Resolução Do Capítulo 8 - Atrito

PROBLEM 8.
1
Determine whether the block shown is in equilibrium, and find the
magnitude and direction of the friction force when θ = 30o and
P = 200 N.
SOLUTION
FBD block:
ΣFn = 0: N − (1000 N ) cos 30° − ( 200 N ) sin 30° = 0
N = 966.03 N
Assume equilibrium:
ΣFt = 0: F + ( 200 N ) cos 30° − (1000 N ) sin 30° = 0
F = 326.8 N = Feq.
But Fmax = µ s N = ( 0.3) 966 N = 290 N
Feq. > Fmax impossible ⇒ Block moves
and F = µk N
= ( 0.2 )( 966.03 N )
Block slides down F = 193.2 N

PROBLEM 8.2
P = 400 N.
SOLUTION
FBD block:
ΣFn = 0: N − (1000 N ) cos35° − ( 400 N ) sin 35° = 0
N = 1048.6 N
Assume equilibrium:
ΣFt = 0: F − (1000 N ) sin 35° + ( 400 N ) cos 35° = 0
F = 246 N = Feq.
Fmax = µ s N = ( 0.3)(1048.6 N ) = 314 N
Feq. < Fmax OK equilibrium
∴ F = 246 N
PROBLEM 8.3
Determine whether the 20-lb block shown is in equilibrium, and find the
magnitude and direction of the friction force when P = 8 lb and θ = 20°.
SOLUTION
FBD block:
ΣFn = 0: N − ( 20 lb ) cos 20° + ( 8 lb ) sin 20° = 0
N = 16.0577 lb
Fmax = µ s N = ( 0.3)(16.0577 lb ) = 4.817 lb
Assume equilibrium:
ΣFt = 0: (8 lb ) cos 20° − ( 20 lb ) sin 20° − F =0
F = 0.6771 lb = Feq.
and F = 0.677 lb
PROBLEM 8.4
magnitude and direction of the friction force when P = 12.5 lb and
θ = 15°.
SOLUTION
FBD block:
ΣFn = 0: N − ( 20 lb ) cos 20° + (12.5 lb ) sin15° = 0
N = 15.559 lb
Fmax = µ s N = ( 0.3)(15.559 lb ) = 4.668 lb
Assume equilibrium:
ΣFt = 0: (12.5 lb ) cos15° − ( 20 lb ) sin 20° − F =0
F = 5.23 lb = Feq.
but Feq. > Fmax impossible, so block slides up
and F = µk N = ( 0.25 )(15.559 lb )
F = 3.89 lb
PROBLEM 8.5
Knowing that θ = 25°, determine the range of values of P for which
equilibrium is maintained.
SOLUTION
FBD block:
Block is in equilibrium:
ΣFn = 0: N − ( 20 lb ) cos 20° + P sin 25° = 0
N = 18.794 lb − P sin 25°
ΣFt = 0: F − ( 20 lb ) sin 20° + P cos 25° = 0
or F = 6.840 lb − P cos 25°
Impending motion up: F = µs N ; Impending motion down: F = − µ s N
Therefore, 6.840 lb − P cos 25° = ± ( 0.3)(18.794 lb − P sin 25° )
Pup = 12.08 lb Pdown = 1.542 lb
1.542 lb ≤ Peq. ≤ 12.08 lb

PROBLEM 8.6
Knowing that the coefficient of friction between the 60-lb block and the
incline is µ s = 0.25, determine (a) the smallest value of P for which
motion of the block up the incline is impending, (b) the corresponding
value of β.
SOLUTION
FBD block (impending motion up)
φ s = tan −1 µ s = tan −1 ( 0.25 ) = 14.04°
(a) Note: For minimum P, P ⊥ R so β = φ s
Then P = W sin ( 30° + φ s )
= ( 60 lb ) sin 44.04° = 41.71 lb
Pmin = 41.7 lb
(b) Have β = φ s β = 14.04°

PROBLEM 8.7
Considering only values of θ less than 90° , determine the smallest value
of θ for which motion of the block to the right is impending when
(a) m = 30 kg, (b) m = 40 kg.
SOLUTION
FBD block (impending motion to

the right)
φ s = tan −1 µ s = tan −1 ( 0.25 ) = 14.036°
P W
=
sin φs sin (θ − φ s )
W
sin (θ − φs ) = sin φ s W = mg
P
(a) m = 30 kg: θ − φ s = sin −1  (

 ( 30 kg ) 9.81 m/s 2 ) sin14.036°
 120 N 
= 36.499°
∴ θ = 36.499° + 14.036° or θ = 50.5°
(b) m = 40 kg: θ − φs = sin −1 

(
 ( 40 kg ) 9.81 m/s 2 ) 
sin14.036° 
 120 N 
= 52.474°
∴ θ = 52.474° + 14.036° or θ = 66.5°

PROBLEM 8.8
incline is µ s = 0.25 , determine (a) the smallest value of P required to
maintain the block in equilibrium, (b) the corresponding value of β .
SOLUTION
FBD block (impending motion

downward)
φ s = tan −1 µ s = tan −1 ( 0.25 ) = 14.036°
(a) Note: For minimum P, P⊥R
So β = α = 90° − ( 30° + 14.036° ) = 45.964°
and P = ( 30 lb ) sin α = ( 30 lb ) sin ( 45.964° ) = 21.567 lb
P = 21.6 lb
(b) β = 46.0°
PROBLEM 8.9
A 6-kg block is at rest as shown. Determine the positive range of values
of θ for which the block is in equilibrium if (a) θ is less than 90°,
(b) θ is between 90° and 180°.
SOLUTION
FBD block (impending motion)
φ s = tan −1 µ s = tan −1 ( 0.4 ) = 21.801°
(a) 0° ≤ θ ≤ 90° : 58.86 N

=
40 N
sin (θ − φs ) sinφ s
58.86 N
θ − φ s = sin −1 sin ( 21.801° )
40 N
= 33.127°, 146.873°
θ = 54.9° and θ = 168.674°
∴ (a) Equilibrium for 0 ≤ θ ≤ 54.9°
(b) 90° ≤ θ ≤ 180° : (b) and for 168.7° ≤ θ ≤ 180.0°

PROBLEM 8.10
Knowing that P = 25 lb, determine the range of values of θ for which
equilibrium of the 18-lb block is maintained.
SOLUTION

down)
φ s = tan −1 µ s = tan −1 ( 0.45 ) = 24.228°
25 lb 18 lb
=
sin ( 90° − φ s ) sin (θ + φs )
 18 lb 
θ + φs = sin −1  sin ( 90° − 24.228° )  = 41.04°
 25 lb 
θ = 16.81°
Impending motion up:
25 lb 18 lb
=
sin ( 90° + φs ) sin (θ − φs )
 18 lb 
θ − φ s = sin −1  sin ( 90° + 24.228° )  = 41.04°
 25 lb 
θ = 65.27°
Equilibrium for 16.81° ≤ θ ≤ 65.3°

PROBLEM 8.1
P = 200 N.
SOLUTION
FBD block:
ΣFn = 0: N − (1000 N ) cos 30° − ( 200 N ) sin 30° = 0
N = 966.03 N
Assume equilibrium:
ΣFt = 0: F + ( 200 N ) cos 30° − (1000 N ) sin 30° = 0
F = 326.8 N = Feq.
But Fmax = µ s N = ( 0.3) 966 N = 290 N
Feq. > Fmax impossible ⇒ Block moves
and F = µk N
= ( 0.2 )( 966.03 N )
Block slides down F = 193.2 N

PROBLEM 8.2
P = 400 N.
SOLUTION
FBD block:
ΣFn = 0: N − (1000 N ) cos35° − ( 400 N ) sin 35° = 0
N = 1048.6 N
Assume equilibrium:
ΣFt = 0: F − (1000 N ) sin 35° + ( 400 N ) cos 35° = 0
F = 246 N = Feq.
Fmax = µ s N = ( 0.3)(1048.6 N ) = 314 N
∴ F = 246 N
PROBLEM 8.3
magnitude and direction of the friction force when P = 8 lb and θ = 20°.
SOLUTION
FBD block:
ΣFn = 0: N − ( 20 lb ) cos 20° + ( 8 lb ) sin 20° = 0
N = 16.0577 lb
Fmax = µ s N = ( 0.3)(16.0577 lb ) = 4.817 lb
Assume equilibrium:
ΣFt = 0: (8 lb ) cos 20° − ( 20 lb ) sin 20° − F =0
F = 0.6771 lb = Feq.
and F = 0.677 lb
PROBLEM 8.4
magnitude and direction of the friction force when P = 12.5 lb and
θ = 15°.
SOLUTION
FBD block:
ΣFn = 0: N − ( 20 lb ) cos 20° + (12.5 lb ) sin15° = 0
N = 15.559 lb
Fmax = µ s N = ( 0.3)(15.559 lb ) = 4.668 lb
Assume equilibrium:
ΣFt = 0: (12.5 lb ) cos15° − ( 20 lb ) sin 20° − F =0
F = 5.23 lb = Feq.
but Feq. > Fmax impossible, so block slides up
and F = µk N = ( 0.25 )(15.559 lb )
F = 3.89 lb
PROBLEM 8.5
Knowing that θ = 25°, determine the range of values of P for which
SOLUTION
FBD block:
Block is in equilibrium:
ΣFn = 0: N − ( 20 lb ) cos 20° + P sin 25° = 0
N = 18.794 lb − P sin 25°
ΣFt = 0: F − ( 20 lb ) sin 20° + P cos 25° = 0
or F = 6.840 lb − P cos 25°
Impending motion up: F = µs N ; Impending motion down: F = − µ s N
Therefore, 6.840 lb − P cos 25° = ± ( 0.3)(18.794 lb − P sin 25° )
Pup = 12.08 lb Pdown = 1.542 lb
1.542 lb ≤ Peq. ≤ 12.08 lb

PROBLEM 8.6
incline is µ s = 0.25, determine (a) the smallest value of P for which
motion of the block up the incline is impending, (b) the corresponding
value of β.
SOLUTION
FBD block (impending motion up)
φ s = tan −1 µ s = tan −1 ( 0.25 ) = 14.04°
(a) Note: For minimum P, P ⊥ R so β = φ s
Then P = W sin ( 30° + φ s )
= ( 60 lb ) sin 44.04° = 41.71 lb
Pmin = 41.7 lb
(b) Have β = φ s β = 14.04°

PROBLEM 8.7
Considering only values of θ less than 90° , determine the smallest value
of θ for which motion of the block to the right is impending when
(a) m = 30 kg, (b) m = 40 kg.
SOLUTION
FBD block (impending motion to

the right)
φ s = tan −1 µ s = tan −1 ( 0.25 ) = 14.036°
P W
=
sin φs sin (θ − φ s )
W
sin (θ − φs ) = sin φ s W = mg
P
(a) m = 30 kg: θ − φ s = sin −1  (

 ( 30 kg ) 9.81 m/s 2 ) sin14.036°
 120 N 
= 36.499°
∴ θ = 36.499° + 14.036° or θ = 50.5°
(b) m = 40 kg: θ − φs = sin −1 

(
 ( 40 kg ) 9.81 m/s 2 ) 
sin14.036° 
 120 N 
= 52.474°
∴ θ = 52.474° + 14.036° or θ = 66.5°

PROBLEM 8.8
incline is µ s = 0.25 , determine (a) the smallest value of P required to
maintain the block in equilibrium, (b) the corresponding value of β .
SOLUTION

downward)
φ s = tan −1 µ s = tan −1 ( 0.25 ) = 14.036°
(a) Note: For minimum P, P⊥R
So β = α = 90° − ( 30° + 14.036° ) = 45.964°
and P = ( 30 lb ) sin α = ( 30 lb ) sin ( 45.964° ) = 21.567 lb
P = 21.6 lb
(b) β = 46.0°
PROBLEM 8.9
A 6-kg block is at rest as shown. Determine the positive range of values
of θ for which the block is in equilibrium if (a) θ is less than 90°,
(b) θ is between 90° and 180°.
SOLUTION
FBD block (impending motion)
φ s = tan −1 µ s = tan −1 ( 0.4 ) = 21.801°
(a) 0° ≤ θ ≤ 90° : 58.86 N

=
40 N
sin (θ − φs ) sinφ s
58.86 N
θ − φ s = sin −1 sin ( 21.801° )
40 N
= 33.127°, 146.873°
θ = 54.9° and θ = 168.674°
∴ (a) Equilibrium for 0 ≤ θ ≤ 54.9°
(b) 90° ≤ θ ≤ 180° : (b) and for 168.7° ≤ θ ≤ 180.0°

PROBLEM 8.10
Knowing that P = 25 lb, determine the range of values of θ for which
equilibrium of the 18-lb block is maintained.
SOLUTION

down)
φ s = tan −1 µ s = tan −1 ( 0.45 ) = 24.228°
25 lb 18 lb
=
sin ( 90° − φ s ) sin (θ + φs )
 18 lb 
θ + φs = sin −1  sin ( 90° − 24.228° )  = 41.04°
 25 lb 
θ = 16.81°
25 lb 18 lb
=
sin ( 90° + φs ) sin (θ − φs )
 18 lb 
θ − φ s = sin −1  sin ( 90° + 24.228° )  = 41.04°
 25 lb 
θ = 65.27°
Equilibrium for 16.81° ≤ θ ≤ 65.3°

PROBLEM 8.11
The coefficients of friction are µ s = 0.40 and µ k = 0.30 between all
surfaces of contact. Determine the force P for which motion of the 60-lb
block is impending if cable AB (a) is attached as shown, (b) is removed.
SOLUTION
(a) Note: With the cable, motion must impend at both contact surfaces.
FBDs
Top block: ΣFy = 0: N1 − 40 lb = 0 N1 = 40 lb
Impending slip: F1 = µ s N1 = 0.4 ( 40 lb ) = 16 lb
ΣFx = 0: T − F1 = 0 T − 16 lb = 0 T = 16 lb
ΣFy = 0: N 2 − 40 lb − 60 lb = 0 N 2 = 100 lb
Impending slip: F2 = µ s N 2 = 0.4 (100 lb ) = 40 lb

Bottom block:
ΣFx = 0: − P + 16 lb + 16 lb + 40 lb = 0
P = 72.0 lb
(b) Without the cable, both blocks will stay together and motion will
impend only at the floor.
FBD blocks:
ΣFy = 0: N − 40 lb − 60 lb = 0 N = 100 lb
Impending slip: F = µ s N = 0.4 (100 lb ) = 40 lb
ΣFx = 0: 40 lb − P = 0
P = 40.0 lb
PROBLEM 8.12
SOLUTION
(a) With the cable, motion must impend at both surfaces.
FBDs
ΣFy = 0: N 2 − 40 lb − 60 lb = 0 N 2 = 100 lb
Impending slip: F2 = µ N 2 = 0.4 (100 lb ) = 40 lb
Bottom block: ΣFx = 0: 16 lb + 40 lb − P = 0 P = 56 lb
P = 56.0 lb
(b) Without the cable, both blocks stay together and motion will impend
at the floor surface only.
FBD blocks:
ΣFy = 0: N − 40 lb − 60 lb = 0 N = 100 lb
ΣFx = 0: − P + 40 lb = 0 P = 40 lb
P = 40.0 lb
PROBLEM 8.13
The 8-kg block A is attached to link AC and rests on the 12-kg block B.
Knowing that the coefficient of static friction is 0.20 between all surfaces
of contact and neglecting the mass of the link, determine the value of θ
for which motion of block B is impending.
SOLUTION
FBDs:
Motion must impend at both contact surfaces

Block A: ΣFy = 0: N1 − WA = 0 N1 = WA
Block B: ΣFy = 0: N 2 − N1 − WB = 0
N 2 = N1 + WB = WA + WB
Impending motion: F1 = µ s N1 = µ sWA
F2 = µ s N 2 = µ s ( N1 + WB )
Block B: ΣFx = 0: 50 N − F1 − F2 = 0
or 50 N = µ s ( N1 + N1 + WB ) = 0.2 ( 2 N1 + 117.72 N )
N1 = 66.14 N F1 = 0.2 ( 66.14 N ) = 13.228 N
Block A: ΣFx = 0: 13.228 N − FAC cosθ = 0
or FAC cosθ = 13.228 N (1)

ΣFy = 0: 66.14 N − 78.48 N + FAC sinθ = 0
or FAC sin θ = 78.48 N − 66.14 N (2)
Eq. (2) 78.48 N − 66.14 N

Then, tan θ =
Eq. (1) 13.228 N
θ = 43.0°
PROBLEM 8.14
The 8-kg block A and the 16-kg block B are at rest on an incline as
shown. Knowing that the coefficient of static friction is 0.25 between all
surfaces of contact, determine the value of θ for which motion is
impending.
SOLUTION
FBDs:
ΣFx = 0: F1 − T = 0 T = F1 = µ sWA
Block B: ΣFy′ = 0: N 2 − ( N1 + WB ) cosθ − F1 sin θ = 0
N 2 = 3WA cosθ + µ sWA sin θ
= WA ( 3cosθ + 0.25sin θ )
Impending motion: F2 = µ s N 2 = 0.25WA ( 3cosθ + 0.25sin θ )
ΣFx′ = 0: − T − F2 − F1 cosθ + ( N1 + WB ) sin θ = 0
 −0.25 − 0.25 ( 3cosθ + 0.25sin θ ) − 0.25cosθ + 3sinθ  WA = 0
or 47sinθ − 16cosθ − 4 = 0
Solving numerically θ = 23.4°
PROBLEM 8.15
A 48-kg cabinet is mounted on casters which can be locked to prevent
their rotation. The coefficient of static friction between the floor and each
caster is 0.30. Knowing that h = 640 mm, determine the magnitude of
the force P required for impending motion of the cabinet to the right (a) if
all casters are locked, (b) if the casters at B are locked and the casters at A
are free to rotate, (c) if the casters at A are locked and the casters at B are
free to rotate.
SOLUTION
FBD cabinet: Note: For tipping, N A = FA = 0
ΣM B = 0: ( 0.24 m )W − ( 0.64 m ) Ptip =0 Ptip = 0.375W
(a) All casters locked: Impending slip: FA = µ s N A , FB = µ s N B
ΣFy = 0: N A + N B − W = 0 N A + NB = W
So FA + FB = µ sW
ΣFx = 0: P − FA − FB = 0 P = FA + FB = µ sW
∴ P = 0.3 ( 470.88 N ) or P = 141.3 N
( P = 0.3W < Ptip OK )

(
W = 48 kg 9.81 m/s 2 ) (b) Casters at A free, so FA = 0
= 470.88 N
Impending slip: FB = µ s N B
µ s = 0.3
ΣFx = 0: P − FB = 0
P
P = FB = µ s N B NB =
µs
ΣM A = 0: ( 0.64 m ) P + ( 0.24 m )W − ( 0.48 m ) N B =0
P
8P + 3W − 6 =0 P = 0.25W
0.3
( P = 0.25W < Ptip OK )

∴ P = 0.25 ( 470.88 N ) P = 117.7 N
PROBLEM 8.15 CONTINUED
(c) Casters at B free, so FB = 0
Impending slip: FA = µ s N A
ΣFx = 0: P − FA = 0 P = FA = µ s N A
P P
NA = =
µs 0.3
ΣM B = 0: ( 0.24 m )W − ( 0.64 m ) P − ( 0.48 m ) N A =0
P
3W − 8P − 6 =0 P = 0.10714W = 50.45 N
0.3
( P < Ptip OK )
P = 50.5 N
PROBLEM 8.16
their rotation. The coefficient of static friction between the floor and
each caster is 0.30. Assuming that the casters at A and B are locked,
determine (a) the force P required for impending motion of the cabinet
to the right, (b) the largest allowable height h if the cabinet in not to tip
over.
SOLUTION
FBD cabinet: (a) ΣFy = 0: N A + N B − W = 0; N A + NB = W
Impending slip: FA = µ s N A , FB = µ s N B
So FA + FB = µ sW
P = 0.3 ( 470.88 N ) = 141.26 N
P = 141.3 N
(b) For tipping, N A = FA = 0
ΣM B = 0: hP − ( 0.24 m )W = 0
(
W = 48 kg 9.81 m/s 2 ) hmax = ( 0.24 m )
W
= ( 0.24 m )
1
=
0.24 m
P µs 0.3
= 470.88 N
hmax = 0.800 m
PROBLEM 8.17
The cylinder shown is of weight W and radius r, and the coefficient of
static friction µ s is the same at A and B. Determine the magnitude of the
largest couple M which can be applied to the cylinder if it is not to rotate.
SOLUTION
For maximum M, motion impends at both A and B
FBD cylinder:
FA = µ s N A, FB = µ s N B
ΣFx = 0: N A − FB = 0 N A = FB = µ s N B
FA = µ s N A = µ s2 N B
ΣFy = 0: N B + FA − W = 0 N B + µ s2 N B = W
W
or NB =
1 + µ s2
µ sW
and FB =
1 + µ s2
µ s2W
FA =
1 + µ2
ΣM C = 0: M − r ( FA + FB ) = 0
(
M = r µ s + µ s2 ) 1 +Wµ 2
s
1 + µs
M max = Wr µ s
1 + µ s2
PROBLEM 8.18
The cylinder shown is of weight W and radius r. Express in terms of W
and r the magnitude of the largest couple M which can be applied to the
cylinder if it is not to rotate assuming that the coefficient of static friction
is (a) zero at A and 0.36 at B, (b) 0.30 at A and 0.36 at B.
SOLUTION
FBD cylinder:
FA = µ A N A; FB = µ B N B
ΣFx = 0: N A − FB = 0 N A = FB = µ B N B
FA = µ A N A = µ Aµ B N B
ΣFy = 0: N B + FA − W = 0 N B (1 + µ Aµ B ) = W
1
or NB = W
1 + µ Aµ B
µB
and FB = µ B N B = W
1 + µ Aµ B
µ Aµ B
FA = µ Aµ B N B = W
1 + µ Aµ B
1 + µA
ΣM C = 0: M − r ( FA + FB ) = 0 M = Wr µ B
1 + µ Aµ B
(a) For µA = 0 and µ B = 0.36
M = 0.360Wr
(b) For µ A = 0.30 and µ B = 0.36
M = 0.422Wr
PROBLEM 8.19
The hydraulic cylinder shown exerts a force of 680 lb directed to the right
on point B and to the left on point E. Determine the magnitude of the
couple M required to rotate the drum clockwise at a constant speed.
SOLUTION
FBDs Drum:
Rotating drum ⇒ slip at both sides; constant speed ⇒ equilibrium
∴ F1 = µ k N1 = 0.3N1; F2 = µk N 2 = 0.3N 2
AB: ΣM A = 0: ( 6 in.)( 680 lb ) + ( 6 in.)( F1 ) − (18 in.) N1 = 0

 18 in. 
F1  − 6 in.  = ( 6 in.)( 680 lb ) or F1 = 75.555 lb
 0.3 
DE: ΣM D = 0: ( 6 in.) F2 + (18 in.) N 2 − ( 6 in.)( 680 lb ) = 0

 18 in. 
F2  6 in. +  = ( 6 in.)( 680 lb ) or F2 = 61.818 lb
 0.3 
Drum: ΣM C = 0: r ( F1 + F2 ) − M = 0
M = (10 in.)( 75.555 + 61.818 ) lb
M = 1374 lb ⋅ in.
PROBLEM 8.20
A couple M of magnitude 70 lb ⋅ ft is applied to the drum as shown.
Determine the smallest force which must be exerted by the hydraulic
cylinder on joints B and E if the drum is not to rotate.
SOLUTION
FBDs DE: Drum:
For minimum T, slip impends at both sides, so

F1 = µ s N1 = 0.4 N1 F2 = µ s N 2 = 0.4 N 2
AB: ΣM A = 0: ( 6 in.)T + ( 6 in.) F1 − (18 in.) N1 = 0

 18 in.  T
F1  − 6 in.  = ( 6 in.) T or F1 =
 0.4  6.5
DE: ΣM D = 0: ( 6 in.) F2 + (18 in.) N 2 − ( 6 in.) T =0
 18 in.  T
F2  6 in. +  = ( 6 in.) T or F2 =
 0.4  8.5
Drum: ΣM C = 0: (10 in.) (F1 + F2 ) − 840 lb ⋅ in. = 0

 1 1 
T +  = 84 lb
 6.5 8.5 
T = 309 lb
PROBLEM 8.21
A 19.5-ft ladder AB leans against a wall as shown. Assuming that the
coefficient of static friction µ s is the same at A and B, determine the
smallest value of µ s for which equilibrium is maintained.
SOLUTION
Motion impends at both A and B.
FBD ladder:
FA = µ s N A FB = µ s N B
ΣFx = 0: FA − N B = 0 or N B = FA = µ s N A
Then FB = µ s N B = µ s2 N A
ΣFy = 0: N A − W + FB = 0 or ( )
N A 1 + µ s2 = W
a
ΣM O = 0: bN B + W − aN A = 0
2
or aN A − bµ s N A =
a
2
a
(
W = N A 1 + µ s2
2
)
a = 7.5 ft µ s2 +
2b
µs − 1 = 0
a
b = 18 ft
2
b b
µs = − ±   + 1 = −2.4 ± 2.6
a a
The positive root is physically possible. Therefore, µ s = 0.200

