CESTAT30 STATICS OF RIGID BODIES

COURSE MATERIAL NUMBER 3

ENGR. DENNIS C. LOPEZ
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Table of Contents

NATIONAL UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

Prepared by ENGR. DENNIS C. LOPEZ

2
Table of Contents

GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS
• In preparation for the topic
proper, please answer the
PRETEST in your notebook.
• Review the
concept/knowledge from

PREP
previous learnings to fulfill
the requirements in this pre-
entry assessment.

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recording,by
or ENGR. DENNIS C.
other electronic or LOPEZ
mechanical
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 PRETEST
Compute the resultant of the
concurrent force system shown
in Figure A. Determine the
resultant’s magnitude, direction
and angle of inclination. Use the
same process of component
method of resultant for two
Prepared by ENGR. DENNIS C. LOPEZ

forces.

Figure A: Concurrent Force System

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Table of Contents

COMPONENT METHOD
LEARNING OUTCOMES
This topic concentrates on
component method of resultant
and how it can be applied to force
system with more than 2 forces.
At the end of this module, students
should be able to:
• Compute resultant’s magnitude,
angle inclination and direction of
concurrent and nonconcurrent
force systems with more than two
forces using component method.
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methods, without the prior written permission of the owner, except for personal academic use and certain by ENGR.
other DENNIS C. uses
noncommercial LOPEZpermitted by copyright law. 5
COMPONENT METHOD
TABLE OF CONTENTS
• Title Page … Page 1
• Pretest … Page 3
• Learning Outcomes … Page 5
• Table of Contents … Page 6
• Definition of Terms … Page 7
• Component Method Process … Page 8
• Concurrent Force System
Illustrative Problems … Page 12
• Nonconcurrent Force System
Illustrative Problems … Page 29
• Brain Exercise Problem 1… Page 50
• Brain Exercise Problem 2… Page 55
• Brain Exercise Problem 3… Page 61
• Brain Exercise Problem 4… Page 62
• Online Resources … Page 63
• References … Page 64
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methods, without the prior written permission of thebyowner,
ENGR.except
DENNIS C. LOPEZacademic use and certain other noncommercial uses permitted by copyright law.
for personal
Table of Contents

COMPONENT METHOD FOR

SYSTEMS OF FORCES
DEFINITION OF TERMS
• Concurrent force system – All forces have a common
point of intersection.
• Nonconcurrent force system – Not all forces intersect at
only one point.
Prepared by ENGR. DENNIS C. LOPEZ

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Table of Contents

PROCESS
COMPONENT METHOD FOR MORE THAN TWO
FORCES.
• Solve the x and y components of the forces.
• FY = Fsinθ and FX = Fcosθ.
• The y-component of the resultant is summation of
Prepared by ENGR. DENNIS C. LOPEZ

all vertical forces, RY = ΣFV.

• The x-component of the resultant is summation of
all horizontal forces, RX = ΣFH.
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 PROCESS
COMPONENT METHOD FOR
MORE THAN TWO FORCES.
• Apply the sign convention for
vertical and horizontal
forces. Upward is positive,
downward is negative,
sideward to the right is
positive and sideward to the
Prepared by ENGR. DENNIS C. LOPEZ

left is negative.
• For diagonal forces, refer to
Figure 2 for the sign of x and
components. Figure 1: Signs of x and y Components
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 PROCESS
COMPONENT METHOD
FOR MORE THAN TWO NO FORCE THETA Fy U/D Fx R/L
FORCES. 1

• Tabulate the x and y 2

3
components to organize 4
the solution. 0.00 0.00
Prepared by ENGR. DENNIS C. LOPEZ

• Table 1 shows a Table 1: x and y Components of Forces

suggested table for our

solution.
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 PROCESS
COMPONENT METHOD
• The resultant (R) is the square root of the summation of
the squares of RY and RX,
𝑅= 𝑅𝑌 2 + 𝑅𝑋 2
• The angle of inclination (θ) of R is the arctangent of the
Prepared by ENGR. DENNIS C. LOPEZ

ratio of RY and RX,

𝑅𝑌
𝜃 = 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛
𝑅𝑋

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Table of Contents

COMPONENT METHOD FOR

SYSTEMS OF FORCES
CONCURRENT FORCE SYSTEM
PROBLEM 1
In Figure 2, five forces have a
common point of intersection at the
origin of the Cartesian Plane.
Determine the following:
A. Magnitude of the resultant of
Prepared by ENGR. DENNIS C. LOPEZ

the forces.
B. Angle of inclination of the
resultant.
Figure 2: Concurrent Force System
C. Direction of the resultant.
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methods, without the prior written permission of the owner, except for personal academic use and certain other noncommercial uses permitted by copyright law. 12
 COMPONENT METHOD FOR
SYSTEMS OF FORCES
CONCURRENT FORCE SYSTEM
SOLUTION
• Determine the angles of inclination of
the forces.
• Figure 2a shows the computations of
the angles of inclination of the forces.
𝜃1 = 90° − 45° = 45°
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𝜃2 = 20° + 50° = 70°

𝜃3 = 90° − 20° − 50° = 20°
𝜃4 = 0° (𝐹4 𝑖𝑠 ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑧𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑙)
𝜃5 = 180° − 95° = 85°
Figure 2a: Concurrent Force System

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 COMPONENT METHOD FOR
SYSTEMS OF FORCES
CONCURRENT FORCE SYSTEM
SOLUTION
• Angles of inclination:
𝜃1 = 45°, 𝜃2 = 70°, 𝜃3 = 20°,
𝜃4 = 0°, 𝜃5 = 85°
• Solve the components of the forces:
FY = Fsinθ and FX = Fcosθ
Prepared by ENGR. DENNIS C. LOPEZ

