftyk x f rJ mS jcaoF}h u;D wpfaumiftyk pf ;kd aew,f?

wd&p>mefawGukd olpm;csiw f t
hJ cgawGrmS qd&k if wd&p>mefawGuol@qu D vkd m&
w,f? wd&p>mefawG ol@uadk =umuf=uvd@k t+rJwrf;yJxGufajy;wdrf;a±Smif
ypfw,f? tJ'ga=umifh ol@twGut f pm;tpmr±Sv d @kd awmifuek ;f ay:wuf
oGm;+y;D tpmawG@atmif ywf0ef;usiw f pf0ukd u
f =kdunfv h u
kd wf ,f? tJ't D csed f
awmifatmufajca&uefwpfuefem;rSm orifav;wpfaumifa&vm
aomufaewmudo k al wG@&w,f? jcaoF}h u;D [m ud, k u hf ,kd u f t
kd vGet f xif
}u;D aomoljzpf+y;D tiftm;}u;D rm;wJb h &k ifvjJ zpfw,f? wpfcgwnf;olpOf;
pm;vdu k w f ,f? “tif;--igt'J o D rifukd tkycf svu kd &f ifawmh ol@uakd umif;
aumif;rdrmS yJ” wJ?h jcaoF}h u;D [m rqdik ;f rwGyJ pOf;pm;wJt h wdik ;f orifav;
udck ek t
f yk cf svu
kd w
f ,f? orifav;u ol@uakd wG@omG ;vd@k tjrefxu G af jy;oGm;
90
w,f? jcaoF}h u;D [m tm;tukeo f ;kH aoma=umifh t±Sed v

f eG u
f m a&uefxJ
usomG ;ojzifh ±$@H Au
G x
f rJ mS ESpo
f mG ;+yD; ol@u,
kd o
f jl yefrxkwfEikd af wmhay?
tJ'aD e@rSp+yD; wd&p>mefwpfaumifrS a&uefxaJ &oGm;raomufawmhay?

jcaoF}h u;D vnf;±$@H Au G af wG=um; rSu, kd ±f ek ;f rxGuEf ikd af y? 'ga=umifh ol@uu kd n l D
r,fo h vl rJ ±Sb
d ;l ? tpmvJrpm;&wm=umoGm;vd@k tm;vJr±Sad wmhb;l ? tJ'D
tcsed rf mS ajracG;wpfaumif[m a&uefxv J m+y;D a&aomufaew,f? tJ'g
eJ@jcaoF[ h m 0rf;omtm;&pGmeJ@ ajracG;udt k ultnDawmif;w,f? 'gayr,fh
ajracG;u ol@uakd =umufv@kd ruln&D b J l;? tJ'ge@J jcaoF}h u;D [m ajracG;udt k
wefwefawmif;yef+y;D ol@uu kd ,f&if ajracG;bmrqdt k ultnDvckd si&f ifol
jyefun l rD ,fv@kdajymw,f? tJ'ge@Jo@luakd jracG;,H=k unfomG ;+y;D jcaoFah jcvuf
awGatmufrmS ±Sw d AhJ u
G af wGukd ,ufxw k af y;ypfw,f? aemufq;kH jcaoF}h u;D
vGwfajrmufvm+y;D ajracG;udk ole@J twlac:oGm;w,f? xdt k cg ajracG;u/
“u|Eykf rf mS om;r,m;±Sv d @kd cifAsm;aemufvu kd rf oGm;Edik b f ;l ?” jcaoF}h u;D u/
“cifAsm;&Jo h m;r,m;udak c:vm+y;D u|Eykf af emufuv kd ukd vf mcJyh g?”
jcaoFah jymonft h wkid ;f ajracG;vJ ol@om;r,m;awGac:+y;D vku d of mG ;w,f?

ajracG;[m jcaoFah ewJah e&m a&mufomG ;wJt h cg jcaoFrh mS om;r,m;±Sw d m
udvk nf;awG@&w,f? tJ'aD e@up+y;D jcaoFeh @J ajracG;[m om;r,m;awGukd
xm;cJ+h y;D tpm±SmxGuw f ,f? jcaoF[h m ajracG;rdom;pkukd au|;arG;jyKpak pmifh
a±Smufwt hJ wGuf tpm;tpmawGtrsm;}u;D ±Smvmw,f?
&uftwef=umvmawmh jcaoFrh [m ol@a,mufsm;eJ@ajracG;rudk txifvJG

oGm;w,f? 'ga=umifh ajracG;rud/k “bmjzpfv@k±d iS 'f rD mS t=um}u;D vmae&wm
vJ? ±Siahf ewJah e&mudk rjyefawmhb;l vm;” vd@k ar;awmh ajracG;r[m t&rf;
91
bJpw d rf aumif;oGm;vd@k ol@a,mufsm;udk jyefar;rdw,f? tJ'ge@Jo@la,mufsm;

u'Dta=umif;udk jcaoFeh @J wikd yf ifaqG;aEG;r,fv@kd ajracG;rudak jymw,f? jcaoFh
}u;D jyefvmwJth cg/ “'DrmS -u|Eykf af evd@k r&awmhb;l ” vd@k ajracG;uajymw,f?
jcaoFu h wtHw h =ojzif/h “bmjzpfv@kd v?J rif;twGuf bmtcuftcJ±v dS ”J

vd@k ajracG;udak r;awmh ajracG;u jcaoF}h u;D udk tusKd ;ta=umif;tukevf ;kH
ajymjyvdu k w
f ,f?
jcaoF}h u;D [m jzpfysuw f mawGtukev f ;kH odomG ;+y;D / “ig'uk aQ &mufwt

hJ csed f
rSm ajracG;uigu h ku
d n
l cD hv
J @kd ol@aus;Zl;udk wwfEikd for#jyefqyfaewmyg”
vd@k o@l red ;f rudjk yefajymjyw,f? tJ'ge@J jcaoFrh }u;D [m tm;vH;k uked m;vnf+y;D
ajracG;rudak wmif;yefum olw@kd ro d m;pkEpS pf [
k m aysm±f i$ pf mG eJ@awmtky}f u;D
xJrmS at;csr;f om,mpGm aexdik o f mG ;=uawmhowJu h ,G ?f
aemfppDG vD;
92
tm;i,fwwfaombJuav;
wpfcgwkef;u=uufr}uD;wpfaumif0yf&mrS=uufuav;rsm;aygufvm
w,f? tJ'=D uufuav;rsm;=um;rSmbJuav;wpfaumifygvmw,f? i,f
i,fwek ;f ubkrodbmrod=uufuav;rsm;eJ‹twlwul pm;ayrJv
h nf;}u;D
vmawmhtjcm;nDtpfurdk sm;eJ‹rwlwmuko
d wdxm;rdw,f?
=uufuav;rsm;uvnf;olwk‹d eJ‹rwlwb Jh Juav;eJ‹tazmfrvkyfcsib f l;?

'ga=umifhbu J av;vnf;pdwyf sufvufysuef J‹ol‹&tJh rsKd;tEG,fudk±SmazG
zkd‹xuG fchw
J ,f? prf;acsmif;uav;wpfcktem;ukda&mufwht J cga&xJrSm
taumifuav;rsm;a&ul;aewmukdawG‹&w,f? bJuav;vJo‹l u, dk f
udka&xJik‹H =unfwh t
Jh cga&ul;aewJhtaumifuav;rsm;eJ‹wlwmukdod&
wJt h wGu0f rf;omtm;&eJ‹ol‹tazmfawGaemufudv k u kd o
f mG ;owJ?h
93
ao0DbvJeUJ aemfcg;apmf
wpfcgu ±Gmav;wpf±mG xJrmS umvom;acgi;f aqmife@J umvorD;acgi;f

aqmifrsm;±S=d uw,f? tJ'±D mG &Jh umvom;acgi;f aqmifu ao0DbvJjzpf+y;D
umvorD;acgi;f aqmifu aemfcg;apmfjzpfw,f? olwk@d EpS af ,muf[m vl
i,fobm0twdik ;f orD;&nf;pm;jzpf=u+y;D wpfa,mufeJ@wpfa,muft
vGecf spfjrwfE;dk =uw,f? olw@kd EpS Of ;D pvHk;u umvom;§orD;awG&ahJ cgi;f
aqmifrsm;vnf;jzpfw,f? olw@kdEpS af ,muf[m tvGecf sp=f uayr,fh rde;f u
av;&Jrh b d awGu ao0DbvJe@J ow l @kdorD;udk oabmrwlay;=ubl;? olw@kd
orD;udk wm;ayr,fv h nf;r&bl;? olw@kdEpS af ,muf[m opPm±S+d y;D tvGecf spf
jrwfE;kd =uwJt
h wGuaf =umifyh jJ zpfw,f? oli,fcsi;f awGu olw@kdEpS af ,mufukd
94
t&rf;oem;=uw,f? a±S;rdbvl}u;D awG[m ajzmifrh wf±;kd om;pif=u,f+y;D

trSew f &m;udk jrwfE;kd =uwJo h al wGjzpfw,f? rdbrsm;oabmrwlay;wJt h
wGuf olw@dk EpS fa,muf0rf;enf;a=uuGpJ mG aeae&w,f? wpfae@rmS / zcif
jzpfo[ l m orD;jzpfou l kd ao0DbvJe@J a0;ap&eftwGuf opfyif}u;D wpfyif
&Jt
h xufrmS oGm;xm;+y;D avScg;udzk ,fypfvu kd w
f ,f? 'Dwpfcg aemfcg;apmf
[m ol@cspo f al pmao0DbvJ eJ@rawG@&awmhb;l vd@k o+d y;D rsu&f nfawGus+y;D
0rf;enf;a=uuGaJ e±Smw,f? oli,fcsi;f rsm;u tJ't D a=umif;udo k &d wJth cg
olw@kd uo kd em;vd@k id, k akd =uuGaJ e=uw,f? tysKd vlysKd awG[m reufapmapm
tdy&f mx+y;D awmif,mxJuo kd mG ;=uw,f? awmif,mudo k mG ;wJth cg aemfcg;
apmfux kd m;wJo h pfyif}u;D udk ausmjf zwfomG ;&w,f?
'guadk wG@&vd@k pdwrf aumif;jzpfum TuJo h @kd uAsmpyfqo kd nf -
“oGm;pd@k - oGm;pdk@ - aemfcg;apmf/ ao0DbvJqo D mG ;=uygpk@d ”
tJ'rD mS aemfcg;apmfujyef+y;D awmh-
“oGm;yg--oGm;yg--ao0DbvJq/D aemfcg;apmfawmhroGm;Edik af y?”
tvm;wlnaeapmif;olw@kdjyefvmwJt h cguAsmpyfq+kd y;D -
“jyefp@kd -- jyefp@kd -- aemfcg;apmf/ ao0DbvJqjD yef=upd@k ”
aemfcg;apmfujyef+yD;uAsmpyfqu kd m -
“jyefEiS hf -- jyefEiS hf -- ao0DbvJ/ aemfcg;apmfjyefv@kd r&Edik af wmh”
olwk@d uAsmqdk+y;D rsuf&nfus+yD;jyefomG ;=u&w,f? aemfcg;apmfvJ nae

apmif;vmwJt h cg wpfa,mufwnf;rae&Jv@kd a=umufvaJ =umuf/ 0rf;vJ
enf;/ rsuf&nfvw J pdrpfh rd pfh ;D qif;aew,f? 0rf;enf;vGe;f vdk@ wpfa,muf
xJ “td-k -iguqH ;kd vdu
k wf m--azazorD;udk wu,fvyk &f ufw,f” vd@k wpf
a,mufwnf;yJ ajymaew,f? ol[mid&k if; =uuftyd =f uufE;kd uJ@o@kd yif tdyf
aysmo
f mG ;±Smw,f?
95
ae@widk ;f oli,fcsif;rsm;u t&ifuvdyk J uAsmpyfq=dk u+yD; aemfcg;apmfudk

awmif,mxJac:oGm;w,f? tjyefrmS vnf; uAsmqd+k y;D aemfcg;apmfujkd yef
ac:oGm;w,f? ae@twef=umvmwJt h cg aemfcg;apmf[m tm;tifuek cf rf;
oGm;vd@k ol@toHwpfjznf;jznf;wd;k 0ifomG ;w,f? aemufyikd ;f ol@toHuo kd l
rsm;r=um;&awmhacs? tJ'ga=umifh ±GmrSm±Sw d v hJ yl sKd tysKd awG[m 0rf;enf;a=u
uGu J s+y;D usi;f tus,}f u;D eJ@t±Snw f pfusi;f udw k ;l +y;D wGi;f xJxif;rsm;xnfh
+y;D rD;±_@d ypfum rD;awmifavmifvmwJt h cg tysKd vlysKd awGtm;vH;k wGi;f xJukd
ckeu f saoypfvu kd w
f ,f? xdjk zpf&yfa=umifh rdbrsm;rSm om;orD;rsm;tukef
vH;k aoqH;k oGm;&ojzifh tvGe0f rf;enf;a=uuGaJ e=uw,f? aemufrmS rdb
rsm;u olw@kdom;orD;rsm;aoqH;k oGm;&wJt h wGuf aemfcg;apmf&rhJ b d rsm;udk
pdwef musn;f ojzifh }u;D av;aomtjypf'g%af y;vdu k af wmhavownf;?
aemfrk (txufwef;ausmif; 3)
96
rmeBu;D aomqif
wpfcgwek ;f uacG;uav;wpfaumif±w dS ,f? ol‹ocif[mqif;&Jwv hJ ,fo

rm;}u;D wpfO;D jzpfw,f? 'Dv,form;[m qif;&JayrJo h ‹l acG;uav;uktd pm
00au|;+y;D oGm;wJah e&mrSeo
f r#uadk c:oGm;w,f? acG;uav;uvJo‹locift
ay:t&rf;opPm±Sw d ,f?
wpfae‹v,form;}u;D aoqH;k oGm;wJt h wGuaf cG;uav;twGufcu kd d;k &m

rJhjzpfoGm;wmaygh? wpfae‹rmS qifwpfaumifeJ‹awG‹+yD;ol‹e‹J aecGiafh wmif;
w,f? 'Dawmhqifu “ig[mcGet f m;}u;D rm;wJt
h wGuo f il ,fcsi;f rvkb d ;l ?
igzmomigwpfa,mufxaJ er,f” vk‹d ajymw,f? acG;uav;utwefwef
awmif;yefayrJqh ifuvH;k 0em;raxmifb;l ?
97
'ga=umifph w
d yf suv f ufysuef ‹J acG;uav;xGuo f mG ;vkud w f ,f? aemufawmh
acG;uav;uus;D wpfaumifudak wG‹+y;D us;D qDrmS tultnDawmif;w,f?
usD;uvJacG;uav;ukdoem;wJt h wGut f wlaezkd‹ciG afh y;vku
d wf ,f? tJ'D
tcsdefup+yD;acG;eJ‹usD;[mpm;twlaomuftwloil ,fcsif;aumif;awG
jzpfomG ;ygawmhw,f? acG;uav;uvJusD;ukdol‹&ht J a=umif;awGtukef
ajymjy+y;D ol‹uEdk ydS pf ufwq
hJ if&t hJ a=umif;awGuvdk aJ jymjzpfomG ;w,f?
usD;[macG;ukdoem;oGm;+yD;b0ifjrifhwJhqifukdoifcef;pmay;zkd‹qHk;jzwf
vdku+f yD;ol&oJh il ,fcsi;f ,ifaumifqDomG ;+yD;tultnDawmif;w,f? acG;
&Jhta=umif;ukv d Jtukev f k;H ajymjyw,f? ,ifaumifuav;uacG;ukdt
&rf;oem;wmayg?h 'ge‹J ow l ‹kd [mqif}u;D uko d ifcef;pmay;zk‹d ppD Of=uw,f?
us;D uef;[mqif&ahJ cgi;f ay:rSmyso H mG ;+y;D acgi;f ukw
d pfae‹eeJ x
J ;kd qdw+f y;D aoG;
rsm;xGuv f mumtemjzpfoGm;wJt h xdxd;k qdwv f udk w
f ,f? qifacgi;f rSm
temjzpfvmwJhtcg,ifaumifutJ'Dtemay:rSmOoGm;O+yD;r=umyg
bl;? temawGay:rSmavmufwu G w f ufvm+y;D temukw d jznf;jznf;udu k f
umrsupf t d xda&mufomG ;wJt h xda&mufomG ;wJt h wGuaf emufrsuv f ;kH
yguef;oGm;w,f?
rsufvHk;uef;oGm;wJhqif[mtpm±Smpm;vkd‹vJr&/ ol‹udkau|;rJholi,f
csif;vJr±Sdv‹dk wpfpwpfpydefcsKH ;oGm;+yD;aemufqk;H rSmtpmiwf+yD;aooGm;
±SmowJ?h
98
todOmPfuif;rJo
h l
wpfcgu ±Gmwpf±mG rSm ajr;tzGm;ESpaf ,muf±w dS ,f? ajr;jzpfo[ l m tvGerf S

ysi;f &d+y;D tdyw f mawmifa=umife@J twlwl rD;zdkacsmifab;em;rSmtdy+f y;D ay
awaewmyJ? wpfae@usawmh oltzGm;udk [if;±Smau|;r,fq+kd y;D awmxJ
0ifomG ;w,f? tJ'ge@J olawm=uufwpfaumif&vmvdk@ 0rf;omtm;&eJ@/
“awm=uufa&/ eifu h ikd gr;kd ay:ypfwufr,f/ tzGm;qDyso H mG ;+y;D tzGm;udck suf
cdik ;f yg” wJ?h tJ'aD e@rmS olawm=uuf[if;udpk m;&rSmrd@k 0rf;omtm;&eJ@ tdrf
udjk yefvmw,f? tdraf &mufawmh tzGm;ud/k “tzGm;a& -- bmcsupf m;vJ”
vd@k ar;awmh tzGm;updww f w
kd ekd @J / “wpfaeukeaf v#mufomG ;ae+y;D iguh jkd yef
vmar; -- bmrSrxGu±f mS pm;yJe@J jyefvmar; -- ae@wikd ;f pm;aeus[if;yJ
pm;&r,f” wJ?h
99
ajr;u/ “tzGm;a&/ awm=uufwpfaumifu&kd vd@k tzGm;qDysv H mcdik ;f w,f/

