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Evidencia 5:

” SUMMARY EXPORT-IMPORT TEORY

PRESENTADO AL ISTRUCTOR

JAVIER ARROYO

PRESENTADO POR
YAJAIRA BLANCO RUIZ

BARRANQUILLA 2021
 Actividad de aprendizaje 15

Contar con los conocimientos necesarios para realizar un proceso de exportación,

requiere no solo de manejar habilidades lectoras para apropiar las normas y pasos
a seguir, sino también comprender y extraer los aspectos más importantes de
cada texto. Existen gran cantidad de textos referentes exportación e importación
en inglés, por lo cual es necesario fortalecer las competencias en dicha lengua.

Para reforzar lo mencionado, realice las siguientes actividades:

1. Lea el siguiente texto:

Export-Import Theory1

Setting up the business

Whether it is a new or existing export-import business, the legal form, or

structure, will determine how the business is to be conducted, its tax
liability, and other important considerations. Each form of business
organization has its own advantages and disadvantages, and the
entrepreneur has to select the one that best fulfills the goals of the
entrepreneur and the business. Selection of an appropriate business
organization is a task that requires accounting and legal expertise and
should be done with the advice of a competent attorney or accountant.
1
Belay, S. (2009). Export-Import Theory, Practices, and Procedures. (2a ed.). New York: Routledge.
Ownership structure

In this section, we examine different forms of business organizations: sole

proprietorships, partnerships, corporations, and limited liability companies.

Sole proprietorships

A sole proprietorship is a firm owned and operated by one individual. No

separate legal entity exists. There is one principal in the business who has
total control over all export-import operations and who can make decisions
without consulting anyone. The major advantages of sole proprietorships
are as follows:

1. They are easy to organize and simple to control. Establishing an export-

import business as sole proprietorship is simple and inexpensive and
requires little or no government approval. At the state level, registration of
the business name is required, while at the federal level, sole proprietors
need to keep accurate accounting records and attach a profit or loss
statement for the business when filing individual tax returns (Schedule C,
Internal Revenue Service Form 1040). They must operate on a calendar
year and can use the cash or accrual method of accounting.

2. They are more flexible to manage than partnerships or corporations. The

owner makes all operational and management decisions concerning the
business. The owner can remove money or other assets of the business
without legal or tax consequences. He or she can also easily transfer or
terminate the business.

3. Sole proprietorships are subject to minimal government regulations

versus other business concerns.
4. The owner of a sole proprietorship is taxed as an individual, at a rate
lower than the corporate income tax rate. Losses from the export import
business can be applied by the owner to offset taxable income from other
sources. Sole proprietors are also allowed to establish tax exempt
retirement accounts. (Harper, 1991; Cheeseman, 2006a)
The major disadvantage of running an export-import concern as a sole
proprietorship is the risk of unlimited liability. The owner is personally liable
for the debts and other liabilities of the business. Insurance can be bought
to protect against these liabilities; however, if insurance protection is not
sufficient to cover legal liability for defective products or debts, judgment
creditors’ next recourse is the personal assets of the owner. Another
disadvantage is that the proprietor’s access to capital is limited to personal
funds plus any loans that can be obtained. In addition, very few individuals
have all the necessary skills to run an export-import business, and the
owner may lack certain skills. The business may also terminate upon the
death or disability of the owner.

Establishing an appropriate business organization: pointers

 Does the entrepreneur intend to be the sole owner of the export-import

business? If not, how many people have an ownership interest?

 Does the entrepreneur need additional capital and/or expertise?

 What legal form provides the greatest flexibility for management?

 What legal form affords the most advantageous tax treatment for the
business concern and individual entrepreneurs?
  Which legal structure is easy and less expensive to establish and subject
to a low degree of government regulation?

 How important is it to limit personal liability of owners?

o Which legal structure is the most appropriate in light of the goals and
objectives of the export-import business? (Belay, 2009).

2. Elabore una lista de vocabulario sobre el texto, mínimo de 15 palabras y escriba

su respectivo significado en inglés.