PROBLEM 8.22
SOLUTION
Motion impends at both A and B, so
FBD ladder:
FA = µ s N A and FB = µ s N B
a a 7.5 ft
ΣM A = 0: lN B − W =0 or NB = W = W
2 2l 39 ft
2.5
or NB = W
13
2.5W
Then FB = µ s N B = µ s
13
5 12
ΣFx = 0: FA + FB − NB = 0
13 13
12.5 30
µs N A + µ sW − W =0
(13) 2
(13)2
NA −
W ( 30 − 12.5µ s )
(13) 2
µs
a = 7.5 ft
12 5
l = 19.5 ft ΣFy = 0: N A − W + FB + NB = 0
13 13
a 5  30 − 12.5µ s  W
= + 30µ s + 12.5  =W

 (13)
l 13 µ 2
 s
b 12
=
l 13 or µ s2 − 5.6333µ s + 1 = 0
µ s = 2.8167 ± 2.6332
or µ s = 0.1835 and µ s = 5.45
The larger value is very unlikely unless the surface is treated with
some “non-skid” material.
In any event, the smallest value for equilibrium is µ s = 0.1835
PROBLEM 8.23
End A of a slender, uniform rod of weight W and length L bears on a
horizontal surface as shown, while end B is supported by a cord BC of
length L. Knowing that the coefficient of static friction is 0.40, determine
(a) the value of θ for which motion is impending, (b) the corresponding
value of the tension in the cord.
SOLUTION
L L 
(a) Geometry: BE = cosθ DE =  cosθ  tan β
FBD rod: 2 2 
L cosθ
EF = L sin θ DF =
2 tan φ s
1  L cosθ
So L  cosθ tan β + sin θ  =
2  2 tan φs
1 1 1
or tan β + 2 tan θ = = = = 2.5 (1)
tan φ s µ s 0.4
Also, L sin θ + L sin β = L
or sin θ + sin β = 1 (2)
Solving Eqs. (1) and (2) numerically θ1 = 4.62° β1 = 66.85°

θ 2 = 48.20° β 2 = 14.75°
Therefore, θ = 4.62° and θ = 48.2°
(b) Now φ s = tan −1 µ s = tan −1 0.4 = 21.801°
T W
and =
sin φs sin ( 90 + β − φ s )
sin φs
or T =W
sin ( 90 + β − φ s )
For θ = 4.62° T = 0.526W
θ = 48.2° T = 0.374W
PROBLEM 8.24
A slender rod of length L is lodged between peg C and the vertical wall
and supports a load P at end A. Knowing that the coefficient of static
friction between the peg and the rod is 0.25 and neglecting friction at the
roller, determine the range of values of the ratio L/a for which
SOLUTION
a
ΣM B = 0: N − L sin 30°P = 0
FBD rod: sin 30°
L 2 LP
N = sin 30°P =
a a 4
Impending motion at C : down → F = µ s N  N
F = ±
up → F = − µ s N  4
ΣFy = 0: F cos 30° + N sin 30° − P = 0
L P 3 LP1
± + = P
a 16 2 a 42
L 1 3
 ±  =1
a  8 32 
L 32
=
a 4± 3
L L
or = 5.583 and = 14.110
a a
L
For equilibrium: 5.58 ≤ ≤ 14.11
a
PROBLEM 8.25
The basic components of a clamping device are bar AB, locking plate CD,
and lever EFG; the dimensions of the slot in CD are slightly larger than
those of the cross section of AB. To engage the clamp, AB is pushed
against the workpiece, and then force P is applied. Knowing that
P = 160 N and neglecting the friction force between the lever and the
plate, determine the smallest allowable value of the static coefficient of
friction between the bar and the plate.
SOLUTION
FBD Plate:
DC is three-force member and motion impends at C and D (for minimum

µ s ).
OCG = 20° + φs ODG = 20° − φ s
 24 mm 
OG = (10 mm ) tan ( 20° + φs ) =  + 10 mm  tan ( 20° − φs )
 sin70° 
or tan ( 20° + φ s ) = 3.5540 tan ( 20° − φs )
Solving numerically φ s = 10.565°
Now µ s = tan φs
so that µ s = 0.1865
PROBLEM 8.26
A window sash having a mass of 4 kg is normally supported by two 2-kg
sash weights. Knowing that the window remains open after one sash cord
has broken, determine the smallest possible value of the coefficient of
static friction. (Assume that the sash is slightly smaller that the frame and
will bind only at points A and D.)
SOLUTION
FBD window: ( )
T = ( 2 kg ) 9.81 m/s 2 = 19.62 N =
W
2
ΣFx = 0: N A − ND = 0 N A = ND
Impending motion: FA = µ s N A FD = µ s N D
ΣM D = 0: ( 0.36 m )W − ( 0.54 m ) N A − ( 0.72 m ) FA =0
3
W = N A + 2µ s N A
2
2W
NA =
3 + 4µ s
( )
W = ( 4 kg ) 9.81 m/s 2 = 39.24 N
ΣFy = 0: FA − W + T + FD = 0
FA + FD = W − T
W
=
2
Now FA + FD = µ s ( N A + N D ) = 2µ s N A
W 2W
Then = 2µ s
2 3 + 4µ s
or µ s = 0.750
PROBLEM 8.27
The steel-plate clamp shown is used to lift a steel plate H of mass 250 kg.
Knowing that the normal force exerted on steel cam EG by pin D forms
an angle of 40° with the horizontal and neglecting the friction force
between the cam and the pin, determine the smallest allowable value of
the coefficient of static friction.
SOLUTION
(Note: P is vertical as AB is two force member; also P = W since
FBDs: clamp + plate is a two force FBD)
BCD:
ΣM C = 0: ( 0.37 m ) P − ( 0.46 m ) N D cos 40°

− ( 0.06 m ) N D sin 40° = 0
or N D = 0.94642P = 0.94642W
EG:
ΣM E = 0: ( 0.18 m ) NG − ( 0.26 m ) FG − ( 0.26 m ) N D cos 40° = 0
Impending motion: FG = µ s NG
Combining (18 + 26µs ) NG = 19.9172 N D
= 18.850W
W W
Plate: From plate: FG = so that NG =
2 2µ s
W
Then (18 + 26µs ) = 18.85W
2µ s
µ s = 0.283
PROBLEM 8.28
The 5-in.-radius cam shown is used to control the motion of the plate CD.
Knowing that the coefficient of static friction between the cam and the
plate is 0.45 and neglecting friction at the roller supports, determine
(a) the force P for which motion of the plate is impending knowing that
the plate is 1 in. thick, (b) the largest thickness of the plate for which the
mechanism is self-locking, (that is, for which the plate cannot be moved
however large the force P may be).
SOLUTION
FBDs: From plate: ΣFx = 0: F − P = 0 F = P
5 in. − t
From cam geometry: cosθ =
5 in.
ΣM A = 0: ( 5 in.) sin θ  N − ( 5 in.) cosθ  F − ( 5 in.) Q = 0
Impending motion: F = µs N
So N sin θ − µ s N cosθ = Q = 15 lb
Q
N =
sin θ − µ s cosθ
µ sQ
So P = F = µs N =
4 in.
(a) t = 1 in. ⇒ cosθ = = 0.8; sin θ = 0.6
5 in.
P=
( 0.45)(15 lb ) = 28.125 lb; P = 28.1 lb
0.6 − ( 0.45 )( 0.8 )
µ sQ
(b) P → ∞ : sin θ − µ s cosθ = 0
P
Thus tan θ → µ s = 0.45 so that θ = 24.228°
But ( 5 in.) cosθ = 5 in. − t or t = ( 5 in.) (1 − cosθ )
t = 0.440 in.
PROBLEM 8.11
SOLUTION
(a) Note: With the cable, motion must impend at both contact surfaces.
FBDs
ΣFx = 0: T − F1 = 0 T − 16 lb = 0 T = 16 lb
ΣFy = 0: N 2 − 40 lb − 60 lb = 0 N 2 = 100 lb
Impending slip: F2 = µ s N 2 = 0.4 (100 lb ) = 40 lb

Bottom block:
ΣFx = 0: − P + 16 lb + 16 lb + 40 lb = 0
P = 72.0 lb
(b) Without the cable, both blocks will stay together and motion will
impend only at the floor.
FBD blocks:
ΣFy = 0: N − 40 lb − 60 lb = 0 N = 100 lb
ΣFx = 0: 40 lb − P = 0
P = 40.0 lb
PROBLEM 8.12
SOLUTION
(a) With the cable, motion must impend at both surfaces.
FBDs
ΣFy = 0: N 2 − 40 lb − 60 lb = 0 N 2 = 100 lb
Impending slip: F2 = µ N 2 = 0.4 (100 lb ) = 40 lb
Bottom block: ΣFx = 0: 16 lb + 40 lb − P = 0 P = 56 lb
P = 56.0 lb
(b) Without the cable, both blocks stay together and motion will impend
at the floor surface only.
FBD blocks:
ΣFy = 0: N − 40 lb − 60 lb = 0 N = 100 lb
ΣFx = 0: − P + 40 lb = 0 P = 40 lb
P = 40.0 lb
PROBLEM 8.13
The 8-kg block A is attached to link AC and rests on the 12-kg block B.
Knowing that the coefficient of static friction is 0.20 between all surfaces
of contact and neglecting the mass of the link, determine the value of θ
for which motion of block B is impending.
SOLUTION
FBDs:
Motion must impend at both contact surfaces

Block B: ΣFy = 0: N 2 − N1 − WB = 0
N 2 = N1 + WB = WA + WB
F2 = µ s N 2 = µ s ( N1 + WB )
Block B: ΣFx = 0: 50 N − F1 − F2 = 0
or 50 N = µ s ( N1 + N1 + WB ) = 0.2 ( 2 N1 + 117.72 N )
N1 = 66.14 N F1 = 0.2 ( 66.14 N ) = 13.228 N
Block A: ΣFx = 0: 13.228 N − FAC cosθ = 0
or FAC cosθ = 13.228 N (1)

ΣFy = 0: 66.14 N − 78.48 N + FAC sinθ = 0
or FAC sin θ = 78.48 N − 66.14 N (2)
Eq. (2) 78.48 N − 66.14 N

Then, tan θ =
Eq. (1) 13.228 N
θ = 43.0°
PROBLEM 8.14
The 8-kg block A and the 16-kg block B are at rest on an incline as
shown. Knowing that the coefficient of static friction is 0.25 between all
surfaces of contact, determine the value of θ for which motion is
impending.
SOLUTION
FBDs:
ΣFx = 0: F1 − T = 0 T = F1 = µ sWA
Block B: ΣFy′ = 0: N 2 − ( N1 + WB ) cosθ − F1 sin θ = 0
N 2 = 3WA cosθ + µ sWA sin θ
= WA ( 3cosθ + 0.25sin θ )
Impending motion: F2 = µ s N 2 = 0.25WA ( 3cosθ + 0.25sin θ )
ΣFx′ = 0: − T − F2 − F1 cosθ + ( N1 + WB ) sin θ = 0
 −0.25 − 0.25 ( 3cosθ + 0.25sin θ ) − 0.25cosθ + 3sinθ  WA = 0
or 47sinθ − 16cosθ − 4 = 0
PROBLEM 8.15
their rotation. The coefficient of static friction between the floor and each
caster is 0.30. Knowing that h = 640 mm, determine the magnitude of
the force P required for impending motion of the cabinet to the right (a) if
all casters are locked, (b) if the casters at B are locked and the casters at A
are free to rotate, (c) if the casters at A are locked and the casters at B are
free to rotate.
SOLUTION
FBD cabinet: Note: For tipping, N A = FA = 0
ΣM B = 0: ( 0.24 m )W − ( 0.64 m ) Ptip =0 Ptip = 0.375W
(a) All casters locked: Impending slip: FA = µ s N A , FB = µ s N B
ΣFy = 0: N A + N B − W = 0 N A + NB = W
So FA + FB = µ sW
∴ P = 0.3 ( 470.88 N ) or P = 141.3 N
( P = 0.3W < Ptip OK )

(
W = 48 kg 9.81 m/s 2 ) (b) Casters at A free, so FA = 0
= 470.88 N
Impending slip: FB = µ s N B
µ s = 0.3
ΣFx = 0: P − FB = 0
P
P = FB = µ s N B NB =
µs
ΣM A = 0: ( 0.64 m ) P + ( 0.24 m )W − ( 0.48 m ) N B =0
P
8P + 3W − 6 =0 P = 0.25W
0.3
( P = 0.25W < Ptip OK )

∴ P = 0.25 ( 470.88 N ) P = 117.7 N
(c) Casters at B free, so FB = 0
Impending slip: FA = µ s N A
ΣFx = 0: P − FA = 0 P = FA = µ s N A
P P
NA = =
µs 0.3
ΣM B = 0: ( 0.24 m )W − ( 0.64 m ) P − ( 0.48 m ) N A =0
P
3W − 8P − 6 =0 P = 0.10714W = 50.45 N
0.3
( P < Ptip OK )
P = 50.5 N
PROBLEM 8.16
their rotation. The coefficient of static friction between the floor and
each caster is 0.30. Assuming that the casters at A and B are locked,
determine (a) the force P required for impending motion of the cabinet
to the right, (b) the largest allowable height h if the cabinet in not to tip
over.
SOLUTION
FBD cabinet: (a) ΣFy = 0: N A + N B − W = 0; N A + NB = W
Impending slip: FA = µ s N A , FB = µ s N B
So FA + FB = µ sW
P = 0.3 ( 470.88 N ) = 141.26 N
P = 141.3 N
(b) For tipping, N A = FA = 0
ΣM B = 0: hP − ( 0.24 m )W = 0
(
W = 48 kg 9.81 m/s 2 ) hmax = ( 0.24 m )
W
= ( 0.24 m )
1
=
0.24 m
P µs 0.3
= 470.88 N
hmax = 0.800 m
PROBLEM 8.17
The cylinder shown is of weight W and radius r, and the coefficient of
static friction µ s is the same at A and B. Determine the magnitude of the
largest couple M which can be applied to the cylinder if it is not to rotate.
SOLUTION
FBD cylinder:
FA = µ s N A, FB = µ s N B
ΣFx = 0: N A − FB = 0 N A = FB = µ s N B
FA = µ s N A = µ s2 N B
ΣFy = 0: N B + FA − W = 0 N B + µ s2 N B = W
W
or NB =
1 + µ s2
µ sW
and FB =
1 + µ s2
µ s2W
FA =
1 + µ2
ΣM C = 0: M − r ( FA + FB ) = 0
(
M = r µ s + µ s2 ) 1 +Wµ 2
s
1 + µs
M max = Wr µ s
1 + µ s2
PROBLEM 8.18
The cylinder shown is of weight W and radius r. Express in terms of W
and r the magnitude of the largest couple M which can be applied to the
cylinder if it is not to rotate assuming that the coefficient of static friction
is (a) zero at A and 0.36 at B, (b) 0.30 at A and 0.36 at B.
SOLUTION
FBD cylinder:
FA = µ A N A; FB = µ B N B
ΣFx = 0: N A − FB = 0 N A = FB = µ B N B
FA = µ A N A = µ Aµ B N B
ΣFy = 0: N B + FA − W = 0 N B (1 + µ Aµ B ) = W
1
or NB = W
1 + µ Aµ B
µB
and FB = µ B N B = W
1 + µ Aµ B
µ Aµ B
FA = µ Aµ B N B = W
1 + µ Aµ B
1 + µA
ΣM C = 0: M − r ( FA + FB ) = 0 M = Wr µ B
1 + µ Aµ B
(a) For µA = 0 and µ B = 0.36
M = 0.360Wr
(b) For µ A = 0.30 and µ B = 0.36
M = 0.422Wr
PROBLEM 8.19
The hydraulic cylinder shown exerts a force of 680 lb directed to the right
on point B and to the left on point E. Determine the magnitude of the
couple M required to rotate the drum clockwise at a constant speed.
SOLUTION
FBDs Drum:
Rotating drum ⇒ slip at both sides; constant speed ⇒ equilibrium
∴ F1 = µ k N1 = 0.3N1; F2 = µk N 2 = 0.3N 2
AB: ΣM A = 0: ( 6 in.)( 680 lb ) + ( 6 in.)( F1 ) − (18 in.) N1 = 0

 18 in. 
F1  − 6 in.  = ( 6 in.)( 680 lb ) or F1 = 75.555 lb
 0.3 
DE: ΣM D = 0: ( 6 in.) F2 + (18 in.) N 2 − ( 6 in.)( 680 lb ) = 0

 18 in. 
F2  6 in. +  = ( 6 in.)( 680 lb ) or F2 = 61.818 lb
 0.3 
Drum: ΣM C = 0: r ( F1 + F2 ) − M = 0
M = (10 in.)( 75.555 + 61.818 ) lb
M = 1374 lb ⋅ in.
PROBLEM 8.20
A couple M of magnitude 70 lb ⋅ ft is applied to the drum as shown.
Determine the smallest force which must be exerted by the hydraulic
cylinder on joints B and E if the drum is not to rotate.
SOLUTION
FBDs DE: Drum:
For minimum T, slip impends at both sides, so

F1 = µ s N1 = 0.4 N1 F2 = µ s N 2 = 0.4 N 2
AB: ΣM A = 0: ( 6 in.)T + ( 6 in.) F1 − (18 in.) N1 = 0

 18 in.  T
F1  − 6 in.  = ( 6 in.) T or F1 =
 0.4  6.5
DE: ΣM D = 0: ( 6 in.) F2 + (18 in.) N 2 − ( 6 in.) T =0
 18 in.  T
F2  6 in. +  = ( 6 in.) T or F2 =
 0.4  8.5
Drum: ΣM C = 0: (10 in.) (F1 + F2 ) − 840 lb ⋅ in. = 0

 1 1 
T +  = 84 lb
 6.5 8.5 
T = 309 lb
PROBLEM 8.21
SOLUTION
Motion impends at both A and B.
FBD ladder:
FA = µ s N A FB = µ s N B
ΣFx = 0: FA − N B = 0 or N B = FA = µ s N A
Then FB = µ s N B = µ s2 N A
ΣFy = 0: N A − W + FB = 0 or ( )
N A 1 + µ s2 = W
a
ΣM O = 0: bN B + W − aN A = 0
2
or aN A − bµ s N A =
a
2
a
(
W = N A 1 + µ s2
2
)
a = 7.5 ft µ s2 +
2b
µs − 1 = 0
a
b = 18 ft
2
b b
µs = − ±   + 1 = −2.4 ± 2.6
a a
The positive root is physically possible. Therefore, µ s = 0.200

PROBLEM 8.22
SOLUTION
Motion impends at both A and B, so
FBD ladder:
FA = µ s N A and FB = µ s N B
a a 7.5 ft
ΣM A = 0: lN B − W =0 or NB = W = W
2 2l 39 ft
2.5
or NB = W
13
2.5W
Then FB = µ s N B = µ s
13
5 12
ΣFx = 0: FA + FB − NB = 0
13 13
12.5 30
µs N A + µ sW − W =0
(13) 2
(13)2
NA −
W ( 30 − 12.5µ s )
(13) 2
µs
a = 7.5 ft
12 5
l = 19.5 ft ΣFy = 0: N A − W + FB + NB = 0
13 13
a 5  30 − 12.5µ s  W
= + 30µ s + 12.5  =W

 (13)
l 13 µ 2
 s
b 12
=
l 13 or µ s2 − 5.6333µ s + 1 = 0
µ s = 2.8167 ± 2.6332
or µ s = 0.1835 and µ s = 5.45
The larger value is very unlikely unless the surface is treated with
some “non-skid” material.
In any event, the smallest value for equilibrium is µ s = 0.1835
PROBLEM 8.23
End A of a slender, uniform rod of weight W and length L bears on a
horizontal surface as shown, while end B is supported by a cord BC of
length L. Knowing that the coefficient of static friction is 0.40, determine
(a) the value of θ for which motion is impending, (b) the corresponding
value of the tension in the cord.
SOLUTION
L L 
(a) Geometry: BE = cosθ DE =  cosθ  tan β
FBD rod: 2 2 
L cosθ
EF = L sin θ DF =
2 tan φ s
1  L cosθ
So L  cosθ tan β + sin θ  =
2  2 tan φs
1 1 1
or tan β + 2 tan θ = = = = 2.5 (1)
tan φ s µ s 0.4
Also, L sin θ + L sin β = L
or sin θ + sin β = 1 (2)
Solving Eqs. (1) and (2) numerically θ1 = 4.62° β1 = 66.85°

θ 2 = 48.20° β 2 = 14.75°
Therefore, θ = 4.62° and θ = 48.2°
(b) Now φ s = tan −1 µ s = tan −1 0.4 = 21.801°
T W
and =
sin φs sin ( 90 + β − φ s )
sin φs
or T =W
sin ( 90 + β − φ s )
For θ = 4.62° T = 0.526W
θ = 48.2° T = 0.374W
PROBLEM 8.24
A slender rod of length L is lodged between peg C and the vertical wall
and supports a load P at end A. Knowing that the coefficient of static
friction between the peg and the rod is 0.25 and neglecting friction at the
roller, determine the range of values of the ratio L/a for which
SOLUTION
a
ΣM B = 0: N − L sin 30°P = 0
FBD rod: sin 30°
L 2 LP
N = sin 30°P =
a a 4
Impending motion at C : down → F = µ s N  N
F = ±
up → F = − µ s N  4
ΣFy = 0: F cos 30° + N sin 30° − P = 0
L P 3 LP1
± + = P
a 16 2 a 42
L 1 3
 ±  =1
a  8 32 
L 32
=
a 4± 3
L L
or = 5.583 and = 14.110
a a
L
For equilibrium: 5.58 ≤ ≤ 14.11
a
PROBLEM 8.25
The basic components of a clamping device are bar AB, locking plate CD,
and lever EFG; the dimensions of the slot in CD are slightly larger than
those of the cross section of AB. To engage the clamp, AB is pushed
against the workpiece, and then force P is applied. Knowing that
P = 160 N and neglecting the friction force between the lever and the
plate, determine the smallest allowable value of the static coefficient of
friction between the bar and the plate.
SOLUTION
FBD Plate:
DC is three-force member and motion impends at C and D (for minimum

µ s ).
OCG = 20° + φs ODG = 20° − φ s
 24 mm 
OG = (10 mm ) tan ( 20° + φs ) =  + 10 mm  tan ( 20° − φs )
 sin70° 
or tan ( 20° + φ s ) = 3.5540 tan ( 20° − φs )
Solving numerically φ s = 10.565°
Now µ s = tan φs
so that µ s = 0.1865
PROBLEM 8.26
A window sash having a mass of 4 kg is normally supported by two 2-kg
sash weights. Knowing that the window remains open after one sash cord
has broken, determine the smallest possible value of the coefficient of
static friction. (Assume that the sash is slightly smaller that the frame and
will bind only at points A and D.)
SOLUTION
FBD window: ( )
T = ( 2 kg ) 9.81 m/s 2 = 19.62 N =
W
2
ΣFx = 0: N A − ND = 0 N A = ND
Impending motion: FA = µ s N A FD = µ s N D
ΣM D = 0: ( 0.36 m )W − ( 0.54 m ) N A − ( 0.72 m ) FA =0
3
W = N A + 2µ s N A
2
2W
NA =
3 + 4µ s
( )
W = ( 4 kg ) 9.81 m/s 2 = 39.24 N
ΣFy = 0: FA − W + T + FD = 0
FA + FD = W − T
W
=
2
Now FA + FD = µ s ( N A + N D ) = 2µ s N A
W 2W
Then = 2µ s
2 3 + 4µ s
or µ s = 0.750
PROBLEM 8.27
The steel-plate clamp shown is used to lift a steel plate H of mass 250 kg.
Knowing that the normal force exerted on steel cam EG by pin D forms
an angle of 40° with the horizontal and neglecting the friction force
between the cam and the pin, determine the smallest allowable value of
the coefficient of static friction.
SOLUTION
(Note: P is vertical as AB is two force member; also P = W since
FBDs: clamp + plate is a two force FBD)
BCD:
ΣM C = 0: ( 0.37 m ) P − ( 0.46 m ) N D cos 40°