+y;D awmh csux f m;ESiyhf gv@kd ajymcdik ;f w,f”
tzGm;u/ “'kuyQ aJ jr;a&/ -- awm=uufuakd wG@&if ayguo f wfypf&w,f?
tJ'v D rdk yscH ikd f;&bl;”
aemufwpf&uf oltpmxGu±f mS vmwJt h cg r_rd sm;ayguaf ewmawG@v@kd t

zGm;ajymwJhpum;udo k rl Swx
f m;w,f? tzGm;u awG@w[ Jh mawGukad yguf
owf&r,fv@dk qk+d y;D ol[mwkww f pfacsmif;eJ@ r_dawGuadk =urGatmifvku d f
aygu+f yD; tdru f ,kd jl yefvmcJhw,f? tzGm;udkjyefvmay;wJt h cg tzGm;u/
“ajr;a& -- rd_udk tJ'Dvdkr vkyf&bl;? r_dukdawG@&if E_wf,l&w,f?
'Dvwkd w
k ef @J ±u
kd &f if pm;vdk@r&bl;?”
ajr;u/ “tzGm;ayguo f wfygqv kd @kd u|eaf wmfvaJ yguo f wfwmyg” wJ?h
aemufwpfae@rmS tpmxGu±f mS vmjyefawmh eus,w f pfou

kd u
f kd oGm;awG@
vd@k Ew_ ,f v
l u
kd wf t hJ cg eus,uf ol@ux kd ;kd w,f? 'gayr,fh ol[m eus,rf sm;
ukew f thJ xdqEJG w _ yf pfw,f? +y;D awmh tdru f jkd yefo,fvmw,f? ol@rsuEf mS
vnf;eus,x f ;kd xm;vd@k rsuEf mS wpfjyifv;kH a&mifuikd ;f aewmyJ? ajr;/ “tzGm;
a& -- 'Deus,u f kd u|eaf wmfwk@d csupf m;=u&atmif”
tzGm;/ “ajr;a& -- eus,furdk D;eJ@[yf&w,f” wJ?h
aemufwpf&ufr;kd vif;vmwJt h cg ol[mtpmxGu±f mS jyefw,f? orifwpf

aumifuakd wG@awmh ol[m0rf; omtm;&pGmjzifh rD;eJ@[yfvu kd vf @kd [d;k ta0;
}u;D udk orifxu
G af jy;oGm;w,f? tJ'aD e@rmS olbmrSr&vmcJb h ;l ? ajr;/ “t
zGm;a&/ tzGm;u wpfcck u k akd wG@&ifr;D eJ@[yfygqv
kd @kd u|eaf wmforifukd rD;eJ@
[yfv@kd olta0;}u;D udxk uG af jy;oGm;vd@k u|eaf wmf'aD e@ bmrSr&vmcJb h ;l ”?
100
tzGm;/ “ajr;a& -- orifuakd wG@&if vSeH @J x;kd owf&w,f” vd@k ajr;udak jym
jyw,f?
tJ'v D ykd J aemufwpf&ufa&mufvmjyefawmh oltpmxGu±f mS pm;jyefa&m?

tJ'aD e@rmS wpfaeukeo f mG ;ayrJv
h nf;bmrS±mS pm;vd@k r&bl;? tJ'ge@J oltrd f
jyefvmcJw h ,f? vrf;rSm orife@J ww l t
hJ 0ga&mifwpfcu k akd wG@v@kd olveHS @J x;kd
owfypf+y;D tdru f x kd rf;jyefvmcJw h ,f?
ajr;/ “tzGm;a&/ 'DrmS t0g0g - u|eaf wmfawG@v@kd vHeS @J x;kd owfypfvu kd w
f ,f/
tzGm;csupf m;ygt;kH ”
tzGm;/ “trav;awmf -- ajr;b,fvv kd yk fvku
d w
f mvJ -- 'guakd wG@&if
vuftyk cf s+D y;D xdik ±f cdS ;kd &w,f? oGm;oGm; jrefjrefomG ;ðryfypfvu kd -f -oGm;yg+y/D
tjcm;vlawGigw@kduakd wG@&ifawmh jy\emyJ/ igw@kd ajr;tzGm;ESpaf ,mufukd
owfypfrSm” wJ?h
aemufq;kH rSm ajr;jzpfo[ l m tJ'0D g0guakd jroGm;ðryfypfvu kd w

f ,f? aemuf
wpfae@rmS awmxJomG ;+y;D tpmxGu±f mS jyefw,f? tJ't D cgrmS csKH yw
k x
f rJ mS
usm;wpfaumifuakd wG@v@kd olvuftyk cf s+D y;D xdik ±f cdS ;kd vdu k wf ,f? usm;u[de;f
oHðyvduk af yr,fh usm;ol@ukd cket f yk rf ,fv@kd rxifwt hJ wGuf usm;qDuw kd pf
jznf;jznf;csOf;uyfomG ;w,f? usm;eJ@e;D vmwJhtcg usm;uol@ucdk keftkyf
awmhr,f? olutay:udkrarmh=unfhvk@d usm;ckeftyk rf ,freS ;f olrodbl;?
olusm;a±Sa› &mufawmh usm;udx k ikd ±f cSd ;kd wJt
h csed rf mS yJ usm;uol@uckd ek t f yk f
zrf;pm;+y;D csKH ykwx
f u
J q
kd aJG c:oGm;awmhw,fu, G ?f
apmnmrl; (txufwef;ausmif; 2)
101
EGm;Ekw
Yd pfcu
G &f ahJ us;Zl;
wpfae‹rmS aumvdyaf usmif;om;wpfa,muf[maEG&moDausmif;ydw&f uf
rSmvmrJEh Sprf Smay;rJah usmif;vc&zkd‹twGupf mtkyfawGvudk fa&mif;w,f?
aEG&moDjzpfvd‹k t&dyfcedk m;p&mopfyifawGr±Sdwt Jh jyifwpfae‹v;Hk ajcusif
av#mufae&vk‹d a&vJqmaew,f?
tJ'tD csed frmS yJwt J drfuav;wpfv;Hk ukdawG‹+y;D tdrfwHcg;ukdacgu=f unfw

h hJ
tcgtrd xf rJ mS rde;f uav;wpfa,mufxu G v
f mw,f? oluuav;rav;
ukdpmtkyf0,frvm;ar;awmhtdrfrSmol‹tarr±Sdvkd‹pmtky0f ,fzkd‹aiGr±Sd
a=umif;ajymjyw,f? olu “pmtkyrf 0,f&ifrvdyk gb;l ? orD;ukad &at;at;
wpfcGufawmif;aomufyg&ap” qdk+yD;a&awmif;aomufw,f? aumif
rav;u “a&tpm;EGm;Edk‹at;at;wpfcGufraomufcsib f ;l vm;” vdk‹
ar;+yD;tdraf emufaz;bufoGm;+yD;EGm;Edk‹at;at;wpfcGuf,lvm+yD;aps;
onfuadk y;aomufvu kd w
f ,f?
aps;onfvEJ Gm;Ed‹k at;at;wpfcu

G af omuf&vk‹d a&iwfajy+yD;tm;tif
awGjynfh0vmwJhtwGufred ;f uav;udkaus;Zl;wif+y;D pmtkyfa&mif;zdk‹c&D;
xGucf w
hJ ,f?
&moDEpS faygi;f rsm;pGmausmv

f eG fvmcJ+h yD;wpfae‹rmS rdef;uav;utonf;
toefaeraumif;jzpf+yD;aq;±Hw k ifomG ;vduk wf ,f? a&m*gutonf;t
oefjzpf+yD;uko&wmrvG,fwJhtwGufaq;±Hk (6) vawmifwifxm;&
102
w,f? (6) vjynfv h ‹dk aq;±Hq

k if;&rJah e‹rSmolemjyKq&mruuav;rav;
&Jt
h arqDuvkd m+y;D aq;±Hu
k ek u
f sp&dwpf m&if;ukvd mjyw,f?
rde;f uav;eJ‹tar[mukeu
f sp&dwaf wGu=dk unf+h y;D t&rf;wkev
f e_ o
f mG ;wm
aygh? olwkd‹rSmwpfoufvHk;tvkyfvkyfrS'Dukefusp&dwfawGukdqyfEdkif
rSmr[kwb f ;l ?
'gayrJhtrSwrf xif'Dukeu f sp&dw&f aJh tmufajcrSmvufa&;eJ‹pma=umif;

uav;wpfa=umif;a&;om;xm;wmukdawG‹vu kd f&w,f? 'Dpma=umif;
uav;ukd=unfv h du
k fwm “'Duek u f sp&dwfawGay;p&mrvkdyg/ EGm;Ed‹k at;
at;wpfcu G &f ahJ us;Zl;ukjd yefqyfwmyg” vk‹d a&;xm;wmukt d =hH op&mawG‹
vdkuf&ygw,f? rdef;uav;EGm;Edk‹wdkufvdkufwJhausmif;om;[mtck
q&m0ef}uD;jzpfae+yD;i,fi,fwkef;u'Dq&m0efuqif;&Jvkd‹pmtkyfawG
vkud +f y;D a&mif;pm;&wJah usmif;om;yJayg?h
q&m0ef}uD;uol‹uEdk mG ;Ed‹k at;at;wku d v f u

dk w
f u
hJ av;rav;ukb d ,f
awmhrSrarhbl;? rde;f uav;ukdoGm;+y;D aus;Zl;qyfcsiaf yrJhb,fawmhrt S
cGirhf omcJb
h ;l ? tckawmhorl ed ;f uav;&Jah us;Zl;qyfvku
d f&vk‹d t&rf;0rf;
omyDwjd zpfw,f?
rde;f uav;eJ‹tarvJq&m0ef}u;D eJ‹oGm;awG‹+y;D aus;Zl;wifpum;ajym+yD;

tdru f adk ysm±f i$ pf mG jyefvmcJ=h uw,f?
103
opöm½Sjd cif;\tusKd ;&v'f
vGeaf v+y;D wJt h cgu bk&ifwpfyg;±Sw d ,f? xH;k pHtwdik ;f ol[mwpfa,muf

wnf;yJ awmxGut f rJvdkufavh±dw S ,f? [dkwek ;f u bk&ifawG[mwpf
a,mufwnf;oGm;vm=uw,f? tckEikd if t H }uD;tuJawGvkd touf
tE &W m,fra=umuf&bl;? bk&if[m awmxGuo f mG ;&if; ae@v,freG ;f wnfh
csed af &mufvmawmh a&t&rf;qmvmw,f? 'ga=umifh a&±Sw d ahJ e&mudck uf
cufccJ eJ @J ±mS azG,&l w,f? aemufq;kH rSm a&tdik af v;wpftikd u f kd oGm;awG@
w,f? a&uodyrf =unfb;l ? 'gayr,fh a&iwfw'hJ g%u f kd rcHEikd w
f ma=umifh
a&tdik x f u J a&udk iH@k aomufvu kd w
f ,f? bk&if[m owdrphJ mG jzifh a&udrk sKd cs
vdu k w f thJ csed rf mS a¹raG ygupf av;wpfaumifukd rsKd csro d mG ;w,f?
104
bk&if[m eef;awmfxjJ yefa&mufomG ;ayr,fh ol@0rf;Adu k x f rJ mS a¹raG ygupf

av;wpfaumif±adS ewmudk olrodb;l ? a¹raG ygupf av;[m bk&if0h rf;Adu k f
xJrmS ±Sad ewm raooGm;wJt h jyif vlawG&0hJ rf;Adu k x f rJ mS ±Sw
d hJ wDaumifawG
[m vlpm;wJt h pmawGupkd m;ovdrk sKd ;yJ bk&ifAh ukd xf u J a¹ru G av;vJ bk&if
pm;wJh tpm;tpmawGupk d m;+y;D bk&if0h rf;Adu k x
f rJ mS wpfae@xufwpfae@}u;D
vmw,f? a¹ru G 0rf;Adkux
f rJ mS }u;D vmovdk bk&if&h0J rf;Adu k }f uD;[mvnf;
ud, k 0f efonftwdik ;f yJ ol@0rf;Adu k }f u;D uazmif;um;aew,f? bk&ifuakd wG@
wJh wdik ;f oljynfom;awG[m tJ't D a=umif;udw k ;D wd;k ajymuke=f uvd@k aemuf
qH;k bk&if}u;D qDaygu=f um;vmcJw h ,f? bk&if}u;D [m tJ'o D wif;a=umif0h rf;
enf;a=uuGu J m t&rf;±Suo f mG ;w,f?
wpfae@rSmbk&ifu/ “ESrawmf/ igu h o

k v
dk u
f Hq;kd w,f/ b,fawmhraS ysmuf
oGm;rvJrodb;l ? igAh ukd uf ±d;k ±d;k }u;D vmwm r[kwb f ;l ? wkid ;f oljynfom;awG
Za0Z0gjzpf+y;D ESix
f wk &f if igt±Su}f u;D &r,f? tJ'ga=umifh ESrawmfukd wd;k wd;k
wdww f w
d af jymjycsiw f ,f? igawmxJrmS oGm;yke;f a±Smifaer,f/ igb h 0jzpf
csio
f vdjk zpfygap/ ESrawmfeef;awmfrSm xD;eef;qufc+H y;D wdik ;f oljynfom;
awGukd qufvuftyk cf sKyfomG ;yg” vd@k oŒl rdz&k m;udw k ikd yf ifaqG;aEG;w,f?
rdz&k m;rsu&f nfp;D usvm+y;D / “armifawmfb&k m;eJ@ at;twlyt l r#aer,f/

armifawmfb&k m;udk =unf±h a_ pmifah ±Smufr,f” vd@k b&k ifuakd jymw,f? 'ge@J
bk&ife@J rzd &k m;[m wdik f;oljynfom;awGrodwt Jh csdefrmS wdww f cdk;awm
xGuo f mG ;ovdrk sKd ;xGuo
f mG ;=uw,f? vrf;rSmarmvmvd@k bk&ifuawmify@kd
wpfv;kH udrk +DS y;D c%em;csiw
f ,fv@kdajymw,f? bk&iftyd af ysmo
f mG ;wJt
h cg rdzk
&m;u rvSr;f rurf;rSmapmif=h unfah ew,f?
105
wpfatmif=h umwJt h cg rdz&k m;[m bk&ifph tdrk aS ¹r}G u;D wpfaumifxu G v