• Components of F1:
F1Y = F1sinθ1 and F1X = F1cosθ1
F1Y = 150sin(45°) and F1X = 150cos(45°) Figure 2: Concurrent Force System
F1Y = +106.07 𝐾𝑁 and F1X = +106.07 𝐾𝑁
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methods, without the prior written permission of the owner, except for personal academic use and certain other noncommercial uses permitted by copyright law. 14
 COMPONENT METHOD FOR
SYSTEMS OF FORCES
CONCURRENT FORCE SYSTEM
SOLUTION
• Angles of inclination:
𝜃1 = 45°, 𝜃2 = 70°, 𝜃3 = 20°,
𝜃4 = 0°, 𝜃5 = 85°
• Solve the components of the forces:
FY = Fsinθ and FX = Fcosθ
Prepared by ENGR. DENNIS C. LOPEZ

• Components of F2:
F2Y = F2sinθ2 and F2X = F2cosθ2
F2Y = 220sin(70°) and F2X = 220cos(70°) Figure 2: Concurrent Force System
F2Y = +206.73 𝐾𝑁 and F2X = − 75.24 𝐾𝑁
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methods, without the prior written permission of the owner, except for personal academic use and certain other noncommercial uses permitted by copyright law. 15
 COMPONENT METHOD FOR
SYSTEMS OF FORCES
CONCURRENT FORCE SYSTEM
SOLUTION
• Angles of inclination:
𝜃1 = 45°, 𝜃2 = 70°, 𝜃3 = 20°,
𝜃4 = 0°, 𝜃5 = 85°
• Solve the components of the forces:
FY = Fsinθ and FX = Fcosθ
Prepared by ENGR. DENNIS C. LOPEZ

• Components of F3:
F3Y = F3sinθ3 and F3X = F3cosθ3
F3Y = 80sin(20°) and F3X = 80cos(20°) Figure 2: Concurrent Force System
F3Y = +27.36 𝐾𝑁 and F3X = − 75.18 𝐾𝑁
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methods, without the prior written permission of the owner, except for personal academic use and certain other noncommercial uses permitted by copyright law. 16
 COMPONENT METHOD FOR
SYSTEMS OF FORCES
CONCURRENT FORCE SYSTEM
SOLUTION
• Angles of inclination:
𝜃1 = 45°, 𝜃2 = 70°, 𝜃3 = 20°,
𝜃4 = 0°, 𝜃5 = 85°
• Solve the components of the forces:
FY = Fsinθ and FX = Fcosθ
Prepared by ENGR. DENNIS C. LOPEZ

• Components of F4:
F4Y = F4sinθ4 and F4X = F4cosθ4
F4Y = 25sin(0°) and F4X = 25cos(0°) Figure 2: Concurrent Force System
F4Y = 0 and F4X = − 25 𝐾𝑁
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methods, without the prior written permission of the owner, except for personal academic use and certain other noncommercial uses permitted by copyright law. 17
 COMPONENT METHOD FOR
SYSTEMS OF FORCES
CONCURRENT FORCE SYSTEM
SOLUTION
• Angles of inclination:
𝜃1 = 45°, 𝜃2 = 70°, 𝜃3 = 20°,
𝜃4 = 0°, 𝜃5 = 85°
• Solve the components of the forces:
FY = Fsinθ and FX = Fcosθ
Prepared by ENGR. DENNIS C. LOPEZ

• Components of F5:
F5Y = F5sinθ5 and F5X = F5cosθ5
F5Y = 520sin(85°) and F5X = 520cos(85°)
F5Y = − 518.02 𝐾𝑁 and F5X = + 45.32 𝐾𝑁 Figure 2: Concurrent Force System

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 COMPONENT METHOD FOR
SYSTEMS OF FORCES
CONCURRENT FORCE SYSTEM
SOLUTION
NO FORCE THETA Fy U/D Fx R/L
• Tabulate the values as shown in Table
2. 1 150 45 106.07 U 106.07 R
• Ry = ΣFV and Rx = ΣFH 2 220 70 206.73 U -75.24 L
𝑅𝑦 = − 177.86 𝐾𝑁 𝑑𝑜𝑤𝑛𝑤𝑎𝑟𝑑 3 80 20 27.36 U -75.18 L
𝑅𝑋 = − 24.03 𝐾𝑁 (𝑡𝑜 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑙𝑒𝑓𝑡) 4 25 0 0.00 U -25.00 L
• Compute the magnitude of the 5 520 85 -518.02 D 45.32 R
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resultant, Ry = -177.86 Rx = -24.03

𝑅= 𝑅𝑌 2 + 𝑅𝑋 2 Table 2: x and y Components of Forces
𝑅= (−177.86)2 +(−24.03)2
𝑅 = 179.48 𝐾𝑁

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methods, without the prior written permission of the owner, except for personal academic use and certain other noncommercial uses permitted by copyright law. 19
 COMPONENT METHOD FOR
SYSTEMS OF FORCES
CONCURRENT FORCE SYSTEM
SOLUTION
NO FORCE THETA Fy U/D Fx R/L
• Tabulate the values as shown in Table
2. 1 150 45 106.07 U 106.07 R
• Ry = ΣFV and Rx = ΣFH 2 220 70 206.73 U -75.24 L
𝑅𝑦 = − 177.86 𝐾𝑁 𝑑𝑜𝑤𝑛𝑤𝑎𝑟𝑑 3 80 20 27.36 U -75.18 L
𝑅𝑋 = − 24.03 𝐾𝑁 (𝑡𝑜 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑙𝑒𝑓𝑡) 4 25 0 0.00 U -25.00 L
• Compute the angle of inclination of 5 520 85 -518.02 D 45.32 R
Prepared by ENGR. DENNIS C. LOPEZ

the resultant, Ry = -177.86 Rx = -24.03

𝑅𝑌 −177.86
𝜃 = 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛
𝑅𝑋 −24.03 Table 2: x and y Components of Forces
𝜃 = 82.31°