− ( 0.06 m ) N D sin 40° = 0
or N D = 0.94642P = 0.94642W
EG:
ΣM E = 0: ( 0.18 m ) NG − ( 0.26 m ) FG − ( 0.26 m ) N D cos 40° = 0
Impending motion: FG = µ s NG
Combining (18 + 26µs ) NG = 19.9172 N D
= 18.850W
W W
Plate: From plate: FG = so that NG =
2 2µ s
W
Then (18 + 26µs ) = 18.85W
2µ s
µ s = 0.283
PROBLEM 8.28
The 5-in.-radius cam shown is used to control the motion of the plate CD.
Knowing that the coefficient of static friction between the cam and the
plate is 0.45 and neglecting friction at the roller supports, determine
(a) the force P for which motion of the plate is impending knowing that
the plate is 1 in. thick, (b) the largest thickness of the plate for which the
mechanism is self-locking, (that is, for which the plate cannot be moved
however large the force P may be).
SOLUTION
FBDs: From plate: ΣFx = 0: F − P = 0 F = P
5 in. − t
From cam geometry: cosθ =
5 in.
ΣM A = 0: ( 5 in.) sin θ  N − ( 5 in.) cosθ  F − ( 5 in.) Q = 0
Impending motion: F = µs N
So N sin θ − µ s N cosθ = Q = 15 lb
Q
N =
µ sQ
So P = F = µs N =
4 in.
(a) t = 1 in. ⇒ cosθ = = 0.8; sin θ = 0.6
5 in.
P=
( 0.45)(15 lb ) = 28.125 lb; P = 28.1 lb
0.6 − ( 0.45 )( 0.8 )
µ sQ
(b) P → ∞ : sin θ − µ s cosθ = 0
P
Thus tan θ → µ s = 0.45 so that θ = 24.228°
But ( 5 in.) cosθ = 5 in. − t or t = ( 5 in.) (1 − cosθ )
t = 0.440 in.
PROBLEM 8.29
A child having a mass of 18 kg is seated halfway between the ends of a
small, 16-kg table as shown. The coefficient of static friction is 0.20
between the ends of the table and the floor. If a second child pushes on
edge B of the table top at a point directly opposite to the first child with a
force P lying in a vertical plane parallel to the ends of the table and
having a magnitude of 66 N, determine the range of values of θ for
which the table will (a) tip, (b) slide.
SOLUTION
FBD table + child:
( )
WC = 18 kg 9.81 m/s 2 = 176.58 N
WT = 16 kg ( 9.81 m/s ) = 156.96 N

2
(a) Impending tipping about E, N F = FF = 0, and
ΣM E = 0: ( 0.05 m )(176.58 N ) − ( 0.4 m )(156.96 N ) + ( 0.5 m ) P cosθ − ( 0.7 m ) P sin θ =0
33cosθ − 46.2sin θ = 53.955

Solving numerically θ = −36.3° and θ = −72.6°
Therefore −72.6° ≤ θ ≤ −36.3°
Impending tipping about F is not possible
(b) For impending slip: FE = µ s N E = 0.2 N E FF = µ s N F = 0.2 N F
ΣFx = 0: FE + FF − P cosθ = 0 or 0.2 ( N E + N F ) = ( 66 N ) cosθ
ΣFy = 0: N E + N F − 176.58 N − 156.96 N − P sin θ = 0
N E + N F = ( 66sin θ + 333.54 ) N
So 330cosθ = 66sin θ + 333.54

Solving numerically, θ = −3.66° and θ = −18.96°
Therefore, −18.96° ≤ θ ≤ −3.66°
PROBLEM 8.30
A pipe of diameter 3 in. is gripped by the stillson wrench shown. Portions
AB and DE of the wrench are rigidly attached to each other, and portion
CF is connected by a pin at D. If the wrench is to grip the pipe and be
self-locking, determine the required minimum coefficients of friction at A
and C.
SOLUTION
FBD ABD: ΣM D = 0: ( 0.75 in.) N A − ( 5.5 in.) FA =0
Impending motion: FA = µ A N A
Then 0.75 − 5.5µ A = 0
or µ A = 0.13636
µ A = 0.1364
ΣFx = 0: FA − Dx = 0 Dx = FA
Pipe:
ΣFy = 0: NC − N A = 0
NC = N A
FBD DF:
ΣM F = 0: ( 27.5 in.) FC − ( 0.75 in.) NC − ( 25 in.) Dx =0
Impending motion: FC = µC NC
FA
Then 27.5µC − 0.75 = 25
NC
FA
But NC = N A and = µ A = 0.13636
NA
So 27.5µC = 0.75 + 25 ( 0.13636 )
µC = 0.1512
PROBLEM 8.31
Solve Problem 8.30 assuming that the diameter of the pipe is 1.5 in.
SOLUTION
ΣM D = 0: ( 0.75 in .) N A − (4 in.)FA = 0
FBD ABD:
Then 0.75 in. − (4 in.)µ A = 0 µ A = 0.1875
ΣFx = 0: FA − Dx = 0
so that Dx = FA = 0.1875 N A
FBD Pipe:
ΣFy = 0: NC − N A = 0
NC = N A
FBD DF:
NA
27.5µC − 0.75 = 25(0.1875)
NC
NA
But N A = NC (from pipe FBD) so =1
NC
and µC = 0.1977
PROBLEM 8.32
The 25-kg plate ABCD is attached at A and D to collars which can slide
on the vertical rod. Knowing that the coefficient of static friction is 0.40
between both collars and the rod, determine whether the plate is in
equilibrium in the position shown when the magnitude of the vertical
force applied at E is (a) P = 0, (b) P = 80 N.
SOLUTION
(a) P = 0; assume equilibrium:
FBD plate:
10W
ΣM A = 0: ( 0.7 m ) N D − (1 m )W =0 ND =
7
10W
ΣFx = 0: N D − N A = 0 N A = ND =
7
( FA )max = µs N A ( FD )max = µs N D
20µ sW
W = 25 kg ( 9.81 N/kg ) So ( FA + FD )max = µs ( N A + N D ) = = 1.143W
7
= 245.25 N ΣFy = 0: FA + FD − W = 0
∴ FA + FD = W < ( FA + FD )max OK.
Plate is in equilibrium
(b) P = 80 N; assume equilibrium:
ΣM A = 0: (1.75 m ) P + ( 0.7 m ) N D − (1 m )W =0
W − 1.75P
or ND =
0.7
W − 1.75P
ΣFx = 0: N D − N A = 0 ND = N A =
0.7
( FA )max = µs N A ( FB )max = µs N B
2W − 3.5P
So ( FA + FB )max = 0.4 = 120.29 N
0.7
ΣFy = 0: FA + FD − W + P = 0
FA + FD = W − P = 165.25 N
( FA + FD )equil > ( FA + FD )max
Impossible, so plate slides downward

PROBLEM 8.33
In Problem 8.32, determine the range of values of the magnitude P of the
vertical force applied at E for which the plate will move downward.
SOLUTION
FBD plate: ΣM A = 0: ( 0.7 m ) N D − (1 m ) W + (1.75 m ) P = 0

W − 1.75P
ND =
0.7
W − 1.75P
ΣFx = 0: N D − N A = 0 so that N A = ND =
0.7
4 4
Note: NA and ND will be > 0 if P < W and < 0 if P > W .
7 7
(
W = ( 25 kg ) 9.81 m/s 2 ) Impending motion downward: FA and FB are both > 0, so
= 245.25 N FA = µ s N A =
0.4 4
W − 1.75P = W − P
0.7 7
4
FD = µ S N D = W −P
7
ΣFy = 0: FA + FD − W + P = 0
4
2 W − P −W + P = 0
7
4 W
For P < W; P= = 35.04 N
7 7
4 5W
For P > W; P= = 175.2 N
7 7
Downward motion for 35.0 N < P < 175.2 N
Alternative Solution
We first observe that for smaller values of the magnitude of P that (Case 1)
the inner left-hand and right-hand surfaces of collars A and D, respectively,
will contact the rod, whereas for larger values of the magnitude of P that
(Case 2) the inner right-hand and left-hand surfaces of collars A and D,
respectively, will contact the rod.
First note: W = ( 25 kg ) ( 9.81 m/s 2 )
= 245.25 N
Case 1
ΣM D = 0: ( 0.7 m ) N A − (1 m) ( 245.25 N ) + (1.75 m ) P = 0
10  7 
or NA =  245.25 − P  N
7 4 
ΣFx = 0: −N A + N D = 0
or ND = N A
ΣFy = 0: FA + FD + P − 245.25 N = 0
or FA + FD = ( 245.25 − P ) N
Now ( FA )max = µs N A ( FD )max = µs N D
so that ( FA )max + ( FD )max = µs ( N A + N D )
10  7 
= 2 ( 0.4 )   245.25 − P  
7 4 
For motion: FA + FD > ( FA )max + ( FD )max
8 7 
Substituting 245.25 − P >  245.25 − P 
7 4 
or P > 35.0 N
Case 2 From Case 1: ND = N A
FA + FD = ( 245.25 − P ) N
( FA )max + ( FD )max = 2µ s N A
ΣM D = 0: − ( 0.7 m ) N A − (1 m) ( 245.25 N ) + (1.75 m ) P = 0
10  7 
or NA =  P − 245.25  N
7 4 
10  7 
Substituting: 245.25 − P > 2 ( 0.4 )   P − 245.25  
 7 4 
or P < 175.2 N
Therefore, have downward motion for 35.0 N < P < 175.2 N
PROBLEM 8.34
A collar B of weight W is attached to the spring AB and can move along
the rod shown. The constant of the spring is 1.5 kN/m and the spring is
unstretched when θ = 0. Knowing that the coefficient of static friction
between the collar and the rod is 0.40, determine the range of values of W
for which equilibrium is maintained when (a) θ = 20o , (b) θ = 30o.
SOLUTION
a
FBD collar: Stretch of spring x = AB − a = −a
cosθ
Impending motion down:
 a   1 
Fs = kx = k  − a  = (1.5 kN/m )( 0.5 m )  − 1
 cos θ   cos θ 
 1 
= ( 0.75 kN )  − 1
 cos θ 
ΣFx = 0: N − Fs cosθ = 0
N = Fs cosθ = ( 0.75 kN )(1 − cosθ )
Impending slip: F = µ s N = ( 0.4 )( 0.75 kN )(1 − cosθ )

= ( 0.3 kN )(1 − cosθ )
+ down, – up
ΣFy = 0: Fs sin θ ± F − W = 0
( 0.75 kN )( tan θ − sin θ ) ± ( 0.3 kN )(1 − cosθ ) − W = 0
or W = ( 0.3 kN ) [ 2.5 ( tan θ − sin θ ) ± (1 − cosθ )]
(a) θ = 20°: Wup = −0.00163 kN ( impossible )

Wdown = 0.03455 kN ( OK )
Equilibrium if 0 ≤ W ≤ 34.6 N
(b) θ = 30°: Wup = 0.01782 kN ( OK )
Wdown = 0.0982 kN ( OK )
Equilibrium if 17.82 N ≤ W ≤ 98.2 N
PROBLEM 8.35
SOLUTION
a
cosθ
 a   1 
Fs = k  − a  = (1.5 kN/m )( 0.5 m )  − 1
 1 
= ( 0.75 kN )  − 1 = ( 750 N )( sec θ − 1)
 cos θ 
ΣFy = 0: Fs cosθ − W + N = 0
or W = N + ( 750 N ) (1 − cosθ )
Impending slip:
F = µ s N (F must be +, but N may be positive or negative)
ΣFx = 0: Fs sin θ − F = 0
or F = Fs sin θ = ( 750 N )( tan θ − sin θ )
(a) θ = 20°: F = ( 750 N )( tan 20° − sin 20° ) = 16.4626 N
F 16.4626 N
Impending motion: N = = = 41.156 N
µs 0.4
(Note: for N < 41.156 N, motion will occur, equilibrium for

N > 41.156)
But W = N + ( 750 N )(1 − cos 20° ) = N + 45.231 N
So equilibrium for W ≤ 4.07 N and W ≥ 86.4 N

(b) θ = 30°: F = ( 750 N )( tan 30° − sin 30° ) = 58.013 N
F 58.013
µs 0.4
W = N + ( 750 N )(1 − cos 30° ) = N ± 145.03 N
= −44.55 N ( impossible ) , 245.51 N
Equilibrium for W ≥ 246 N

PROBLEM 8.36
The slender rod AB of length l = 30 in. is attached to a collar at B and
rests on a small wheel located at a horizontal distance a = 4 in. from the
vertical rod on which the collar slides. Knowing that the coefficient of
static friction between the collar and the vertical rod is 0.25 and
neglecting the radius of the wheel, determine the range of values of P for
which equilibrium is maintained when Q = 25 lb and θ = 30o.
SOLUTION
a 4 in.
FBD rod + collar: Note: d = = = 8 in., so AC = 22 in.
sin θ sin 30°
Neglect weights of rod and collar.
ΣM B = 0: ( 30 in.)( sin 30° )( 25 lb ) − (8 in.) C =0
C = 46.875 lb
ΣFx = 0: N − C cos 30° = 0
N = ( 46.875 lb ) cos 30° = 40.595 lb
Impending motion up: F = µ s N = 0.25 ( 40.595 lb )
= 10.149 lb
ΣFy = 0: − 25 lb + ( 46.875 lb ) sin 30° − P − 10.149 lb = 0
or P = −1.563 lb − 10.149 lb = −11.71 lb

Impending motion down: Direction of F is now upward, but still have
F = µ s N = 10.149 lb
ΣFy = 0: − 25 lb + ( 46.875 lb ) sin 30° − P + 10.149 lb = 0
or P = −1.563 lb + 10.149 lb = 8.59 lb

∴ Equilibrium for −11.71 lb ≤ P ≤ 8.59 lb
PROBLEM 8.37
The 4.5-kg block A and the 3-kg block B are connected by a slender rod
of negligible mass. The coefficient of static friction is 0.40 between all
surfaces of contact. Knowing that for the position shown the rod is
horizontal, determine the range of values of P for which equilibrium is
maintained.
SOLUTION
FBDs: Note: φ s = tan −1 µ s = tan −1 0.4 = 21.801°
(a) Block A impending slip (b) Block A impending slip
FAB = WA ctn ( 45° − φ s )

FAB = WA tan ( 45° − φ s )
( )
= ( 4.5 kg ) 9.81 m/s 2 ctn ( 23.199° )
( )
= ( 4.5 kg ) 9.81 m/s tan ( 23.199° )
2
= 103.005 N
= 18.9193 N
Block B:
(
WB = ( 3 kg ) 9.81 m/s 2 )
= 29.43 N
From Block B: ΣFy′ = 0: N − WB cos 30° − FAB sin 30° = 0
Case (a) N = ( 29.43 N ) cos 30° + (18.9193 N ) sin 30° = 34.947 N
Impending motion: F = µ s N = 0.4 ( 34.947 N ) = 13.979 N
ΣFx′ = 0: FAB cos 30° − WB sin 30° − 13.979 N − P = 0
P = (18.9193 N ) cos 30° − ( 29.43 N ) sin 30° − 13.979 N
= −12.31 N
Case (b) N = ( 29.43 N ) cos 30° + (103.005 N ) sin 30° = 76.9896 N
Impending motion: F = 0.4 ( 76.9896 N ) = 30.7958 N
ΣFx′ = 0: (103.005 N ) cos 30° − ( 29.43 N ) sin 30° + 30.7958 N − P = 0

P = 105.3 N
For equilibrium −12.31 N ≤ P ≤ 105.3 N
PROBLEM 8.38
Bar AB is attached to collars which can slide on the inclined rods shown.
A force P is applied at point D located at a distance a from end A.
Knowing that the coefficient of static friction µ s between each collar and
the rod upon which it slides is 0.30 and neglecting the weights of the bar
and of the collars, determine the smallest value of the ratio a/L for which
SOLUTION
Impending motion
FBD bar + collars:
φ s = tan −1 µ s = tan −1 0.3 = 16.6992°
Neglect weights: 3-force FBD and ( ACB = 90°
a
So AC = = l sin ( 45° − φs )
cos ( 45° + φs )
a
= sin ( 45° − 16.6992° ) cos ( 45° + 16.6992° )
l
a
= 0.225
l
PROBLEM 8.39
The 6-kg slender rod AB is pinned at A and rests on the 18-kg cylinder C.
Knowing that the diameter of the cylinder is 250 mm and that the
coefficient of static friction is 0.35 between all surfaces of contact,
determine the largest magnitude of the force P for which equilibrium is
maintained.
SOLUTION
FBD rod: FBD cylinder:
ΣM A = 0: ( 0.4 m ) N1 − ( 0.25 m ) Wr =0
N1 = 0.625Wr = 36.7875 N
Cylinder:
ΣFy = 0: N 2 − N1 − WC = 0 or N 2 = 0.625Wr + 3Wr = 3.625Wr = 5.8N1
ΣM D = 0: ( 0.165 m ) F1 − ( 0.085 m ) F2 =0 or F2 = 1.941F1
Since µ s1 = µ s 2 , motion will impend first at top of the cylinder
So F1 = µ s N1 = 0.35 ( 36.7875 N ) = 12.8756 N
and F2 = 1.941 (12.8756 N ) = 24.992 N
[Check F2 = 25 N < µ S N 2 = 74.7 N OK ]
ΣFx = 0: P − F1 − F2 = 0
or P = 12.8756 N + 24.992 N or P = 37.9 N

PROBLEM 8.40
Two rods are connected by a collar at B. A couple M A of magnitude
12 lb ⋅ ft is applied to rod AB. Knowing that µ s = 0.30 between the
collar and rod AB, determine the largest couple M C for which
equilibrium will be maintained.
SOLUTION
FBD AB:
ΣM A = 0: 8 in 2 + 4 in 2 ( N ) − M A = 0
N =
(12 lb ⋅ ft )(12 in./ft ) = 16.100 lb
8.9443 in.
Impending motion: F = µ s N = 0.3 (16.100 lb ) = 4.83 lb
(Note: For max, MC, need F in direction shown; see FBD BC.)
FBD BC + collar:
1 2 2
ΣM C = 0: M C − (17 in.) N − ( 8 in.) N − (13 in.) F =0
5 5 5
17 in. 16 in. 26 in.
or MC = (16.100 lb ) + (16.100 lb ) + ( 4.830 lb ) = 293.77 lb ⋅ in.
5 5 5
( MC )max = 24.5 lb ⋅ ft
PROBLEM 8.29
A child having a mass of 18 kg is seated halfway between the ends of a
small, 16-kg table as shown. The coefficient of static friction is 0.20
between the ends of the table and the floor. If a second child pushes on
edge B of the table top at a point directly opposite to the first child with a
force P lying in a vertical plane parallel to the ends of the table and
having a magnitude of 66 N, determine the range of values of θ for
which the table will (a) tip, (b) slide.
SOLUTION
FBD table + child:
( )
WC = 18 kg 9.81 m/s 2 = 176.58 N
WT = 16 kg ( 9.81 m/s ) = 156.96 N

2
(a) Impending tipping about E, N F = FF = 0, and
ΣM E = 0: ( 0.05 m )(176.58 N ) − ( 0.4 m )(156.96 N ) + ( 0.5 m ) P cosθ − ( 0.7 m ) P sin θ =0
33cosθ − 46.2sin θ = 53.955

Solving numerically θ = −36.3° and θ = −72.6°
Therefore −72.6° ≤ θ ≤ −36.3°
Impending tipping about F is not possible
(b) For impending slip: FE = µ s N E = 0.2 N E FF = µ s N F = 0.2 N F
ΣFx = 0: FE + FF − P cosθ = 0 or 0.2 ( N E + N F ) = ( 66 N ) cosθ
ΣFy = 0: N E + N F − 176.58 N − 156.96 N − P sin θ = 0
N E + N F = ( 66sin θ + 333.54 ) N
So 330cosθ = 66sin θ + 333.54

Solving numerically, θ = −3.66° and θ = −18.96°
Therefore, −18.96° ≤ θ ≤ −3.66°
PROBLEM 8.30
A pipe of diameter 3 in. is gripped by the stillson wrench shown. Portions
AB and DE of the wrench are rigidly attached to each other, and portion
CF is connected by a pin at D. If the wrench is to grip the pipe and be
self-locking, determine the required minimum coefficients of friction at A
and C.
SOLUTION
FBD ABD: ΣM D = 0: ( 0.75 in.) N A − ( 5.5 in.) FA =0
Then 0.75 − 5.5µ A = 0
or µ A = 0.13636
µ A = 0.1364
ΣFx = 0: FA − Dx = 0 Dx = FA
Pipe:
ΣFy = 0: NC − N A = 0
NC = N A
FBD DF:
FA
Then 27.5µC − 0.75 = 25
NC
FA
But NC = N A and = µ A = 0.13636
NA
So 27.5µC = 0.75 + 25 ( 0.13636 )
µC = 0.1512
PROBLEM 8.31
Solve Problem 8.30 assuming that the diameter of the pipe is 1.5 in.
SOLUTION
ΣM D = 0: ( 0.75 in .) N A − (4 in.)FA = 0
FBD ABD:
Then 0.75 in. − (4 in.)µ A = 0 µ A = 0.1875
ΣFx = 0: FA − Dx = 0
so that Dx = FA = 0.1875 N A
FBD Pipe:
ΣFy = 0: NC − N A = 0
NC = N A
FBD DF:
NA
27.5µC − 0.75 = 25(0.1875)
NC
NA
But N A = NC (from pipe FBD) so =1
NC
and µC = 0.1977
PROBLEM 8.32
The 25-kg plate ABCD is attached at A and D to collars which can slide
on the vertical rod. Knowing that the coefficient of static friction is 0.40
between both collars and the rod, determine whether the plate is in
equilibrium in the position shown when the magnitude of the vertical
force applied at E is (a) P = 0, (b) P = 80 N.
SOLUTION
(a) P = 0; assume equilibrium:
FBD plate:
10W
ΣM A = 0: ( 0.7 m ) N D − (1 m )W =0 ND =
7
10W
ΣFx = 0: N D − N A = 0 N A = ND =
7
( FA )max = µs N A ( FD )max = µs N D
20µ sW
W = 25 kg ( 9.81 N/kg ) So ( FA + FD )max = µs ( N A + N D ) = = 1.143W
7
= 245.25 N ΣFy = 0: FA + FD − W = 0
∴ FA + FD = W < ( FA + FD )max OK.
Plate is in equilibrium
(b) P = 80 N; assume equilibrium:
ΣM A = 0: (1.75 m ) P + ( 0.7 m ) N D − (1 m )W =0
W − 1.75P
or ND =
0.7
W − 1.75P
ΣFx = 0: N D − N A = 0 ND = N A =
0.7
( FA )max = µs N A ( FB )max = µs N B
2W − 3.5P
So ( FA + FB )max = 0.4 = 120.29 N
0.7
ΣFy = 0: FA + FD − W + P = 0
FA + FD = W − P = 165.25 N
( FA + FD )equil > ( FA + FD )max
Impossible, so plate slides downward

PROBLEM 8.33
In Problem 8.32, determine the range of values of the magnitude P of the
vertical force applied at E for which the plate will move downward.
SOLUTION
FBD plate: ΣM A = 0: ( 0.7 m ) N D − (1 m ) W + (1.75 m ) P = 0

W − 1.75P
ND =
0.7
W − 1.75P
ΣFx = 0: N D − N A = 0 so that N A = ND =
0.7
4 4
Note: NA and ND will be > 0 if P < W and < 0 if P > W .
7 7
(
W = ( 25 kg ) 9.81 m/s 2 ) Impending motion downward: FA and FB are both > 0, so
= 245.25 N FA = µ s N A =
0.4 4
W − 1.75P = W − P
0.7 7
4
FD = µ S N D = W −P
7
ΣFy = 0: FA + FD − W + P = 0
4
2 W − P −W + P = 0
7
4 W
For P < W; P= = 35.04 N
7 7
4 5W
For P > W; P= = 175.2 N
7 7
Downward motion for 35.0 N < P < 175.2 N
Alternative Solution
We first observe that for smaller values of the magnitude of P that (Case 1)
the inner left-hand and right-hand surfaces of collars A and D, respectively,
will contact the rod, whereas for larger values of the magnitude of P that
(Case 2) the inner right-hand and left-hand surfaces of collars A and D,
respectively, will contact the rod.
First note: W = ( 25 kg ) ( 9.81 m/s 2 )
= 245.25 N
Case 1
ΣM D = 0: ( 0.7 m ) N A − (1 m) ( 245.25 N ) + (1.75 m ) P = 0
10  7 
or NA =  245.25 − P  N
7 4 
ΣFx = 0: −N A + N D = 0
or ND = N A
ΣFy = 0: FA + FD + P − 245.25 N = 0
or FA + FD = ( 245.25 − P ) N
Now ( FA )max = µs N A ( FD )max = µs N D
so that ( FA )max + ( FD )max = µs ( N A + N D )
10  7 
= 2 ( 0.4 )   245.25 − P  
7 4 
8 7 
Substituting 245.25 − P >  245.25 − P 
7 4 
or P > 35.0 N
Case 2 From Case 1: ND = N A
FA + FD = ( 245.25 − P ) N
( FA )max + ( FD )max = 2µ s N A
ΣM D = 0: − ( 0.7 m ) N A − (1 m) ( 245.25 N ) + (1.75 m ) P = 0
10  7 
or NA =  P − 245.25  N
7 4 
10  7 
Substituting: 245.25 − P > 2 ( 0.4 )   P − 245.25  
 7 4 
or P < 175.2 N
Therefore, have downward motion for 35.0 N < P < 175.2 N
PROBLEM 8.34
SOLUTION
a
cosθ
Impending motion down:
 a   1 
Fs = kx = k  − a  = (1.5 kN/m )( 0.5 m )  − 1
 1 
= ( 0.75 kN )  − 1
 cos θ 
ΣFx = 0: N − Fs cosθ = 0
N = Fs cosθ = ( 0.75 kN )(1 − cosθ )
Impending slip: F = µ s N = ( 0.4 )( 0.75 kN )(1 − cosθ )