f m
wmudk tH=h opGmeJ@awG@vu kd &f w,f? a¹r}G u;D [m tjyifux kd u
G v
f m+y;D yg;[uf
udu
k m;+y;D 0ifºh umG ;pGmeJ@/ “a¹rt G m;vH;k xJrmS igu
h t
H aumif;qH;k yJ/ bk&ifAh u kd f
xJrmS ae+y;D bk&ifpm;wJt h pm;tpmawGukd tukev f ;kH pm;&vd@k 0òz;d aewmyJ”
wJh?
±kww f &ufrmS yJ bk&if}u;D rSx D m;wJah wmify@kdrS a¹rw G pfaumiftjyifux kd u G f

vm+y;D bk&ifAh u
kd xf rJ S xGuv f mwJah ¹ru G /kd “rif;bk&ifAu
kd x
f rJ mS ae+y;D bk&ifrh
pifypJ m;&w,f/ 'Dawmify@kdem;rSm ±Sw d o
hJ pfyif}u;D ta=umif;udk bk&ifoo d mG ;
vd@k uawmh tJ'o D pfacguu f akd oG;+y;D aomuf&if cifAsm;wpfppDjywfxu G o f mG ;
vdrhrf ,f”wJ?h bk&ifAh u kd x
f Ju a¹rGu/ “cifAsm;apmifah ewJhawmify@kd rmS a±$/
aiG&wemawGtrsm;}u;D ±Sw d m bk&if}u;D odomG ;&if olt'J aD wmify@kd uòkd z+d y;D
cifAsm;udvk J owfoGm;r,f/ +yD;awmh tzdk;wefwyhJ pPn;f awG tukev f k;H ,l
oGm;r,f” vd@k a¹rEG pS af umifu jiif;cHak e=u+y;D ol@ae&moljyef0ifomG ;w,f?
rdz&k m;tJ'guo kd &d vdk@ t&rf;0rf;omoGm;w,f? ol@cifyeG ;f awG@&wJh tcuf

tcJvaJ ysmufomG ;r,f? a±$aiG&wemawGv&J vmr,f? olr[m bk&iftyd f
&mEd;k vmwJt h xdapmif+h y;D / “armifawmfb&k m;/ awmify@kd&t hJ em;u opfyifukd
wl;,lyg? tJ'o D pfjrp‡ &f t hJ &nfukd aoG;aomuf&if armifawmfb&k m;cHpm;ae&
wJh a&m*ga0'emawGaysmufomG ;r,f” wJ?h bk&ifu rdz&k m;ajymwmudjk yefr
acsybl;? opfjr‡pfuw dk l;,l+yD; aoG;aomufvku d wf ,f? r=umbl;/ bk&ifh
Adu
k x f u J a¹r[ G m wpfyikd ;f pDjywfxu G of mG ;+y;D bk&ifutJ't D m;vH;k udk rpifpeG @f
ypfvu kd wf ,f? aemufxyf rdz&k m;u awmify@kd xu J ±Sw d ahJ ¹ru G kd owfcikd ;f +y;D
txJu±Sw d &hJ wema±$aiGtm;vH;k ud, k cl ikd ;f w,f? bk&ifuvJ awmify@kduòkdzyd pf
+y;D txJr±S w dS ahJ ¹ru G kd owfypfum a±$aiGtm;vH;k ud, k cl ikd ;f vdu
k wf ,f?
106
bk&if}u;D cHpm;ae&wJah 0'em aysmufuif;oGm;+y;D wJah emufae@csi;f jyefyJ eef;

awmfujkd yefvm+yD; a±$aiG&wemrsm;udo k ,fvmumopPm±Sw d rhJ zd &k m;eJ@t
wlwuGwikd ;f jynfuakd t;csr;f om,mpGm qufvuftyk cf sKyfomG ;awmhw,f?
107
½k;d taomrif;om;av;
a±S;oa&mtcgbk& if}uD;wpfyg;±Sdw,f? bk&if}uD;rSmom;awmfwpf
yg;±Sw
d ,f? 'Dom;awmft±G,af &mufvmwJt h cgb&k if}uD;uom;awmft
wGufOm%fynmeJ‹jynfhpw Hk Jh=uif,mawmfwpfa,muf±Smay;bkd‹pOf;pm;
awmfrw l ,f? 'geJ‹yw
J pfwidk ;f jynfv;kH ±Srd de;f rysKduav;rsm;ukqd ifah c:+y;D rde;f
rysKw
d pfa,mufpu D qdk efEpS jf ynfEiS afh iGig;q,fusyaf y;+yD;ol‹om;awmft
wGuEf pS v
f pmtpm;tpmcsuaf y;zk‹d red ‹f awmfrw l ,f?
tJ'w D idk ;f jynfrmS ajr;tzGm;ESpaf ,muf±wdS ,f? ajr;rav;uolvyk Ef ikd w

f ,fqdk
wJt h a=umif;bk&if}u;D qDciG yhf efw,f? bk&if}u;D uvnf;rde;f ri,fav;ukq d ef
ESpjf ynfEiS ahf iGig;q,fusyaf y;vku d w
f ,f? rde;f rysKu
d qefuw
dk pfae‹pmpDpm;zk‹d
twGucf suf+y;D aiGig;q,fusyfurkd kef‹vyk f+y;D a&mif;pm;zk‹d twGut f &if;t
ES;D tjzpfo;Hk w,f? ESpv f avmuf=umwJt h cgred ;f uav;ubk&ifuq dk efEpS f
jynfEiS ahf iG±pS q f ,fusyjf yefay;w,f? 'Dawmhb&k ifurde;f uav;[mOm%f
ynm eJ‹jynfah =umif;odomG ;w,f?
rde;f uav;[mbk&ifheef;awmfrmS xrif;yk‹d ay;wJt h cgwdik ;f rsuEf Smwpfzuf

ukyd 0k ge‹J z;kH ydwx
f m;avh±w
dS ,f? bk&ifom;awmfuvnf;'Dta=umif;ukrd od
±Smbl;? 'Dawmhb&k if[ h mrde;f uav;uko d &l o
hJ m;awmfe‹J vufqufay;vdu k f
w,f? bk&if}uD;urde;f uav;ukrd zd &k m;}u;D &J, h yfawmifwpfcsyaf y;oem;
awmfrw l ,f? vufxyfxrd ;f jrm;yG+J y;D aemufrif;om;av;&Jah emufygawmf
rsm;urif;om;av;ukd “rif;om;av;cifAsm;rif;om;av;&J=h uif,mawmf
[mtEla&m*gonfjzpfygvrd rhf ,f? bmjzpfv‹dkvq J akd wmh rif;om;av;qDudk
108
xrif;vmyk‹dwidk ;f rsuEf mS ukv

d ufow
k yf 0k ge‹Jt+rt
J yk x
f m; wmawG‹&ygw,f?”
vk‹d av#mufwifawmfrw l ,f?
tJ'aD wmhrif;om;av;uol‹zcrnf;awmftay:trsuaf 'goxGuf+yD;t

a0;okd‹omG ;zkd‹qk;H jzwfvu dk w
f ,f? ol‹&hzJ crnf;awmfudv
k Jt&yfwpfyg;ok‹d
oGm;+y;D ukeu
f ;l cGiahf y;&efav#mufwifw,f?
bk&ifuvnf;0rf;omtm;&eJ‹uek fu;l oGm;cGiahf y;vku d w

f ,f? 'Dawmh
rif;om;av;[mtxkyt f yd;k awGjyifqif+y;D taptyg;awGe‹J twlavS}u;D
wpfcif;eJ‹c&D;xGuv f mcJw
h ,f? 'Dvx dk u
G vf mwmeJ‹yifv,fjyiftwGi;f a&muf
awmhqifawGyifv,fxrJ mS a&upm;aewmukt d a0;uaeawG‹v‹dkoabFm
rmvderf LS ;ukq
d ifawGa±Smif+y;D armif;ygv‹dktrde‹f ay;vku
d w
f ,f?
r=umcifrmS yJ+rKd ‹wpf+rKd ‹uadk wG‹&w,f? 'D+rKd ‹ukyd idk w

f +hJ rdK‹pm;uawmhyifv,f
"g;jywpfO;D ygy?J +rKd ‹om;awGuvlprd ;f awGa&mufvmwmukad wG‹v‹dk+rKd ‹pm;xH
oGm;+y;D oHawmfO;D wif=uw,f? +rKd ‹pm;urif;om;av;eJ‹tzG‹J uv dk rf;rSmbm
wpfckckawG‹cJhovJvkd‹ar;wJhtcgrif;om;av;eJ‹taygif;tygwkd‹ua&
v,facgirf mS a&upm;aewJq h ifawGuadk wG‹a=umif;ajymjyw,f? +rKd ‹pm;u
yifv,fxJrSmb,fqifurSa&qif;upm;rSmr[kwfa=umif;jiif;w,f?
rif;om;av;uvJo‹lrsuaf phe‹Ju, kd w
f idk jf rifcyhJ gw,f? r,H&k if=unfEh idk af =umif;
ajymw,f?
+rKd Œpm;uqifrsm;ukod mG ;r=unfch ifo&l ahJ emufvu dk tf apcHawGupkd ufowf

ay;zk‹d acsmif;ajymw,f? tJ'+D rKd ‹pm;}u;D uoGm;=unfw h thJ cgqifawG[ma&r
upm;yJow l ‹dkbmomolw‹dkae=uwmawG‹wt hJ wGurf if;om;av;eJ‹t zG‹J u
109
ol‹uv dk m+y;D vdrvf nfae=uwmjzpfwt hJ wGupf w

d q
f ;kd a=umif;ajym+y;D ol‹&hJ
u|ecf &H r,fv‹dktrde‹f ay;vku d w
f ,f? 'Dawmhvnf;rif;om;av;eJ‹tzG‹J [m
bmrSrvkyEf ikd yf b
J &k if}u;D &Ju
h |ejf zpfoGm;&ygawmhw,f?
tdrfrSmusef&pfcJhwJh=uif,mawmfuawmhola,musfm;tcuftcJeJ‹
}uHK&wmukdodwJhtwGufola,musfm;aemufukdvdkufzkd‹jyifqifw,f?
ol[mppfonfawmfw‹dk &Jht0wfwefqmyvmuk0d wfqifwJhtwGufol‹
ukdtm;vHk;uppfol}uD;vkd‹ac:=uw,f? 'geJ‹yJol[maemufvkduftap
tyg;awGeJ‹twlavSeJ‹c&D;xGufcJhw,f? 'DvkdeJ‹yJa&v,fa&mufawmh
aemufvu kd af emufom;awGua&v,frSmqif}u;D awGawG‹a=umif;ajym
jyw,f? 'ge‹J ppfo}l u;D vJta0;=unfrh eS b
f v D ;l ukx
d wk +f y;D =unfv
h u
dk +f y;D aemuf
vku
d af emufom;rsm;ukad ±Sq › uf+y;D oGm;ckid ;f w,f?
qifawG±dwS Jhae&ma&mufwht J cga&ikyfwwfwJhol‹&Jhaemufvdu k faemuf

om;wk‹d udak &xJiyk x
f m;+yD;a=u;eef;}udK;awGujkd zwfcikd ;f w,f? 'DvkdeJ‹c&D;
qufawmhoal ,musmf ;u|et f jzpftzrf;cHxm;&wJ+h rKd ‹uadk &mufvmw,f?
'Dawmh+rKd ‹pm;qDut kd cpm;0ifwt

hJ cg+rdK‹pm;u “vrf;rSmbmawGawG‹chJ
ovJ” vk‹d ar;w,f? ppfo}l u;D u “bmrStaxGtxl;rawG‹ygb;l ” vk‹d jyef
ajymw,f? +rKd ‹pm;u “rawG‹b;l qkw d mr[kwEf ikd bf ;l / vlwidk ;f uvrf;rSmqif
awGtrsm;}u;D awG‹w,f” ppfo}l u;D u “bmrSrawG‹b;l ” vd‹k twdtvif;
jyefajymvk‹d +rKd ‹pm;utwlomG ;=unfzh ‹kd zw
d af c:w,f? 'Dvo dk mG ;=unfwh thJ cg
qifawGwpfaumifrrS awG‹&yJopfw;Hk awGaygavmarsmaewmukyd JawG‹&
w,f?
110
naeapmif;a&mufawmh+rKd ‹pm;}uD;uppfo}l uD;[mrdef;rwpfa,mufjzpf

w,fv‹kd oHo,0ifrw d ,f? 'gha=umifo h ‹l wynfah wGudak c:+yD;ppfol}u;D ukd
yef;jcHxJac:oGm;+y;D vSywJhyef;rsK;d pHak wGav#mufjyckdif;w,f? wpfu,fvd‹k
ppfo}l u;D urde;f rjzpf&ifyef;awGu}dk uKd ufrmS bJjzpfv‹dkajymw,f?
'gupdk pfo}l uD;u+rdK‹pm;}uD;ajymwmukad csmif;em;axmifz‹dk vw $ v

f u
kd w
f hJ
omvdumiSuu f =um;vk‹d ppfo}l u;D ukt
d a=umif;pHjk yefvmajymjyw,f?
reufrk;d vif;csed af &mufawmh+rKd ‹pm;}uD;&Jw h ynfah wGuppfo}l u;D &Jhtaygi;f

tygawGuydk ef;jcx H aJ c:oGm;+y;D ae&mtEHŒS av#mufjyw,f? +rKd ‹pm;}u;D utvS
qH;k yef;wpfyiG hu
f d,k +l yD;ppfo}l u;D ukad y;vku
d w
f ,f? ppfo}l uD;uyef;ukpd dwf
r0ifpm;ovkd,l+yD;ajr}uD;ay:ukdypfcsvkduf+yD;ajcaxmufeJ‹eif;ajcypf
vku
d w f ,f?
naeykid ;f a&mufawmh+rdK‹pm;}uD;uol‹&w hJ ynfah wGeJ‹jyefvmwkid fyifw,f?