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 COMPONENT METHOD FOR
SYSTEMS OF FORCES
CONCURRENT FORCE SYSTEM
SUMMARY
• Direction of the resultant,
𝑅𝑦 = − 177.86 𝐾𝑁 𝑑𝑜𝑤𝑛𝑤𝑎𝑟𝑑
𝑅𝑋 = − 24.03 𝐾𝑁 (𝑡𝑜 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑙𝑒𝑓𝑡)
• Magnitude of the resultant,
𝑅 = 179.48 𝐾𝑁
Prepared by ENGR. DENNIS C. LOPEZ

• Angle of inclination of the

resultant,
𝜃 = 82.31°
Figure 2: Concurrent Force System

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Table of Contents

COMPONENT METHOD FOR

SYSTEMS OF FORCES
CONCURRENT FORCE SYSTEM
PROBLEM 2
Eight forces applied at Point O of
the body is shown in Figure 3.
Determine the following:
A. Magnitude of the resultant of
the forces.
Prepared by ENGR. DENNIS C. LOPEZ

B. Angle of inclination of the

resultant.
C. Direction of the resultant.
Figure 3: Concurrent Force System

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 COMPONENT METHOD FOR
SYSTEMS OF FORCES
CONCURRENT FORCE SYSTEM
SOLUTION
• Determine the angles of
inclination of the forces.
• Figure 3a shows the
Prepared by ENGR. DENNIS C. LOPEZ

computed missing angles.

Figure 3a: Concurrent Force System

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 COMPONENT METHOD FOR
SYSTEMS OF FORCES
CONCURRENT FORCE SYSTEM
SOLUTION
• Solve the x and y
components of the forces
using the formulas:
Prepared by ENGR. DENNIS C. LOPEZ

FY = Fsinθ and FX = Fcosθ.

Figure 3a: Concurrent Force System

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 COMPONENT METHOD FOR
SYSTEMS OF FORCES
CONCURRENT FORCE SYSTEM
SOLUTION
• The data are tabulated as shown in Table 3.
NO FORCE THETA Fy U/D Fx R/L
1 80 0 0.00 80.00 R
2 50 25 21.13 U 45.32 R
3 60 55 49.15 U 34.41 R
4 10 35 5.74 U -8.19 L
5 70 30 -35.00 D -60.62 L
Prepared by ENGR. DENNIS C. LOPEZ

6 20 64 -17.98 D -8.77 L
7 30 90 -30.00 D 0.00
8 40 45 -28.28 D 28.28 R
Ry = -35.24 Rx = 110.43

Table 3: x and y Components of Forces

Figure 3a: Concurrent Force System
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 COMPONENT METHOD FOR
SYSTEMS OF FORCES
CONCURRENT FORCE SYSTEM NO FORCE THETA Fy U/D Fx R/L
SOLUTION 1 80 0 0.00 80.00 R
• Ry = ΣFV and Rx = ΣFH 2 50 25 21.13 U 45.32 R
𝑅𝑦 = − 35.24 𝐾𝑁 𝑑𝑜𝑤𝑛𝑤𝑎𝑟𝑑 3 60 55 49.15 U 34.41 R
4 10 35 5.74 U -8.19 L
𝑅𝑋 = + 110.43 𝐾𝑁 (𝑡𝑜 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑟𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡)
5 70 30 -35.00 D -60.62 L
• Compute the magnitude of the 6 20 64 -17.98 D -8.77 L
resultant,
7 30 90 -30.00 D 0.00
Prepared by ENGR. DENNIS C. LOPEZ

𝑅= 𝑅𝑌 2 + 𝑅𝑋 2 8 40 45 -28.28 D 28.28 R
Ry = -35.24 Rx = 110.43
𝑅= (−35.24)2 +(110.43)2
𝑅 = 115.92 𝐾𝑁 Table 3: x and y Components of Forces

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 COMPONENT METHOD FOR
SYSTEMS OF FORCES
CONCURRENT FORCE SYSTEM
SOLUTION NO FORCE THETA Fy U/D Fx R/L
• Ry = ΣFV and Rx = ΣFH 1 80 0 0.00 80.00 R
𝑅𝑦 = − 35.24 𝐾𝑁 𝑑𝑜𝑤𝑛𝑤𝑎𝑟𝑑 2 50 25 21.13 U 45.32 R
𝑅𝑋 = + 110.43 𝐾𝑁 (𝑡𝑜 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑟𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡) 3 60 55 49.15 U 34.41 R
• Compute the angle of inclination of 4 10 35 5.74 U -8.19 L
the resultant, 5 70 30 -35.00 D -60.62 L
𝑅𝑌 6 20 64 -17.98 D -8.77 L
𝜃 = 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛
Prepared by ENGR. DENNIS C. LOPEZ

𝑅𝑋 7 30 90 -30.00 D 0.00
−35.24 8 40 45 -28.28 D 28.28 R
𝜃 = 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛
110.43 Ry = -35.24 Rx = 110.43
𝜃 = 17.70°
Table 3: x and y Components of Forces

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 COMPONENT METHOD FOR
SYSTEMS OF FORCES
CONCURRENT FORCE SYSTEM
SUMMARY
• Direction of resultant,
𝑅𝑦 = − 35.24 𝐾𝑁 𝑑𝑜𝑤𝑛𝑤𝑎𝑟𝑑
𝑅𝑋 = + 110.43 𝐾𝑁 (𝑡𝑜 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑟𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡)
• Magnitude of the resultant,
𝑅 = 115.92 𝐾𝑁
Prepared by ENGR. DENNIS C. LOPEZ

