THERMODYNAMICS 1 [10/13/20]

RECALL: In the study/analysis/design of thermodynamic system, apply Law of

Conservation of Mass energy>

Let us apply these laws to the different thermodynamic system.

A] First Law Application to Open System:
FYI:
A.1) When analyzing Open System, always assume it as a STEADY FLOW SYSTEM.
2) For steady flow condition, Am and AE = 0. Please remember!

To visualize steady flow system, imagine the following:

1) You are pouring water into a tank with large hole at the bottom, so the amount of
water entering is approximately equal to the water escaping from the hole. that is
called steady flow!
2) You are driving in an asphalted/cemented road, so you are not changing speed,
that's steady flow!
Those are the simple  representation of a steady flow condition. If the working fluid is subjected to that while in
Thermodynamic system, that system is under steady flow condition.

FYI: For OPEN SYSTEM under SFC, the two laws becomes: min= mout and Ein = Eout
When you do energy balance, you must recognize first the energies that must be
included. 
(Stored Energy)in + (Transition Energy)in = (Stored Energy)out + (Transition Energy)out
(Stored Energy)1 + (Transition Energy)1 = (Stored Energy)2 + (Transition Energy)2
where 1 or in = system’s entrance or inlet and 2 or out = system’s exit or outlet

FYI:
The STEADY-FLOW ENERGY EQUATION in terms of ENTHALPY becomes
𝑷𝑬𝒊𝒏 + 𝑲𝑬𝒊𝒏 + 𝑯𝒊𝒏 + 𝑸𝒂 = 𝑷𝑬𝒐𝒖𝒕 + 𝑲𝑬𝒐𝒖𝒕 + 𝑯𝒐𝒖𝒕 + 𝑾𝒔𝒇
𝑷𝑬𝟏 + 𝑲𝑬𝟏 + 𝑯𝟏 + 𝑸𝒂 = 𝑷𝑬𝟐 + 𝑲𝑬𝟐 + 𝑯𝟐 + 𝑾𝒔f
NOTE:
The STORED ENERGIES are PE, KE, U = internal energy and FE = flow energy.

FYI:
Internal energy is simply the internal heat content of fluid.
Flow Energy is the energy needed by the fluid to enter and leave the Thermodynamic
System.

FYI: The other contents of ENERGY BALANCE are the TRANSITION ENERGIES.
These energies act on the system and not possessed by working fluid. They are the
HEAT and WORK. Please remember!

Take Note: Stored Energy are contained in the fluid when it enters and leave the
system, while transitions energy are energies acting (entering or leaving) the system.

FYI about U and H:

1. Internal energy is the heat content of fluid at constant volume.
2. Enthalpy is the heat content of fluid at constant pressure. These the simple
description of those quantities.