omvdumiSuu f av;uvJ+rKd ‹pm;}u;D &Jt
h }utH pnftm;vH;k ukjd yefvmajym
jyw,f?
reufydik f;a&mufawmh+rdK‹pm;}uD;a&mufvm+yD;ppfol}uD;udak wmxJtrJ

vkduo f Gm;zk‹d ac:oGm;w,f? 'Dvedk J‹wpfae‹v;kH bmrSrpm;&bJawmvku
d =f u
w,f? naeapmif;a&mufawmh+rKd ‹pm;}u;D uppfo}l u;D ukd “wpfae‹v;kH xrif;
rpm;&wmrqmbl;vm;ppfo}l u;D ” vk‹d ar;awmh ppfo}l u;D u “u|Efyk w f ‹dk
wkdif;jynfrmS ppfrufawGeJ‹&ifqikd f&wJhtcgwpfywfvk;H xrif;rpm;&wm±Sd
w,f? 'Davmufawmhtaygyh ”J vk‹d jyefajzw,f?
111
aemufwpf&ufrmS awmh+rKd ‹pm;}u;D u+rKd ‹&ahJ ±$aiG&wemawGupkd pfo}l u;D wk‹d

oabFmay:rSmoGm;0Sux f m;+y;D reufr;dk vif;wJth cgaysmufomG ;wJah ±$aiG&
wemawGuo dk mG ;±Sm[efaqmif+y;D ppfo}l u;D eJ‹taygi;f tygawGtm;vH;k uko d l
ck;d rsm;vk‹d pw
G pf +JG yD;u|ejf yKr,fvd‹k aqG;aEG;ajymqkd=uw,f? 'Dta=umif;awG
tm;vH;k ukid u S u f av;u=um;+y;D ol&o hJ cifujdk yefajymw,f?
'ga=umifph pfo}l u;D uol&o hJ abFm (14) pD;ay:urmvderf LS ;eJ‹aemufvu dk t

f
aygi;f tygawGuadk c:+y;D oabFmpufawGaumif;aumif;jyif+y;D pufqaD wGudk
vHvk kaH vmufavmufjznfah y;zk‹d rSmw,f? ntcsed af &mufv‹kd +rKd ‹pm;}u;D &Jh
tapcHawG&wemawGxrf;vm+yD;oabFmawGay:rSmvmxnfhwmukd
tarSmifxJrSm=unfhaew,f? vlawG&wemawGvmxrf;ykd‹+yD;oabFm
atmufjyefqif;wJt h cgow l ‹dk[moabFm (14) pD;pvH;k wpf+yKd iw
f nf;armif;
xGu+f y;D +rKd ‹uaexGuaf jy;=uwmayg?h
rif;om;av;vJxGufajy;vmwJo h abFmwpfpD;ay:rSmygvmw,f? vrf;

wpf0ufa&mufawmh ppfo}l u;D uol&chJ ifyeG ;f onfrif;om;av;qDuo kd mG ;+y;D
“rdwaf qGw‹dk wpfawG'eD m;rSmc&D;wpfaxmufem;=uwmayg?h oGm;csiw f ahJ e
&mukdoGm;+yD;'DrSmjyefvmqHk=uwmaygh” vkd‹ajym+yD;xGufcmG oGm;w,f?
ppfo}l u;D utdrw f pftrd u
f adk wG‹+y;D tdr±f iS u f 'kd *g;F jym;wpf&may;+y;D tdrrf mS wpf
ntdyzf ‹dk tcGiahf wmif;wJt h wGut f rd ±f iS uf oabmwl+y;D ol‹trd u f Xdk g;vdu k f
w,f? 'Dawmhppfo}l uD;vJrdef;rt0wftpm;awGvJ+y;D tdrfay:rSmxkid af e
w,f?
r=umcifrmS yJrif;om;av;utdref m;a&mufvmawmhppfo}l u;D wjzpfvo J ‹l

rde;f ru “tarmifb,fo‹l u±dk mS aewmvJ” rif;om;u “u|Eyfk &f rhJ w
d af qG
112
wpfa,mufud±k Smaewmyg” vk‹d jyefajymw,f? 'geJ‹red ;f uav;u “tdrf

ay:wuf+yD;a&aomuftem;,l/ ,if;rdwaf qGuadk pmifhEikd yf gw,f?” vkd‹
tdraf y:wufz‹dk zw
d af c:+y;D a&at;at;wpfcu G ef ‹J {nfch w
H ,f? aemuf+y;D tdrf
&Jah xmifw
h pfaxmifrh mS oGm;xkid +f y;D r*Fvmaqmifwek ;f ubk&ifuay;wJ, h yf
awmifrif;om;av;uk, d yfcwfjyw,f?
rif;om;av;uvnf;acsmarmvSy+yD;oabmxm;aumif;wJhred ;f rysKd ukd

wpfcsufwpfcsucf d;k =unfh+y;D ,yfawmifut kd rSwfrxifawG‹oGm;um,yf
awmifta=umif;ar;=unfah wmhrrS ed ;f rysKd [mol‹&=hJuif,mawmfreS ;f odomG ;
w,f? ol‹uu dk ,fwifcw hJ phJ pfo}l u;D ub,foql w
kd mukv d o J o d mG ;w,f? 'g
a=umif0h rf;om;tm;&eJ‹o‹l &=hJ uif,mawmfuzdk ufvu dk w
f thJ wGuo f ‹l w‹dk &hJ
aemufvdu k ftapcHawGuawG‹v‹kd 0rf;omtm;&eJ‹vufcw k w f ;D =uw,f?
rif;om;av;&Jt h aygi;f tygawGuvJbrk odbrode‹J tjzpfreS u f adk emufro S d
oGm;w,f?
'geJ‹owl d‹k [mzcrnf;awmf&hwJ idk ;f jynfujkd yefomG ;+yD;crnf;awmfewf±mG pH

wJth cgeef;wufp;dk pH+y;D toufxufq;Hk aysmf±i$ pf mG aexdik fomG ;=uawmho
wJu
h , G ?f
113
ud,
k u
hf ,
kd u
f t
kd xifrBu;D MuygeJU
wpfcgu awmtky}f u;D wpftyk x f rJ mS wd&p>mefaygi;f pHak exdik =f uw,f?

wd&p>mefawGxrJ mS tjcm;wd&p>mefawGe@J rwl wpfrx l ;l jcm;wJh wd&p>mefo;kH
aumifuawmh qif/ arsmufe@J Z;D uGurf sm;jzpfw,f? tJ't D xJrmS qifu/
“ig[m'Dawmtky}f u;D xJrmS tiftm;t}u;D qH;k yJ? igx h uftiftm;}u;D wJo h l
r±Sad wmhb;l ” vd@k o@l u,
kd o
f *l %k , f 0l ifºh umG ;pGmajymw,f? t&rf;vJrme}u;D
wJq
h ifjzpfw,f? awmxJrmS arsmufav;wpfaumifv±J w dS ,f? ol[mt
aumifao;ayr,fv h nf; ud, k uhf , kd uf akd wmfw,fwwfq,fq+kd y;D b0ifjrifh
aew,f? wpfae@rmS qif}u;D [marsmufqu D okd mG ;+y;D avmif;=uw,f? qif
}u;D uarsmufu/kd “ig[mtiftm;t}u;D qH;k yJ/ 'DawmxJrmS igx h uftiftm;
114
}u;D wJo
h ±l adS o;&Jv
h m;” vd@k arsmufuakd jymawmh arsmufvt J nHrh cHb;l ? 'geŒJ
olw@kd EpS af umif[m ZD;uGuq f oD mG ;+y;D 'Dupd u
P pkd &D ifq;kH jzwfay;zd@k awmif;cH
=uw,f? ZD;uGuq f aD &mufomG ;awmh olw@kdu ZD;uGuu f t kd usKd ;ta=umif;
ajymjyvdu k wf ,f?
ZD;uGu[ f m ta=umif;pHu k o kd o
d mG ;&+y;D wJah emuf ynm±S±d edS @J Z;D uGu}f u;D u
qife@J arsmufukd jrpfwpfzufurf;rSm±Sw d ahJ nmifo;D udk wpfa,mufwpfv;kH pD
oGm;cl;cdik ;f vdu
k w
f ,f? qife@J arsmuf[m 'Danmifo;D ud&k zd@k twGuf jrpf}u;D udk
jzwfu;l oGm;&rSmjzpfw,f? olw@kd EpS af umif[m jrpfurf;ab;em;rSma&muf
awmh qiftwGuf jrpf}u;D udjk zwfu;l oGm;zd@k rcJ,Of;ayr,fh arsmufujrpf}u;D
udjk zwfu;l oGm;zd‹k tcuftcJóuaH wG@&w,f? arsmufa&ul;rwwfreS ;f qif}u;D
uodojzif/h “rdwaf qGa&/ ryle@J / igth ay:rSmwufp;D oGm;/ rif;udw k pfzufurf;
rSmul;yd@k r,f” vd@k ajymw,f?
xdt
k cgarsmuf[m 0rf;omtm;&eJ@ qif}u;D ay:wufp;D +y;D jrpf}u;D udjk zwfu;l
oGm;=uw,f? jrpf&w hJ pfzuf urf;udak &mufomG ;wJt h cg anmifyif}u;D wpfyif
udo
k wl @kdawG@&w,f? anmifo;D u trsm;}u;D yJ? 'gayr,fh qif}u;D crsmopf
yifrwufwwfv@kd ol@twGuf tcufóuaH ew,f? 'gayr,fh arsmufuanmif
oD;awGukd awG@v@kd o@l twGut f cuftcJr±Sv d @kd 0rf;omtm;&eJ@ qif}u;D ud/k
“rdwaf qGa&/ bmrSryle@J ? igt h wGut f cuftcJr±Sb d ;l ” vd@k ajym+y;D anmifo;D
udwk pfv;kH pDc;l ay;+y;D ZD;uGuqf uD jkd yefvmcJ=h uw,f?
olwk@d ZD;uGuqf jD yefa&mufvmwJhtcg qife@J arsmuf[m olw@kd omG ;cJ&h wJh

vrf;c&D;udak jymjyvd@k ZD;uGuu f ynm±Spd mG eJ@ow
l @kd ukd “ avmu}u;D rSmt
ouf±iS af exdik w
f m ud, k uhf ,
kd tf xifr}u;D =ueJ@/ ud, k u hf ,
kd u
f v
kd J txifr
115
ao;=ueJ@? ud,k ahf e&meJ@u,kd f wpfO;D eJ@wpfO;D pnf;vH;k nD!w G rf ±_ &dS if ud, k vf kd
csiw
f t
hJ &mtm;vH;k udk tukev f ;kH &Edik w
f ,f” vd@k ow
l @kdEpS af umifv;kH udk oGef
oifq;kH rvdu
k wf ,f? tJ't D csed uf p+y;D qif}u;D eJ@arsmuf[m ud, k u hf ,
kd uf kd
b,fawmhrt S xifr}u;D =uawmhb;l ?
apmt,fem'dpk ;kd (E.V)
116
b,focl eG t
f m;t½Sq
d ;kH vJ
a±S;a±S;wke;f ujcaoFw
h pfaumif±w Sd ,f? wpfae‹a&tkdiw
f pftidk frS a&qif;
aomufw,f? a&tkid ef m;uzm;uav;wpfaumif±+dS y;D zm;uav;u=um
±Guwf pf±u
G af y:rSmxkid af ew,f?
zm;uav;u “[Jt h oifjcaoFb h mvk‹d u|Eyfk u

f rdk xDav;pm;jyK+y;D u|Eyfk af &
tkid rf mS a&vmaomuf&wmvJ” vd‹k ar;w,f? jcaoFu h “ig[
h mrif;jzpfw,f?
igx
h ufceG ftm;}u;D wJv h rl ±Sb
d ;l qkw
d mrif;rodb;l vm;/ igu h db
k mrSvmajym
p&mrvdb k ;l ” vk‹d jyefajymw,f?
zm;uav;uvnf; “ig[mzm;bk&ifjzpfw,f? 'Dtdik }f uD;ukdigyidk w f ,f?

'Dtikd u
f a&awGub kd ,forl rS aomuf&bl;” vk‹d jyefajymwJt h wGufjcaoFh
updwfq;kd +yD;toHuke[ f ed f;a[mufvu kd fw,f? zm;uav;ujcaoFh[ed ;f
a[mufvu dk w
f meJ‹a&atmufuidk yk q f if;oGm;w,f? 'Dvedk ‹J jcaoFu
h atmf
vkud zf m;uikyv f u
dk ef ‹J jcaoFrh [de;f a[muf&ifzm;u=um±Guaf y:rSmjyefxidk f
vdu
k +f y;D rav;rcef‹e‹J jcaoFrh suEf mS udjk yef=unfvh ukd w
f ,f?
jcaoFhut}uD;tus,af 'goxGu+f yD;toHuek f[ed f;a[mufvu

kd w
f t
hJ
wGuvf nfyif;uG+J y;D aoqH;k ygava&mwJ?h
117
yifv,fa&bmaMumifih &H ovJ
wpfcgu wdik ;f jynfwpfjynfrmS bk&if}u;D wpfyg;±Sw

d ,f? ol@rmS tvGeaf csmwJh
orD;ysdKav;wpfa,muf±dw S ,f? tJ'Drif;orD;av;[m tvGefpdwfxm;
aumif;w,f? wdik ;f oljynfom;awGtay:vJ tvGeo f em;wwfv@kd vlwikd ;f u
ol@uckd sp=f uw,f? bk&ifo
h rD;rSm tvGeaf umufusppf Of;vJwhJ tapcHrav;
wpfa,muf±w dS ,f?
wpfae@rmS bk&ifo h rD;qDukd vlwpfa,mufa&mufvmw,f? ol@rmS xl;qef;

wJah usmufqw kH pfcv
k yJ gw,f? bk&ifo h rD;a±Sa› &mufwht J cg bk&ifo
h rD;u
ar;w,f? “toif/ bmudp±P ydS govJ? u|erf oifu h kd bmulnD ay;&rSmvJ?”
+y;D awmh/ “td;k --ausmufqt kH }u;D }u;D vJ ygwmbJ?” tJ't D cg/ “bk&ifoh rD;
ud'k aD usmufqkH vufaqmifay;csiv f @kdyg? 'Dausmufq[ kH m tvGex f ;l qef;yg
118
w,f? bmyJvv dk dk ol@ukad wmif;&if oltukefay;Edkiw

f ,f?” vdk@tJ'v
D u
l
jyefajymvdu
k w
f ,f? “td;k --toifu h kd aus;Zl;wifvukd w
f m?”
aemufwpfae@rmS bk&ifo h rD;u wdik ;f oljynfom;tm;vH;k udk ac:+y;D “uJtck

rif;wdk@ukid g “qm;” vufaqmifay;r,f/ vm,l=u” vdk@ajym+yD;awmh
ausmufqu kH kd “uJow l @kd twGuq f m;awG xkwaf y;vdu k yf gt;kH ” ajymvdu
k f
w,f? bmjzpfv@kdvq J akd wmh tJ'aD cwfrmS qm;tvGe±f mS ;yg;w,f? qm;0,f
zdk@ta0;}uD;oGm;&w,f? aps;vJt&rf;}u;D w,f? tJ't D cgrmS wdki;f oljynf
om;tm;vH;k u bk&ifo h rD;qDrmS 0rf;ajrmuf0rf;omqm;vm,l=uw,f?
ausmufqu kH vnf; qm;awGukd vdo k avmufxw k af y;aew,f? tJ't D csed f
rSm aumufuspw f thJ apcHrav;u pOf;pm;vdu k w
f ,f? “tif;--qm;awGtJ
avmufaps;}u;D wm rif;orD;uvlawGut kd vum;ay;aew,f? tJ'gawGukd
om a&mif;vdu k &f if ydu k q f t
H rsm;}uD;&rSm/ td-k -igomtJ'aD usmufqku H kd
&&ifcsr;f om+yD; olaX;jzpf+y”D wJ?h
aemufwpfae@naerSm aumufuspw f thJ apcHrav;[m bk&ifo h rD;&Jt h cef;

xJuw kd w
d wf wd u f av;0ifomG ;+y;D tJ'x D ;l qef;wJah usmufqu kH kd cd;k ,lvukd f
w,f? +y;D awmh yifv,fzufukd xGuaf jy;oGm;w,f? olu “tif; --ig'aD vS
eJ@ xGuaf jy;oGm;&if b,forl iS gu h jkd rif&rSmr[kwb f ;l ?” [kq+kdy;D avSay:wuf
avSavSm+f y;D xGuaf jy;oGm;a&m? avSay:a&mufawmh “[m;--[m;--[m;
igoal X;jzpf+yu
D ?G igcsr;f om+yu
D ?G uJausmufq}kHu;D igu h t
kd ckcsucf si;f qm;awG
xkwaf y;prf;” vd@k ajymvdu k wf ,f?
xdt
k cg ausmufq}kH u;D uvJ pdwwf w
kd ekd @J qm;awGtrsm;}u;D xkwaf y;vdu k f
w,f? r=umcifrmS yJ avS}u;D [m qm;eJ@jynfo h mG ;w,f? tJ't
D csed rf mS tap
119
cHrav;u ausmufq&Hk yfomG ;zd@k bmudak jym&rvJrodb;l jzpfaew,f? ol

[ma=umufvaJ =umufw,f? avS}u;D u ESpo f mG ;awmhrmS ud;k ? “trav;
--u,f=uygt;kH / trav;--u,f=uygt;kH ” vd@k baJ tmfaew,f?
aemufq;kH rSm avS}u;D [m ESpðf ryfomG ;+y;D tapcHrav;uvJa&ESpv f @kdaoqH;k

oGm;±Smw,f? ausmufqu kH vkd &J yfawmhv@kd b,forl rS ajymvd@k tckxufxd
yifv,fxrJ mS qm;awGxw k af y;aew,f? tJ'ga=umifh yifv,fa&}u;D [m
iHaewmygy?J
120
ynm½S,
d ek u
f av;
a±S;a±S;wke;f uzseH ‹J ajracG;wk‹d [moli,fcsi;f awGjzpf=uw,f? 'Doil ,fcsi;f