• Angle of inclination of the

resultant,
𝜃 = 17.70°
Figure 3: Concurrent Force System

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Table of Contents

COMPONENT METHOD FOR

SYSTEMS OF FORCES
NONCONCURRENT FORCE SYSTEM
PROBLEM 1
Five forces are on a graph as shown
in Figure 4. Each space in the graph
has a measure of 1 meter.
Determine the following:
A. Magnitude of the resultant of
Prepared by ENGR. DENNIS C. LOPEZ

the forces.
B. Angle of inclination of the
resultant.
C. Direction of the resultant. Figure 4: Nonconcurrent Force System

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 COMPONENT METHOD FOR
SYSTEMS OF FORCES
NONCONCURRENT FORCE
SYSTEM
SOLUTION
• Isolate each force and
determine its angle of
Prepared by ENGR. DENNIS C. LOPEZ

inclination.
• Solve also its x and y
components. Figure 4: Nonconcurrent Force System

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 COMPONENT METHOD FOR
SYSTEMS OF FORCES
NONCONCURRENT FORCE SYSTEM
SOLUTION
Force F1
• The vertical and horizontal distances of F1 are shown
in Figure 4a.
• Solve the angle of inclination,
𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒
𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 = ൗ𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡
𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒
𝜃 = 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛 ൗ𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡
Prepared by ENGR. DENNIS C. LOPEZ

𝜃1 = 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛 6ൗ1 = 80.54°

• Solve the x and y components,
F1Y = F1sinθ1 and F1X = F1cosθ1
F1Y = 170sin(80.54°) and F1X = 170cos(80.54°)
F1Y = + 167.69 𝐾𝑁 and F1X = − 27.94 𝐾𝑁 Figure 4a: Force F1

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 COMPONENT METHOD FOR
SYSTEMS OF FORCES
NONCONCURRENT FORCE SYSTEM
SOLUTION
Force F1
• An alternative solution is to use the hypotenuse of the
triangle.
𝐿𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝐹1 = 62 + 12 = 37
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 = 𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒/ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃1 = 6/ 37
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 = 𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡/ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒
Prepared by ENGR. DENNIS C. LOPEZ

𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃1 = 1/ 37
• Solve the x and y components,
F1Y = F1sinθ1 and F1X = F1cosθ1
F1Y = 170(6/ 37) and F1X = 170(1/ 37)
F1Y = + 167.69 𝐾𝑁 and F1X = − 27.95 𝐾𝑁
(𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑒) Figure 4a: Force F1

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methods, without the prior written permission of the owner, except for personal academic use and certain other noncommercial uses permitted by copyright law. 32
 COMPONENT METHOD FOR
SYSTEMS OF FORCES
NONCONCURRENT FORCE SYSTEM
SOLUTION
Force F2
• The vertical and horizontal distances of F2 are
shown in Figure 4b.
• Solve the angle of inclination,
𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒
𝜃 = 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛 ൗ𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡
𝜃2 = 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛 2ൗ4 = 26.57°
Prepared by ENGR. DENNIS C. LOPEZ

• Solve the x and y components,

F2Y = F2sinθ2 and F2X = F2cosθ2
F2Y = 150sin(26.57°) and F2X = 150cos(26.57°) Figure 4b: Force F2
F2Y = − 67.09 𝐾𝑁 and F2X = − 134.16 𝐾𝑁

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methods, without the prior written permission of the owner, except for personal academic use and certain other noncommercial uses permitted by copyright law. 33
 COMPONENT METHOD FOR
SYSTEMS OF FORCES
NONCONCURRENT FORCE SYSTEM
SOLUTION
Force F2
• Alternative solution,
𝐿𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝐹2 = 22 + 42 = 2 5
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃2 = 2/(2 5)
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃2 = 4/(2 5)
• Solve the x and y components,
Prepared by ENGR. DENNIS C. LOPEZ

F2Y = F2sinθ2 and F2X = F2cosθ2

F2Y = 150 2/(2 5) and F2X =150 4/(2 5)
F2Y = − 67.08 𝐾𝑁 and F2X = − 134.16 𝐾𝑁 Figure 4b: Force F2
(𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑒)

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methods, without the prior written permission of the owner, except for personal academic use and certain other noncommercial uses permitted by copyright law. 34
 COMPONENT METHOD FOR
SYSTEMS OF FORCES
NONCONCURRENT FORCE SYSTEM
SOLUTION
Force F3
• As shown in Figure 4, F3 is a vertical
force directed upward
𝜃3 = 90°
• Solve the x and y components,
Prepared by ENGR. DENNIS C. LOPEZ

F3Y = F3sinθ3 and F3X = F3cosθ3

F3Y = 100sin(90°) and F3X = 100cos(90°)
F3Y = + 100 𝐾𝑁 and F3X = 0
Figure 4: Nonconcurrent Force System

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methods, without the prior written permission of the owner, except for personal academic use and certain other noncommercial uses permitted by copyright law. 35
 COMPONENT METHOD FOR
SYSTEMS OF FORCES
NONCONCURRENT FORCE SYSTEM
SOLUTION
Force F4
• The vertical and horizontal distances of F4 are
shown in Figure 4c.
• Solve the angle of inclination,
𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒
𝜃 = 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛 ൗ𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡
𝜃4 = 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛 3ൗ3 = 45°
Prepared by ENGR. DENNIS C. LOPEZ

• Solve the x and y components,

F4Y = F4sinθ4 and F4X = F4cosθ4
F4Y = 120sin(45°) and F4X = 120cos(45°) Figure 4c: Force F4
F4Y = − 84.85 𝐾𝑁 and F4X = − 84.85 𝐾𝑁