= ( 0.3 kN )(1 − cosθ )
+ down, – up
ΣFy = 0: Fs sin θ ± F − W = 0
( 0.75 kN )( tan θ − sin θ ) ± ( 0.3 kN )(1 − cosθ ) − W = 0
or W = ( 0.3 kN ) [ 2.5 ( tan θ − sin θ ) ± (1 − cosθ )]
(a) θ = 20°: Wup = −0.00163 kN ( impossible )

Wdown = 0.03455 kN ( OK )
Equilibrium if 0 ≤ W ≤ 34.6 N
(b) θ = 30°: Wup = 0.01782 kN ( OK )
Wdown = 0.0982 kN ( OK )
Equilibrium if 17.82 N ≤ W ≤ 98.2 N
PROBLEM 8.35
SOLUTION
a
cosθ
 a   1 
Fs = k  − a  = (1.5 kN/m )( 0.5 m )  − 1
 1 
= ( 0.75 kN )  − 1 = ( 750 N )( sec θ − 1)
 cos θ 
ΣFy = 0: Fs cosθ − W + N = 0
or W = N + ( 750 N ) (1 − cosθ )
Impending slip:
F = µ s N (F must be +, but N may be positive or negative)
ΣFx = 0: Fs sin θ − F = 0
or F = Fs sin θ = ( 750 N )( tan θ − sin θ )
(a) θ = 20°: F = ( 750 N )( tan 20° − sin 20° ) = 16.4626 N
F 16.4626 N
µs 0.4
(Note: for N < 41.156 N, motion will occur, equilibrium for

N > 41.156)
But W = N + ( 750 N )(1 − cos 20° ) = N + 45.231 N
So equilibrium for W ≤ 4.07 N and W ≥ 86.4 N

(b) θ = 30°: F = ( 750 N )( tan 30° − sin 30° ) = 58.013 N
F 58.013
µs 0.4
W = N + ( 750 N )(1 − cos 30° ) = N ± 145.03 N
= −44.55 N ( impossible ) , 245.51 N
Equilibrium for W ≥ 246 N

PROBLEM 8.36
The slender rod AB of length l = 30 in. is attached to a collar at B and
rests on a small wheel located at a horizontal distance a = 4 in. from the
vertical rod on which the collar slides. Knowing that the coefficient of
static friction between the collar and the vertical rod is 0.25 and
neglecting the radius of the wheel, determine the range of values of P for
which equilibrium is maintained when Q = 25 lb and θ = 30o.
SOLUTION
a 4 in.
FBD rod + collar: Note: d = = = 8 in., so AC = 22 in.
sin θ sin 30°
Neglect weights of rod and collar.
ΣM B = 0: ( 30 in.)( sin 30° )( 25 lb ) − (8 in.) C =0
C = 46.875 lb
ΣFx = 0: N − C cos 30° = 0
N = ( 46.875 lb ) cos 30° = 40.595 lb
Impending motion up: F = µ s N = 0.25 ( 40.595 lb )
= 10.149 lb
ΣFy = 0: − 25 lb + ( 46.875 lb ) sin 30° − P − 10.149 lb = 0
or P = −1.563 lb − 10.149 lb = −11.71 lb

Impending motion down: Direction of F is now upward, but still have
F = µ s N = 10.149 lb
ΣFy = 0: − 25 lb + ( 46.875 lb ) sin 30° − P + 10.149 lb = 0
or P = −1.563 lb + 10.149 lb = 8.59 lb

∴ Equilibrium for −11.71 lb ≤ P ≤ 8.59 lb
PROBLEM 8.37
The 4.5-kg block A and the 3-kg block B are connected by a slender rod
of negligible mass. The coefficient of static friction is 0.40 between all
surfaces of contact. Knowing that for the position shown the rod is
horizontal, determine the range of values of P for which equilibrium is
maintained.
SOLUTION
FBDs: Note: φ s = tan −1 µ s = tan −1 0.4 = 21.801°
(a) Block A impending slip (b) Block A impending slip
FAB = WA ctn ( 45° − φ s )

FAB = WA tan ( 45° − φ s )
( )
= ( 4.5 kg ) 9.81 m/s 2 ctn ( 23.199° )
( )
= ( 4.5 kg ) 9.81 m/s tan ( 23.199° )
2
= 103.005 N
= 18.9193 N
Block B:
(
WB = ( 3 kg ) 9.81 m/s 2 )
= 29.43 N
From Block B: ΣFy′ = 0: N − WB cos 30° − FAB sin 30° = 0
Case (a) N = ( 29.43 N ) cos 30° + (18.9193 N ) sin 30° = 34.947 N
Impending motion: F = µ s N = 0.4 ( 34.947 N ) = 13.979 N
ΣFx′ = 0: FAB cos 30° − WB sin 30° − 13.979 N − P = 0
P = (18.9193 N ) cos 30° − ( 29.43 N ) sin 30° − 13.979 N
= −12.31 N
Case (b) N = ( 29.43 N ) cos 30° + (103.005 N ) sin 30° = 76.9896 N
Impending motion: F = 0.4 ( 76.9896 N ) = 30.7958 N
ΣFx′ = 0: (103.005 N ) cos 30° − ( 29.43 N ) sin 30° + 30.7958 N − P = 0

P = 105.3 N
For equilibrium −12.31 N ≤ P ≤ 105.3 N
PROBLEM 8.38
Bar AB is attached to collars which can slide on the inclined rods shown.
A force P is applied at point D located at a distance a from end A.
Knowing that the coefficient of static friction µ s between each collar and
the rod upon which it slides is 0.30 and neglecting the weights of the bar
and of the collars, determine the smallest value of the ratio a/L for which
SOLUTION
Impending motion
FBD bar + collars:
φ s = tan −1 µ s = tan −1 0.3 = 16.6992°
Neglect weights: 3-force FBD and ( ACB = 90°
a
So AC = = l sin ( 45° − φs )
cos ( 45° + φs )
a
= sin ( 45° − 16.6992° ) cos ( 45° + 16.6992° )
l
a
= 0.225
l
PROBLEM 8.39
The 6-kg slender rod AB is pinned at A and rests on the 18-kg cylinder C.
Knowing that the diameter of the cylinder is 250 mm and that the
determine the largest magnitude of the force P for which equilibrium is
maintained.
SOLUTION
FBD rod: FBD cylinder:
ΣM A = 0: ( 0.4 m ) N1 − ( 0.25 m ) Wr =0
N1 = 0.625Wr = 36.7875 N
Cylinder:
ΣFy = 0: N 2 − N1 − WC = 0 or N 2 = 0.625Wr + 3Wr = 3.625Wr = 5.8N1
ΣM D = 0: ( 0.165 m ) F1 − ( 0.085 m ) F2 =0 or F2 = 1.941F1
Since µ s1 = µ s 2 , motion will impend first at top of the cylinder
So F1 = µ s N1 = 0.35 ( 36.7875 N ) = 12.8756 N
and F2 = 1.941 (12.8756 N ) = 24.992 N
[Check F2 = 25 N < µ S N 2 = 74.7 N OK ]
ΣFx = 0: P − F1 − F2 = 0
or P = 12.8756 N + 24.992 N or P = 37.9 N

PROBLEM 8.40
Two rods are connected by a collar at B. A couple M A of magnitude
12 lb ⋅ ft is applied to rod AB. Knowing that µ s = 0.30 between the
collar and rod AB, determine the largest couple M C for which
SOLUTION
FBD AB:
ΣM A = 0: 8 in 2 + 4 in 2 ( N ) − M A = 0
N =
(12 lb ⋅ ft )(12 in./ft ) = 16.100 lb
8.9443 in.
Impending motion: F = µ s N = 0.3 (16.100 lb ) = 4.83 lb
(Note: For max, MC, need F in direction shown; see FBD BC.)
FBD BC + collar:
1 2 2
ΣM C = 0: M C − (17 in.) N − ( 8 in.) N − (13 in.) F =0
5 5 5
17 in. 16 in. 26 in.
or MC = (16.100 lb ) + (16.100 lb ) + ( 4.830 lb ) = 293.77 lb ⋅ in.
5 5 5
( MC )max = 24.5 lb ⋅ ft
PROBLEM 8.41
In Problem 8.40, determine the smallest couple M C for which
SOLUTION
FBD AB: ΣM A = 0: N ( )
8 in 2 + 4 in 2 − M A = 0
N =
(12 lb ⋅ ft )(12 in./ft ) = 16.100 lb
8.9443 in.
Impending motion: F = µ s N = 0.3 (16.100 lb )
= 4.830 lb
(Note: For min. MC, need F in direction shown; see FBD BC.)
1 2 2
ΣM C = 0: M C − (17 in.) N − ( 8 in.) N + (13 in.)
FBD BC + collar:
F =0
5 5 5
1
MC = (17 in. + 16 in.)(16.100 lb ) − ( 26 in.)( 4.830 lb ) 
5
= 181.44 lb ⋅ in.
( MC )min = 15.12 lb ⋅ ft W
PROBLEM 8.42
Blocks A, B, and C having the masses shown are at rest on an incline.
Denoting by µ s the coefficient of static friction between all surfaces of
contact, determine the smallest value of µ s for which equilibrium is
maintained.
SOLUTION
For impending motion, C will start down and A will start up. Since, the
normal force between B and C is larger than that between A and B, the
corresponding friction force can be larger as well. Thus we assume that
motion impends between A and B.
FBD A:
3
ΣFy′ = 0: N AB − WA cos30° = 0; N AB = WA
2
3
Impending motion: FAB = µ s N AB = WAµ s
2
ΣFx′ = 0: T − FAB − WA sin 30° = 0
or T = ( ) W2
3µ s + 1 A
ΣFy′ = 0: NCD − N AB − (WB + WC ) cos30° = 0

FBD B + C:
3
or NCD = (WA + WB + WC )
2
3
Impending motion: FCD = µ s NCD = (WA + WB + WC ) µs
2
ΣFx′ = 0: T + FAB + FCD − (WB + WC ) sin 30° = 0
WB + WC 3
T = − µ s ( 2WA + WB + WC )
2 2
Equating T’s: 3µ s ( 3WA + WB + WC ) = WB + WC − WA
mB + mC − mA 1.5 kg + 4 kg − 2 kg
µs = =
( A B C)
3m + m + m 3 ( kg + 1.5 kg + 4 kg ) 3
6
µ s = 0.1757 W
FBD B:
ΣFy′ = 0: N BC − N AB − WB cos30° = 0
3
or N BC = (WA + WB )
2
3
( FBC ) max = µ s N BC = 0.1757 (WA + WB )
2
(
= 0.1522 ( mA + mB ) g = 0.1522 ( 3.5 kg ) 9.81 m/s 2 )
= 5.224 N
ΣFx′ = 0: FAB + FBC − WB sin 30° = 0
1 3 W
or FBC = − FAB + WB = − WA ( 0.1757 ) + B
2 2 2
= ( −0.1522mA + 0.5mB ) g
=  −0.1522 ( 2 kg ) + 0.5 (1.5 kg ) ( 9.81 m/s 2 )
= 4.37 N
FBC < FBC max OK

PROBLEM 8.43
A slender steel rod of length 9 in. is placed inside a pipe as shown.
Knowing that the coefficient of static friction between the rod and the
pipe is 0.20, determine the largest value of θ for which the rod will not
fall into the pipe.
SOLUTION
3 in.
FBD rod: ΣM A = 0: N B − ( 4.5 in.) cosθ  W = 0
cosθ
or N B = (1.5cos 2 θ )W
Impending motion: FB = µ s N B = (1.5µ s cos 2 θ )W
= ( 0.3cos 2 θ )W
ΣFx = 0: N A − N B sin θ + FB cosθ = 0
or N A = (1.5cos 2 θ )W ( sin θ − 0.2 cosθ )
Impending motion: FA = µ s N A
= ( 0.3cos 2 θ )W ( sin θ − 0.2 cosθ )
ΣFy = 0: FA + N B cosθ + FB sinθ − W = 0
or (
FA = W 1 − 1.5cos3 θ − 0.3cos 2 θ sin θ )
Equating FA’s
0.3cos 2 θ ( sin θ − 0.2cosθ ) = 1 − 1.5cos3 θ − 0.3cos 2 θ sin θ
0.6cos 2 θ sin θ + 1.44cos3 θ = 1
Solving numerically θ = 35.8° W

PROBLEM 8.44
In Problem 8.43, determine the smallest value of θ for which the rod
will not fall out of the pipe.
SOLUTION
3 in.
FBD rod: ΣM A = 0: N B − ( 4.5 in.) cosθ  W = 0
cosθ
or N B = 1.5W cos 2 θ
Impending motion: (
FB = µ s N B = 0.2 1.5W cos 2 θ )
= 0.3W cos 2 θ
ΣFx = 0: N A − N B sin θ − FB cosθ = 0
or N A = W cos 2 θ (1.5sin θ + 0.3cosθ )
= W cos 2 θ ( 0.3sin θ + 0.06 cosθ )
ΣFy = 0: N B cosθ − FB sin θ − W − FA = 0
or FA = W cos 2 θ (1.5cosθ − 0.3sin θ ) − 1
Equating FA’s:
cos 2 θ (1.44cosθ − 0.6sin θ ) = 1

PROBLEM 8.45
Two slender rods of negligible weight are pin-connected at C and
attached to blocks A and B, each of weight W. Knowing that θ = 70o
and that the coefficient of static friction between the blocks and the
horizontal surface is 0.30, determine the largest value of P for which
SOLUTION
FBD pin C:
FAB = P sin10° = 0.173648P
FBC = P cos10° = 0.98481P
ΣFy = 0: N A − W − FAB sin 30° = 0
or N A = W + 0.173648P sin 30° = W + 0.086824P

FBD block A:
ΣFx = 0: FA − FAB cos30° = 0
or FA = 0.173648P cos30° = 0.150384P
For impending motion at A: FA = µ s N A
FA 0.150384
Then NA = : W + 0.086824 P = P
µs 0.3
or P = 2.413W
ΣFy = 0: N B − W − FBC cos30° = 0
N B = W + 0.98481P cos30° = W + 0.85287 P
FBD block B: ΣFx = 0: FBC sin 30° − FB = 0
FB = 0.98481P sin 30° = 0.4924 P
For impending motion at B: FB = µ s N B
FB 0.4924P
Then NB = : W + 0.85287 P =
µs 0.3
or P = 1.268W
Thus, maximum P for equilibrium Pmax = 1.268W W
PROBLEM 8.46
A 40-lb weight is hung from a lever which rests against a 10° wedge at A
and is supported by a frictionless hinge at C. Knowing that the coefficient
of static friction is 0.25 at both surfaces of the wedge and that for the
position shown the spring is stretched 4 in., determine (a) the magnitude
of the force P for which motion of the wedge is impending, (b) the
components of the corresponding reaction at C.
SOLUTION
 4 in. 
φ s = tan −1 µ s = tan −1 0.25 = 14.036° Fs = kx = ( 240 lb/ft )   = 80 lb
 12 in./ft 
FBD lever:
ΣM C = 0: (12 in.)(80 lb ) − (16 in.)( 40 lb ) − ( 21 in.) RA cos (φs − 10° )

+ ( 2 in.) RA sin (φs − 10° ) = 0
or RA = 15.3793 lb
(b) ΣFx = 0: (15.379 lb ) sin ( 4.036° ) − Cx =0 C x = 1.082 lb W
ΣFy = 0: (15.379 lb ) cos ( 4.036° ) − 80 lb − 40 lb + C y =0 C y = 104.7 lb W
FBD wedge:
ΣFy = 0: RW cos14.036° − (15.3793 lb ) cos 4.036° = 0
or RW = 15.8133 lb
(a) ΣFx = 0: P − (15.3793 lb ) sin 4.036° − (15.8133 lb ) sin14.036° = 0
P = 4.92 lb W
PROBLEM 8.47
Solve Problem 8.46 assuming that force P is directed to the left.
SOLUTION
 4 in. 
 12 in./ft 
FBD lever:
ΣM C = 0: (12 in.)(80 lb ) − (16 in.)( 40 lb ) − ( 21 in.) RA cos 24.036°

− ( 2 in.) RA sin 24.036° = 0
or RA = 16.005 lb
(b) ΣFx = 0: C x − (16.005 lb ) sin 24.036° = 0 C x = 6.52 lb W
ΣFy = 0: C y − 80 lb − 40 lb + (16.005 lb ) cos ( 24.036° ) = 0 C y = 105.4 lb W
FBD wedge:
ΣFy = 0: RW cos14.036° − (16.005 lb ) cos 24.036° = 0
or RW = 15.067 lb
(a) ΣFx = 0: (16.005 lb ) sin 24.036° + (15.067 lb ) sin14.036° − P = 0

P = 10.17 lb W
PROBLEM 8.48
Two 8° wedges of negligible mass are used to move and position a
240-kg block. Knowing that the coefficient of static friction is 0.40 at all
surfaces of contact, determine the magnitude of the force P for which
motion of the block is impending.
SOLUTION
φ s = tan −1 µ s = tan −1 0.4 = 21.801° ( )

W = 240 kg 9.81 m/s 2 = 2354.4 N
FBD block:
R2 2354.4 N
=
sin 41.801° sin 46.398°
R2 = 2167.12 N
FBD wedge:
P 2167.12 N
=
sin 51.602° sin 60.199°
P = 1957 N P = 1.957 kN W
PROBLEM 8.49
SOLUTION
φ s = tan −1 µ s = tan −1 0.4 = 21.801° ( )

W = 240 kg 9.81 m/s 2 = 2354.4 N
FBD block + wedge:
R2 2354.4 N
=
sin 41.801° sin 38.398°
R2 = 2526.6 N
FBD wedge:
P 2526.6 N
=
sin 51.602° sin 68.199°
P = 2132.7 N
P = 2.13 kN W
PROBLEM 8.50
The elevation of the end of the steel beam supported by a concrete floor
is adjusted by means of the steel wedges E and F. The base plate CD has
been welded to the lower flange of the beam, and the end reaction of the
beam is known to be 150 kN. The coefficient of static friction is 0.30
between the two steel surfaces and 0.60 between the steel and the
concrete. If the horizontal motion of the beam is prevented by the force
Q, determine (a) the force P required to raise the beam, (b) the
corresponding force Q.
SOLUTION
FBD AB + CD: φ s = tan −1 µ s = tan −1 0.3 = 16.70° for steel on steel
ΣFy = 0: N − 150 kN = 0 N = 150 kN
Impending motion: F = µ s N = 0.3 (150 kN ) = 45 kN
ΣFx = 0: F − Q = 0
(b) Q = 45.0 kN W
FBD top wedge:
Assume bottom wedge doesn’t move:
ΣFy = 0: RW cos (10° + 16.70° ) − 150 kN = 0
RW = 167.9 kN
ΣFx = 0: P − 45 kN − (167.9 kN ) sin 26.70° = 0
P = 120.44 kN
FBD bottom wedge:
( a ) P = 120.4 kN W
Bottom wedge is two-force member, so φ = 26.70° for equilibrium, but
φ s = tan −1 µ s = tan −1 0.6 = 31.0° ( steel on concrete )
So φ < φs OK.
PROBLEM 8.51
SOLUTION
φ s = tan −1 µ s = tan −1 0.3 = 16.70° for steel on steel

FBD AB + CD + top wedge: Assume top wedge doesn’t move
150 kN
Rw = = 167.90 kN
cos26.70°
Q = (150 kN ) tan 26.70° = 75.44 kN
(b) Q = 75.4 kN
FBD top wedge:
ΣFx = 0: 75.44 kN − 167.9 kN sin 26.70° − F = 0

F = 0 as expected.
FBD bottom wedge: φ s = tan −1 µ s = tan −1 0.6 = 30.96° steel on concrete
P 167.90 kN
=
sin 57.66° sin 59.04°
(a) P = 165.4 kN
PROBLEM 8.52
Block A supports a pipe column and rests as shown on wedge B.
Knowing that the coefficient of static friction at all surfaces of contact is
0.25 and that θ = 45°, determine the smallest force P required to raise
block A.
SOLUTION
φ s = tan −1 µ s = tan −1 0.25 = 14.036°
FBD block A:
R2 750 lb
=
sin104.036° sin16.928°
R2 = 2499.0 lb
FBD wedge B:
P 2499.0
=
sin 73.072° sin 75.964°
P = 2464 lb
P = 2.46 kips
PROBLEM 8.53
0.25 and that θ = 45°, determine the smallest force P for which
SOLUTION
φ s = tan −1 µ s = tan −1 0.25 = 14.036°
FBD block A:
R2 750 lb
=
sin ( 75.964° ) sin ( 73.072° )
R2 = 760.56 lb
FBD wedge B:
P 760.56
=
sin16.928° sin104.036°
P = 228.3 lb
P = 228 lb
PROBLEM 8.41
In Problem 8.40, determine the smallest couple M C for which
SOLUTION
FBD AB: ΣM A = 0: N ( )
8 in 2 + 4 in 2 − M A = 0
N =
(12 lb ⋅ ft )(12 in./ft ) = 16.100 lb
8.9443 in.
Impending motion: F = µ s N = 0.3 (16.100 lb )
= 4.830 lb
(Note: For min. MC, need F in direction shown; see FBD BC.)
1 2 2
ΣM C = 0: M C − (17 in.) N − ( 8 in.) N + (13 in.)
FBD BC + collar:
F =0
5 5 5
1
MC = (17 in. + 16 in.)(16.100 lb ) − ( 26 in.)( 4.830 lb ) 
5
= 181.44 lb ⋅ in.
( MC )min = 15.12 lb ⋅ ft W
PROBLEM 8.42
Blocks A, B, and C having the masses shown are at rest on an incline.
Denoting by µ s the coefficient of static friction between all surfaces of
contact, determine the smallest value of µ s for which equilibrium is
maintained.
SOLUTION
For impending motion, C will start down and A will start up. Since, the
normal force between B and C is larger than that between A and B, the
corresponding friction force can be larger as well. Thus we assume that
motion impends between A and B.
FBD A:
3
ΣFy′ = 0: N AB − WA cos30° = 0; N AB = WA
2
3
Impending motion: FAB = µ s N AB = WAµ s
2
ΣFx′ = 0: T − FAB − WA sin 30° = 0
or T = ( ) W2
3µ s + 1 A
ΣFy′ = 0: NCD − N AB − (WB + WC ) cos30° = 0

FBD B + C:
3
or NCD = (WA + WB + WC )
2
3
Impending motion: FCD = µ s NCD = (WA + WB + WC ) µs
2
ΣFx′ = 0: T + FAB + FCD − (WB + WC ) sin 30° = 0
WB + WC 3
T = − µ s ( 2WA + WB + WC )
2 2
Equating T’s: 3µ s ( 3WA + WB + WC ) = WB + WC − WA
mB + mC − mA 1.5 kg + 4 kg − 2 kg
µs = =
( A B C)
3m + m + m 3 ( kg + 1.5 kg + 4 kg ) 3
6
µ s = 0.1757 W
FBD B:
ΣFy′ = 0: N BC − N AB − WB cos30° = 0
3
or N BC = (WA + WB )
2
3
( FBC ) max = µ s N BC = 0.1757 (WA + WB )
2
(
= 0.1522 ( mA + mB ) g = 0.1522 ( 3.5 kg ) 9.81 m/s 2 )
= 5.224 N
ΣFx′ = 0: FAB + FBC − WB sin 30° = 0
1 3 W
or FBC = − FAB + WB = − WA ( 0.1757 ) + B
2 2 2
= ( −0.1522mA + 0.5mB ) g
=  −0.1522 ( 2 kg ) + 0.5 (1.5 kg ) ( 9.81 m/s 2 )
= 4.37 N
FBC < FBC max OK

PROBLEM 8.43
A slender steel rod of length 9 in. is placed inside a pipe as shown.
Knowing that the coefficient of static friction between the rod and the
pipe is 0.20, determine the largest value of θ for which the rod will not
fall into the pipe.
SOLUTION
3 in.
FBD rod: ΣM A = 0: N B − ( 4.5 in.) cosθ  W = 0
cosθ
or N B = (1.5cos 2 θ )W
Impending motion: FB = µ s N B = (1.5µ s cos 2 θ )W
= ( 0.3cos 2 θ )W
ΣFx = 0: N A − N B sin θ + FB cosθ = 0
or N A = (1.5cos 2 θ )W ( sin θ − 0.2 cosθ )
= ( 0.3cos 2 θ )W ( sin θ − 0.2 cosθ )
ΣFy = 0: FA + N B cosθ + FB sinθ − W = 0
or (
FA = W 1 − 1.5cos3 θ − 0.3cos 2 θ sin θ )
Equating FA’s
0.3cos 2 θ ( sin θ − 0.2cosθ ) = 1 − 1.5cos3 θ − 0.3cos 2 θ sin θ
0.6cos 2 θ sin θ + 1.44cos3 θ = 1

PROBLEM 8.44
In Problem 8.43, determine the smallest value of θ for which the rod
will not fall out of the pipe.
SOLUTION
3 in.
FBD rod: ΣM A = 0: N B − ( 4.5 in.) cosθ  W = 0
cosθ
or N B = 1.5W cos 2 θ
Impending motion: (
FB = µ s N B = 0.2 1.5W cos 2 θ )
= 0.3W cos 2 θ
ΣFx = 0: N A − N B sin θ − FB cosθ = 0
or N A = W cos 2 θ (1.5sin θ + 0.3cosθ )
= W cos 2 θ ( 0.3sin θ + 0.06 cosθ )
ΣFy = 0: N B cosθ − FB sin θ − W − FA = 0
or FA = W cos 2 θ (1.5cosθ − 0.3sin θ ) − 1
Equating FA’s:
cos 2 θ (1.44cosθ − 0.6sin θ ) = 1