ESpaf ,muf[mwpfaumife‹J wpfaumiftvGecf sp=f uw,f? wpfae‹jrpfurf;
ab;rSmvrf;av#mufaewke;f ajracG;uig;wpfaumifawG‹v‹dk zsu H a&xJqif;
oGm;+y;D ig;uko
d mG ;zrf;vkud wf ,f?
'ge‹J ESpfaumifpvHk;u'Dql+zdK;wJih g;uolydpk m;oifhw,f/ igypdk m;oifhw,f

vk‹d tjiif;tcHkjzpf+y;D &efjzpf=uw,f? 'guakd wG‹wzJh ;kd ZD;uGuu
f 'Doil ,fcsi;f
ESpaf umif&efrjzpfz‹kd ,ek yf nm±Sud b dk ,foul ykpd m;oifw h ,fqw
dk mqH;k jzwf
ay;zd‹k omG ;ac:&r,fv‹kd ajym+y;D ,keyf nm±Sud odk mG ;ac:w,f?
121
,keyf nm±Su d ta=umif;pHu k adk r;jref;+y;D "g;rwpfacsmif;uk, d +l y;D acgi;f rSae+y;D

t+r;D txdxufjcrf;cGaJ y;vku d +f y;D wpfa,mufwpf0ufpaD y;vku d +f y;D aemuf
aemifwGif&efrjzpf=uyg&efrSm=um;vku d +f yD;xGufcGgomG ;w,f? oli,fcsif;
ESpaf umifuvJig;ukrd #wpGmykid ;f ay;wJ, h ek yf nm±Sud adk us;Zl;wif+y;D a±S;uvkd
oifw h ifrh #wpGmeJ‹cspcf spcf ifcifaygi;f oif;aexkid o f mG ;=uowJ?h
122
aus;nDaemif
a±S;oa&mtcguaus;nDaemifEpS af umif±dwS ,f? olwd‹k [mwpfaumife‹J

wpfaumiftvGecf sp=f uw,f? wpfae‹rmS avjyif;rkew
f ikd ;f usv‹kd aus;iSuf
uav;ESpaf umif[mwpfaumifeJ‹wpfaumifu+GJ yD;avrkew f idk ;f eJ‹twlyg
oGm;w,f?
aus;iSuft}u;D wpfaumifuolc;kd "g;jyrsm;±S&d mvGiphf ifomG ;+yD;"g;jyrsm;u

aumuf,al rG;pm;vku d wf ,f? aus;iSuu f av;uvJ"g;jyrsm;oGm;av&m
vku
d f+yD;"g;jyrsm;ajymovkdvdu k af jymw,f? wpfcgwpf&o H pfyifxufrmS ysH
oef;+y;D c&D;oGm;rsm;udq
k qJ +kd y;D c&D;oGm;rsm;tvpfwiG yf pPn;f rsm;ck;d ,lwwf
w,f?
aus;iSut f i,fwpfaumifubk&m;ausmif;wpfausmif;rSmoGm;+y;D jyKwu f s

wht
J wGut f oif;tkyq f &mwpfa,mufuaumuf,al rG;pm;vku d w f ,f?
aus;iSut f i,fuvJtoif;tkyq f &m}u;D oDcsi;f qkw
d t
hJ wkid ;f oDcsi;f vdu
k qf /dk
bk&m;±Scd ;dk wJt
h wkid ;f vku
d ±f cdS ;dk +y;D ,Ofaus;odraf rG‹pmG pum;ajymwwfw,f?
123
wpfae‹rmS iSuu f av;ESpaf umift±G,af &mufvm+y;D awmxJrmS yso H mG ;+y;D u

pm;aewJt h csed w
f pfaumife‹J wpfaumifawG‹+yD;nDtpfudrk eS ;f odv‹dk 0rf;om
oGm;wmayg?h aus;iSuif ,futpfu}dk u;D udrk aumif;wmawGu&yfwef;u
&yfygv‹dk ajymcsiaf yrJt
h }u;D aumifuody+f y;D em;raxmifcsib f ;l ?
wpfae‹rmS awmxJuadk vaoewfuikd w f m;wJrh q

k ;kd wpfa,muf0ifvmw,f?
'guidk u
S Ef pS af umifpvH;k uawG‹v‹dkxu G af jy;oGm;=uw,f? rkq;dk uvJiu
S Ef pS f
aumifyso H ef;oGm;wJah emufuv kd ukd wf ,f?
iSufti,fuav;wpfaumifut}uD;wpfaumifukd “tpfuakd &quf

omajy;yg? rkq;kd u|eaf wmfw‹kdaemufuq
dk ufvu
dk af ew,f?” vk‹d ajymw,f?
ol&Jhtpfukdu “nDa&tpfukdrajy;Edkifawmhbl;/ 'DrSmc%av;em;=u&
atmif” vk‹d ajymw,f?
'Dvedk ‹J EpS af umifom;opfuikd ;f wpfuikd ;f ay:rSmqif;ouf+y;D em;aewmayg?h

rkq;dk vJopfyifatmufrmS a&mufvma&m/ t}u;D aumifuopfuikd ;f ajcmuf
wpfuidk ;f ay:udw k ufeif;vduk vf ‹kd opfuidk ;f ajcmufurkq;dk &Jah cgi;f ay:ukjd yKwf
usomG ;w,f? rkq;dk utay:uk=d unfv h u dk af wmhaus;nDaemifEpS af umifukd
awG‹wt Jh wGuaf vaoewfucdk sed fvu dk w f ,f? nDi,fuwd‹k ajy;rSjzpfawmh
r,fv‹dkajym&if;qk&d if;ysw H ufomG ;ayrJt h }u;D aumifuopfuikd ;f ajcmufxu J dk
ajcaxmuf0ifvd‹k b,fv±dk ek ;f ±ke;f rvGwaf wmhyJrkqk;d }uD;&Jah vaoewfrSef
vk‹d aoqH;k oGm;&wmayg?h iSuu f av;uol‹tpfuu kd =kd unf+h y;D 0rf;enf;pGmid,
k kd
umol‹&o hJ cifoif;tkyqf &m}u;D ±S&d myso H mG ;w,f? oif;tkyq f &muvnf;
iSufuav;ukd0rf;om;tm;&eJ‹t+yD;tydkiaf umuf,al rG;pm;vdu k fawmh
w,f?
124
,keu
f av;
wpfcgwkef;u awmtkyf}u;D wpftyk x f rJ Sm wd&p>mefrsKd ;pHkaexdik =f uw,f?

tJ'rD mS ,kerf }u;D wpfaumifv±J dS w,f? ol@rmS om;uav;ESpaf umif±w dS ,f?
om;t}u;D u t&rf;vdrmR +y;D rdbpum;udt k +reJ m;axmifw,f? om;ti,f
uawmh t&rf;udq k ;kd w,fw?hJ rdbpum;udk b,fawmhrS em;raxmifb;l ?
wpfae@usawmh ,ket f ar}u;D u ol@om;av;ESpaf umifuakd c:+y;D “uJ-om;
av;wd@k tarrif;wd@k twGuf tpm±SmxGurf ,f -- b,frrS oGm;=ueJ@aemf
--tjyifrmS wd&p>meftaumif}u;D }u;D awG±w dS ,f -- rif;wd@k ukd udu
k pf m;vdrhf
r,f ” vd@k rmS +y;D awmh tpm±Smzd@k xu
G o
f Gm;w,f?
om;t}u;D aumifuawmh t&rf;vdrmR vd@k ol@tarajymwJt
h wdik ;f tdrx
f rJ mS
bJaeaew,f? om;ti,fuawmh “[if; --bmjzpfv@kd tjcm;wd&p>mefukd
125
a=umuf&rSmvJ” qd+k y;D awmh tarpum;udek m;raxmifbJ tjyifux

kd u
G f
oGm;w,f?
,keu f av;[m av#mufomG ;&if;eJ@ rkev f mO+cw H pf+cuH akd &mufomG ;w,f?
rkev f mOyifawGu pdrf;pdak eawmh ,keu f av;u t&rf;pm;csio f mG ;w,f?
+y;D awmh wdww
f w d u f av;+cxH u J 0kd ifomG ;+y;D rkevf mOawGukd tm;&yg;&pm;
aevdu k w
f ,f? +y;D awmh ol@uokd l “[m; -- [m; -- [m; -- ig[mt&rf;
awmfwmbJ–ig[ h m igtpm±Smpm;wwf+yD -- taru igu h t
kd &rf;txif
ao;wmbJ/ tckawmh igb,fo@l urkd t S m;ud;k p&mrvdb k ;l ” qd+k y;D awmh tm;
yg;w&&,farmvdu k wf ,f?
,ketf i,faumif[m rkev f mOudk 0atmifpm;+y;D awmh tdru f jkdyefvmw,f?

tdraf &muf+y;D r=umcifrmS yJ ol@taruvJ jyefa&mufvmw,f? +y;D awmh
“uJ – om;wd@k a&/ tarpm;p&mawG,v l mw,f – vm=uvm=u” vd@k ac:
vdkuw f ,f? tJ'Dtcsed frmS om;ti,faumifu “tara&/ om;odyfaer
aumif;vd@k rpm;csib
f ;l ” vd@k vrd af jymvdu k wf ,f? wu,fwrf;awmh olrek f
vmOawG trsm;}u;D pm;xm;vd@k Adu k jf ynfah ewmud;k / ol@pw d xf rJ mS vJ “tar
,lvmwJt h pm;tpmawGuvJ 'Dae@ig+h cx H rJ mS pm;cJw
h hJ rkev
f mOawGavmufr
aumif;ygb;l uGm” vd@k ajymw,f?
tJ'n
D rSmbJ rkev f mO+cyH ikd ±f iS }f u;D u ol@+cxH rJ mS av#muf=unfah wmh rkev f mO
tyifawGukd taumifpm;xm;wmawG@vu kd w f ,f? +cyH ikd ±f iS u
f “igrek v
f mO
awGuk d taumifawG0ifpm;oGm;wmbJ – bmtaumifawGvmpm;oGm;wm
vJu”G vd@k ajym&if; ab;ywf0ef;usiu f =kdunfv h u kd af wmh “ =o -- ,keaf jc&m
awGygvm;/ 'D,keaf wGord ,f” vd@k }udr;f armif;+y;D tJ'aD e&mem;rSm ,kef
axmifacsmufaxmifxm;vdu k w f ,f?
126
aemufwpfae@rmS ,ket f ar}u;D u cgwikd ;f vdbk J ol@om;awGuakd c:+y;D “om;

wd@k tjyifrxGu=f ueJ@aemf – tE &W m,f±w dS ,f – tarawmh tpm±SmxGuf
r,f” vd@k ajym&if; xGuo f mG ;w,f? qd;k wJoh m;i,fav;[m ol@pw d x f JrmS
“tar±SmvmwJt h pm;tpmawGraumif;ygb;l --rae@uigomG ;cJw h hJ rkevf m
O+cu H okd mG ;tk;H rS” vd@k ajym+y;D ol@taroGm;+y;D wJah emufrmS olvrJ ae@uoGm;
wJ+h cx
H u J kd oGm;zd@k xu
G v f mw,f?
,keif ,fav;[mrkev f mOawGukd awG@wt hJ cg tm;&0rf;omeJ@cek af jy;wJt h

csed rf mS axmifacsmufxuJ kd rdomG ;w,f? ,keaf v;[m bmrSvyk v f @kd r&awmh
bJ “tara& -- om;udu k ,fygt;Hk ” vk@d bJ t}urd }f udraf tmfaew,f? 'g
ayr,fh ol@twGuf aemufusomG ;+y/D tarpum;udk em;raxmifcw hJ o
hJ m;
av;'kuaQ wG@+yaD yg?h
na&mufwt hJ cg +cyH ikd ±f iS }f u;D u +cx

H u J akd &mufvmw,f? tJ't D csed rf mS bJ
axmifacsmufrad ewJ, h ek u f av;udk awG@vu kd w
f ,f? +y;D awmh “ igrh ek v
f mO
awGukcd ;dk pm;wJhtaumifr+d yD” qd+k yD;awmh ol@tyd fxJu"g;}u;D udk xkwf+y;D
axmifacsmufujkd zwfvku d fw,f? +y;D awmh,ek u f av;udk tdrf,ljyefoGm;
w,f? ,keu f av; [mrsu&f nfawGus+y;D aemifw&ayr,fh bmrSvyk v f @kdr
&awmhb;l ? +cyH ikd ±f iS }f u;D [m ol@trd u f jkd yefa&mufwt hJ cg ,keu
f av;udo k wf
+y;D csupf m;awmhw,f? 'gayr,fh tarpum;udek m;axmifwhJ om;t}u;D
uawmh bm'kurQ Sra&mufb;l ayg?h
127
ighO;D xkyaf wGb,frmS vJ
wpfae‹O;D xkyaf &mif;wJv h wl pfa,muf[mOD;xkytf jynfx

h nfx
h m;wJt
h w
d f
wpftwd u f v
dk ,G +f y;D aps;a&mif;xGucf w
hJ ,f?
aps;eJ‹oal ewJ±h mG t=um;rSmawmtkyu f av;wpftyk ±f w dS ,f? awmtkyu f

av;xJjzwfav#muf&if;armvk‹d opfyifatmufrmS tdyv f ukd af wmhwpfa&;
tdyaf ysmof mG ;w,f? oltyd &f muxvmawmho‹l ab;uvG,t f w
d x
f rJ mS OD;
xkyaf wGwpfvk;H rSr±Sdawmhbl;? ol‹O;D xkyfawGb,fo, l o l mG ;w,fqw kd m
olrodb;l ? 'ge‹J ow l pfawmvH;k tES‹H vudk ±f mS aewke;f toHvm&mopfyifay:
ukd=unfhvdkuaf wmharsmufawGuOD;xkyfaqmif;+yD;upm;aewmukdawG‹
&w,f?
aps;onf[marsmufawGuadk 'goxGu+f yD;b,fvv kd ky&f rSe;f rodawmhb;l ?

wpfc%t=umawmhoal qmif;xm;wJOh ;D xkyu f u dk ikd +f y;D atmufuydk pfcsvu
kd f
w,f? arsmufawGuvJvv l yk w
f t
Jh wkid ;f acgi;f uaqmif;xm;wJOh ;D xkyfudk
atmufuv kd i$ yhf pfvu
dk w
f ,f?
aps;onfvnf;arsmufawGypfcsvdu k w
f hOJ ;D xkyfawGuv
dk u
kd af umuf,+l yD;
aysm±f i$ pf mG eJ‹c&D;qufxu
G cf w
hJ ,f?
128
ynmudak umif;usKd ;twGurf oH;k wwfol
wpf&aH &mtcgu qif;&Jwx hJ if;ckwo f rm;wpfa,muf±w dS ,f? ol[m ae@

vkyn f pm;tvkyv f yk +f y;D qif;&Jvo S jzifh rde;f r,lz@kdpw
d rf ul;ay? wpfcgwpf&H
pdwu f ;l rdayr,fh rdef;r,l&if rvkyaf u|;Edik rf eS ;f odojzifh rdef;rr,l&aJ cs?
ae@pOfae@wikd ;f xif;acGxu G o f mG ;wJt
h cg 0g;usnaf wmufe@J a&o,fomG ;+y;D
a&qm&if 0g;usnaf wmifx h rJ S a&ud, k al omufavh±w dS ,f? tdrjf yefvmwJt h
cg olxrf;&wJx h if;rsm;b,favmufyJ av;av;0g;usnaf wmufxu J a&
rsm;udb k ,fawmhrS roGeyf pfb;l ? tdru f tkd +rwJ rf;,ljyefvmw,f? wpfae@
rSmxif;}u;D wpfpnf;eJ@0g;usnaf wmufukd xrf;jyefvm&mvrf;rSm rsuv f n S hf
q&mwpfa,mufe@J awG@w,f? rsuv f nS q hf &mtzd;k td}k u;D u a&t&rf;qm
wJth wGuf xif;ckwo f rm;ud=k unf+h y;D / “vkvifa&/ rif;rSma&±Sv d m;/ ±S&d ifa&
enf;enf;ay;aomufygvm;?”
129
xif;ckwo f rm;uvnf; rdrx d if;pnf;udck s+y;D 0g;usnaf wmufukd tzd;k tdt k m;