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methods, without the prior written permission of the owner, except for personal academic use and certain other noncommercial uses permitted by copyright law. 36
 COMPONENT METHOD FOR
SYSTEMS OF FORCES
NONCONCURRENT FORCE SYSTEM
SOLUTION
Force F4
• Alternative solution,
𝐿𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝐹4 = 32 + 32 = 3 2
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃4 = 3/(3 2)
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃4 = 3/(3 2)
• Solve the x and y components,
Prepared by ENGR. DENNIS C. LOPEZ

F4Y = F4sinθ4 and F4X = F4cosθ4

F4Y = 120 3/(3 2) and F4X =120 3/(3 2)
F4Y = − 84.85 𝐾𝑁 and F4X = − 84.85 𝐾𝑁 Figure 4c: Force F4
(𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑒)

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methods, without the prior written permission of the owner, except for personal academic use and certain other noncommercial uses permitted by copyright law. 37
 COMPONENT METHOD FOR
SYSTEMS OF FORCES
NONCONCURRENT FORCE SYSTEM
SOLUTION
Force F5
• The vertical and horizontal distances of F5 are
shown in Figure 4d.
• Solve the angle of inclination,
𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒
𝜃 = 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛 ൗ𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡
𝜃5 = 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛 4ൗ3 = 53.13°
Prepared by ENGR. DENNIS C. LOPEZ

• Solve the x and y components,

F5Y = F5sinθ5 and F5X = F5cosθ5
F5Y = 140sin(53.13°) and F5X = 140cos(53.13°) Figure 4d: Force F5
F5Y = − 112 𝐾𝑁 and F5X = + 84 𝐾𝑁

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methods, without the prior written permission of the owner, except for personal academic use and certain other noncommercial uses permitted by copyright law. 38
 COMPONENT METHOD FOR
SYSTEMS OF FORCES
NONCONCURRENT FORCE SYSTEM
SOLUTION
Force F5
• Alternative solution,
𝐿𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝐹5 = 42 + 32 = 5
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃5 = 4/5
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃5 = 3/5
• Solve the x and y components,
Prepared by ENGR. DENNIS C. LOPEZ

F5Y = F5sinθ5 and F5X = F5cosθ5

F5Y = 140 4Τ5 and F5X =140 3Τ5
F5Y = − 112 𝐾𝑁 and F5X = + 84 𝐾𝑁
(𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑒) Figure 4d: Force F5

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methods, without the prior written permission of the owner, except for personal academic use and certain other noncommercial uses permitted by copyright law. 39
 COMPONENT METHOD FOR
SYSTEMS OF FORCES
NONCONCURRENT FORCE SYSTEM
SOLUTION
NO FORCE THETA Fy U/D Fx R/L
• Tabulate the values as shown in Table
4. 1 170 80.54 167.69 U -27.94 L
• Ry = ΣFV and Rx = ΣFH 2 150 26.57 -67.09 D -134.16 L
𝑅𝑦 = + 3.75 𝐾𝑁 𝑢𝑝𝑤𝑎𝑟𝑑 3 100 90 100.00 U 0.00
𝑅𝑋 = − 162.95 𝐾𝑁 (𝑡𝑜 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑙𝑒𝑓𝑡) 4 120 45 -84.85 D -84.85 L
• Compute the magnitude of the 5 140 53.13 -112.00 D 84.00 R
Prepared by ENGR. DENNIS C. LOPEZ

resultant, Ry = 3.75 Rx = -162.95

𝑅= 𝑅𝑌 2 + 𝑅𝑋 2 Table 4: x and y Components of Forces
𝑅= (3.75)2 +(−162.95)2
𝑅 = 162.99 𝐾𝑁

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methods, without the prior written permission of the owner, except for personal academic use and certain other noncommercial uses permitted by copyright law. 40
 COMPONENT METHOD FOR
SYSTEMS OF FORCES
NONCONCURRENT FORCE SYSTEM
SOLUTION
NO FORCE THETA Fy U/D Fx R/L
• Tabulate the values as shown in Table
4. 1 170 80.54 167.69 U -27.94 L
• Ry = ΣFV and Rx = ΣFH 2 150 26.57 -67.09 D -134.16 L
𝑅𝑦 = + 3.75 𝐾𝑁 𝑢𝑝𝑤𝑎𝑟𝑑 3 100 90 100.00 U 0.00
𝑅𝑋 = − 162.95 𝐾𝑁 (𝑡𝑜 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑙𝑒𝑓𝑡) 4 120 45 -84.85 D -84.85 L
• Compute the angle of inclination of 5 140 53.13 -112.00 D 84.00 R
Prepared by ENGR. DENNIS C. LOPEZ

the resultant, Ry = 3.75 Rx = -162.95

𝑅𝑌 3.75
𝜃 = 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛
𝑅𝑋 −162.95 Table 4: x and y Components of Forces
𝜃 = 1.32°

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methods, without the prior written permission of the owner, except for personal academic use and certain other noncommercial uses permitted by copyright law. 41
 COMPONENT METHOD FOR
SYSTEMS OF FORCES
NONCONCURRENT FORCE SYSTEM
SUMMARY
• Direction of the resultant,
𝑅𝑦 = + 3.75 𝐾𝑁 𝑢𝑝𝑤𝑎𝑟𝑑
𝑅𝑋 = − 162.95 𝐾𝑁 (𝑡𝑜 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑙𝑒𝑓𝑡)
• Magnitude of the resultant,
𝑅 = 162.99 𝐾𝑁
Prepared by ENGR. DENNIS C. LOPEZ