PROBLEM 8.45
Two slender rods of negligible weight are pin-connected at C and
attached to blocks A and B, each of weight W. Knowing that θ = 70o
and that the coefficient of static friction between the blocks and the
horizontal surface is 0.30, determine the largest value of P for which
SOLUTION
FBD pin C:
FAB = P sin10° = 0.173648P
FBC = P cos10° = 0.98481P
ΣFy = 0: N A − W − FAB sin 30° = 0
or N A = W + 0.173648P sin 30° = W + 0.086824P

FBD block A:
ΣFx = 0: FA − FAB cos30° = 0
or FA = 0.173648P cos30° = 0.150384P
For impending motion at A: FA = µ s N A
FA 0.150384
Then NA = : W + 0.086824 P = P
µs 0.3
or P = 2.413W
ΣFy = 0: N B − W − FBC cos30° = 0
N B = W + 0.98481P cos30° = W + 0.85287 P
FBD block B: ΣFx = 0: FBC sin 30° − FB = 0
FB = 0.98481P sin 30° = 0.4924 P
For impending motion at B: FB = µ s N B
FB 0.4924P
Then NB = : W + 0.85287 P =
µs 0.3
or P = 1.268W
Thus, maximum P for equilibrium Pmax = 1.268W W
PROBLEM 8.46
A 40-lb weight is hung from a lever which rests against a 10° wedge at A
and is supported by a frictionless hinge at C. Knowing that the coefficient
of static friction is 0.25 at both surfaces of the wedge and that for the
position shown the spring is stretched 4 in., determine (a) the magnitude
of the force P for which motion of the wedge is impending, (b) the
components of the corresponding reaction at C.
SOLUTION
 4 in. 
 12 in./ft 
FBD lever:
ΣM C = 0: (12 in.)(80 lb ) − (16 in.)( 40 lb ) − ( 21 in.) RA cos (φs − 10° )

+ ( 2 in.) RA sin (φs − 10° ) = 0
or RA = 15.3793 lb
(b) ΣFx = 0: (15.379 lb ) sin ( 4.036° ) − Cx =0 C x = 1.082 lb W
ΣFy = 0: (15.379 lb ) cos ( 4.036° ) − 80 lb − 40 lb + C y =0 C y = 104.7 lb W
FBD wedge:
ΣFy = 0: RW cos14.036° − (15.3793 lb ) cos 4.036° = 0
or RW = 15.8133 lb
(a) ΣFx = 0: P − (15.3793 lb ) sin 4.036° − (15.8133 lb ) sin14.036° = 0
P = 4.92 lb W
PROBLEM 8.47
Solve Problem 8.46 assuming that force P is directed to the left.
SOLUTION
 4 in. 
 12 in./ft 
FBD lever:
ΣM C = 0: (12 in.)(80 lb ) − (16 in.)( 40 lb ) − ( 21 in.) RA cos 24.036°

− ( 2 in.) RA sin 24.036° = 0
or RA = 16.005 lb
(b) ΣFx = 0: C x − (16.005 lb ) sin 24.036° = 0 C x = 6.52 lb W
ΣFy = 0: C y − 80 lb − 40 lb + (16.005 lb ) cos ( 24.036° ) = 0 C y = 105.4 lb W
FBD wedge:
ΣFy = 0: RW cos14.036° − (16.005 lb ) cos 24.036° = 0
or RW = 15.067 lb
(a) ΣFx = 0: (16.005 lb ) sin 24.036° + (15.067 lb ) sin14.036° − P = 0

P = 10.17 lb W
PROBLEM 8.48
SOLUTION
φ s = tan −1 µ s = tan −1 0.4 = 21.801° ( )

W = 240 kg 9.81 m/s 2 = 2354.4 N
FBD block:
R2 2354.4 N
=
sin 41.801° sin 46.398°
R2 = 2167.12 N
FBD wedge:
P 2167.12 N
=
sin 51.602° sin 60.199°
P = 1957 N P = 1.957 kN W
PROBLEM 8.49
SOLUTION
φ s = tan −1 µ s = tan −1 0.4 = 21.801° ( )

W = 240 kg 9.81 m/s 2 = 2354.4 N
FBD block + wedge:
R2 2354.4 N
=
sin 41.801° sin 38.398°
R2 = 2526.6 N
FBD wedge:
P 2526.6 N
=
sin 51.602° sin 68.199°
P = 2132.7 N
P = 2.13 kN W
PROBLEM 8.50
SOLUTION
FBD AB + CD: φ s = tan −1 µ s = tan −1 0.3 = 16.70° for steel on steel
ΣFy = 0: N − 150 kN = 0 N = 150 kN
Impending motion: F = µ s N = 0.3 (150 kN ) = 45 kN
ΣFx = 0: F − Q = 0
(b) Q = 45.0 kN W
FBD top wedge:
Assume bottom wedge doesn’t move:
ΣFy = 0: RW cos (10° + 16.70° ) − 150 kN = 0
RW = 167.9 kN
ΣFx = 0: P − 45 kN − (167.9 kN ) sin 26.70° = 0
P = 120.44 kN
FBD bottom wedge:
( a ) P = 120.4 kN W
Bottom wedge is two-force member, so φ = 26.70° for equilibrium, but
φ s = tan −1 µ s = tan −1 0.6 = 31.0° ( steel on concrete )
So φ < φs OK.
PROBLEM 8.51
SOLUTION
φ s = tan −1 µ s = tan −1 0.3 = 16.70° for steel on steel

FBD AB + CD + top wedge: Assume top wedge doesn’t move
150 kN
Rw = = 167.90 kN
cos26.70°
Q = (150 kN ) tan 26.70° = 75.44 kN
(b) Q = 75.4 kN
FBD top wedge:
ΣFx = 0: 75.44 kN − 167.9 kN sin 26.70° − F = 0

F = 0 as expected.
FBD bottom wedge: φ s = tan −1 µ s = tan −1 0.6 = 30.96° steel on concrete
P 167.90 kN
=
sin 57.66° sin 59.04°
(a) P = 165.4 kN
PROBLEM 8.52
0.25 and that θ = 45°, determine the smallest force P required to raise
block A.
SOLUTION
φ s = tan −1 µ s = tan −1 0.25 = 14.036°
FBD block A:
R2 750 lb
=
sin104.036° sin16.928°
R2 = 2499.0 lb
FBD wedge B:
P 2499.0
=
sin 73.072° sin 75.964°
P = 2464 lb
P = 2.46 kips
PROBLEM 8.53
0.25 and that θ = 45°, determine the smallest force P for which
SOLUTION
φ s = tan −1 µ s = tan −1 0.25 = 14.036°
FBD block A:
R2 750 lb
=
sin ( 75.964° ) sin ( 73.072° )
R2 = 760.56 lb
FBD wedge B:
P 760.56
=
sin16.928° sin104.036°
P = 228.3 lb
P = 228 lb
PROBLEM 8.54
A 16° wedge A of negligible mass is placed between two 80-kg blocks B
and C which are at rest on inclined surfaces as shown. The coefficient of
static friction is 0.40 between both the wedge and the blocks and block C
and the incline. Determine the magnitude of the force P for which motion
of the wedge is impending when the coefficient of static friction between
block B and the incline is (a) 0.40, (b) 0.60.
SOLUTION
(a) φ s = tan −1 µ s = tan −1 0.4 = 21.8014°;
( )
W = 80 kg 9.81 m/s 2 = 784.8 N
FBD wedge:
By symmetry: R1 = R 2
ΣFy = 0: 2R2 sin ( 8° + 21.8014° ) − P = 0
P = 0.99400 R2
FBD block C:
R2 W
=
sin 41.8014° sin18.397°
R2 = 2.112 W
P = 0.994 R2 = ( 0.994 )( 2.112W )
P = 2.099 ( 784.8 N ) = 1647.5 N
(a) P = 1.648 kN
(b) Note that increasing the friction between block B and the incline has no effect on the above calculations.
The physical effect is that slip of B will not impend.
(b) P = 1.648 kN
PROBLEM 8.55
A 16° wedge A of negligible mass is placed between two 80-kg blocks B
and C which are at rest on inclined surfaces as shown. The coefficient of
static friction is 0.40 between both the wedge and the blocks and block C
and the incline. Determine the magnitude of the force P for which motion
of the wedge is impending when the coefficient of static friction between
block B and the incline is (a) 0.40, (b) 0.60.
SOLUTION
(a) φ s = tan −1 µ s = tan −1 0.4 = 21.801° ( )

W = 80 kg 9.81 m/s 2 = 784.8 N
FBD wedge: FBD block C:
Note that, since ( RCI ) y > ( RC ) y , while the horizontal components are equal,
20° + φ < 32.199°
φ < 12.199° < φ s
Therefore, motion of C is not impending; thus, motion of B up the incline is impending.
RB P
=
sin 52.198° sin 59.603°
P = 1.0916RB
FBD block B:
RB W
=
sin ( 20° + φ sB ) sin ( 68.199° − φsB )
W sin ( 20° + φsB )

or RB =
sin ( 68.199° − φsB )
(a) Have φ sB = φs = 21.801°
Then RB =
( 784.8 N ) sin ( 20° + 21.801° ) = 722.37 N
sin ( 68.199° − 21.801° )
and P = 1.0916 ( 722.37 N ) or P = 789 N
(b) Have φ sB = tan −1 µ sB = tan −1 0.6 = 30.964°
Then RB =
( 784.8 N ) sin ( 20° + 30.964° ) = 1007.45 N
sin ( 68.199° − 30.964° )
and P = 1.0916 (1007.45 N ) or P = 1100 N

PROBLEM 8.56
A 10° wedge is to be forced under end B of the 12-lb rod AB. Knowing
that the coefficient of static friction is 0.45 between the wedge and the
rod and 0.25 between the wedge and the floor, determine the smallest
force P required to raise end B of the rod.
SOLUTION
FBD AB:
φ s1 = tan −1 ( µ s )1 = tan −1 0.45 = 24.228°
2r
ΣM A = 0: rR1 cos (10° + 24.228° ) − rR1 sin (10° + 24.228° ) − (12 lb ) = 0
π
R1 = 28.902 lb
FBD wedge:
φ s 2 = tan −1 ( µ s )2 = tan −1 0.25 = 14.036°
P 28.902 lb
= ;
sin ( 38.264° ) sin 75.964°
P = 22.2 lb
PROBLEM 8.57
A small screwdriver is used to pry apart the two coils of a circular key
ring. The wedge angle of the screwdriver blade is 16° and the coefficient
of static friction is 0.12 between the coils and the blade. Knowing that a
force P of magnitude 0.8 lb was required to insert the screwdriver to the
equilibrium position shown, determine the magnitude of the forces
exerted on the ring by the screwdriver immediately after force P is
removed.
SOLUTION
FBD wedge: By symmetry: R1 = R2
ΣFy = 0: 2R1 sin ( 8° + φ s ) − P = 0
Have φ s = tan −1 µ s = tan −1 0.12 = 6.843° P = 0.8 lb
So R1 = R2 = 1.5615 lb
When P is removed, the vertical components of R1 and R2 vanish,

leaving the horizontal components, R1 cos (14.843° ) , only
Therefore, side forces are 1.509 lb
But these will occur only instantaneously as the angle between the force
and the wedge normal is 8° > φ s = 6.84°, so the screwdriver will
slip out.
PROBLEM 8.58
A conical wedge is placed between two horizontal plates that are then
slowly moved toward each other. Indicate what will happen to the wedge
(a) if µ s = 0.20, (b) if µ s = 0.30.
SOLUTION
As the plates are moved, the angle θ will decrease.
(a) φ s = tan −1 µ s = tan −1 0.2 = 11.31°. As θ decreases, the minimum angle at the contact approaches
12.5° > φs = 11.31°, so the wedge will slide up and out from the slot.
(b) φ s = tan −1 µ s = tan −1 0.3 = 16.70°. As θ decreases, the angle at one contact reaches 16.7°. (At this
time the angle at the other contact is 25° − 16.7° = 8.3° < φ s ) The wedge binds in the slot.
PROBLEM 8.59
A 6° steel wedge is driven into the end of an ax handle to lock the handle
to the ax head. The coefficient of static friction between the wedge and
the handle is 0.35. Knowing that a force P of magnitude 250 N was
required to insert the wedge to the equilibrium position shown, determine
the magnitude of the forces exerted on the handle by the wedge after
force P is removed.
SOLUTION
FBD wedge: By symmetry R1 = R2
φ s = tan −1 µ s = tan −1 0.35 = 19.29°
ΣFy = 0: 2R sin (19.29° + 3° ) − P = 0
R1 = R2 = 329.56 N
When force P is removed, the vertical components of R1 and R2 vanish,

leaving only the horizontal components H1 = H 2 = R cos ( 22.29° )
H1 = H 2 = 305 N
Since the wedge angle 3° < φs = 19.3°, the wedge is “self-locking” and
will remain seated.
PROBLEM 8.60
A 15° wedge is forced under a 100-lb pipe as shown. The coefficient of
static friction at all surfaces is 0.20. Determine (a) at which surface
slipping of the pipe will first occur, (b) the force P for which motion of
the wedge is impending.
SOLUTION
FBD pipe: (a) ΣM C = 0: rFA − rFB = 0
or FA = FB
But it is apparent that N B > N A , so since ( µ s ) A = ( µ s ) B ,

motion must first impend at A
and FB = FA = µ s N A = 0.2 N A
(b) ΣM B = 0: ( r sin15° )W + r (1 + sin15° ) FA − ( r cos15° ) N A = 0
0.2588 (100 lb ) + 1.2588 ( 0.2 N A ) − 0.9659 N A = 0
or N A = 36.24 lb
and FA = 7.25 lb
ΣFy′ = 0: N B − N A sin15° − FA cos15° − W cos15° = 0
N B = ( 36.24 lb ) sin15° + ( 7.25 lb + 100 lb ) cos15°
= 112.97 lb
FBD wedge:
( note N B > N A as stated, and FB < µ s N B )
ΣFy = 0: NW + ( 7.25 lb ) sin15° − (112.97 lb ) cos15° = 0
NW = 107.24 lb
Impending slip: FW = µ s NW = 0.2 (107.24 ) = 21.45 lb
ΣFx = 0: 21.45 lb + ( 7.25 lb ) cos15° + (112.97 lb ) sin15° − P = 0
P = 57.7 lb
PROBLEM 8.61
A 15° wedge is forced under a 100-lb pipe as shown. Knowing that the
coefficient of static friction at both surfaces of the wedge is 0.20,
determine the largest coefficient of static friction between the pipe and
the vertical wall for which slipping is impending at A.
SOLUTION
FBD pipe: ΣM C = 0: rFA − rFB = 0
or FA = FB
It is apparent that N B > N A , so if ( µ s ) A = ( µ s ) B , motion must impend
( )
first at A. As ( µ s ) A is increased to some µ s*
A
, motion will impend
simultaneously at A and B.
Then FA = FB = µ sB N B = 0.2 N B
ΣFy = 0: N B cos15° − FB sin15° − FA − 100 lb = 0
N B cos15° − 0.2 N B sin15° − 0.2 N B = 100 lb
or N B = 140.024 lb
So FA = FB = 0.2 N B = 28.005 lb
ΣFx = 0: N A − N B sin15° − FB cos15° = 0
N A = 140.024sin15° + 28.005cos15° = 63.29 lb
Then (µ )
*
s
A
=
FA
NA
=
28.005 lb
63.29 lb
or (µ )
*
s
A
= 0.442
PROBLEM 8.62
Bags of grass seed are stored on a wooden plank as shown. To move the
plank, a 9° wedge is driven under end A. Knowing that the weight of the
grass seed can be represented by the distributed load shown and that the
(a) determine the force P for which motion of the wedge is impending,
(b) indicate whether the plank will slide on the floor.
SOLUTION
FBD plank + wedge: (a) ΣM A = 0: ( 2.4 m ) N B − ( 0.45 m )( 0.64 kN/m )( 0.9 m )

1
− ( 0.6 m ) ( 0.64 kN/m )( 0.9 m )
2
1
− (1.4 m ) (1.28 kN/m )(1.5 m ) = 0
2
or N B = 0.740 kN = 740 N
1
ΣFy = 0: NW − ( 0.64 kN/m )( 0.9 m ) − ( 0.64 kN/m )( 0.9 m )
2
1
− (1.28 kN/m )(1.5m ) = 0
2
or NW = 1.084 kN = 1084 N
Assume impending motion of the wedge on the floor and the plank
on the floor at B.
So FW = µ s NW = 0.45 (1084 N ) = 478.8 N
and FB = µ s N B = 0.45 ( 740 N ) = 333 N
ΣFx = 0: P − FW − FB = 0
or P = 478.8 N + 333 N P = 821 N
Check wedge:
(b) ΣFy = 0: (1084 N ) cos 9° + (821 N − 479 N ) sin 9° − N A =0
or N A = 1124 N
ΣFx = 0: (821 N − 479 N ) cos 9° − (1084 N ) sin 9° − FA =0
or FA = 168 N
FA < µ s N A = 0.45 (1124 N ) = 506 N
So, no impending motion at wedge/plank

∴ Impending motion of plank on floor at B
PROBLEM 8.63
Solve Problem 8.62 assuming that the wedge is driven under the plank at
B instead of at A.
SOLUTION
FBD plank: (a) ΣM A = 0: ( 2.4 m ) By − ( 0.45 m )( 0.64 kN/m )( 0.9 m )

1
− ( 0.6 m ) ( 0.64 kN/m )( 0.9 m )
2
1
− (1.4 m ) (1.28 kN/m )(1.5 m ) = 0
2
ΣFx = 0: FA − Bx = 0 or By = 0.740 kN = 740 N
FA = Bx
1
ΣFy = 0: N A − ( 0.64 kN/m )( 0.9 m ) − ( 0.64 kN/m )( 0.9 m )
2
1
− (1.28 kN/m )(1.5 m ) = 0
2
or N A = 1.084 kN = 1084 N
Since By < N A , assume impending motion of the wedge under

the plank at B.
FBD wedge:
( RB ) y = By = 740 N and Bx = µ s By = 0.45 ( 740 N ) = 333 N
( RB ) x = ( RB ) y tan ( 9° + φs )
φ s = tan −1 µ s = tan −1 0.45 = 24.228°
So ( RB ) x = ( 740 N ) tan ( 9° + 24.228° ) = 485 N
ΣFx = 0: 485 N − 333 N − P = 0
P = 818 N
(b) Check:
FA 333
FA = Bx = 333 N and = = 0.307 < µ s OK
N A 1084
No impending slip of plank at A

PROBLEM 8.64
The 20-lb block A is at rest against the 100-lb block B as shown. The
coefficient of static friction µ s is the same between blocks A and B and
between block B and the floor, while friction between block A and the
wall can be neglected. Knowing that P = 30 lb, determine the value of
µ s for which motion is impending.
SOLUTION
FBD’s:
Impending motion at all surfaces FAB = µ s N AB
FB = µ s N B
A + B: ΣFy = 0: N B − 30 lb − 20 lb − 100 lb = 0
or N B = 150 lb
and FB = µ s N B = (150 lb ) µ s
ΣFx = 0: N A − FB = 0 so that N A = (150 lb ) µ s
A: ΣFx′ = 0: N A cos 20° + ( 30 lb + 20 lb ) sin 20° − N AB = 0
or N AB = 17.1010 lb + µ s (140.954 lb )
ΣFy′ = 0: FAB + N A sin 20° − ( 30 lb + 20 lb ) cos 20° = 0

or FAB = 46.985 lb − µ s ( 51.303 lb )
But FAB = µ s N AB : 46.985 − 51.303µs = 17.101µ s + 140.954µ s2
µ s2 + 0.4853µ s − 0.3333 = 0
µ s = −0.2427 ± 0.6263
µs > 0 so µ s = 0.384
PROBLEM 8.65
Solve Problem 8.64 assuming that µ s is the coefficient of static friction
between all surfaces of contact.
SOLUTION
FBD’s:
A + B: B:
Impending motion at all surfaces, so FA = µ s N A
FB = µ s N B
FAB = µ s N AB
A + B: ΣFx = 0: N A − FB = 0 or N A = FB = µ s N B
ΣFy = 0: FA − 30 lb − 20 lb − 100 lb + N B = 0 or µ s N A + N B = 150 lb
150 lb µs
So NB = and FB = (150 lb )
1 + µ s2 1 + µ s2
B: ΣFx′ = 0: N AB + (100 lb − N B ) sin 20° − FB cos 20° = 0
or N AB = N B sin 20° + FB cos 20° − (100 lb ) sin 20°
ΣFy′ = 0: − FAB + ( N B − 100 lb ) cos 20° − FB sin 20° = 0
or FAB = N B cos 20° − FB sin 20° − (100 lb ) cos 20°

150 lb µs
Now FAB = µ s N AB : cos 20° − (150 lb ) sin 20° − (100 lb ) cos 20°
1 + µ s2 1 + µ s2
µs µ s2
= (150 lb ) sin 20° + (150 lb ) cos 20° − µ s (100 lb ) sin 20°
1 + µ s2 1 + µ s2
2µ s3 − 5µ s2ctn 20° − 4µ s + ctn 20° = 0
Solving numerically: µ s = 0.330

PROBLEM 8.66
Derive the following formulas relating the load W and the
force P exerted on the handle of the jack discussed in
Section 8.6. (a) P = (Wr/a ) tan (θ + φs ) , to raise the load;
(b) P = (Wr/a ) tan (φ s − θ ) , to lower the load if the screw is self-
locking; (c) P = (Wr/a ) tan (θ − φ s ) , to hold the load if the screw is not
self-locking.
SOLUTION
FBD jack handle:
See Section 8.6
r
ΣM C = 0: aP − rQ = 0 or P = Q
a
FBD block on incline:
(a) Raising load
Q = W tan (θ + φ s )
r
P= W tan (θ + φs )
a
(b) Lowering load if screw is self-locking ( i.e.: if φs > θ )
Q = W tan (φs − θ )
r
P= W tan (φ s − θ )
a
(c) Holding load is screw is not self-locking ( i.e. if φs < θ )
Q = W tan (θ − φs )
r
P= W tan (θ − φ s )
a
PROBLEM 8.67
The square-threaded worm gear shown has a mean radius of 30 mm and a
lead of 7.5 mm. The larger gear is subjected to a constant clockwise
couple of 720 N ⋅ m. Knowing that the coefficient of static friction
between the two gears is 0.12, determine the couple that must be applied
to shaft AB in order to rotate the large gear counterclockwise. Neglect
friction in the bearings at A, B, and C.
SOLUTION
FBD large gear:
ΣM C = 0: ( 0.24 m )W − 720 N ⋅ m = 0
W = 3000 N
Block on incline:
7.5 mm
θ = tan −1 = 2.2785°
2π ( 30 mm )
φ s = tan −1 µ s = tan −1 0.12 = 6.8428°
Q = ( 3000 N ) tan 9.1213°
= 481.7 N
Worm gear:
r = 30 mm
= 0.030 m
ΣM B = 0: rQ − M = 0
M = rQ = ( 0.030 m )( 481.7 N )
M = 14.45 N ⋅ m
PROBLEM 8.68
In Problem 8.67, determine the couple that must be applied to shaft AB in
order to rotate the gear clockwise.
SOLUTION
FBD large gear:
ΣM C = 0: ( 0.24 m )W − 720 N ⋅ m = 0
W = 3000 N
Block on incline:
7.5 mm
θ = tan −1 = 2.2785°
2π ( 30 mm )
φ s = tan −1 µ = tan −1 0.12

φ s = 6.8428°
φ s − θ = 4.5643°
Q = ( 3000 N ) tan 4.5643°
= 239.5 N
Worm gear:
ΣM B = 0: M − rQ = 0
M = rQ = ( 0.030 m )( 239.5 N ) = 7.18 N ⋅ m

PROBLEM 8.69
High-strength bolts are used in the construction of many steel structures.
For a 24-mm-nominal-diameter bolt the required minimum bolt tension is
210 kN. Assuming the coefficient of friction to be 0.40, determine the
required couple that should be applied to the bolt and nut. The mean
diameter of the thread is 22.6 mm, and the lead is 3 mm. Neglect friction
between the nut and washer, and assume the bolt to be square-threaded.
SOLUTION
FBD block on incline:
3 mm
θ = tan −1 = 2.4195°
( 22.6 mm )π
φ s = tan −1 µ s = tan −1 0.40
φ s = 21.8014°
Q = ( 210 kN ) tan ( 21.8014° + 2.4195° )
Q = 94.47 kN
d 22.6 mm
Torque = Q= ( 94.47 kN )
2 2
= 1067.5 N ⋅ m
Torque = 1.068 kN ⋅ m
PROBLEM 8.70
The ends of two fixed rods A and B are each made in the form of a single-
threaded screw of mean radius 0.3 in. and pitch 0.1 in. Rod A has a right-
handed thread and rod B a left-handed thread. The coefficient of static
friction between the rods and the threaded sleeve is 0.12. Determine the
magnitude of the couple that must be applied to the sleeve in order to
draw the rods closer together.
SOLUTION
Block on incline:
0.1 in.
θ = tan −1 = 3.0368°
2π ( 0.3 in.)
φ s = tan −1 µ s = tan −1 0.12 = 6.8428°
Q = ( 500 lb ) tan 9.8796° = 87.08 lb
Couple on each side

M = rQ = ( 0.3 in.)( 87.08 lb ) = 26.12 lb ⋅ in.
Couple to turn = 2M = 52.2 lb ⋅ in.