ay;vdu k w f ,f? tzd;k tdu k vnf; a&qmvSwma=umifh 0g;usnaf wmufxu J
a&tm;vH;k udak rmhaomufvu kd w
f ,f? a&aomuf+y;D wJt h cg xif;ckwo f rm;&Jh
tvkyt f udik u f akd r;=unfv h @kd tvGeq f if;&Jwo hJ jl zpfa=umif;odomG ;w,f? tJ
'ga=umifh rsuv f n S ahf q;udk xif;ckwo f rm;tm;ay;vdu k +f y;D / “'Daq;udk igw h l
vufxrJ mS okw&f if/ a±S@uvlwpfa,mufukd pdwx f rJ mS bmyJjzpfjzpfjrifcikd ;f ap
csi&f if tJ'v D u l jrif&vdrrhf ,f? tu,fIvufxrJ mS }urd v f ;kH wpfv;kH udik x
f m;
ayrJh a¹rv G @kd jrifapcsi&f if pdwfxrJ mS awG;vdu k ±f keH @J a¹rGukjd rif&vdrrhf ,f?”
xif;ckwo f rm;vJ tzd;k td&k v hJ ufaqmifukd t&rf;oabmusomG ;w,f? tdrf
a&muf+yD; a&rd;k csdK;xrif;pm;+yD;awmh aps;xJoGm;+yD; aq;pGr;f udpk rf;oyfz@dk
pdwu f ;l rdw,f? aemufrmS vlox l xl yfwahJ e&mudak &mufomG ;wJt h cg vlwpf
OD;udk ol@vuftm; qGx J m;cdkif;w,f? tJ'Dvlu ol@vufukq d x GJ m;aepOf
pdwx f rJ mS / “tm;vH;k u ig&h v hJ ufukd [dv k &l vhJ ufxðJ ywfygomG ;+yv D @kdjrif&r,f”
vdk@t"dXgefvu dk w f ,f? wpfòyid ef ufrmS yif ol@vufuq dk aGJ omolrSjzpfap/
tjcm;vlrsm;ujzpfap ol@vufðywfygomG ;wmudak wG@&w,f? xif;ckwo f
rm;vufuq kd x JG m;wJo h u l a=umufa=umufvef@vef@e@J ol@vufuv kd w $ cf s
vduk &f m ol@vufjyefqufomG ;w,f? aemufwpfacguo f @l &ahJ cgi;f udk aq;eJ@
okwv f u dk +f y;D tjcm;olwpfa,muftm; ol@acgi;f udu k ikd cf ikd ;f jyefw,f? ,cif
uuJo h @kdyif ol@pw d rf mS / “igah cgi;f udu k ikd w
f v hJ el @J tjcm;vlawG igah cgi;f u|wo f mG ;
+yv
D @kdjrifygap” wJ?h wpfcsed w f nf;rSmyJ vef@jzwfpmG eJ@ atmfvu kd wf v hJ al wG&t hJ
oHu=kd um;&w,f? vlawGu ol@&ahJ cgi;f u ud, k af y:uaeðywfxu G o f mG ;+y;D
ol@acgi;f udik x f m;wJhvl&aJh emufudk ygomG ;wmawG@&wJhtwGujf zpfw,f?
xif;ckwo f rm;acgi;f udk udik x f m;wJv h u l vnf; xdwv f ef@pmG eJ@acgi;f udk ol@
vufxu J jyefvw $ v f u kd w f t hJ wGuf ol@ae&meJ@ojl yef±adS ewm awG@vu dk &f
w,f?
130
tJ'eD nf;twdik ;f aq;tultnDe@J ol@pw d uf ;l aygu&f m rsuv f n S u hf o

kd ;kH +y;D
ae&mwumvdu k vf jH yowJth wGuf aiGa=u;rsm;&±Su d m ºu,
G 0f csr;f omvm
+y;D rde;f r,lz@kdowd&vmw,f? r=umbl;/ trsKd ;orD;wpfa,mufe@J vufxyf
w,f? ZeD;onfu ol@&ahJ ,mufsm;aiGukd vG,u f pl mG &wJt h wGuf avmb}u;D
vmw,f? wpfae@rmS tdref ;D csi;f rde;f rwpfa,muf&v hJ ufaumuf/ em;uyfe@J
vufpyG w f @kud kd jrif&ojzifh ol@cifyeG ;f udyk q l mw,f? cifyeG ;f onfu qif;&Jom;
jzpfwt hJ wkid ;f tJ'OD pPmypPn;f awGukd b,frmS oGm;,lEikd rf eS ;f rodb;l ? 'gayr,fh
ol@red ;f rc%c%ylqmvd@k / “'Dnaewd@k yo JG mG ;=unfrh ,f/ tdraf b;u tdref ;D
csi;f &J&h wemawGukd oGm;iSm;0wfav” vd@k ol@red ;f rudak jymw,f? ol@ZeD;vJ
tdref ;D csi;f &J&h wemrsm;udk oGm;iSm;0wfw,f? tJ't D rsKd ;orD;uvnf; tdref ;D
csi;f jzpfwt hJ wGuf vG,v f ,
G ef @J imS ;vku d w f ,f? 'gayr,fh xif;ckwo f rm;ZeD;
onfu tdrjf yefa&mufvmwJhtcg tdref D;csif;&Jyh pPn;f awGujdk yefray;bl;?
ESp&f ufo;Hk &uf=umvmwJhtcg tdref ;D csif;trsdK;orD;u ol@ypPn;f ukjd yef
awmif;w,f? tJ'rD mS xif;ckwo f rm;u ol@red ;f r&Jeh m;/ vnfyif;/ eJ@vufw@kd
udk rsuv f n S qhf &maq;eJ@ow k v f u kd w
f ,f?
tJ'aD emuf ol@trd ef ;D csi;f ud/k “oifhypPn;f awGoifc|w, f yl g” tdref D;csi;f u

vnf; tcGi&hf wJt h wGuf trSww f rJeh @J vnfyif;ay:uqGóJ u;d udðk zwfvu kd w f hJ
tcg vnfyif;jywfusomG ;jcif;/ vufay:rSvufaumufuckd |ww f thJ cg vuf
vJ ðywfusygvmvd@k a=umufa=umufvef@vef@e@J vufvw $ cf s&mcE<mud, k t f
ydik ;f tpwd@k u ol@ae&meJ@ojl yefa&mufomG ;w,f? tdref ;D csi;f trsKd ;orD;vnf;
ud, k w f ikd rf ðzwf&aJ wmhyJ xif;ckwof rm;udk ðzwfcikd ;f w,f? xif;ckwo f rm;u/
“oifyh pPn;f awGy/J oifrjS yefr,l&if u|Eykf u f ,lray;Edik yf gb;l Asm” vd@k ajym
w,f?
131
tdref ;D csi;f u tJ'jD zpf&yftwGuf rausreyfjzpfum òr@d pm;}u;D udo k Gm;wkid f

w,f? òr@d pm;}u;D u xif;ckwo f rm;udzk rf;zd@k wyfom;awGvw $ v f u kd w
f ,f?
xif;ckwo f rm;u ol@ZeD;onfu/ “vmzrf;=uygavhap/ olw@kda&mufvm&if
igv h ufuakd q;eJ@ow k vf u kd &f if igv
h ufav#mus+y;D olw@kdigu h zkd rf;&JrmS r[kwf
bl;” vd@k ajymaewJt h csed rf mS ppfonfawmfrsm;a&mufvm=uw,f? olvJ
ajymajymqdq k v kd ufuakd q;eJ@ow k v f u
kd +f y;D / “vufjywf}u;D jrifygapvd@k ” wrf;
wvdu k af omfvnf; bmrSjzpfrvmay? olawG;wJt h wdkif;jzpfrvmwm
a=umifh tzrf;cH&awmhw,f? w&m;ol}u;D a±Sa› &mufwt hJ cg }urd 'f %ftcsuf
(30) ay;jcif;cH&w,f? }urd 'f %f&aoma=umifh aeraumif;jzpf+y;D bmrSrvkyf
Edik af wmhacs? 'Dt
h jyif aq;udrk ±d;k rom;toH;k ðyojzifh aq;vJrpGr;f awmhwt hJ
wGuf wpfoufv;kH yJ qif;&JpmG aexdik o f mG ;&awmhw,f?
132
arSmv
f ufpyG f
a±S;oa&mtcgu tvGeq f if;&Jaom rdbrJo h il ,fuav;wpfO;D ±Sw d ,f? tJ'hD

tjyif bmtvkyu f v
kd yk v
f yk t
f qifrajywJt h wGuf qif;&Jusyw f nf;oxuf
usyw f nf;vmw,f? 'gayr,fh tJ'o D il ,fav;rSm wpfbufurf;cwfu|r;f
usiw f t
hJ wwfynmwpfc±k +dS y;D ‚if;rSm wa,mxd;k jcif;jzpfw,f? ae@pOfae@
wdik ;f ol@&whJ a,mav;eJ@ wpftrd w f ufwpftrd q f if; wD;cwf&mvlrsm;u
ol@uakd iGa=u;tenf;i,fay;=uw,f? ol&wJah iGawGukd ol@tzGm;tm;jyefay;
+y;D Tod@k jzifyh if toufarG;0rf;a=umif;jyKw,f? wpfae@rmS òr@d xYJ rde;f rysKd
uav;rsm;udk vdu k zf rf;,lpm;aomufwhJ bDv;l }u;D wpfaumifaomif;use;f
aewJhta=umif;=um;&w,f? òrd@xJ±dS rde;f rysdKuav;rsm;udk vku d fpm;wm
ukecf ge;D yg;jzpfv@kd olaX;}u;D &Jo h rD;tvSnu hf kd a&mufvmawmhrmS jzpfw,f?
tJ'rD mS olaX;}u;D u tJ'b D vD ;l }u;D udo
k wfEikd wf ohJ ul kd ol@orD;eJ@vufxyfay;
133
r,ft h jyif ypPn;f OpPmrsm;pGmudv k nf; cs;D jri‡ rhf ,f[ak =umfjimw,f? oli,fu
tJ'o D wif;ud=k um;wmeJ@ ol@tzGm;ud/k “tzGm;cifAsm;/ u|eaf wmfc&D;xGuf
awmhr,f”? tzGm;/ “igah jr;/ rif;b,fomG ;rvd@k v”J
olu/ “rde;f rysKd av;awGukd vdu k zf rf;pm;aewJb h v
D ;l }u;D udk oGm;±Smrvd@k / tJ'D
bDvl;}u;D udk u|eaf wmfowfEikd &f if/ olaX;}u;D &Jo h rD;ud&k r,ft h jyif ypPn;f
OpPmvufaqmif awGuv kd &J rSmjzpfw,f/ 'DawmhtzGm;vJ u|eaf wmfe@J twl
csr;f csr;f omomae&rSmjzpfw,f? ol@tzGm;u ol@uw kd m;ayr,fh wm;vd@k r&
wJth wGuo f mG ;cGiahf y;vduk wf ,f?
oli,f[m wpfawmifwufwpfawmifqif;eJ@ c&D;xGu&f if; owdrxm;rdv@kd

wpfae&mta&mufrSm ajcacsmu f s+yD; acsmufxJusomG ;w,f? 'gayrJu h H
aumif;axmufr@kd atmufrmS ±Sw d o hJ pf±uG af jcmufy}kHu;D xJusomG ;wJt h wGuf
bmrSxcd u kd 'f g%&f mr&cJb h ;l ? acsmuf}u;D xJrmS arSmifraJ ewJt h wGuf olbmrS
rjrif&bl;/ olt&rf;a=umufwt hJ wGuf v_yv f rJ v_y&f /J toHvrJ xGu&f aJ y?
rsm;r=umrSD ajrivsiv f y_ o
f vdrk sKd ;wkev f y_ of =H um;&+y;D ae@cif;uJo h @kdr;D tvif;
a&mifrsm;xdev f if;vmw,f? oli,fvJ [d=k unf'h =D unf=h unfv h u dk w f t hJ cg
bDv;l }u;D wpfaumif acguw f @kHacgujf yefvrf;av#mufaewmudk awG@&w,f?
ol@tuôsrmS azmif;yGae+y;D nmbuftw d x f wJ iG f tom;jzLjzLacsmacsmrde;f u
av;wpfa,mufudk xkwf,lvku d fw,f? rde;f uav;uol@ukOd D;cs+yD; ±Scd k;d
awmif;yefayr,fh olem;raxmifb;l ? bDv;l }u;D u ol@"g;r}u;D udx k w k v f u dk f
+y;D rdef;uav;udo k wfum csupf m;vdkufw,f? ol@b,fbuftw d x f rJ mS
vnf; t&uft;kd wpft;kd udk pm;yGaJ y:wifvu kd wf ,f? tJ'aD emufrmS ol@arSmf
vufpw G uf kd vufrðS zwfvu kd +f y;D / “arSmv f ufpyG af &/ igrif;udtk vd±k &dS if rif;&J@
tpGrf;udkjy&r,faemf” [kqku d m pm;yGJay:wifvu dk fw,f? tpmpm;+yD;
aemuf tdy&f may:vScJ sum wpfacgacgtyd af ysmo f mG ;w,f?
134
oli,f[m t&rf;a=umufv@kd toHrrS xGu&f b J ;l ? r=umyg/ bDv;l }u;D tdyf

&mrSxum t0wftpm;vJ+y;D "g;r}u;D udk vG,u f mvufpyG u f kd aumuf,l
vdku+f y;D / “vufpyG af &/ igrif;udt k vd±k d+S y;D / igt
h wGut f pGr;f jyygt;kH ” [kckid ;f
vdu
k +f y;D vufpw G u f kd vufoef;ay:wGi0f wfvu dk o f nf? +y;D awmh ol@vufpw G f
udk b,fbufo@kdwpfygw&f pfvu kd &f m ud, k cf E<mrSmao;i,fomG ;+y;D rD;cGurf ;D
vJ+ird ;f oGm;w,f? bDv;l }u;D &Ju h , kd v f ;kH uvJ wpfjznf;jznf;ao;i,fomG ;+y;D
tayguaf o;ao;uav;xJrx S u G o f mG ;vdu k w f ,f? oli,fvnf;wGi;f xJrmS
yif bDv;l }u;D aemufwpfacgujf yefa&mufvmwJt h xd apmifah evdu k wf ,f?
t&iftacguu f vdyk J tpm;tpmcsuðf ywfpm;aomuf+y;D wpfacgacge@J tyd f
aysmo f mG ;w,f? 'Dwpfcgawmhoil ,fu aoao±Si±f iS pf w d yf ikd ;f jzwf+y;D bDv;l
}u;D ±S&d m wpfjznf;jznf;csO;f uyfomG ;+y;D "g;r}u;D udu k ikd u f m bDv;l }u;D udv k nf
yif;rScw k cf svu kd &f m vnfyif;jywf+y;D aooGm;w,f? tJ'rD mS bDv;l }u;D &Jah rSmf
vufpyG u f , kd +l y;D / “vufpGyaf &/ igrif;udt k vd±k +Sd y;D / rif;tpGr;f awGjyvdu k yf g
tHk;”wJ?h tJ'DaemufvufpGyfukd ol@vufwiG fpGyfvu dk +f yD; nmbufo@dk &pf
vku
d o f nft h cg ud, k cf E<m}u;D xGm;vm+y;D b,fbufo@kdvn S v hf u kd &f if ol@u, kd f
vH;k rSmao;i,fomG ;wmudak wG@&w,f? bDv;l }u;D vkyo f uJo h @kd vufpyG u f kd
b,fbufo@kdvn S yhf wf+y;D ol@u, kd rf mS wpfjznf;jznf;ao;i,fomG ;+y;D rD;rsm;
vnf;ydwo f mG ;um bDv;l }u;D xGuo f mG ;aomtayguaf o;ao;av;xJrmS yif
tjyifukd xGuo f mG ;vdu k w f ,f?
oli,fu tdru f jkd yefa&mufwt

hJ cg raoraysmufyJ touf±iS pf mG jyefvm
wJah jr;udk tzGm;uawG@wmeJ@0rf;omtm;&óuq d w
kd ,f? rsm;r=umrDrmS yifbk
&ifwpfyg;&Joh m;awmfrif;om;wpfyg;[m tpm;tpmraomufEikd rf pm;Edik yf J
aovkrwwfa&mufojzifh bk&if}u;D u ykÀm;rsm;ac:,l+y;D wGucf ikd ;f w,f?
ykÀm;u bk&ifo h m;awmf[m +ird ahf jimif;om,mwJwh a,moH=um;&&if a&m
135
*gcsucf si;f aysmuf+yD;tpm;tpmrsm; pm;vmEdkifr,f[k a[mudef;xkwf