• Angle of inclination of the

resultant,
𝜃 = 1.32°
Figure 4: Nonconcurrent Force System

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methods, without the prior written permission of the owner, except for personal academic use and certain other noncommercial uses permitted by copyright law. 42
Table of Contents

COMPONENT METHOD FOR

SYSTEMS OF FORCES
NONCONCURRENT FORCE SYSTEM
PROBLEM 2
Four forces are applied to a body as
shown in Figure 5. Determine the
following:
A. Magnitude of the resultant of
the forces.
Prepared by ENGR. DENNIS C. LOPEZ

B. Angle of inclination of the

resultant.
C. Direction of the resultant.
Figure 5: Nonconcurrent Force System

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methods, without the prior written permission of the owner, except for personal academic use and certain other noncommercial uses permitted by copyright law. 43
 COMPONENT METHOD FOR
SYSTEMS OF FORCES
NONCONCURRENT FORCE
SYSTEM
SOLUTION
• Determine the angles of
inclination of the forces.
Prepared by ENGR. DENNIS C. LOPEZ

• Some angles are already

computed in Figure 5a.
Figure 5a: Nonconcurrent Force System
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methods, without the prior written permission of the owner, except for personal academic use and certain other noncommercial uses permitted by copyright law. 44
 COMPONENT METHOD FOR
SYSTEMS OF FORCES
NONCONCURRENT FORCE
SYSTEM
SOLUTION
• Angles of inclination of the
forces:
Prepared by ENGR. DENNIS C. LOPEZ

𝜃1 = 90° − 50° = 40°

𝜃2 = 71° − 31° = 40°
𝜃3 = 0
𝜃4 = 180° − 120° = 60°
Figure 5a: Nonconcurrent Force System
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methods, without the prior written permission of the owner, except for personal academic use and certain other noncommercial uses permitted by copyright law. 45
 COMPONENT METHOD FOR
SYSTEMS OF FORCES
NONCONCURRENT FORCE
SYSTEM
SOLUTION
NO FORCE THETA Fy U/D Fx R/L
• Tabulate the data as shown in 1 10 40 -6.43 D 7.66 R
Table 5. 2 20 40 -12.86 D -15.32 L
F1 = 10 KN, F2 = 20 KN, 3 30 0 0.00 -30.00 L
4 40 60 34.64 U -20.00 L
Prepared by ENGR. DENNIS C. LOPEZ

F3 = 30 KN and F4 = 40 KN Ry = 15.35 Rx = -57.66

Table 5: x and y Components of Forces
θ1 = 40°, θ2 = 40°,
θ3 = 0 and θ4 = 60°
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methods, without the prior written permission of the owner, except for personal academic use and certain other noncommercial uses permitted by copyright law. 46
 COMPONENT METHOD FOR
SYSTEMS OF FORCES
NONCONCURRENT FORCE SYSTEM
SOLUTION
• Ry = ΣFV and Rx = ΣFH
𝑅𝑦 = + 15.35 𝐾𝑁 𝑢𝑝𝑤𝑎𝑟𝑑 NO FORCE THETA Fy U/D Fx R/L
𝑅𝑋 = − 57.66 𝐾𝑁 (𝑡𝑜 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑙𝑒𝑓𝑡) 1 10 40 -6.43 D 7.66 R
• Compute the magnitude of the 2 20 40 -12.86 D -15.32 L
resultant, 3 30 0 0.00 -30.00 L
4 40 60 34.64 U -20.00 L
Prepared by ENGR. DENNIS C. LOPEZ

𝑅= 𝑅𝑌 2 + 𝑅𝑋 2 Ry = 15.35 Rx = -57.66
Table 5: x and y Components of Forces
𝑅= (15.35)2 +(−57.66)2
𝑅 = 59.67 𝐾𝑁

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methods, without the prior written permission of the owner, except for personal academic use and certain other noncommercial uses permitted by copyright law. 47
 COMPONENT METHOD FOR
SYSTEMS OF FORCES
NONCONCURRENT FORCE SYSTEM
SOLUTION
• Ry = ΣFV and Rx = ΣFH
𝑅𝑦 = + 15.35 𝐾𝑁 𝑢𝑝𝑤𝑎𝑟𝑑 NO FORCE THETA Fy U/D Fx R/L
𝑅𝑋 = − 57.66 𝐾𝑁 (𝑡𝑜 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑙𝑒𝑓𝑡)
1 10 40 -6.43 D 7.66 R
• Compute the angle of inclination of 2 20 40 -12.86 D -15.32 L
the resultant,
𝑅𝑌 3 30 0 0.00 -30.00 L
𝜃 = 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛 4 40 60 34.64 U -20.00 L
Prepared by ENGR. DENNIS C. LOPEZ

𝑅𝑋
Ry = 15.35 Rx = -57.66
15.35
𝜃 = 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛 Table 5: x and y Components of Forces
−57.66
𝜃 = 14.91°

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methods, without the prior written permission of the owner, except for personal academic use and certain other noncommercial uses permitted by copyright law. 48
 COMPONENT METHOD FOR
SYSTEMS OF FORCES
NONCONCURRENT FORCE
SYSTEM
SOLUTION
• Direction of the resultant,
𝑅𝑦 = + 15.35 𝐾𝑁 𝑢𝑝𝑤𝑎𝑟𝑑
𝑅𝑋 = − 57.66 𝐾𝑁 (𝑡𝑜 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑙𝑒𝑓𝑡)
• Magnitude of the resultant,
Prepared by ENGR. DENNIS C. LOPEZ

𝑅 = 59.67 𝐾𝑁
• Angle of inclination of the
resultant,
𝜃 = 14.91° Figure 5: Nonconcurrent Force System

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methods, without the prior written permission of the owner, except for personal academic use and certain other noncommercial uses permitted by copyright law. 49
Table of Contents

COMPONENT METHOD FOR

SYSTEMS OF FORCES
EXERCISE
PROBLEM 1
A concurrent force system has six
forces as shown in Figure 6.
Determine the following:
A. Magnitude of the resultant of
Prepared by ENGR. DENNIS C. LOPEZ

the forces.
B. Angle of inclination of the
resultant.
C. Direction of the resultant. Figure 6: Concurrent Force System
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methods, without the prior written permission of the owner, except for personal academic use and certain other noncommercial uses permitted by copyright law. 50
 COMPONENT METHOD FOR
SYSTEMS OF FORCES
EXERCISE PROBLEM 1
SOLUTION
• Tabulate the data and solve Ry and Rx as shown in Table 6.