PROBLEM 8.71
Assuming that in Problem 8.70 a right-handed thread is used on both rods
A and B, determine the magnitude of the couple that must be applied to
the sleeve in order to rotate it.
SOLUTION
Block on incline A:
0.1 in.
θ = tan −1 = 3.0368°
2π ( 0.3 in.)
φ s = tan −1 µ s = tan −1 0.12 = 6.8428°
Q = ( 500 lb ) tan 9.8796°
= 87.08 lb
Couple at A = ( 0.3 in.)( 87.08 lb )
= 26.124 lb ⋅ in.
Block on incline B:
Q = ( 500 lb ) tan 3.806°
= 33.26 lb
Couple at B = ( 0.3 in.)( 33.26 lb )
= 9.979 lb ⋅ in.
Total couple = 26.124 lb ⋅ in. + 9.979 lb ⋅ in.

Couple to turn = 36.1 lb ⋅ in. W
PROBLEM 8.72
The position of the automobile jack shown is controlled by a screw ABC
that is single-threaded at each end (right-handed thread at A, left-handed
thread at C). Each thread has a pitch of 2 mm and a mean diameter of
7.5 mm. If the coefficient of static friction is 0.15, determine the
magnitude of the couple M that must be applied to raise the automobile.
SOLUTION
FBD joint D:
By symmetry: FAD = FCD
ΣFy = 0: 2FAD sin 25° − 4 kN = 0
FAD = FCD = 4.7324 kN

FBD joint A:
By symmetry: FAE = FAD
ΣFx = 0: FAC − 2 ( 4.7324 kN ) cos 25° = 0
FAC = 8.5780 kN
Block and incline A:
2 mm
θ = tan −1 = 4.8518°
π ( 7.5 mm )
φ s = tan −1 µ s = tan −1 0.15 = 8.5308°

Q = ( 8.578 kN ) tan (13.3826° )
= 2.0408 kN
Couple at A: M A = rQ
 7.5 
= mm  ( 2.0408 kN )
 2 
= 7.653 N ⋅ m
By symmetry: Couple at C: M C = 7.653 N ⋅ m
Total couple M = 2 ( 7.653 N ⋅ m ) M = 15.31 N ⋅ m W

PROBLEM 8.73
For the jack of Problem 8.72, determine the magnitude of the couple M
that must be applied to lower the automobile.
SOLUTION
FBD joint D:
By symmetry: FAD = FCD
ΣFy = 0: 2FAD sin 25° − 4 kN = 0
FAD = FCD = 4.7324 kN

FBD joint A:
By symmetry: FAE = FAD
ΣFx = 0: FAC − 2 ( 4.7324 kN ) cos 25° = 0
FAC = 8.5780 kN
Block and incline at A:
2 mm
θ = tan −1 = 4.8518°
π ( 7.5 mm )
φ s = tan −1 µ s = tan −1 0.15

φ s = 8.5308°
φ s − θ = 3.679°
Q = ( 8.5780 kN ) tan 3.679°
Q = 0.55156 kN
Couple at A: M A = Qr
 7.5 mm 
= ( 0.55156 kN )  
 2 
= 2.0683 N ⋅ m
By symmetry: Couple at C : M C = 2.0683 N ⋅ m
Total couple M = 2 ( 2.0683 N ⋅ m ) M = 4.14 N ⋅ m W

PROBLEM 8.74
In the gear-pulling assembly shown, the square-threaded screw AB has a
mean radius of 22.5 mm and a lead of 6 mm. Knowing that the
coefficient of static friction is 0.10, determine the couple which must be
applied to the screw in order to produce a force of 4.5 kN on the gear.
Neglect friction at end A of the screw.
SOLUTION
Block on incline:
6 mm
θ = tan −1 = 2.4302°
2π ( 22.5 mm )
φ s = tan −1 µ s = tan −1 0.1

φ s = 5.7106°
Q = ( 4.5 kN ) tan 8.1408°
= 0.6437 kN
Couple M = rQ
= ( 22.5 mm )( 0.6437 kN )
= 14.483 N ⋅ m
M = 14.48 N ⋅ m W
NOTE FOR PROBLEMS 8.75–8.89
Note to instructors: In this manual, the singular sin (tan–1µ) ≈ µ is NOT used in the solution of journal
bearing and axle friction problems. While this approximation may be valid for very small values of µ, there is
little if any reason to use it, and the error may be significant. For example, in Problems 8.76–8.79, µ s = 0.40,
and the error made by using the approximation is about 7.7%.
PROBLEM 8.75
A 120-mm-radius pulley of mass 5 kg is attached to a 30-mm-radius shaft
which fits loosely in a fixed bearing. It is observed that the pulley will
just start rotating if a 0.5-kg mass is added to block A. Determine the
coefficient of static friction between the shaft and the bearing.
SOLUTION
FBD pulley: ΣFy = 0: R − 103.005 N − 49.05 N − 98.1 N = 0
R = 250.155 N
ΣM O = 0: ( 0.12 m )(103.005 N − 98.1 N ) − rf ( 250.155 N ) = 0

rf = 0.0023529 m = 2.3529 mm
rf
φ s = sin −1
rs
 rf   −1 2.3529 mm 
µ s = tan φs = tan  sin −1  = tan  sin 
 rs   30 mm 
µ s = 0.0787 W
PROBLEM 8.76
The double pulley shown is attached to a 0.5-in.-radius shaft which fits
loosely in a fixed bearing. Knowing that the coefficient of static friction
between the shaft and the poorly lubricated bearing is 0.40, determine the
magnitude of the force P required to start raising the load.
SOLUTION
( )
*
FDB pulley: rf = rs sin φs = rs sin tan −1 µ s
( )
rf = ( 0.5 in.) sin tan −1 0.40 = 0.185695 in.
ΣM C = 0: ( 4.5 in. + 0.185695 in.)( 40 lb )

− ( 2.25 in. − 0.185695 in.) P = 0
P = 90.8 lb
* See note before Problem 8.75.

PROBLEM 8.77
magnitude of the force P required to start raising the load.
SOLUTION
( ) (
rf = rs sin φs = rs sin tan −1 µ s = ( 0.5 in.) sin tan −1 0.4 )
*
FBD pulley:
rf = 0.185695 in.
ΣM C = 0: ( 4.5 in. − 0.185695 in.)( 40 lb )

− ( 2.25 in. − 0.185695 in.) P = 0
P = 83.6 lb

PROBLEM 8.78
magnitude of the force P required to maintain equilibrium.
SOLUTION
( )
*
FBD pulley: rf = rs sin φs = rs sin tan −1 µ s
( )
rf = ( 0.5 in.) sin tan −1 0.40 = 0.185695 in.
ΣM C = 0: ( 4.5 in. − 0.185695 in.)( 40 lb )

− ( 2.25 in. + 0.185695 in.)( P ) = 0
P = 70.9 lb

PROBLEM 8.79
magnitude of the force P required to maintain equilibrium.
SOLUTION
( )
*
FBD pulley: rf = rs sin φs = rs sin tan −1 µ s
( )
rf = ( 0.5 in.) sin tan −1 0.4 = 0.185695 in.
ΣM C = 0: ( 4.5 in. + 0.185695 in.)( 40 lb )

− ( 2.25 in. + 0.185695 in.) P = 0
P = 77.0 lb

PROBLEM 8.80
Control lever ABC fits loosely on a 18-mm-diameter shaft at support B.
Knowing that P = 130 N for impending clockwise rotation of the lever,
determine (a) the coefficient of static friction between the pin and the
lever, (b) the magnitude of the force P for which counterclockwise
rotation of the lever is impending.
SOLUTION
(a) FBD lever (Impending CW ΣM C = 0: ( 0.2 m + rf ) ( 75 N ) − ( 0.12 m − rf ) (130 N ) = 0

rotation):
rf = 0.0029268 m = 2.9268 mm
rf
sin φ s =
rs
 rf   −1 2.9268 mm 
*
µ s = tan φs = tan  sin −1  = tan  sin 
 rs   18 mm 
= 0.34389
µ s = 0.344
(b) FBD lever (Impending CCW

rotation):
ΣM D = 0: ( 0.20 m − 0.0029268 m )( 75 N )
− ( 0.12 m + 0.0029268 m ) P = 0
P = 120.2 N

PROBLEM 8.81
The block and tackle shown are used to raise a 600-N load. Each of the
60-mm-diameter pulleys rotates on a 10-mm-diameter axle. Knowing that
the coefficient of kinetic friction is 0.20, determine the tension in each
portion of the rope as the load is slowly raised.
SOLUTION
Pulley FBD’s: rp = 30 mm
( )
Left: *
rf = raxle sin φk = raxle sin tan −1 µ k
(
= ( 5 mm ) sin tan −1 0.2 )
= 0.98058 mm
Left:
ΣM C = 0: ( rp − rf ) ( 600 lb ) − 2rpTAB = 0
Right: 30 mm − 0.98058 mm
or TAB = ( 600 N ) = 290.19 N
2 ( 30 mm )
TAB = 290 N
ΣFy = 0: 290.19 N − 600 N + TCD = 0
or TCD = 309.81 N TCD = 310 N
Right:
ΣM G = 0: ( rp + rf ) TCD − ( rp − rf ) TEF =0
30 mm + 0.98058 mm
or TEF = ( 309.81 N ) = 330.75 N
30 mm − 0.98058 mm
TEF = 331 N
PROBLEM 8.82
The block and tackle shown are used to lower a 600-N load. Each of the
60-mm-diameter pulleys rotates on a 10-mm-diameter axle. Knowing that
the coefficient of kinetic friction is 0.20, determine the tension in each
portion of the rope as the load is slowly lowered.
SOLUTION
Pulley FBDs: rp = 30 mm
Left:
( )
*
rf = raxle sin φk = raxle sin tan −1 µ k
(
= ( 5 mm ) sin tan −1 0.2 )
= 0.98058 mm
ΣM C = 0: ( rp + rf ) ( 600 N ) − 2rpTAB = 0
30 mm + 0.98058 mm
or TAB = ( 600 N ) = 309.81 N
2 ( 30 mm )
TAB = 310 N
ΣFy = 0: TAB − 600 N + TCD = 0
Right: or TCD = 600 N − 309.81 N = 290.19 N
TCD = 290 N
ΣM H = 0: ( rp − rf ) TCD − ( rp + rf ) TEF =0
30 mm − 0.98058 mm
or TEF = ( 290.19 N )
30 mm + 0.98058 mm
TEF = 272 N
PROBLEM 8.83
The link arrangement shown is frequently used in highway bridge
construction to allow for expansion due to changes in temperature. At
each of the 3-in.-diameter pins A and B the coefficient of static friction is
0.20. Knowing that the vertical component of the force exerted by BC on
the link is 50 kips, determine (a) the horizontal force which should be
exerted on beam BC to just move the link, (b) the angle that the resulting
force exerted by beam BC on the link will form with the vertical.
SOLUTION
Note that AB is a two force member. For impending motion, the pin
FBD link AB:
forces are tangent to the friction circles.
rf
θ = sin −1
25 in.
( )
*
where rf = rp sin φs = rp sin tan −1 µ s
( )
= (1.5 in.) sin tan −1 0.2 = 0.29417 in.
0.29417 in.
Then θ = sin −1 = 1.3485°
12.5 in.
(b) θ = 1.349°
Rvert = R cosθ Rhoriz = R sin θ
Rhoriz = Rvert tan θ = ( 50 kips ) tan1.3485° = 1.177 kips
(a) Rhoriz = 1.177 kips

PROBLEM 8.84
A gate assembly consisting of a 24-kg gate ABC and a 66-kg
counterweight D is attached to a 24-mm-diameter shaft B which fits
is 0.20 between the shaft and the bearing, determine the magnitude of the
force P for which counterclockwise rotation of the gate is impending.
SOLUTION
FBD gate:
( )
W1 = 66 kg 9.81 m/s 2 = 647.46 N
W = 24 kg ( 9.81 m/s ) = 235.44 N

2
2
rf = r sin φ = r sin ( tan µ )

s s s
−1
s
= ( 0.012 m ) sin ( tan 0.2 ) = 0.0023534 m

−1
ΣM C = 0: ( 0.6 m − rf )W1 + ( 0.15 m − rf ) P − (1.8 m + rf )W2 = 0

P=
(1.80235 m )( 235.44 N ) − ( 0.59765 m )( 647.46 N )
( 0.14765 m )
= 253.2 N
P = 253 N
PROBLEM 8.85
force P for which counterclockwise rotation of the gate is impending.
SOLUTION
It is convenient to replace the ( 66 kg ) g and ( 24 kg ) g weights with a single combined weight of

(1.8 m )( 24 kg ) − ( 0.6 m )( 24 kg )
( 90 kg ) ( 9.81 m/s2 ) = 882.9 N, located at a distance x= = 0.04 m to the
90 kg
right of B.
( ) (
= ( 0.012 m ) sin tan −1 0.2 )
*
rf = rs sin φs = rs sin tan −1 µ s
= 0.0023534 m
FBD pulley + gate:
0.04 m 0.15
α = tan −1 = 14.931° OB = = 0.15524 m
0.15 m cos α
rf 0.0023534 m
β = sin −1 = sin −1 = 0.8686° then θ = α + β = 15.800°
OB 0.15524 m
P = W tan θ = 248.9 N
P = 250 N
PROBLEM 8.86
force P for which clockwise rotation of the gate is impending.
SOLUTION
FBD gate:
( )
W1 = 66 kg 9.81 m/s 2 = 647.46 N
( )
W2 = 24 kg 9.81 m/s 2 = 235.44 N
( )
*
( )
= ( 0.012 m ) sin tan −1 0.2 = 0.0023534 m
ΣM C = 0: ( 0.6 m + rf )W1 + ( 0.15 m + rf ) P − (1.8 m − rf )W2 = 0
P=
(1.79765 m )( 235.44 N ) − ( 0.60235 m )( 647.46 N )
0.15235 m
= 218.19 N
P = 218 N

PROBLEM 8.87
force P for which clockwise rotation of the gate is impending.
SOLUTION
It is convenient to replace the ( 66 kg ) g and ( 24 kg ) g weights with a single weight of

(1.8 m )( 24 kg ) − ( 0.15 m )( 66 kg )
( 90 kg )( 9.81 N/kg ) = 882.9 N, located at a distance x= = 0.04 m to the
90 kg
right of B.
FBD pulley + gate:
( ) (
= ( 0.012 m ) sin tan −1 0.2 )
*
rf = 0.0023534 m
0.04 m 0.15 m
α = tan −1 = 14.931° OB = = 0.15524 m
0.15 m cos α
rf 0.0023534 m
β = sin −1 = sin −1 = 0.8686° then θ = α − β = 14.062°
OB 0.15524 m
P = W tan θ = 221.1 N
P = 221 N
PROBLEM 8.88
A loaded railroad car has a weight of 35 tons and is supported by eight
32-in.-diameter wheels with 5-in.-diameter axles. Knowing that the
coefficients of friction are µ s = 0.020 and µ k = 0.015, determine the
horizontal force required (a) for impending motion of the car, (b) to keep
the car moving at a constant speed. Neglect rolling resistance between the
wheels and the track.
SOLUTION
1 1 1
FBD wheel: Ww = Wc = ( 35 ton ) = ( 70,000 ) lb
8 8 8
( )
*
rf = ra sin φ = ra sin tan −1 µ
θ = sin −1 r f
= sin −1  ( )
 ( 2.5 in.) sin tan −1µ 

rw  16 in. 
 
( )
= sin −1 0.15625sin tan −1µ 
 
(a) For impending motion use µ s = 0.02: then θ s = 0.179014°
(b) For steady motion use µ k = 0.15: then θ k = 0.134272°
Pw = Ww tan θ Pc = Wc tan θ = 8Ww tan θ
(a) Pc = ( 70,000 lb ) tan ( 0.179014° )
Pc = 219 lb
(b) Pc = ( 70,000 lb ) tan ( 0.134272° )
Pc = 164.0 lb

PROBLEM 8.89
A scooter is designed to roll down a 2 percent slope at a constant speed.
Assuming that the coefficient of kinetic friction between the 1-in.-
diameter axles and the bearing is 0.10, determine the required diameter of
the wheels. Neglect the rolling resistance between the wheels and the
ground.
SOLUTION
FBD wheel: Note: The wheel is a two-force member in equilibrium, so R and W

must be collinear and tangent to friction circle.
2% slope ⇒ tan θ = 0.02
( )
rf
Also sin θ = sin tan −1 0.02 = 0.019996
rw
( )
*
But rf = ra sin φk = ra sin tan −1 µ k
( )
= (1 in.) sin tan −1 0.1 = 0.099504 in.
rf 0.099504
Then rw = = = 4.976 in.
sin θ 0.019996
and d w = 2rw d w = 9.95 in.

PROBLEM 8.90
A 25-kg electric floor polisher is operated on a surface for which the
coefficient of kinetic friction is 0.25. Assuming that the normal force per
unit area between the disk and the floor is uniformly distributed,
determine the magnitude Q of the horizontal forces required to prevent
motion of the machine.
SOLUTION
Couple exerted on handle M H = dQ = ( 0.4 m ) Q
2
Couple exerted on floor MF = µ k PR (Equation 8.9)
3
where µ k = 0.25, ( )
P = ( 25 kg ) 9.81 m/s 2 = 245.25 N, R = 0.18 m
For equilibrium MH = MF,
so Q=
2
3 ( 0.25)( 245.25 N )( 0.18 m )
0.4 m
Q = 18.39 N
PROBLEM 8.91
The pivot for the seat of a desk chair consists of the steel plate A, which
supports the seat, the solid steel shaft B which is welded to A and which
turns freely in the tubular member C, and the nylon bearing D. If a person
of weight W = 180 lb is seated directly above the pivot, determine the
magnitude of the couple M for which rotation of the seat is impending
knowing that the coefficient of static friction is 0.15 between the tubular
member and the bearing.
SOLUTION
2 R3 − R13
For an annular bearing area M = µ s P 22 ( Equation 8.8)
3 R2 − R12
D 1 D3 − D13
Since R = M = µ s P 22
2 3 D2 − D12
Now µ s = 0.15, P = W = 180 lb, D1 = 1.00 in., D2 = 1.25 in.
0.15 (1.25 in.) − ( 4 in.)

3 3
M = (180 lb )
3 (1.25 in.)2 − (1 in.)2
M = 15.25 lb ⋅ in.
PROBLEM 8.92
As the surfaces of a shaft and a bearing wear out, the frictional resistance
of a thrust bearing decreases. It is generally assumed that the wear is
directly proportional to the distance traveled by any given point of the
shaft and thus to the distance r from the point to the axis of the shaft.
Assuming, then, that the normal force per unit area is inversely
proportional to r, show that the magnitude M of the couple required to
overcome the frictional resistance of a worn-out end bearing (with
contact over the full circular area) is equal to 75 percent of the value
given by formula (8.9) for a new bearing.
SOLUTION
∆N k
Let the normal force on ∆A be ∆N , and =
∆A r
As in the text ∆F = µ∆N , ∆M = r ∆F
The total normal force
2π  R k 
P = lim Σ∆N = ∫0  ∫0 rdr  dθ
∆A → 0  r 
( R
)
P = 2π ∫0 kdr = 2π kR or k =
P
2π R
2π  R k 
The total couple M worn = lim Σ∆M = ∫0  ∫0 r µ rdr  dθ
∆A → 0  r 
R2 P R2
M worn = 2πµ k ∫0 rdr = 2πµ k = 2πµ
R
2 2π R 2
1
or M worn = µ PR
2
2
Now M new = µ PR [Eq. (8.9)]
3
M worn 1 µ PR 3
Thus = 2
= = 75%
M new 2
3
µ PR 4
PROBLEM 8.93
Assuming that bearings wear out as indicated in Problem 8.92, show that
the magnitude M of the couple required to overcome the frictional
1
resistance of a worn-out collar bearing is M = µk P ( R1 + R2 )
2
where P = magnitude of the total axial force
R1, R2 = inner and outer radii of collar
SOLUTION
∆N k
Let normal force on ∆A be ∆N , and =
∆A r
As in the text ∆F = µ∆N , ∆M = r ∆F
The total normal force P is
2π  R k 
P = lim Σ∆N = ∫0  ∫R 2 rdr  dθ
∆A → 0  1 r 
P
P = 2π ∫R 2 kdr = 2π k ( R2 − R1 )
R
or k =
1 2π ( R2 − R1 )
2π  R k 
The total couple is M worn = lim Σ∆M = ∫0  ∫R 2 r µ rdr  dθ
∆A → 0  1 r 
( rdr ) = πµ k (
(
πµ P R22 − R12 )
M worn = 2πµ k ∫
R2
R1
R22 − R12 )= 2π ( R2 − R1 )
1
M worn = µ P ( R2 + R1 )
2
PROBLEM 8.94
Assuming that the pressure between the surfaces of contact is uniform,
show that the magnitude M of the couple required to overcome frictional
2 µk P R23 − R13
resistance for the conical bearing shown is M =
3 sin θ R22 − R12
SOLUTION
∆N
Let normal force on ∆A be ∆N , and = k,
∆A
∆r
so ∆N = k ∆A ∆A = r ∆s∆φ ∆s =
sin θ
where φ is the azimuthal angle around the symmetry axis of rotation
∆Fy = ∆N sin θ = kr ∆r ∆φ
Total vertical force P = lim Σ∆Fy

∆A → 0
P = ∫0
2π
(∫
R2
R1
krdr ) dφ = 2π k ∫ R2
R1
rdr
(
P = π k R22 − R12 ) k =
P
( )
or
π R22 − R12
Friction force ∆F = µ∆N = µ k ∆A
∆r
Moment ∆M = r ∆F = r µ kr ∆φ
sin θ
2π  R µ k 
Total couple M = lim Σ∆M = ∫0  ∫R 2 r 2dr  dφ
∆A → 0  1 sin θ 
µ k R2 2 2 πµ
M = 2π ∫ r dr =
P
(R3
− R33 )
sin θ R1
3 sin θ π R2 − R32
2
( ) 2
2 µ P R23 − R13
M =
3 sin θ R22 − R12
PROBLEM 8.95
Solve Problem 8.90 assuming that the normal force per unit area between
the disk and the floor varies linearly from a maximum at the center to
zero at the circumference of the disk.
SOLUTION
∆N  r
Let normal force on ∆A be ∆N , and = k 1 − 
∆A  R 
 r  r
∆F = µ∆N = µ k 1 −  ∆A = µ k 1 −  r ∆r ∆θ
 R  R
2π  R  r 
P = lim Σ∆N = ∫0  ∫0 k 1 −  rdr  dθ
∆A → 0   R 
R r  R 2 R3 
P = 2π k ∫0 1 −  rdr = 2π k  − 
 R  2 3R 
1 3P
P= π kR 2 or k =
3 π R2
2π  R  r 
M = lim Σr ∆F = ∫0  ∫0 r µ k 1 −  rdr  dθ
∆A → 0   R 
R r3   R3 R 4  1
= 2πµ k ∫0  r 2 −  dr = 2πµ k  −  = πµ kR
3
 R   3 4 R  6
πµ 3P 3 1
= R = µ PR
6 π R2 2
where µ = µk = 0.25 R = 0.18 m
( )
P = W = ( 25 kg ) 9.81 m/s 2 = 245.25 N
1
Then M = ( 0.25)( 245.25 N )( 0.18 m ) = 5.5181 N ⋅ m
2
M 5.5181 N ⋅ m
Finally, Q= = Q = 13.80 N
d 0.4 m
PROBLEM 8.96
A 1-ton machine base is rolled along a concrete floor using a series of
steel pipes with outside diameters of 5 in. Knowing that the coefficient of
rolling resistance is 0.025 in. between the pipes and the base and
0.0625 in. between the pipes and the concrete floor, determine the
magnitude of the force P required to slowly move the base along the
floor.
SOLUTION
FBD pipe:
0.025 in. + 0.0625 in.