w,f? bk&if}u;D vnf; ol@om;awmfaeaumif;vmatmif wa,mxd;k azsmf
ajzEdik of u l Ekd ikd if Hawmfwpf0ufukd tkycf sKyfap+y;D ypPn;f OpPmeJ@qifjrif;wd@k ukd
vnf;cDs;jri‡ rhf ,fv@kd a=ujimapw,f? Edik if w H pfEikd if v
H ;kH rSm twD;tr_wyf nm
±Sirf sm;u rif;om;av;udo k mG ;a&mufazsmaf jzayr,fh rif;om;av;udak ysmuf
uif;atmifrukoEdik af cs? vli,fav;vJ wa,moGm;xd;k ay;ayr,fh bmrS
xl;jcm;r_r±Sad y? tJ'ga=umifh aemufwpfn vlxt k m;vH;k tdyaf rmusaewJt h
csderf Sm oli,fuarSmv f ufpGyu f kpd yG +f yD; b,fbufok@d vn S vfh ku
d w
f htJ cg ol@
ud, k v f ;kH rSm wpfjznf;jznf;ao;i,fomG ;+y;D wHcg;ydwx f m;wJrh if;om;av;
tdycf ef;xJukd tvG,w f ul0ifomG ;Edik cf w hJ ,f? tdycf ef;udak &mufwt hJ cg rif;
om;av;ud/k “toifrif;om;/ bmjzpfaew,f u|Eykf u f akd jymjyyg? toifrif;
om;&Jh a&m*gaysmufuif;atmifuo k ay;zd@k u|Eykf v f mwmjzpfw,f” vd@k ajym
awmh rif;om;u toHom=um;&aomfvnf; vlurkd awG@&ojzifh tHt h m;
oifo h mG ;w,f? 'gayr,fh ol@uakd ysmufuif;atmifuo k rnf[k =um;ojzif/h
“u|Eykf &f ahJ &m*g[m aq;eJ@rukoEdik w f ahJ &m*gwpfrsKd ;yJ/ u|Eykf [ f m rde;f rysKd u
av;wpfa,mufukd wyfrufprJG uf+y;D tckred ;f rysKd av;udk bDv;l }u;D u zrf;
oGm;wJt h wGuf pdwaf 0'emcHpm;ae&wmjzpfw,f? 'Dred ;f rysKd av;udk bDv;l
}u;D vufxu J vGwaf jrmufatmif u,fq,fEikd &f if u|Eykf &f chJ pH m;ae&wJph w d f
a&m*guvJ aysmufuif;rSmaocsmw,f”
'ge@J oil ,fu/ “'gq&kd if vH;k 0ryle@J/ rde;f rysKd av;udk vGwaf jrmufatmif u|Eyfk f
u,fq,fay;r,f/ wpfcu k u|eaf wmfrsKd ;ajymwmudk emcH&r,f/ reufjzefr
eufapmapmx/ a&rd;k csKd ;acgi;f av#m+f y;D t0wftpm; aumif;aumif;0wf+y;D
tpm;tpmaumif;aumif;pm;yg” rif;om;av;u oli,fav;ajymwJt h
wdik ;f vdu
k ef mw,f? eHeufr;kd vif;vmwJt h cg rif;om;av;udk use;f use;f rm
136
rmawG@&wJt
h wGuf bk&if}u;D u0rf;omw,f? oli,fav;u ud,
k af ysmuf
xm;wJth wGuf qkvmbfay;&ef ±Smayr,frh awG@=uacs?
aemufqk;H oli,fav;u rif;om;av;eJ@twl rde;f rysKd av;±S&d mvmcJh=u

w,f? vrf;wGifbv D ;l }uD;u tapmift h jzpfcsxm;wJha¹r}G u;D wpfaumife@J
jcaoFw h pfaumifukd &ifqikd =f u&w,f? 'gayr,fh arSmv f ufpyG &f hJ wefc;kd a=umifh
ol@u, kd cf E<mudt k }u;D }u;D jzpfatmifvyk +f y;D jcaoFeh @J a¹r}G u;D udk ESrd Ef iS ;f cJ@w,f?
od@k jzifh c&D;qufxu G vf mcJ&h m *VKefiu S }f u;D wpfaumifukd xyfawG@jyefw,f?
*VKefiu S }f u;D udk acsre_ ;f Edik cf +hJ y;D aemuf rde;f rysKd uav;udk zrf;xm;wJah usmuf
*l}u;D ±Sw d ahJ e&mudk a&mufvmw,f? arSmv f ufpyG w f efc;kd jzifh ausmuf*}l u;D wH
cg;udzk iG Ehf ikd cf w
hJ ,f? aemufausmuf*}l u;D xJ0ifvmcJw h ,f? rif;om;av;u
rde;f rysKd av;udak wG@awG@csi;f yJ oli,fav;udk arhomG ;w,f? rde;f rysKd av;qDukd
oGm;+yD; cspcf iG yhf efw,f? rde;f rysKd av;uvJ ol@urkd jiif;yJ/ “u|erf [mbk&ifh
orD;awmfwpfa,mufjzpfw,f/ bDv;l }u;D [m u|erf taz&JEh ikd if x H u J rde;f r
ysKd av;awGukd pm;+y;D +y?D u|erf wpfa,mufxyJ J useaf wmhw,f/ wpfu,fv@kd
u|erf tazu u|erf udb k v D ;l }u;D vufxJrtyfb;l qd&k if bDv;l }uD;u zc
rnf;awmftygt0ifwpfòrŒd vH;k udpk m;ypfrmS jzpfwt hJ wGuf ol@aemufukd vdu k f
vm&w,f? 'gayrJb h v D ;l }u;D u u|efrudkrpm;yJeJ@ ol@=uif&mawmftjzpf
xm;csiw f ,f? 'gayrJh u|erf ol@urkd cspw f t hJ wGuf 'Dausmufwikd }f u;D ab;rSm
csKyfaESmifxm;+y;D u|erf ol@ut kd ajzay;rJth xdapmifah ewm/ 'Dwpfacguf ol
tjyifxu G o f mG ;wmjyefrvmwm=um+y;D / jyefvmzd@ke;D +y;D vm;qdw k mvJ u|erf
rajymwwfbl;? wpfu,fv@kd u|erf udk bDv;l }u;D vufxu J u,fEikd &f if t
oifrif;om;eJ@vufxyfz@kd oabmwlygw,f?” rif;om;u rde;f rysKd av;udk
b,fvu kd n l &D rvJv@kdar;w,f? rde;f rysKd uav;u ol@ukd csKyfxm;wJah omhukd
ausmufwikd }f u;D ay:rSmwifxm;wJt h wGuf [dt k jrif}h u;D ay:wuf+y;D aomhukd
137
oGm;,l&rSmjzpfw,fvk@d ajymw,f? 'gayr,fh ausmufwikd u f o

kd wdxm;+y;D
wuf&efe@J olrudu k nl zD @kd ausmufwikd af y:aomhwuf,w l vhJ al wGtm;vH;k [m
atmufuðkd ywfus+y;D toufq;kH ±H;_ oGm;&a=umif; owday;ajymqdw k ,f?
rif;om;uvJ rif;orD;av;udv k ckd siaf Zma=umifh oli,fav;udt k ultnDr
awmif;awmhyJ ausmufwikd }f u;D tay:udk wufomG ;w,f? 'gayr,fh ausmuf
wdik x
f yd rf a&mufcif ajcacsmu f sum atmufuðkdywfus+y;D ausmufw;kH }u;D jzpf
oGm;w,f?
aemufq;kH rSm oli,fav;u rde;f rysKd av;xHomG ;um olvJ rif;orD;av;udk

cspcf ifEpS o f ufa=umif;zGiahf jymw,f? rif;orD;av;u/ “toifvv k if/ u|Eykf f
qDvmwJh a,muFsm;ysKd rsm;xJrmS toifwpfa,mufwnf;udo k m awG@awG@
csi;f pdwv f y_ ±f mS ;rdw,f/ oif[m u|Eykf &f zhJ ;l pm±Siyf jJ zpfr,fv@kd ,H=k unfw,f/
oifom u|Eykf &f chJ ifyeG ;f onfjzpfr,fq&kd if toifu h t kd oufxufq;kH csprf mS
yJ” vd@k o@l uakd jymw,f? ol[m =um;=um;csi;f rde;f uav;rsupf u d t
kd 0wf
peJ@yw d +f y;D arSmv f ufpyG u
f ykd wfum t&yft±Sn}f u;D jzpfatmifvyk +f y;D aomh
udvk , G u f pl mG ,lum rif;orD;av;udak omhziG +hf y;D u,fwifvu kd wf ,f?
tprSm rif;orD;av;u bDv;l }u;D &J&h efupkd ;kd &draf yr,fh oli,fav;u rdrb d D
vl;}u;D udo
k wfvu kd +f yjD zpfa=umif;ajymjyw,f? oli,fav;eJ@rif;orD;av;wd@k
ae&yfujkdyefa&mufvmwJt h cg rdbrsm;u0rf;omtm;&óuq d +kdy;D olwŒkd tm;
vufxyfay;um toufxufq;kH aysm±f i$ pf mG aygi;f oif;aexdik o f mG ;=uawmh
w,f?
zd;k av;aw; (armeif;pwm;pmapmifr, S I
l bmomjyefqo kd nf)?
138
rdbpum;em;raxmifaoma>ruav;
wpfcgwek ;f ua¹rGom;trdEpS af umif±o Sd wJ?h olw‹dk [mwGi;f uav;wpf

wGi;f xJrmS ae=uw,f? a¹rGr}uD;[mtpm±SmrxGucf ifo‹l om;uav;ukd
“om;av;a&tartpm±SmxGufr,f? tjyifukdrxGufeJ‹/ awG‹wJht
&mrSefor# ukad ygufu&rpm;eJ‹” vk‹d rmS +y;D tpm±SmxGuo f mG ; w,f?
a¹raG v;[mwGi;f xJrmS wpfaumifwnf;aecJ&h wJt h wGuyf si;f +y;D tjyifucdk %

xGu=f unfch siw f mayg?h olpw d x f rJ mS c%av;xGuw f mbmtE &W m,fr±S rdS mS r
[kwb f ;l vd‹k xifaewmayg?h 'gayrJch &D;oGm;tzd;k tkw d pfa,mufuol‹uadk wG‹
+y;D zrf;umtdwx f x J nf+h y;D tdru f , kd o
l mG ;w,f? tdraf &mufawmho‹l ujkd cif;
awmif;wpfcx k rJ mS xnfv h u dk wf ,f?
139
a¹rGuav;uol‹tar&Jhpum;ukdem;raxmifrv d dk‹aemifw&aewmaygh?
tJ'tD csed rf mS tzk;d }u;D ua¹ru
G av;pm;zd‹k twGuºf uu G w
f pfaumifypfcsay;
w,f?
tJ't
D csed rf mS a¹ru
G av;ol‹tarrSmxm;wJah wG‹or#ayguu f &rpm;&bl;qdk
wmowd&vk‹d ºuu G u
f av;ukrd pm;yJvw $ x
f m;vdu k w
f ,f? ºuu
G u
f av;u
vnf;[kdajy;'Dajy;+y;D jcif;awmif;udkukdufv‹dk tayguu f av;jzpfawmhEpS f
aumifpvH;k 0rf;ajrmuf0rf;omeJ‹xu G af jy;v$waf jrmufomG ;w,f?
a¹rGuav;uol‹tar&Jhpum;ukdem;raxmifrdwJhtwGuf'kuQa&muf
+y;D aemifw&umtarrSmxm;wmukjd yefowd&wJt
h wGut
f oufab;rS
vGwaf jrmufomG ;wmaygu
h ,
G ?f
140
yGgpd;k cdk
a±S;oa&mtcgu tvGecf ifrifcspcf if=uaom oli,fcsi;f ESpaf ,muf±o dS nf?

wpfa,muf.trnfrmS u,fzmjzpf+yD; tjcm;wpfa,mufu qdzk mjzpf
onf? oli,fcsi;f ESpOf ;D onf awmeuf}u;D xJwiG f ESpaf ygi;f rsm;pGmaexdik v f m
cJ&h m vlow l pfO;D wpfa,mufurkd #rjrifawG@&acs? wpfae@rmS oli,fcsi;f ESpf
OD;onf awmxGu+f y;D iSuu f av;rsm;vdu k yf pf+y;D om;aumifrsm;vdu k zf rf;
rnf[w k ikd yf if aqG;aEG;ae=uonf? od@k jzifh ESpOf ;D om;awmxGu+f y;D naecif;
tcsed of @kda&mufaomtcg rnfonft h &mwpfpw kH pfcu
k rkd #rawG@&acs? xdt k
cg oli,fcsi;f ESpOf ;D xJu wpfa,mufu “igw@kad rmvm+y?D 'Dawmif=um;xJrmS
141
wpfqw d af vmufem;+y;D rS qufomG ;=uwmayg”h [kt}uaH y;&m tjcm;wpf

a,mufuvnf; oabmwlno D nf? od@kjzifh u,fzmonf vufxu J ±Sad om
vSjH zifah jrudw k ;l azmfvu
kd &f m a&rsm;,dpk rd v
hf mojzifh ol.oli,fcsi;f qdzk m
tm; Tae&mod@k vma&mufa±$@ajymif;aexdik &f ef ajymqdw k ikd yf if.? xdu k pd P
udo
k il ,fcsi;f ESpOf ;D onf oabmwln=D u+y;D xdak e&mwGiaf e&mcs ajymif;a±$Œ
vmonf? xdak e&mudk yGmpd;k cdk [kac:qd=k uonf? xd±k mG a[mif;onf ,ae@t
xdwikd ±f adS eqJyifjzpfonf?
142
tzd;k tked t
YJ zGm;tdk
wpfcgutbd;k tdek ‹J tzGm;tdv

k ifr,m;ESpaf ,muf±w dS ,f? tzk;d tdu k touf
t&rf;}u;D vk‹d omG ;awGwpfacsmif;+y;D wpfacsmif;usK;d ukev
f ‹dk omG ;wpfacsmif;
yJuseaf wmhw,f? tzGm;tdv k t
J ouf}u;D vGe;f vd‹k qyH ifawGu|wu f ek af wmh
qHyifwpfacsmif;yJuseaf wmhw,f?
wpfae‹rmS tzGm;tdk[mawmxJrSm[if;±Guf±Smzkd‹oGm;w,f? tzk;d tkdu

“jrefjrefomG ;jrefjrefjyefvmaemf” vk‹d rmS vku
d +f y;D tzGm;tku d ykvikd ;f ukv
d ,
G f
+y;D xGufoGm;w,f? [if;±Gu±f mS +y;D vdk‹tjyefvrf;rSmuifyeG ;f csOw f pfyifudk
awG‹v‹dk 0rf;omtm;&eJ‹uifyeG ;f csO±f u
G o
f mG ;cl;zk‹d csKx
H w
J ;kd 0ifomG ;wJt h cgt
143
zGm;tk&d q
hJ yH if[muifyeG ;f csOu
f idk ;f eJ‹+iad ewJt h wGujf yefqv JG ‹dk r&bl;?
tzGm;tdu k pdwrf ±Snw f thJ wGuw f tm;aqmifq h aJG wmh±w
dS q hJ yH ifwpfyifvJ
u|wu f ek w f ,f? 'ge‹J 0rf;enf;pGmeJ‹trd u f jdk yefvmw,f?
tzkd;tkdvt J a0;ujyefvmwJhtzGm;tdq k yH ifwpfacsmif;rSr±Sad wmhwmukd

awG‹vk‹d tm;&yg;&&,fvdu k fwmuawmhaemufqHk;oGm;wpfacsmif;u|wf
oGm;wJt h xdaygu
h ,G ?f 'ge‹J tzGm;tkvd q
J yH ifwpfacsmif;rSr±Sad wmhovkt
d zd;k
tkv
d oJ mG ;wpfacsmif;rSr±Sad wmhb;l ?
144
0g;yd;k
a±S;tcgu ta±Sz› uft&yfwiG f awmifwpfv;kH ±S+d y;D taemufzuft&yfwiG f

vnf;awmifwpfv;kH ±So d nf? taemufzuft&yfwiG ±f o dS nfah wmifukd az:
abmfcakd wmifv@kdac:a0:=u+y;D ta±Sz› uft&yfawmifukd u,fzawmif[ak c:
a0:=uonf? u,fzawmif.ajc&if;onf us,jf yef@+y;D tay:od@krwfapmuf
pGmwufomG ;+y;D awmifxyd rf mS c|ex
f u G af eonf? wpfcgu TawmifEpS v f ;kH
onf &efjzpf=u+y;D taemufzuft&yfwiG ±f aSd om az:abmfcadk wmifu"g;
r}uD;ud, k lI ta±Sz› uft&yfwGif±daS omu,fzawmif.txdyfukd ckwfcs
vdu k o
f nf? od@kaomf u,fzawmif.txdyrf mS jywfroGm;ay/ enf;enf;om
±G@J apmif;oGm;onf? u,fzawmifu az:abmfcakd wmifujkd yefcw k rf nfh "g;r
145
}u;D r±So
d jzifh olY±Sad om0g;yd;k wpfacsmif;udEk w _ ,f +l y;D az:abmfcakd wmifuykd pf
ayguv f u kd o
f nft
h cg az:abmfcakd wmifwiG f taygu}f u;D }u;D wpfaygujf zpf
oGm;onf? az:abmfcakd wmifwiG f 0g;ydk;r±SI d ‚if;wGi±f adS om rufpvD0g;udk
E_w, f +l y;D u,fzawmifukd jyefIypfayguv f u kd of nf? od@k aomf u,fzawmif
udrk xdbJ ‚if;.ajc&if;ab;wGi±f adS om ae&mvyfo@kdrufpvD0g;pdu k 0f ifomG ;
onf?
xd@k a=umifh ,ae@wkid f ta±Sz› uft&yf±dS u,fzawmifxyd o f nf enf;enf;