NO FORCE THETA Fy U/D Fx R/L

1 550 20 188.11 U 516.83 R
2 160 90 160.00 U 0.00
3 190 55 155.64 U -108.98 L
Prepared by ENGR. DENNIS C. LOPEZ

4 325 0 0.00 -325.00 L

5 220 44 -152.82 D -158.25 L
6 50 55 -40.96 D 28.68 R
Ry = 309.97 Rx = -46.72

Table 6: x and y Components of Forces

Figure 6a: Concurrent Force System
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methods, without the prior written permission of the owner, except for personal academic use and certain other noncommercial uses permitted by copyright law. 51
 COMPONENT METHOD FOR
SYSTEMS OF FORCES
EXERCISE PROBLEM 1
SOLUTION NO FORCE THETA Fy U/D Fx R/L
• Ry = ΣFV and Rx = ΣFH 1 550 20 188.11 U 516.83 R
𝑅𝑦 = + 309.97 𝐾𝑁 𝑢𝑝𝑤𝑎𝑟𝑑 2 160 90 160.00 U 0.00
𝑅𝑋 = − 46.72 𝐾𝑁 (𝑡𝑜 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑙𝑒𝑓𝑡) 3 190 55 155.64 U -108.98 L
• Compute the magnitude of the 4 325 0 0.00 -325.00 L
resultant, 5 220 44 -152.82 D -158.25 L
Prepared by ENGR. DENNIS C. LOPEZ

6 50 55 -40.96 D 28.68 R
𝑅= 𝑅𝑌 2 + 𝑅𝑋 2 Ry = 309.97 Rx = -46.72

𝑅= (309.97)2 +(−46.72)2 Table 6: x and y Components of Forces

𝑅 = 313.47 𝐾𝑁
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methods, without the prior written permission of the owner, except for personal academic use and certain other noncommercial uses permitted by copyright law. 52
 COMPONENT METHOD FOR
SYSTEMS OF FORCES
EXERCISE PROBLEM 1
SOLUTION
NO FORCE THETA Fy U/D Fx R/L
• Ry = ΣFV and Rx = ΣFH
1 550 20 188.11 U 516.83 R
𝑅𝑦 = + 309.97 𝐾𝑁 𝑢𝑝𝑤𝑎𝑟𝑑
2 160 90 160.00 U 0.00
𝑅𝑋 = − 46.72 𝐾𝑁 (𝑡𝑜 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑙𝑒𝑓𝑡) 3 190 55 155.64 U -108.98 L
• Compute the angle of inclination 4 325 0 0.00 -325.00 L
of the resultant, 5 220 44 -152.82 D -158.25 L
𝑅𝑌
Prepared by ENGR. DENNIS C. LOPEZ

6 50 55 -40.96 D 28.68 R
𝜃 = 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛
𝑅𝑋 Ry = 309.97 Rx = -46.72
309.97
𝜃 = 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛 Table 6: x and y Components of Forces
−46.72
𝜃 = 81.43°
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methods, without the prior written permission of the owner, except for personal academic use and certain other noncommercial uses permitted by copyright law. 53
 COMPONENT METHOD FOR
SYSTEMS OF FORCES
EXERCISE PROBLEM 1
SOLUTION
• Direction of the resultant,
𝑅𝑦 = + 309.97 𝐾𝑁 𝑢𝑝𝑤𝑎𝑟𝑑
𝑅𝑋 = − 46.72 𝐾𝑁 (𝑡𝑜 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑙𝑒𝑓𝑡)
• Compute the magnitude of the
resultant,
Prepared by ENGR. DENNIS C. LOPEZ

𝑅 = 313.47 𝐾𝑁
• Angle of inclination of the
resultant,
𝜃 = 81.43°
Figure 6: Concurrent Force System
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methods, without the prior written permission of the owner, except for personal academic use and certain other noncommercial uses permitted by copyright law. 54
Table of Contents

COMPONENT METHOD FOR

SYSTEMS OF FORCES
EXERCISE
PROBLEM 2
A nonconcurrent force system has
four forces as shown in Figure 7.
Determine the following:
A. Magnitude of the resultant of
the forces.
Prepared by ENGR. DENNIS C. LOPEZ

B. Angle of inclination of the

resultant.
C. Direction of the resultant.
Figure 7: Nonconcurrent Force System
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methods, without the prior written permission of the owner, except for personal academic use and certain other noncommercial uses permitted by copyright law. 55
 COMPONENT METHOD FOR
SYSTEMS OF FORCES
EXERCISE
PROBLEM 2
SOLUTION
• Solve the angles of inclination:
𝜃1 = 65°
Prepared by ENGR. DENNIS C. LOPEZ

𝜃2 = 65°
𝜃3 = 90° − 60° = 30°
𝜃4 = 90° − 20° = 70°
Figure 7a: Nonconcurrent Force System

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methods, without the prior written permission of the owner, except for personal academic use and certain other noncommercial uses permitted by copyright law. 56
 COMPONENT METHOD FOR
SYSTEMS OF FORCES
EXERCISE PROBLEM 2
SOLUTION
• Tabulate the data as shown in Table 7.