VOCABULARIO SIGNIFICADO
Advantages: a condition giving a greater Ventajas:. una condición que brinda
chance of success. mayores posibilidades de éxito.
Applied: That puts effort, interest and Aplicado: Que pone esfuerzo, interés y
perseverance in the accomplishment of a constancia en la realización de un trabajo
work or in the development of an activity,o en el desarrollo de una actividad, en
especially in the study. especial en el estudio.
Attorney: Person legally authorized to Abogado: Persona legalmente autorizada
advise and defend the rights and interestspara asesorar y defender los derechos e
of another person in legal matters. intereses de otra persona en materia
jurídica.
Busines: the activity of buying and Negocio: la actividad de comprar y vender
selling goods and services. bienes y servicios.
Disadvantages:. a condition or situation Desventajas: una condición o situación
that causes problems, especially one that que causa problemas, especialmente una
causes something or someone to be less que causa que algo o alguien sea menos
successful than other things or people exitoso que otras cosas o personas.
Income: money that is earned from doing Ingresos: dinero que se gana haciendo
work or received from investments trabajo o recibido de inversiones.
Judgment: the ability to form valuable Juicio: la capacidad de formar opiniones
opinions and make good decisions. valiosas y tomar buenas decisiones.
Little: That has a smaller size than Pequeño: Que tiene un tamaño menor de
normal. lo normal.
Loans: an amount of money that is Prestamos: una cantidad de dinero que
borrowed, often from a bank, and has to se toma prestado, a menudo de un banco,
be paid back, usually together with an y que debe devolverse, generalmente
extra amount of money that you have to junto con una cantidad adicional de dinero
pay as a charge for borrowing. que debe pagar como cargo por el
préstamo:.
 Loss: the fact that you no longer have
something or have less of something
Proprietorships: Propertyrights
In the right, the domain or property, is the
direct and immediate power over an object
or good, by which is attributed to its owner
the ability to dispose of it, without further
limitations than those imposed by law.
Returns: The return is the act of giving
something back to someone. It is a
process that is based on a right of
possession of a certain person with
respect to a certain good that was
delivered with some type of specific
objective.
Skills: an ability to do an activity or job
well, especially because you have
practised it
Sole: being one only.
Fuente: https://dictionary.cambridge.org
Pérdidas: el hecho de que ya no tienes
algo o tienes menos
Propietarios: Derecho de propiedad, en
el derecho, el dominio o propiedad, es el
poder directo e inmediato sobre un objeto
o bien, por la que se atribuye a su titular la
capacidad de disponer del mismo, sin más
limitaciones que las que imponga la ley.
Devoluciones: La devolución es el acto
de entregar algo nuevamente a alguien.
Es un proceso de se sustenta en un
derecho de posesión de una determinada
persona con respecto a un determinado
bien que fue entregado con algún tipo de
objetivo específico.
Habilidades: la capacidad de hacer bien
una actividad o trabajo, especialmente
porque lo has practicado
Único: siendo uno solo.

3. El texto sugerido al inicio de esta evidencia cuenta con varios párrafos, y al

interior de cada párrafo se encuentran varias ideas principales. Por favor, lea el
material complementario “Identifyingthemain idea” para conocer cómo se puede
encontrar la idea principal en un párrafo escrito en inglés.

 Because of the unlimited liability it is recommended to choose a good

insurance to avoid personal financial ruin.
 In the following section you read about sole proprietorships: a company
that is owned and operated by one person.
 One advantage is, that it is easy to maintain and organize because the
registration procedures are cheap and require almost no governmental
approval at all.
 The owner has total control over the finances and other assets.
 Compared to other forms it is lowly regulated by government.
 As a sole proprietor you pay less taxes.
 Because of the unlimited liability it is recommended to choose a good
insurance to avoid personal financial ruin.
4. Luego de analizar el material complementario, por favor escribalas ideas
principales de cada párrafo, en presente simple, en inglés. No haga
transcripción literal de los párrafos. A continuación, transforme la oración a
presente progresivo, también en inglés.
Simple Present Tense Present Progresivo Tense
It is important to choose the right form It is being important to choose the right
of business organization form of business organisation
In the following section you read about In the following section you are reading
sole proprietorships: a company that is about sole proprietorships: a company
owned and operated by one person. that is owned and operated by one
person.
One advantage is, that it is easy to One advantage is, that it is easy to
maintain and organize because the maintain and organize because the
registration procedures are cheap and registration procedures are being
require almost no governmental cheap and require almost no
approval at all. governmental approval at all.
The owner has total control over the The owner is having total control over
finances and other assets. the finances and other assets.
Compared to other forms it is lowly Compared to other forms it is being
regulated by government. lowly regulated by government.
As a sole proprietor you pay less As a sole proprietor you are paying
taxes. less taxes.
Because of the unlimited liability it is Because of the unlimited liability it is
recommended to choose a good being recommended to choose a good
insurance to avoid personal financial insurance to avoid personal financial
ruin. ruin.

5. Organice las ideas en un solo resumen, de manera que se conecten

coherentemente, en 15líneas.
It is important to choose the right form of business organization. In the following
section you can read about the sole proprietorships: in this case, a company that is
owned and operated by one person. One advantage is, that it is easy to maintain
and organize because the registration procedures are cheap and require almost no
governmental approval at all.The owner has total control over the finances and
other assets.Compared to other forms it is lowly regulated by government.As a
sole proprietor you pay less taxes.Because of the unlimited liability it is
recommended to choose a good insurance to avoid personal financial ruin.

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