±G@J apmif;ae+y;D awmifajc&if;. ab;wGirf ufpvD0g;yifrsm; trsm;tjym;
ayguaf eonfuakd wG@&rnf? taemufzuft&yfwiG ±f do S nfh az:abmfckd
awmifukd ta0;rSvrS ;f =unfv h #if taygu}f u;D }u;D wpfayguu f akd wG@&rnft
h
jyif awmif.ajc&if;wGif 0g;yd;k yifrsm; trsm;tjym;ayguaf eonfukd awG@&
rnfjzpfonf?
146
pyg;us;D a>r
wpfcgu om;tzESpaf ,muf[m acsmif;zsm;udw k ufomG ;wJt h cg wpfxmG

avmuf±w dS phJ yg;}u;D a¹ru G o kd mG ;awG@w,f? om;tzESpaf ,mufu pyg;}u;D
a¹ru
G zkd rf;um a=umifv#myifatmufrmS ckwx f pf+y;D csupf m;=uw,f? xrif;
rpm;cifrmS om;jzpfou l kd aomufa&oGm;cwfcikd ;f w,f? om;a&oGm;cwfwhJ
tcsderf mS tazu xrif;eJ@pyg;}uD;a¹r[ G if;udpk m;w,f? pm;wmeJ@wpfòydif
euf tazjzpfo&l ahJ jcvufawG[mwdo k mG ;+y;D pyg;}u;D a¹rjG zpfomG ;w,f? om;
ua&cwf+y;D jyefvmwJt h cg pyg;}u;D a¹rjG zpfomG ;wJo h t l azudak wG@v@kd tazudk
tusKd ;ta=umif;ar;=unfw h ,f? tazu pyg;}u;D a¹rG [if;pm;vd@k pyg;}u;D
a¹rjG zpfomG ;wmygv@kdajymjyw,f? 'gah =umifo h m;[m tJ'[ D if;udrk pm;awmh
147
bl;? [if;udk oGeyf pfvu kd +f y;D xrif;jzLyJpm;awmhw,f? xrif;pm;+y;D wJt h cg

tazu ausmufaqmife}D u;D ±Sw d ahJ e&mrSm ol@twGi;f oGm;±Smay;zd@k om;udk
ajymw,f? om;jzpfou l tJ'aD usmufaqmifeu D rkd awG@wma=umifrh oGm;
wwfbl;vdk@ajymw,f? tazuom;udk =uufwla±G;0gtjzpfo@dk toGif
ajymif;cdik ;f w,f? tazajymwJt h wdik ;f om;uvkyw f ,f? =uuf wla±G;tjzpf
od@k toGiaf jymif;+yD; tazoGm;±Smcdik ;f wJah usmufaqmifeu D kd oGm;±SmxGuf
w,f? aemufrmS aumif;wJah usmufaqmifew D pfwiG ;f udak wG@omG ;+y;D tazudk
jyefvmajymjyw,f? tJ'aD emuf tazudk tJ'aD usmufaqmifeo D @kd oGm;yd@k ay;
+y;D tazudx k m;cJu
h m om;jzpfo[ l m tdru f wkd pfa,mufwnf;jyefvmcJh
awmhw,f?
zg;*d;k cJh (ay:Edu k m) rufoaygc;D / og;yg;awm/ csi;f rdik f
148
rdbq&mq&mrESifhpm=unfhw dkufapmifhrsm;twGuft}uHa y;csuf
pmzwfjcif;onfuav;rsm;twGuaf umif;aomtavhtusihw f pfcjk zpf

onf? pmrsm;rsm;zwfjcif;jzifuh av;rsm;.OD;aESmufupdk wd u
f ;l ,Ofjcif;ESihf
pOf;pm;awG;awmqifjcifjcif;jzift
h vkyaf y;aponf? ok‹d aomfuav;rsm;pm
zwfjcif;tavhtxukdjyKpkysKd;axmifay;&eftwGufjyKvkyfay;&efvdt k yf
ygonf?
vlwpfO D;pmzwfonfhtavhtxrSmrnfokd‹±Sdygoenf;?
1? yxrtqift h aeESiphf mtkyw f pftyk zf wfz‹kdq;kH jzwf+y;D zwfcsio
f nfph mtkyf
udak ±G;cs,+f yD;
2? pmtkyx f w J iG rf nfonfth a=umif;t&mrsm;ygonfuckd ef‹reS ;f rnf?
3? pm±Gurf sm;ukjd refjrefveS af vSm=unfrh nf?
4? ,if;wk‹d zwf=unfch sio f nfph myk'd u
f adk ±G;cs,rf nf?
5? eJezJ wf=unfrh nf?
6? wpfcgwpf&pH myk'd . f t"dy`g,rf sm;ukdpOf;pm;=unfrh nf?
7? pmtkyx f w J iG af &;xm;aomowif;tcsut f vufrsm;uk&d ±S+d y;D pmtkyf
xJwGi±f adS omA[kokwrsK;d pHkuk&d ±Srd nf?
8? rsm;aomtm;jzif, h if;wk‹d .xifjrifcsurf sm;jyefay;rnf?
pmzwfjcif; avhu sifhcef; rsm;jyKvky f& mwGi fpOf; pm;oifhonfhtcsuf

tvufrsm;
1? vufawG‹jzpf&yfrsm;ESiphf mtkyx f wJ iG jf zpfay:aeonfhjzpf&yfrsm;ukrd nf
okd‹qufpyfEidk rf nfenf;?
2? uav;rsm;.pdwu f rdk nfo‹dk qaJG qmifEikd rf nfenf;?
149
3? uav;rsm;Tpmtkyu f zkd wfcidk ;f &eftwGurf nfonft h a=umif;jycsurf sm;

ay;rnfenf;?
4? ±kyyf rkH sm;uktd oH;k jyK+y;D pmtkyx f w J iG yf g0ifaomtcsut f vufrsm;ukd
cef‹reS ;f =unfEh kid fovm;?
5? Tpmtkyo f nfbmompum;oif=um;&mtwGut f axmuftuljyKEikd f
ygovm;?
6? pmtkyx f w
J iG rf yg0ifonfrh nfonft h csut f vufrsm;ukx
d nfo h iG ;f ajym
qkdEikd rf nfenf;?
7? ausmif;om;rsm;.em;vnfru _ rkd nfonfeh nf;ESiqhf ef;ppf=unfEh ikd f
oenf;?
Tenf;rsm;ESiahf r;cGe;f rsm;ajz+y;D uav;rsm;ukdpmay;rzwfcif}uKd wifjyif

qifjcif;tm;jzifhuav;rsm;pmtkyx f w
J iG pf w
d 0f ifpm;+y;D zwf=unf&h eftm;
xkwfr_ rsm;jyKvkyrf nfjzpfygonf?
tjcm;v_y f± Sm ;r_r sm;

pmzwf+yD;aemufqufwGJv_yf±Sm;r_rsm;jyKvkyfEdkifygonf? uav;rsm;
ukrd rd w
d ‹dk .}uKd ufEpS o
f ufaomyHjk yifrsm;ukd a±G;cs,+f y;D jyZmwfrsm;o±kyf
aqmifapjcif;/ ±kyyf rkH sm;qGjJ cif;ESi±hf yk yf rkH sm;jy+y;D yHjk yifut
dk jcm;enf;jzift h qH;k
owfapjcif;rsm;jyKvkyfEdkifygonf? yHkjyifxJwGif&±Sdaomoifcef;pmrsm;
ta=umif;ar;jref;Edik yf gonf? xd‹k jyifuav;rsm;pmtkyw f pftyk v
f ;kH zwfvkd
&eftwGuaf r;cGe;f rsm;vnf;ar;jref;Edik yf gonf? Oyrm – Tpmtkyx f wJ iG f
usm;b,fESpfaumifygovJ? olwk‹d rSmb,fvkt d usiafh wG±do S vJ? ponf
wk‹d jzpfonf?
150

Story For Little Children 2 Burmese Version

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Story For Little Children 2 Burmese Version

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

uav;wdt

Drum Publication Group

Drum Publication Group

TyHkjyifpmtkyfav;udk u&ifESpfjcif;c&pf,meftoif;awmfrS xkwfa0cJhaom

trnfazmfjyonfh pma&;olrsm;udkjzpfap/ trnfrazmfolrsm;udkjzpfap/ tm;

us;D uef;bmaMumifrh nf;&ovJ

wpfcgu awmtky}f u;D xJrmS wd&p>mefawGtrsm;}u;D aysmaf ysm±f i$ ±f i$ af exdik f

'gah =umifh ZD;uGu&f t

=unf+h y;D t&rf;udo

'gah =umifh ZD;uGuq

us;D uef;uvJ pdwnf pfnpfe@J Z;D uGuq

aomnrsm;±Srd nfjzpfonf? xdt k cgrS wd&pd m> ef ESiv

a±S;a±S;wke;f ua=umifuav;wpfaumif±w dS ,f? wpfae‹a=umifuav;[m

a'guf? a'guf? a'guf wpfnay;tdyyf g

wpfcgwek ;f u ºuu G uf av;oH;k aumif[m tpm±SmxGu=f u&if; tarSmifus

wpfatmif=h umawmhow l @kd “a'guf -- a'guf -- a'guf u|Eykf w

tJ'rD mS wHcg;yGivhf m+y;D 0uf0rH nf;rnf;}u;D wpfaumif tdrx f 0J ifvmwmudk

a±S;a±S;wkef;uorifav;wpfaumif±dw S ,f? orifav;uol‹&hv J SywJOh ;D

wpfae‹acsmif;xJrmS a&qif;aomufaewkef;ol‹&JhvSywJhO;D csdKudk=unfh+yD;

a±S;oa&mtcgu ±Gmwpf±mG rSmvli,fav;wpfa,muf±w dS ,f? zcifu, G f

&w,f? naejyefvm&if uav;u rdcifun kd wdik ;f ESyd ef ,fay;w,f? rdbrsm;

wpfae@rmS yaxG;u ol@uakd wmxJrmS xif;oGm;acGcikd ;f vd@k olxu G vf mcJw

vli,fav;Ed;k vmwJt h cg jrif;ysw

'gayr,fh ol@&t hJ =uu H kd jrif;ysu

tJ'DtcsdefrSm rdcifaps;a&mif;&mrSjyefvm+yD;jrif; ysHudkawG@oGm;w,f?

aemufq;kH rSm om;trdEpS af ,mufjrif;ysu H w

bd;k apmawm (armeif;pwm;pmapmif/ twGJ 3/ tkyaf & 9/

ysi;f &daomESaH umifuav;

wpfcgutvGeyf si;f &dwEhJ aHS umifuav;wpfaumif±o dS wJ?h ol[mwpfae‹

u&ifb;kd bGm;bDbifrsm;\qd½k ;kd yHjk yif

a±S;a±S;wkef;u bd;k bGm;bDbifawG[m trSew f &m;udk cspfcifjrwfE;dk =u+yD;

wpfcgu tzd;k tdw k pfa,muf±w dS ,f? ol[m awmif,mvkyjf cif;eJ@ touf

twGuf oltqifoifjh zpfae+y;D ? wpfnae ol[m awmif,majc&if;qDomG ;

tzd;k tdk/ “rdwaf qG -- zm;aumufv@dk &vm;?”

olawmfpif/ “rdwaf qGa& -- cifAsm;a&mufvmwm u|eaf wmf0rf;omw,f?

olawmfpifu orD;rde;f rysKd av;awGyJ ac:vmw,f? olw@kdtwlw0l ikd ;f 0ef;+y;D

xrif;pm;csed af &mufawmh olw@kd &u hJ av;awGuakd c:+y;D xrif;pm;=uw,f?

aemufwpfae@ rd;k vif;vmawmh tzd;k td[

w,f/ olawmfpifu ol@om;a,mufsm;av;awGuykd J ac:vmw,f? awmif

olawmfpifawG[m ±d;k om;r_e@J trSew f &m;udk cspcf ifjrwfE;kd =uw,f? od@k ay

oGm;w,f? ,keaf wG[m&efojl zpfwu hJ sm;udjk rifwt

usm;[m,keaf wGuakd wG‹wht J cgolw‹kd tem;oGm;+yD;ruyf0b hH l;? ,keaf wG&hJ

'ga=umifhusm;[m,keaf wG&heJ m;udkcsOf;uyfoGm;+yD;,kefawGudk “taqG

'Dvekd ‹J tjcm;,keaf wGuv kd nf;wpfaumif+y;D wpfaumif'eD nf;twdik ;f ajrm‡ uf

aemufq;kH ,keaf wG[mpdw0f rf;uGu J mcGx

wpfcgu om;tzig;a,muf±w dS ,f? olw@kd [m qif;&JErG ;f yg;olrsm;jzpf=u

yxrwpfa,muf aA'ifwu G w f t hJ wwfynmudk oGm;oif,w l ,f? 'kw,d

wpfae@rmS / bk&ifu/ “u|Eykf o f rD;awmfaysmufomG ;+y;D tptevJrawG@b;l ?

bk&ifqDjyefa&mufawmh/ “t±Sifbk&m;&Jh*wdtwdkif; bk&ifhorD;awmfudk

bk&ifu/ “aumif;+y/D 'Dvq

olw@kd [m 0rf;ajrmuf0rf;omeJ@ zcifqjD yefvm=u+y;D &±Sw d q hJ vk 'fuakd jym

wpfcgwek ;f u+cw H pf+cxH rJ mS =uufuav;eJ‹awma=umifwpfaumif±w dS ,f?

zcif[m orD;awGvckd siw f t

orD;}u;D vdck siwf hJ *g0eftuôsu0kd ,fay;+y;D tvSuek yf pPn;f a&mif;wJq h ikd u

ol[marmyef;vd@k vrf;ab;rSm±Sw d hJ urf;eHab;ausmufw;kH }u;D udk rS+D y;D tdyf

zcif}u;D [m ESpòf cu d pf mG tdyaf ysmo

}u;D [m a=umuf±@HGpmG eJ@ tdraf tmufuu kd wkeu f ,ife@J i@kH =unfv h u

zcif}u;D [m tdru f jkdyefa&mufvmwJt h cg 0,fvmwJyh pPn;f awG wpfc+k y;D wpf

zcif[m orD;axG;udv k rf;wpfav#mufac:oGm;+y;D ±GmeJ@wpfjznf;jznf;a0;

t&ifuvdyk J zcif[m rd;k vif;cge;D rSm ajrivsiv f y_ o

udk tpm;taomufrsm;ay;+y;D ±Gmudjk yefcikd ;f vdu k w f ,f? zcifu tpm;t

raxG;av;eJ@b&k ifo h m;awmf[m pum;awGajym=u+y;D bk&ifo h m;awmfu

aemfaeom;xl; (28/ 04/ 2006)