NO FORCE THETA Fy U/D Fx R/L

1 25 65 22.66 U -10.57 L
2 67 65 60.72 U 28.32 R
Prepared by ENGR. DENNIS C. LOPEZ

3 39 30 19.50 U -33.77 L
4 82 70 -77.05 D -28.05 L
Ry = 25.83 Rx = -44.07

Table 7: x and y Components of Forces Figure 7a: Nonconcurrent Force System

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methods, without the prior written permission of the owner, except for personal academic use and certain other noncommercial uses permitted by copyright law. 57
 COMPONENT METHOD FOR
SYSTEMS OF FORCES
EXERCISE PROBLEM 2
SOLUTION
• Ry = ΣFV and Rx = ΣFH
𝑅𝑦 = + 25.83 𝐾𝑁 𝑢𝑝𝑤𝑎𝑟𝑑 NO FORCE THETA Fy U/D Fx R/L
𝑅𝑋 = − 44.07 𝐾𝑁 (𝑡𝑜 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑙𝑒𝑓𝑡) 1 25 65 22.66 U -10.57 L
• Compute the magnitude of the 2 67 65 60.72 U 28.32 R
resultant, 3 39 30 19.50 U -33.77 L
Prepared by ENGR. DENNIS C. LOPEZ

4 82 70 -77.05 D -28.05 L
𝑅= 𝑅𝑌 2 + 𝑅𝑋 2 Ry = 25.83 Rx = -44.07

Table 7: x and y Components of Forces

𝑅= (25.83)2 +(−44.07)2
𝑅 = 51.08 𝐾𝑁
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 COMPONENT METHOD FOR
SYSTEMS OF FORCES
EXERCISE PROBLEM 2
SOLUTION
• Ry = ΣFV and Rx = ΣFH
𝑅𝑦 = + 25.83 𝐾𝑁 𝑢𝑝𝑤𝑎𝑟𝑑
𝑅𝑋 = − 44.07 𝐾𝑁 (𝑡𝑜 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑙𝑒𝑓𝑡) NO FORCE THETA Fy U/D Fx R/L
• Compute the angle of inclination of the 1 25 65 22.66 U -10.57 L
resultant, 2 67 65 60.72 U 28.32 R
𝑅𝑌 3 39 30 19.50 U -33.77 L
𝜃 = 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛
Prepared by ENGR. DENNIS C. LOPEZ

𝑅𝑋 4 82 70 -77.05 D -28.05 L
25.83 Ry = 25.83 Rx = -44.07
𝜃 = 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛
−44.07 Table 7: x and y Components of Forces
𝜃 = 30.38°

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methods, without the prior written permission of the owner, except for personal academic use and certain other noncommercial uses permitted by copyright law. 59
 COMPONENT METHOD FOR
SYSTEMS OF FORCES
EXERCISE PROBLEM 2
SOLUTION
• Direction of the resultant,
𝑅𝑦 = + 25.83 𝐾𝑁 𝑢𝑝𝑤𝑎𝑟𝑑
𝑅𝑋 = − 44.07 𝐾𝑁 (𝑡𝑜 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑙𝑒𝑓𝑡)
• Compute the magnitude of the
resultant,
Prepared by ENGR. DENNIS C. LOPEZ

𝑅 = 51.08 𝐾𝑁
• Angle of inclination of the
resultant,
𝜃 = 30.38°
Figure 6: Concurrent Force System
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Table of Contents

COMPONENT METHOD FOR

SYSTEMS OF FORCES
EXERCISE
PROBLEM 3
Solve the resultant of the
concurrent force system in Figure 8.
Determine the following:
A. Magnitude of the resultant of
the forces.
Prepared by ENGR. DENNIS C. LOPEZ

B. Angle of inclination of the

resultant.
C. Direction of the resultant.
Figure 8: Concurrent Force System
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Table of Contents

COMPONENT METHOD FOR

SYSTEMS OF FORCES
EXERCISE
PROBLEM 4
Solve the resultant of the
nonconcurrent force system in Figure 9.
Determine the following:
A. Magnitude of the resultant of the
forces.
Prepared by ENGR. DENNIS C. LOPEZ

B. Angle of inclination of the resultant.

C. Direction of the resultant.

Figure 9: Concurrent Force System

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FORCES AND RESULTANT

ONLINE RESOURCES
• https://mathalino.com/reviewer/engineering-mechanics/resultant-of-concurrent-
force-system
• https://mathalino.com/reviewer/engineering-mechanics/resultant-of-parallel-
force-system
• https://mathalino.com/reviewer/engineering-mechanics/resultant-non-
concurrent-force-system
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HseRUq-IACw
Prepared by ENGR. DENNIS C. LOPEZ

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3QoZeu18Qlk
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t9-ZDzM25O4
• https://pixabay.com/
• https://unsplash.com/

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Table of Contents

FORCES AND RESULTANT

REFERENCES
• Pytel, Andrew and Kiusalaas, Jaan; 2013; Understanding
Engineering Mechanics: Statics; Pasig City; Cengage
Learning Asia Pte Ltd (Philippine Branch)
• Beer, Ferdinand; 2013; Vector Mechanics for Engineers:
Statics; New York; Mc Graw-Hill Education
Prepared by ENGR. DENNIS C. LOPEZ

• Hibbeler, R.C.; 2018; Engineering Mechanics: Statics 13th

Edition; New Jersey; Pearson Prentice Hall Pearson
Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River.

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FORCES AND RESULTANT

END
Prepared by ENGR. DENNIS C. LOPEZ

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