θ = sin −1 = 1.00257°
5 in.
P = W tan θ for each pipe, so also for total
P = ( 2000 lb ) tan (1.00257° )
P = 35.0 lb
PROBLEM 8.97
Knowing that a 120-mm-diameter disk rolls at a constant velocity down a
2 percent incline, determine the coefficient of rolling resistance between
the disk and the incline.
SOLUTION
FBD disk:
tan θ = slope = 0.02
b = r tan θ = ( 60 mm )( 0.02 )
b = 1.200 mm
PROBLEM 8.98
Determine the horizontal force required to move a 1-Mg automobile with
460-mm-diameter tires along a horizontal road at a constant speed.
Neglect all forms of friction except rolling resistance, and assume the
coefficient of rolling resistance to be 1 mm.
SOLUTION
FBD wheel:
r = 230 mm
b = 1 mm
b
θ = sin −1
r
 b
P = W tan θ = W tan  sin −1  for each wheel, so for total
 r
( ) 
P = (1000 kg ) 9.81 m/s 2 tan  sin −1

1 

230 
P = 42.7 N
PROBLEM 8.99
Solve Problem 8.88 including the effect of a coefficient of rolling
resistance of 0.02 in.
SOLUTION
FBD wheel:
(
rf = ra sin φ = ra sin tan −1 µ )
(
= ( 2.5 in.) sin tan −1 µ )
P = W tan θ for each wheel, so also for total P = W tan θ
b + rf
tan θ ≈ for small θ
rw
( 0.02 in.) + rf
So P = ( 70, 000 lb )
16 in.
(a) For impending motion, use µ s = 0.02:
Then rf = 0.04999 in. and P = 306 lb
(b) For steady motion, use µ k = 0.015:
Then rf = 0.037496 in. and P = 252 lb

PROBLEM 8.100
Solve Problem 8.89 including the effect of a coefficient of rolling
resistance of 0.07 in.
SOLUTION
FBD wheel:
The wheel is a two-force body, so R and W are colinear and tangent to the friction circle.
tan θ = slope = 0.02
b + rf b + rf
tan θ ≈ or rw ≈
rw tan θ
Now (
rf = ra sin φk = ra sin tan −1 µk )
(
= ( 0.5 in.) sin tan −1 0.1)
= 0.049752
0.07 in. + 0.049752 in.

∴ rw ≈ = 5.9876 in.
0.02
d = 2rw d = 11.98 in.

PROBLEM 8.101
A hawser is wrapped two full turns around a bollard. By exerting a 320-N
force on the free end of the hawser, a dockworker can resist a force of
20 kN on the other end of the hawser. Determine (a) the coefficient of
static friction between the hawser and the bollard, (b) the number of times
the hawser should be wrapped around the bollard if a 80-kN force is to be
resisted by the same 320-N force.
SOLUTION
Two full turns of rope → β = 4π rad
T2 1 T2
(a) µ s β = ln or µs = ln
T1 β T1
1 20 000 N
µs = ln = 0.329066
4π 320 N
µ s = 0.329
1 T2
(b) β = ln
µs T1
1 80 000 N
= ln
0.329066 320 N
= 16.799 rad
β = 2.67 turns
PROBLEM 8.102
Blocks A and B are connected by a cable that passes over support C.
Friction between the blocks and the inclined surfaces can be neglected.
Knowing that motion of block B up the incline is impending when
WB = 16 lb, determine (a) the coefficient of static friction between the
rope and the support, (b) the largest value of WB for which equilibrium is
maintained. (Hint: See Problem 8.128.)
SOLUTION
FBD A: FBD B:
ΣFt = 0: TA − 20 lb sin 30° = 0

ΣFx′ = 0: WB sin 30° − TB = 0
TA = 10 lb
WB
TB =
2
π
From hint, β = 60° = rad regardless of shape of support C
3
WB
(a) For motion of B up incline when WB = 16 lb, TB = = 8 lb
2
TA 1 TA 3 10 lb
and µ s β = ln or µs = ln = ln = 0.213086
TB β TB π 8 lb
µ s = 0.213
(b) For maximum WB , motion of B impends down and TB > TA
So TB = TAe µ s β = (10 lb ) e0.213086 π /3 = 12.500 lb
Now WB = 2TB
So that WB = 25.0 lb
PROBLEM 8.103
Blocks A and B are connected by a cable that passes over support C.
Friction between the blocks and the inclined surfaces can be neglected.
Knowing that the coefficient of static friction between the rope and the
support is 0.50, determine the range of values of WB for which
equilibrium is maintained. (Hint: See Problem 8.128.)
SOLUTION
FBD A: FBD B:
ΣFt = 0: TA − 20 lbsin 30° = 0
TA = 10 lb ΣFt ′ = 0: WB sin 30° − TB = 0
WB
TB =
2
π
From hint, β = 60° = rad, regardless of shape of support C.
3
For impending motion of B up, TA > TB , so
TA = TBe µs β or TB = TAe − µs β = (10 lb ) e−0.5π /3 = 5.924 lb
WB = 2TB = 11.85 lb
For impending motion of B down, TB > TB , so
TB = TAe µs β = (10 lb ) e0.5π /3 = 16.881 lb
WB = 2TB = 33.76 lb
For equilibrium 11.85 lb ≤ WB ≤ 33.8 lb

PROBLEM 8.104
A 120-kg block is supported by a rope which is wrapped 1 12 times
around a horizontal rod. Knowing that the coefficient of static friction
between the rope and the rod is 0.15, determine the range of values of P
for which equilibrium is maintained.
SOLUTION
β = 1.5 turns = 3π rad
For impending motion of W up
P = We µs β = (1177.2 N ) e(
0.15 )3π
= 4839.7 N
For impending motion of W down
P = We − µs β = (1177.2 N ) e ( )
− 0.15 3π
= 286.3 N
For equilibrium
286 N ≤ P ≤ 4.84 kN
PROBLEM 8.105
The coefficient of static friction between block B and the horizontal
surface and between the rope and support C is 0.40. Knowing that
WA = 30 lb, determine the smallest weight of block B for which
SOLUTION
Support at C: FBD block B:
ΣFy = 0: N B − WB = 0 or N B = WB
Impending motion FB = µ s N B = 0.4 N B = 0.4WB
ΣFx = 0: FB − TB = 0 or TB = FB = 0.4WB
At support, for impending motion of WA down, WA = TBe µ s β
TB = WAe − µ s β = ( 30 lb ) e ( ) = 16.005 lb
− 0.4 π /2
so
TB
Now WB =
0.4
so that WB = 40.0 lb
PROBLEM 8.106
The coefficient of static friction µ s is the same between block B and
the horizontal surface and between the rope and support C. Knowing
that WA = WB , determine the smallest value of µ s for which
SOLUTION
Support at C FBD B:
ΣFy = 0: N B − W = 0 or NB = W
Impending motion: FB = µ s N B = µ sW
ΣFx = 0: FB − TB = 0 or TB = FB = µ sW
Impending motion of rope on support: W = TBe µ s β = µ sWe µ s β
or 1 = µ s e µs β
π
µs
or µ se 2 =1
Solving numerically: µ s = 0.475

PROBLEM 8.107
In the pivoted motor mount shown, the weight W of the 85-kg motor is
used to maintain tension in the drive belt. Knowing that the coefficient of
static friction between the flat belt and drums A and B is 0.40, and
neglecting the weight of platform CD, determine the largest torque which
can be transmitted to drum B when the drive drum A is rotating
clockwise.
SOLUTION
FBD motor + mount:
For impending slipping of belt, T2 = T1e µs β = T1e0.4π = 3.5136T1
ΣM D = 0: ( 0.24 m )(833.85 N ) − ( 0.14 m ) T2 − ( 0.26 m ) T1 = 0

( 0.14 m )( 3.5136 ) + 0.26 m  T1 = 200.124 N ⋅ m
or T1 = 266.16 N
and T2 = 3.5136T1 = 935.18 N

FBD drum:
ΣM B = 0: M B − ( 0.06m )( 266.16 N − 935.18 N ) = 0
M B = 40.1 N ⋅ m
(Compare to M B = 81.7 N ⋅ m using V-belt, Problem 8.130.)

PROBLEM 8.108
Solve Problem 8.107 assuming that the drive drum A is rotating
counterclockwise.
SOLUTION
FBD motor + mount:
Impending slipping of belt: T1 = T2e µ s β = T1e0.4π = 3.5136T2
ΣM D = 0: ( 0.24 m )W − ( 0.26 m ) T1 − ( 0.14 m ) T2 =0
( 0.26 m )( 3.5136 ) + 0.14 m  T2 = ( 0.24 m )( 833.85 N )
or T2 = 189.95 N
and T1 = 667.42 N
FBD drum:
ΣM B = 0: ( 0.06 m )( 667.42 N − 189.95 N ) − M B =0
M B = 28.6 N ⋅ m
PROBLEM 8.109
A flat belt is used to transmit a torque from pulley A to pulley B. The
radius of each pulley is 3 in., and a force of magnitude P = 225 lb is
applied as shown to the axle of pulley A. Knowing that the coefficient of
static friction is 0.35, determine (a) the largest torque which can be
transmitted, (b) the corresponding maximum value of the tension in the
belt.
SOLUTION
FBD pulley A:
Impending slipping of belt: T2 = T1e µs β
T2 = T1e0.35π = 3.0028T1
ΣFx = 0: T1 + T2 − 225 lb = 0
T1 (1 + 3.0028 ) = 225 lb or T1 = 56.211 lb
T2 = 3.0028T1 or T2 = 168.79 lb
(a) ΣM A = 0: M A + ( 6 in.)(T1 − T2 ) = 0 or M A = ( 3 in.)(168.79 lb − 56.21 lb )
∴ max. torque: M A = 338 lb ⋅ in.
(b) max. tension: T2 = 168.8 lb
(Compare with M A = 638 lb ⋅ in. with V-belt, Problem 8.131.)

PROBLEM 8.110
Solve Problem 8.109 assuming that the belt is looped around the pulleys
in a figure eight.
SOLUTION
FBDs pulleys:
3 in. π
θ = sin −1 = 30° = rad.
6 in. 6
π 4π
β =π +2 =
6 3
Impending belt slipping: T2 = T1e µs β
T2 = T1e(
0.35 ) 4π /3
= 4.3322T1
ΣFx = 0: T1 cos 30° + T2 cos 30° − 225 lb = 0
(T1 + 4.3322T1 ) cos 30° = 225 lb or T1 = 48.7243 lb
T2 = 4.3322T1 so that T2 = 211.083 lb
(a) ΣM A = 0: M A + ( 3 in.)(T1 − T2 ) = 0 or M A = ( 3 in.)( 211.083 lb − 48.224 lb )
M max = M A = 487 lb ⋅ in.
(b) Tmax = T2 = 211 lb

PROBLEM 8.111
A couple M B of magnitude 2 lb ⋅ ft is applied to the drive drum B of a
portable belt sander to maintain the sanding belt C at a constant speed.
The total downward force exerted on the wooden workpiece E is 12 lb,
and µ k = 0.10 between the belt and the sanding platen D. Knowing that
µ s = 0.35 between the belt and the drive drum and that the radii of
drums A and B are 1.00 in., determine (a) the minimum tension in the
lower portion of the belt if no slipping is to occur between the belt and
the drive drum, (b) the value of the coefficient of kinetic friction between
the belt and the workpiece.
SOLUTION
FBD lower portion of belt:
ΣFy = 0: N E − N D = 0
or N D = N E = 12 lb
Slipping: FD = ( µ k )belt/platen N D
FD = 0.1(12 lb ) = 1.2 lb
and FE = ( µk )belt/wood N E
F = (12 lb ) ( µ k )belt/wood (1)
FBD drum A: (assumed free to rotate)
ΣFx = 0: TB − TA − FD − FE = 0 (2)
ΣM A = 0: rA (TA − TT ) = 0 or TT = TA
FBD drum B:
ΣM B = 0: M B + r (TT − TB ) = 0
M B  2 lb ⋅ ft   12 in. 
or TB − TT = =   = 24 lb
r  1 in.   ft 
Impending slipping: TB = TT e µs β = TT e0.35π
So (e 0.35π
)
− 1 TT = 24 lb or TT = 11.983 lb
Now TA = TT = 11.983 lb then TB = (11.983 lb ) e0.35π = 35.983 lb
From Equation (2): 35.983 lb − 11.983 lb − 1.2 lb = FE = 22.8 lb
FE 22.8 lb
From Equation (1): ( µk )belt/wood = = = 1.900
12 lb 12 lb
Therefore (a) Tmin = TA = 11.98 lb
(b) ( µk )belt/wood = 1.900

PROBLEM 8.112
A band belt is used to control the speed of a flywheel as shown.
Determine the magnitude of the couple being applied to the flywheel
knowing that the coefficient of kinetic friction between the belt and the
flywheel is 0.25 and that the flywheel is rotating clockwise at a constant
speed. Show that the same result is obtained if the flywheel rotates
counterclockwise.
SOLUTION
FBD wheel:
ΣM E = 0: − M E + ( 7.5 in.)(T2 − T1 ) = 0
or M E = ( 7.5 in.)(T2 − T1 )
ΣM C = 0: ( 4 in.)(T1 + T2 ) − (16 in.)( 25 lb ) = 0

FBD lever: or T1 + T2 = 100 lb
Impending slipping: T2 = T1e µs β
or T2 = T1e
( )
0.25 32π
= 3.2482T1
So T1 (1 + 3.2482 ) = 100 lb
T1 = 23.539 lb
and M E = ( 7.5 in.)( 3.2482 − 1)( 23.539 lb ) = 396.9 lb ⋅ in.
M E = 397 lb ⋅ in.
Changing the direction of rotation will change the direction of M E and

will switch the magnitudes of T1 and T2 .
The magnitude of the couple applied will not change.
PROBLEM 8.113
The drum brake shown permits clockwise rotation of the drum but
prevents rotation in the counterclockwise direction. Knowing that the
maximum allowed tension in the belt is 7.2 kN, determine (a) the
magnitude of the largest counterclockwise couple that can be applied to
the drum, (b) the smallest value of the coefficient of static friction
between the belt and the drum for which the drum will not rotate
counterclockwise.
SOLUTION
FBD lever:
ΣM B = 0: ( 25 mm ) TC − ( 62.5 mm ) TA =0
TC = 2.5TA
Impending ccw rotation:

FBD lever: (a) TC = Tmax = 7.2 kN
But TC = 2.5TA
7.2 kN
So TA = = 2.88 kN
2.5
ΣM D = 0: M D + (100 mm ) (TA − TC ) = 0
M D = (100 mm )( 7.2 − 2.88 ) kN
M D = 432 N ⋅ m
TC
(b) Also, impending slipping: µ s β = ln
TA
1 TC 1
µs = ln = ln2.5 = 0.2187
β TA 4π
3
Therefore, ( µs )min = 0.219
PROBLEM 8.114
A differential band brake is used to control the speed of a drum which
rotates at a constant speed. Knowing that the coefficient of kinetic
friction between the belt and the drum is 0.30 and that a couple of
magnitude is 150 N ⋅ m applied to the drum, determine the corresponding
magnitude of the force P that is exerted on end D of the lever when the
drum is rotating (a) clockwise, (b) counterclockwise.
SOLUTION
FBD lever:
ΣM B = 0: ( 0.34 m ) P + ( 0.04 m ) TC − ( 0.15 m ) TA =0
15TA − 4TC
P= (1)
34
FBD drum:
(a) For cw rotation, M E
ΣM E = 0: ( 0.14 m ) (TA − TC ) − M E =0
150 N ⋅ m
TA − TC = = 1071.43 N
0.14 m
( 0.3) 76π
Impending slipping: TA = TC e µk β = TC e
TA = 3.00284TC
So ( 3.00284 − 1) TC = 1071.43 N or TC = 534.96 N
and TA = 1606.39 N
15 (1606.39 N ) − 4 ( 534.96 N )
From Equation (1): P=
34
P = 646 N
(b) For ccw rotation, ME and ΣM E = 0 ⇒ TC − TA = 1071.43 N
Also, impending slip ⇒ TC = 3.00284TA , so TA = 534.96 N
and TC = 1606.39 N
15 ( 534.96 N ) − 4 (1606.39 N )
And Equation (1) ⇒ P=
34
P = 47.0 N
PROBLEM 8.115
A differential band brake is used to control the speed of a drum.
Determine the minimum value of the coefficient of static friction for
which the brake is self-locking when the drum rotates counterclockwise.
SOLUTION
FBD lever:
For self-locking P = 0
ΣM B = 0: ( 0.04 m ) TC − ( 0.15 m ) TA =0
TC = 3.75TA
FBD drum:
For impending slipping of belt TC = TAe µs β
TC
or µ s β = ln
TA
1 TC 1
Then µs = ln = ln 3.75 = 0.3606
β TA 7π
6
( µs )req = 0.361
PROBLEM 8.116
Bucket A and block C are connected by a cable that passes over drum B.
Knowing that drum B rotates slowly counterclockwise and that the
coefficients of friction at all surfaces are µ s = 0.35 and µ k = 0.25,
determine the smallest combined weight W of the bucket and its contents
for which block C will (a) remain at rest, (b) be about to move up the
incline, (c) continue moving up the incline at a constant speed.
SOLUTION
FBD block:
ΣFn = 0: NC − ( 200 lb ) cos 30° = 0; N = 100 3 lb
ΣFt = 0: TC − ( 200 lb ) sin 30° ∓ FC = 0
TC = 100 lb ± FC (1)
where the upper signs apply when FC acts
(a) For impending motion of block , FC , and

FBD drum:
( )
FC = µ s NC = 0.35 100 3 lb = 35 3 lb
So, from Equation (1): (

TC = 100 − 35 3 lb )
But belt slips on drum, so TC = WAe µk β
−0.25( )
( )
2π
WA =  100 − 35 3 lb  e 3
 
WA = 23.3 lb
(b) For impending motion of block , FC and FC = µ s NC = 35 3 lb
From Equation (1): (

TC = 100 + 35 3 lb )
−0.25( )
( )
2π
Belt still slips, so WA = TC e − µk β =  100 + 35 3 lb  e 3
 
WA = 95.1 lb
(c) For steady motion of block , FC , and FC = µk NC = 25 3 lb
Then, from Equation (1): (

T = 100 + 25 3 lb. )
Also, belt is not slipping on drum, so
−0.35( )
( )
2π
WA = TC e− µ s β =  100 + 25 3 lb  e 3
 
WA = 68.8 lb
PROBLEM 8.117
Solve Problem 8.116 assuming that drum B is frozen and cannot
rotate.
SOLUTION ΣFn = 0: NC − ( 200 lb ) cos 30° = 0; NC = 100 3 lb
FBD block: ΣFt = 0: ± FC + ( 200 lb ) sin 30° − T = 0
T = 100 lb ± FC (1)
where the upper signs apply when FC acts
(a) For impending motion of block , FC and FC = µ s NC
So ( )
FC = 0.35 100 3 lb = 35 3 lb
and T = 100 lb − 35 3 lb = 39.375 lb

FBD drum:
Also belt slipping is impending so T = WAe µ s β
or WA = Te− µ s β = ( 39.378 lb ) e
( )
−0.35 23π
WA = 18.92 lb
(b) For impending motion of block , FC , and

FC = µ s NC = 35 3 lb
But ( )
T = 100 + 35 3 lb = 160.622 lb.
Also belt slipping is impending
So WA = Te+ µ s β = (160.622 lb ) e
( );
0.35 23π
WA = 334 lb
(c) For steady motion of block , FC , and FC = µk NC = 25 3 lb
Then ( )
T = 100 lb + 25 3 lb = 143.301 lb.
Now belt is slipping
So WA = Te µk β = (143.301 lb ) e
( )
0.25 23π
WA = 242 lb
PROBLEM 8.118
A cable passes around three 30-mm-radius pulleys and supports two
blocks as shown. Pulleys C and E are locked to prevent rotation, and the
coefficients of friction between the cable and the pulleys are µ s = 0.20
and µ k = 0.15. Determine the range of values of the mass of block A for
which equilibrium is maintained (a) if pulley D is locked, (b) if pulley D
is free to rotate.
SOLUTION
r π
Note: θ = sin −1 = 30° = rad
2r 6
2π
So βC = β D = and βE = π
3
(a) All pulleys locked ⇒ slipping impends at all surface simultaneously.
If A impends , T2 = WAe µ s βC ; T1 = T2e µ s β D ; WB = T1e µs β E
WB = WAe s ( C D E )
µ β +β +β − µs ( βC + β D + β E )
So or WA = WBe
Then mA = mBe
− µ s ( βC + β D + β E )
= ( 8 kg ) e
(
−0.2 23π + 23π + π ) = 1.847 kg
WA = T2e µ s βC = T1e µs β D e µ s βC = WBe s ( E D C )

µ β +β +β
If A impends ,
0.2(π + 23π + 23π )

mA = mBe s ( E D C ) = ( 8 kg ) e
µ β +β +β
So = 34.7 kg
Equilibrium for 1.847 kg ≤ mA ≤ 34.7 kg

(b) Pulleys C & E locked, pulley D free ⇒ T1 = T2 , other relations remain the same.
WB = T1e µs β E = WAe s ( C E )
µ β +β
If A impends , T2 = WAe µs βC = T1
So mA = mBe
− µs ( βC + β E )
= ( 8 kg ) e
(
−0.2 23π + π ) = 2.807 kg
+ µ s ( βC + β E )
If A impends slipping is reversed, WA = WBe
0.2( 5π )
mA = mBe s ( C E ) = ( 8 kg ) e 3 = 22.8 kg
µ β +β
Then

PROBLEM 8.119
blocks as shown. Two of the pulleys are locked to prevent rotation, while
the third pulley is rotated slowly at a constant speed. Knowing that the
and µ k = 0.15, determine the largest mass mA which can be raised (a) if
pulley C is rotated, (b) if pulley E is rotated.
SOLUTION
r π
Note: θ = sin −1 = 30° = rad
2r 6
2π
βC = β D = and βE = π
3
Mass A moves up
(a) C rotates , for maximum WA have no belt slipping on C, so
WA = T2e µ s βC
D and E are fixed, so T1 = T2e µk β D
WB = T1e µk β E = T2e k ( D E ) ⇒ T2 = WBe k ( D E )

µ β +β −µ β + β
and
Thus mA g = mB ge
µs βC − µk ( β D + β E )
or mA = ( 8 kg ) e
( 0.43π − 0.1π − 0.15π )
mA = 5.55 kg
(b) E rotates , no belt slip on E, so T1 = WBe µs β E
T1 = T2e µk β D = WAe k ( C D )
µ β +β
C and D fixed, so
− µk ( βC + β D ) µ s β E − µk ( βC + β D )
or mA g = T1e = mB ge
mA = ( 8 kg ) e(
0.2π − 0.1π − 0.1π )
Then = 8.00 kg
mA = 8.00 kg
PROBLEM 8.120
blocks as shown. Pulleys C and E are locked to prevent rotation, and the
and µ k = 0.15. Determine the range of values of the mass of block A for
which equilibrium is maintained (a) if pulley D is locked, (b) if pulley D
is free to rotate.
SOLUTION 0.075 m π
Note: θ = sin −1 = 30° = rad
0.15 m 6
5 2 1
So βC = π , βD = π , βE = π
6 3 2
(a) All pulleys locked, slipping at all surfaces.
For mA impending , T1 = WAe µs βC ,
T2 = T1e µ s β D , and WB = T2e µk β E ,
mB g = mA ge s ( C D E )
µ β +β +β
So
8 kg = mAe
( )
0.2 56 + 23 + 12 π
or mA = 2.28 kg
For mA impending down, all tension ratios are inverted, so
mA = ( 8 kg ) e
(
0.2 56 + 23 + 12 π ) = 28.1 kg
(b) Pulleys C and E locked, D free ⇒ T1 = T2 , other ratios as in (a)

mA impending , T1 = WAe µ s βC = T2
WB = T2e µs β E = WAe s ( C E )
µ β +β
and
So mB g = mA g e ( C E )
µ β +β
or 8 kg = mAe
( )
0.2 56 + 12 π
mA = 3.46 kg
mA impending , all tension ratios are inverted, so
mA = 8 kg e
( )
0.2 56 + 12 π
= 18.49 kg

PROBLEM 8.121
blocks as shown. Two of the pulleys are locked to prevent rotation, while
the third pulley is rotated slowly at a constant speed. Knowing that the
and µ k = 0.15, determine the largest mass mA which can be raised (a) if
pulley C is rotated, (b) if pulley E is rotated.
SOLUTION
0.075 m π
Note: θ = sin −1 = 30° = rad
0.15 m 6
5 2 1
So βC = π , βD = π , βE = π
6 3 2
(a) To raise maximum mA , with C rotating WA = T1e µ s βC . If D

and E are fixed, cable must slip there, so T2 = T1e µk β D
WB = T2e µk β E = T1e k ( D E )
µ β +β
and
= WAe− µ s βC e k ( D E )
µ β +β
(8 kg ) g = mA ge
( )e0.15( 23 + 12 )π
−0.2 56 π
mA = 7.79 kg
(b) With E rotating , T2 = WBe µs β E . With C and D fixed.
T2 = T1e µk β D = WAe k ( C D )
µ β +β
T1 = WAe µk βC and
WB = WAe k ( C D )e− µ s β E
µ β +β
so
(8 kg ) g = mA ge
( ) ( )
0.15 56 + 23 π −0.2 12 π
e
mA = 5.40 kg
PROBLEM 8.122
A recording tape passes over the 1-in.-radius drive drum B and under
the idler drum C. Knowing that the coefficients of friction between the
tape and the drums are µ s = 0.40 and µ k = 0.30 and that drum C is free
to rotate, determine the smallest allowable value of P if slipping of the
tape on drum B is not to occur.
SOLUTION
FBD drive drum:
ΣM B = 0: r (TA − T ) − M = 0
M 2.7 lb ⋅ in.
TA − T = = = 2.7 lb
r 1 in.
Impending slipping: TA = Te µ S β = Te0.4π
So ( )
T e0.4π − 1 = 2.7 lb
or T = 1.0742 lb
If C is free to rotate, P = T P = 1.074 lb

PROBLEM 8.123
Solve Problem 8.122 assuming that the idler drum C is frozen and cannot
rotate.
SOLUTION
FBD drive drum:
ΣM B = 0: r (TA − T ) − M = 0
M 2.7 lb ⋅ in.
TA − T = = = 2.7 lb
r 1 in.
Impending slipping: TA = Te µ s β = Te0.4π
So (e 0.4π
)
− 1 T = 2.7 lb
or T = 1.07416 lb
If C is fixed, the tape must slip
0.3 π2
So P = Te µk βC = 1.07416 lb e = 1.7208 lb
P = 1.721 lb
PROBLEM 8.124
For the band brake shown, the maximum allowed tension in either belt is
5.6 kN. Knowing that the coefficient of static friction between the belt
and the 160-mm-radius drum is 0.25, determine (a) the largest clockwise
moment M 0 that can be applied to the drum if slipping is not to occur,
(b) the corresponding force P exerted on end E of the lever.
SOLUTION
FBD pin B:
(a) By symmetry: T1 = T2
 2 
ΣFy = 0: B − 2  T =0 B= 2T1 =
 2 1 
or 2T2 (1)
 
For impending rotation :
T3 > T1 = T2 > T4 , so T3 = Tmax = 5.6 kN
Then T1 = T3e − µs β L = ( 5.6 kN ) e

(
−0.25 π4 + π6 )
or T1 = 4.03706 kN = T2
and T4 = T2e− µs β R = ( 4.03706 kN ) e

( )
−0.25 34π
or T4 = 2.23998 kN
ΣM F = 0: M 0 + r (T4 − T3 + T2 − T1 ) = 0
or M 0 = ( 0.16 m )( 5.6 kN − 2.23998 kN ) = 0.5376 kN ⋅ m
M 0 = 538 N ⋅ m
Lever:
(b) Using Equation (1)
B= 2T1 = 2 ( 4.03706 kN )
= 5.70927 kN
ΣM D = 0: ( 0.05 m )( 5.70927 kN ) − ( 0.25 m ) P = 0

P = 1.142 kN
PROBLEM 8.125
Solve Problem 8.124 assuming that a counterclockwise moment is
applied to the drum.
SOLUTION
FBD pin B:
(a) By symmetry: T1 = T2
 2 
ΣFy = 0: B − 2  T =0 B=
 2 1 
or 2T1 (1)
 
For impending rotation :
T4 > T2 = T1 > T3 , so T4 = Tmax = 5.6 kN
Then T2 = T4e− µs β R = ( 5.6 kN ) e

( )
−0.25 34π
or T2 = 3.10719 kN = T1
and T3 = T1e− µs β L = ( 3.10719 kN ) e

(
−0.25 π4 + π6 )
or T3 = 2.23999 kN
ΣM F = 0: M 0 + r (T2 − T1 + T3 − T4 ) = 0
M 0 = (160 mm )( 5.6 kN − 2.23999 kN ) = 537.6 N ⋅ m
M 0 = 538 N ⋅ m
FBD Lever: (b) Using Equation (1)
B= 2T1 = 2 ( 3.10719 kN )
B = 4.3942 kN
ΣM D = 0: ( 0.05 m )( 4.3942 kN ) − ( 0.25 m ) P = 0

P = 879 N
PROBLEM 8.126
The strap wrench shown is used to grip the pipe firmly without marring
the surface of the pipe. Knowing that the coefficient of static friction is
the same for all surfaces of contact, determine the smallest value of µ s
for which the wrench will be self-locking when a = 10 in., r = 1.5 in.,
and θ = 65o.
SOLUTION
For the wrench to be self-locking, friction must be sufficient to maintain equilibrium as P is increased from
zero to Pmax , as well as to prevent slipping of the belt on the pipe.
FBD wrench:
 10 in.   10 in. 
ΣM E = 0:  − 1.5 in.  F −  − 1.5 in.  T2 = 0
 sin 65°   tan65° 
T2
9.5338F = 3.1631 T2 or 3.01406 = (1)
F
ΣFx = 0: − T2 + N sin 65° + F cos 65° = 0
Impending slipping: N = F /µ s
 sin 65° 
So F + cos 65°  = T2
 µs 
0.90631 T2
or + 0.42262 = (2)
µs F
Solving Equations (1) and (2) yields µ s = 0.3497; must still check belt on pipe.
Small portion of belt at A:
ΣFt = 0: 2 F − T1 = 0
or T1 = 2F
T2
Belt impending slipping: ln = µs β
T1
1 T2 1 T
So µs = ln = ln 2
β T1 β 2F
180
Using Equation (1) µs = ln1.50703
295π
= 0.0797
∴ for self-locking, need µ s = 0.350

PROBLEM 8.127
Solve Problem 8.126 assuming that θ = 75o.
SOLUTION
For the wrench to be self-locking, friction must be sufficient to maintain equilibrium as P is increased from
zero to Pmax , as well as to prevent slipping of the belt on the pipe.
FBD wrench:
 10 in.   10 in. 
ΣM E = 0:  − 1.5 in.  F −  − 1.5 in.  T2 = 0
 sin 75°   tan 75° 
T2
or = 7.5056 (1)
F
ΣFx = 0: − T2 + N sin 75° + F cos 75° = 0
Impending slipping: N = F /µ s
 sin 75° 
So F + cos 75°  = T2
 µs 
T2 0.96593
or = + 0.25882 (2)
F µs
Solving Equations (1) and (2): µ s = 0.13329; must still check belt on pipe.
Small portion of belt at A:
ΣFt = 0: 2 F − T1 = 0
or T1 = 2F
T2
Impending belt slipping: ln = µs β
T1
1 T2 1 T
So µs = ln = ln 2
β T1 β 2F
180 7.5056
Using Equation (1): µs = ln
285π 2
= 0.2659
∴ for self-locking, µ s = 0.266

PROBLEM 8.128
Prove that Equatins (8.13) and (8.14) are valid for any shape of surface
provided that the coefficient of friction is the same at all points of
contact.
SOLUTION
∆θ
ΣFn = 0: ∆N − T + (T + ∆T )  sin =0
2
∆θ
or ∆N = ( 2T + ∆T ) sin
2
∆θ
ΣFt = 0: (T + ∆T ) − T  cos − ∆F = 0
2
∆θ
or ∆F = ∆T cos
2
Impending slipping: ∆F = µ s ∆N
∆θ ∆θ sin ∆θ
So ∆T cos = µ s 2T sin + µ s ∆T
2 2 2
dT
In limit as ∆θ → 0: dT = µ sTdθ , or = µ s dθ
T
dT β
∫T1 T = ∫0 µ s dθ ;
T2
So
T2
and ln = µs β
T1
or T2 = T1e µs β
Note: Nothing above depends on the shape of the surface, except it is

assumed smooth.
PROBLEM 8.129
Complete the derivation of Equation (8.15), which relates the tension
in both parts of a V belt.
SOLUTION
Small belt section:
∆N α ∆θ
ΣFy = 0: 2 sin − T + (T + ∆T )  sin =0
2 2 2
∆θ
ΣFx = 0: (T + ∆T ) − T  cos − ∆F = 0
2
∆θ 2T + ∆T ∆θ
Impending slipping: ∆F = µ s ∆N ⇒ ∆T cos = µs sin
2 α 2
sin
2
µ sTdθ dT µs
In limit as ∆θ → 0: dT = or = dθ
α T α
sin sin
2 2
dT µβ
∫T1 T = α ∫0 dθ
T2 s
So
sin
2
T2 µβ
or ln = s
T1 α
sin
2
µ s β /sin α2
or T2 = T1e
PROBLEM 8.130
Solve Problem 8.107 assuming that the flat belt and drums are
replaced by a V belt and V pulleys with α = 36o. (The angle α is as
shown in Figure 8.15a.)
SOLUTION
FBD motor + mount: ΣM D = 0: ( 0.24 m )W − ( 0.26 m ) T1 − ( 0.14 m ) T2 =0
µ S β /sin α2
Impending slipping: T2 = T1e
0.4π
T2 = T1e sin18° = 58.356T1
Thus ( 0.24 m )(833.85 N ) − 0.26 m + ( 0.14 m )( 58.356 ) T1 = 0

T1 = 23.740 N
T2 = 1385.369 N
FBD Drum:
ΣM B = 0: M B + ( 0.06 m )( 23.740 N − 1385.369 N ) = 0
M B = 81.7 N ⋅ m
(Compare to M B = 40.1 N ⋅ m using flat belt, Problem 8.107.)

PROBLEM 8.131
Solve Problem 8.109 assuming that the flat belt and drums are
replaced by a V belt and V pulleys with α = 36o. (The angle α is as
shown in Figure 8.15a.)
SOLUTION
FBD pulley A:
µ s β /sin α2
Impending slipping: T2 = T1e
T2 = T1e0.35π /sin18° = 35.1015T1
ΣFx = 0: T1 + T2 − 225 lb = 0
T1 (1 + 35.1015 ) = 225 lb
So T1 = 6.2324 lb
T2 = 218.768 lb = Tmax
ΣM A = 0: M + ( 3 in.)(T1 − T2 ) = 0
M = ( 3 in.)( 218.768 lb − 6.232 lb )
(a) M = 638 lb ⋅ in.

(Compare to 338 lb ⋅ in. with flat belt, Problem 8.109.)
(b) Tmax = 219 lb

PROBLEM 8.132
Considering only values of θ less than 90°, determine the smallest value
of θ required to start the block moving to the right when (a) W = 75 lb,
(b) W = 100 lb.
SOLUTION
FBD block: (motion impending)
φ s = tan −1 µ s = 14.036°
30 lb W
=
sinφs sin (θ − φs )
W sin14.036°
sin (θ − φs ) =
30 lb
W
or sin (θ − 14.036° ) =
123.695 lb
75 lb
(a) W = 75 lb: θ = 14.036° + sin −1
123.695 lb
θ = 51.4°
100 lb
(b) W = 100 lb: θ = 14.036° + sin −1
123.695 lb
θ = 68.0°
PROBLEM 8.133
The machine base shown has a mass of 75 kg and is fitted with skids at A
and B. The coefficient of static friction between the skids and the floor is
0.30. If a force P of magnitude 500 N is applied at corner C, determine
the range of values of θ for which the base will not move.
SOLUTION
FBD machine base (slip impending):
φ s = tan −1 µ s = tan −1 0.3 = 16.699°

W P
=
sin ( 90° − φs − θ ) sin φs
W sin16.699°
sin ( 90° − φ s − θ ) =
P
 735.75 lb 
90° − 16.699° − θ = sin −1  ( 0.28734 )
 500 lb 
θ = 73.301° − 25.013°
θ = 48.3°
FBD machine base (tip about B impending):
ΣM B = 0: ( 0.2 m )( 735.75 N ) + ( 0.5 m ) ( 500 N ) cosθ 

− ( 0.4 m ) ( 500 N ) sinθ  = 0
0.8 sin θ − cosθ = 0.5886

So, for equilibrium 48.3° ≤ θ ≤ 78.7°
PROBLEM 8.134
Knowing that a couple of magnitude 30 N ⋅ m is required to start the
vertical shaft rotating, determine the coefficient of static friction between
the annular surfaces of contact.
SOLUTION
For annular contact regions, use Equation 8.8 with impending slipping:
2 R3 − R13
M = µ s N 22
3 R2 − R12
So, 30 N ⋅ m =
2
µ s ( 4000 N )
( 0.06 m ) − ( 0.025 m )
3 3
3 ( 0.06 m )2 − ( 0.025 m )2
µ s = 0.1670
PROBLEM 8.135
The 20-lb block A and the 30-lb block B are supported by an incline
which is held in the position shown. Knowing that the coefficient of static
friction is 0.15 between the two blocks and zero between block B and the
incline, determine the value of θ for which motion is impending.
SOLUTION
FBD’s A: ΣFn = 0: N A − ( 20 lb ) cosθ = 0 or N A = ( 20 lb ) cosθ
ΣFn = 0: N B − N A − ( 30 lb ) cosθ = 0
Block A:
B:
or N B = N A + ( 30 lb ) cosθ = ( 50 lb ) cosθ
Impending motion at all surfaces:
FA = µ s N A
= 0.15 ( 20 lb ) cosθ
Block B: = ( 3 lb ) cosθ
A: ΣFt = 0: FA + ( 20 lb ) sin θ − T = 0
B: ΣFt = 0: − FA + ( 30 lb ) sin θ − T = 0
So (10 lb ) sin θ − 2 FA = 0
(10 lb ) sin θ = 2 ( 3 lb ) cosθ
6 lb
θ = tan −1 = 30.96°
10 lb
θ = 31.0°
PROBLEM 8.136
The 20-lb block A and the 30-lb block B are supported by an incline
which is held in the position shown. Knowing that the coefficient of static
friction is 0.15 between all surfaces of contact, determine the value of θ
for which motion is impending.
SOLUTION
FBD’s
Block A:
A: ΣFn = 0: N A − ( 20 lb ) cosθ = 0 or N A = ( 20 lb ) cosθ
B: ΣFn = 0: N B − N A − ( 30 lb ) cosθ = 0
or N B = N A + ( 30 lb ) cosθ = ( 50 lb ) cosθ
Impending motion at all surfaces; B impends :
FA = µ s N A = ( 0.15 )( 20 lb ) cosθ = ( 3 lb ) cosθ
FB = µ s N B = ( 0.15 )( 50 lb ) cosθ = ( 7.5 lb ) cosθ

Block B:
A: ΣFt = 0: ( 20 lb ) sin θ + FA − T = 0
B: ΣFt = 0: ( 30 lb ) sin θ − FA − FB − T = 0
So (10 lb ) sin θ − 2 FA − FB = 0
(10 lb ) sin θ = 2 ( 3 lb ) cosθ + ( 7.5 lb ) cosθ
13.5 lb
tan θ = = 1.35; θ = 53.5°
10 lb
PROBLEM 8.137
Two cylinders are connected by a rope that passes over two fixed rods as
shown. Knowing that the coefficient of static friction between the rope
and the rods is 0.40, determine the range of values of the mass m of
cylinder D for which equilibrium is maintained.
SOLUTION
For impending motion of A up: T = WAe µ s β B
WD = Te µs βC = WAe s ( B C )
µ β +β
and
or mD g = ( 50 kg ) ge
(
0.4 π2 + π2 )
mD = 175.7 kg
For impending motion of A down, the tension ratios are inverted, so
WA = WDe s ( C B )
µ β +β
( 50 kg ) g = mD ge
(
0.4 π2 + π2 )
mD = 14.23 kg
For equilibrium: 14.23 kg ≤ mD ≤ 175.7 kg

PROBLEM 8.138
Two cylinders are connected by a rope that passes over two fixed rods
as shown. Knowing that for cylinder D upward motion impends when
m = 20 kg, determine (a) the coefficient of static friction between the
rope and the rods, (b) the corresponding tension in portion BC of the
rope.
SOLUTION
(a) Motion of D impends upward, so
TBC = WDe µ s βC (1)
WA = TBC e µs β B = WDe s ( C B )
µ β +β
π π  W  50 kg 
So µs  +  = ln A = ln  
 2 2  WD  20 kg 
µ s = 0.29166
µ s = 0.292 W
(b) From Equation (1): ( )

TBC = ( 20 kg ) 9.81 m/s 2 e0.29166 π /2
TBC = 310 N W
PROBLEM 8.139
A 10° wedge is used to split a section of a log. The coefficient of
static friction between the wedge and the log is 0.35. Knowing that a
force P of magnitude 600 lb was required to insert the wedge,
determine the magnitude of the forces exerted on the wood by the
wedge after insertion.
SOLUTION
φ s = tan −1 µ s = tan −1 0.35 = 19.29°

FBD wedge (impending
motion ):
By symmetry: R1 = R2
ΣFy = 0: 2R1 sin ( 5° + φs ) − 600 lb = 0
300 lb
or R1 = R2 = = 729.30 lb
sin ( 5° + 19.29° )
When P is removed, the vertical components of R1 and R2 vanish, leaving

the horizontal components
R1x = R2 x = R1 cos ( 5° + φ s )
= ( 729.30 lb ) cos ( 5° + 19.29° )
R1x = R2 x = 665 lb W
(Note that φ s > 5°, so wedge is self-locking.)

PROBLEM 8.140
A flat belt is used to transmit a torque from drum B to drum A.
Knowing that the coefficient of static friction is 0.40 and that the
allowable belt tension is 450 N, determine the largest torque that can
be exerted on drum A.
SOLUTION
π 7π
FBD’s drums: β A = 180° + 30° = π + =
6 6
π 5π
β B = 180° − 30° = π − =
6 6
Since β B < β A , slipping will impend first on B (friction coefficients

being equal)
So T2 = Tmax = T1e µs β B
450 N = T1e( )
0.4 5π /6
or T1 = 157.914 N
ΣM A = 0: M A + ( 0.12 m )(T1 − T2 ) = 0
M A = ( 0.12 m )( 450 N − 157.914 N ) = 35.05 N ⋅ m
M A = 35.1 N ⋅ m W
PROBLEM 8.141
Two 10-lb blocks A and B are connected by a slender rod of negligible

weight. The coefficient of static friction is 0.30 between all surfaces
of contact, and the rod forms an angle θ = 30° with the vertical.
(a) Show that the system is in equilibrium when P = 0. (b) Determine
the largest value of P for which equilibrium is maintained.
SOLUTION
(b) For Pmax , motion impends at both surfaces

FBD block B:
B: ΣFy = 0: N B − 10 lb − FAB cos 30° = 0
3
N B = 10 lb + FAB (1)
2
Impending motion: FB = µ s N B = 0.3N B
ΣFx = 0: FB − FAB sin 30° = 0
FAB = 2 FB = 0.6 N B (2)
3
Solving (1) and (2) N B = 10 lb + ( 0.6 N B )
2
FBD block A:
= 20.8166 lb
Then FAB = 0.6 N B = 12.4900 lb
A: ΣFx = 0: FAB sin 30° − N A = 0
1 1
NA = FAB = (12.4900 lb ) = 6.2450 lb
2 2
Impending motion: FA = µ s N A = 0.3 ( 6.2450 lb ) = 1.8735 lb
ΣFy = 0: FA + FAB cos 30° − P − 10 lb = 0
3
P = FA + FAB − 10 lb
2
3
= 1.8735 lb + (12.4900 lb ) − 10 lb = 2.69 lb
2
P = 2.69 lb W
(a) Since P = 2.69 lb to initiate motion,
equilibrium exists with P = 0 W
PROBLEM 8.142
Determine the range of values of P for which equilibrium of the block
shown is maintained.
SOLUTION
FBD block (Impending motion down):
φ s = tan −1 µ s = tan −1 0.25
(
P = ( 500 lb ) tan 30° − tan −1 0.25 )
= 143.03 lb
(Impending motion up):
(
P = ( 500 lb ) tan 30° + tan −1 0.25 )
= 483.46 lb
Equilibrium for 143.0 lb ≤ P ≤ 483 lb W
PROBLEM 8.143
Two identical uniform boards, each of weight 40 lb, are temporarily
leaned against each other as shown. Knowing that the coefficient of static
friction between all surfaces is 0.40, determine (a) the largest magnitude
of the force P for which equilibrium will be maintained, (b) the surface at
which motion will impend.
SOLUTION
Board FBDs:
Assume impending motion at C, so FC = µ s NC
= 0.4 NC
FBD II: ΣM B = 0: ( 6 ft ) NC − (8 ft ) FC − ( 3 ft )( 40 lb ) = 0
6 ft − 0.4 ( 8 ft )  NC = ( 3 ft )( 40 lb )
or NC = 42.857 lb
and FC = 0.4 NC = 17.143 lb
ΣFx = 0: N B − FC = 0
N B = FC = 17.143 lb
ΣFy = 0: − FB − 40 lb + NC = 0
FB = NC − 40 lb = 2.857 lb
FB 2.857 lb
Check for motion at B: = = 0.167 < µ s , OK, no motion.
N B 17.143 lb
FBD I: ΣM A = 0: (8 ft ) N B + ( 6 ft ) FB − ( 3 ft )( P + 40 lb ) = 0
P=
(8 ft )(17.143 lb ) + ( 6 ft )( 2.857 lb ) − 40 lb = 11.429 lb
3 ft
Check for slip at A (unlikely because of P)
ΣFx = 0: FA − N B = 0 or FA = N B = 17.143 lb
ΣFy = 0: N A − P − 40 lb + FB = 0 or N A = 11.429 lb + 40 lb − 2.857 lb
= 48.572 lb
FA 17.143 lb
Then = = 0.353 < µ s , OK, no slip ⇒ assumption is correct
NA 48.572 lb
Therefore, (a) Pmax = 11.43 lb W

(b) Motion impends at C W

Resolução Do Capítulo 8 - Atrito

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PROBLEM 8.

ΣFn = 0: N − (1000 N ) cos 30° − ( 200 N ) sin 30° = 0

ΣFt = 0: F + ( 200 N ) cos 30° − (1000 N ) sin 30° = 0

But Fmax = µ s N = ( 0.3) 966 N = 290 N

Feq. > Fmax impossible ⇒ Block moves

Block slides down F = 193.2 N

ΣFn = 0: N − (1000 N ) cos35° − ( 400 N ) sin 35° = 0

ΣFt = 0: F − (1000 N ) sin 35° + ( 400 N ) cos 35° = 0

Fmax = µ s N = ( 0.3)(1048.6 N ) = 314 N

Feq. < Fmax OK equilibrium

ΣFn = 0: N − ( 20 lb ) cos 20° + ( 8 lb ) sin 20° = 0

Fmax = µ s N = ( 0.3)(16.0577 lb ) = 4.817 lb

ΣFt = 0: (8 lb ) cos 20° − ( 20 lb ) sin 20° − F =0

Feq. < Fmax OK equilibrium

ΣFn = 0: N − ( 20 lb ) cos 20° + (12.5 lb ) sin15° = 0

Fmax = µ s N = ( 0.3)(15.559 lb ) = 4.668 lb

ΣFt = 0: (12.5 lb ) cos15° − ( 20 lb ) sin 20° − F =0

but Feq. > Fmax impossible, so block slides up

and F = µk N = ( 0.25 )(15.559 lb )

ΣFn = 0: N − ( 20 lb ) cos 20° + P sin 25° = 0

N = 18.794 lb − P sin 25°

ΣFt = 0: F − ( 20 lb ) sin 20° + P cos 25° = 0

or F = 6.840 lb − P cos 25°

Impending motion up: F = µs N ; Impending motion down: F = − µ s N

Therefore, 6.840 lb − P cos 25° = ± ( 0.3)(18.794 lb − P sin 25° )

Pup = 12.08 lb Pdown = 1.542 lb

1.542 lb ≤ Peq. ≤ 12.08 lb

FBD block (impending motion up)

φ s = tan −1 µ s = tan −1 ( 0.25 ) = 14.04°

(a) Note: For minimum P, P ⊥ R so β = φ s

Then P = W sin ( 30° + φ s )

= ( 60 lb ) sin 44.04° = 41.71 lb

(b) Have β = φ s β = 14.04°

FBD block (impending motion to

φ s = tan −1 µ s = tan −1 ( 0.25 ) = 14.036°

(a) m = 30 kg: θ − φ s = sin −1  (

∴ θ = 36.499° + 14.036° or θ = 50.5°

(b) m = 40 kg: θ − φs = sin −1 

∴ θ = 52.474° + 14.036° or θ = 66.5°

FBD block (impending motion

φ s = tan −1 µ s = tan −1 ( 0.25 ) = 14.036°

(a) Note: For minimum P, P⊥R

So β = α = 90° − ( 30° + 14.036° ) = 45.964°

and P = ( 30 lb ) sin α = ( 30 lb ) sin ( 45.964° ) = 21.567 lb

FBD block (impending motion)

φ s = tan −1 µ s = tan −1 ( 0.4 ) = 21.801°

(a) 0° ≤ θ ≤ 90° : 58.86 N

θ = 54.9° and θ = 168.674°

∴ (a) Equilibrium for 0 ≤ θ ≤ 54.9°

(b) 90° ≤ θ ≤ 180° : (b) and for 168.7° ≤ θ ≤ 180.0°

FBD block (impending motion

φ s = tan −1 µ s = tan −1 ( 0.45 ) = 24.228°

Impending motion up:

Equilibrium for 16.81° ≤ θ ≤ 65.3°

ΣFn = 0: N − (1000 N ) cos 30° − ( 200 N ) sin 30° = 0

ΣFt = 0: F + ( 200 N ) cos 30° − (1000 N ) sin 30° = 0

But Fmax = µ s N = ( 0.3) 966 N = 290 N

Feq. > Fmax impossible ⇒ Block moves

Block slides down F = 193.2 N

ΣFn = 0: N − (1000 N ) cos35° − ( 400 N ) sin 35° = 0

ΣFt = 0: F − (1000 N ) sin 35° + ( 400 N ) cos 35° = 0

Fmax = µ s N = ( 0.3)(1048.6 N ) = 314 N

Feq. < Fmax OK equilibrium

ΣFn = 0: N − ( 20 lb ) cos 20° + ( 8 lb ) sin 20° = 0