ACTIVIDAD DE APRENDIZAJE 15

EVIDENCIA 5: SUMMARY “EXPORT-IMPORT THEORY”

APRENDIZ:
KATHERYN BEJARANO LUNA

GESTION LOGISTICA
2021
 Actividad de aprendizaje 15

Evidencia 5: Summary “Export-import theory”

Contar con los conocimientos necesarios para realizar un proceso

de exportación, requiere no solo de manejar habilidades lectoras
para apropiar las normas y pasos a seguir, sino también
comprender y extraer los aspectos más importantes de cada texto.
Existen gran cantidad de textos referentes exportación e
importación en inglés, por lo cual es necesario fortalecer las
competencias en dicha lengua.

Para reforzar lo mencionado, realice las siguientes actividades:

1. Lea el siguiente texto:

Export-Import Theory1

1
Belay, S. (2009). Export-Import Theory, Practices, and Procedures. (2a ed.). New York: Routledge.
Setting up the business

Whether it is a new or existing export-import business,

the legal form, or structure, will determine how the
business is to be conducted, its tax liability, and other
important considerations. Each form of business
organization has its own advantages and disadvantages,
and the entrepreneur has to select the one that best
fulfills the goals of the entrepreneur and the business.
Selection of an appropriate business organization is a
task that requires accounting and legal expertise and
should be done with the advice of a competent attorney
or accountant.

Ownership structure

In this section, we examine different forms of business

organizations: sole proprietorships, partnerships,
corporations, and limited liability companies.
Sole proprietorships

A sole proprietorship is a firm owned and operated by

one individual. No separate legal entity exists. There is
one principal in the business who has total control over
all export-import operations and who can make decisions
without consulting anyone. The major advantages of sole
proprietorships are as follows:

1. They are easy to organize and simple to control.

Establishing an export-import business as sole
proprietorship is simple and inexpensive and requires
little or no government approval. At the state level,
registration of the business name is required, while at
the federal level, sole proprietors need to keep accurate
accounting records and attach a profit or loss statement
for the business when filing individual tax returns
(Schedule C, Internal Revenue Service Form 1040). They
must operate on a calendar year and can use the cash or
accrual method of accounting.
2. They are more flexible to manage than partnerships or
corporations. The owner makes all operational and
management decisions concerning the business. The
owner can remove money or other assets of the business
without legal or tax consequences. He or she can also
easily transfer or terminate the business.

3. Sole proprietorships are subject to minimal

government regulations versus other business concerns.

4. The owner of a sole proprietorship is taxed as an

individual, at a rate lower than the corporate income tax
rate. Losses from the export import business can be
applied by the owner to offset taxable income from other
sources. Sole proprietors are also allowed to establish tax
exempt retirement accounts. (Harper, 1991; Cheeseman,
2006a)
The major disadvantage of running an export-import
concern as a sole proprietorship is the risk of unlimited
liability. The owner is personally liable for the debts and
other liabilities of the business. Insurance can be bought
to protect against these liabilities; however, if insurance
protection is not sufficient to cover legal liability for
defective products or debts, judgment creditors’ next
recourse is the personal assets of the owner. Another
disadvantage is that the proprietor’s access to capital is
limited to personal funds plus any loans that can be
obtained. In addition, very few individuals have all the
necessary skills to run an export-import business, and the
owner may lack certain skills. The business may also
terminate upon the death or disability of the owner.

Establishing an appropriate business organization:

pointers

 Does the entrepreneur intend to be the sole owner of

the export-import business? If not, how many people
have an ownership interest?
 Does the entrepreneur need additional capital and/or
expertise?

 What legal form provides the greatest flexibility for

management?

 What legal form affords the most advantageous tax

treatment for the business concern and individual
entrepreneurs?

 Which legal structure is easy and less expensive to

establish and subject to a low degree of government
regulation?

 How important is it to limit personal liability of

owners?

o Which legal structure is the most appropriate in light

of the goals and objectives of the export-import
business? (Belay, 2009).
2. Elabore una lista de vocabulario sobre el texto, mínimo de 15
palabras y escriba su respectivo significado en inglés.

VOCABULARIO SIGNIFICADO
Advantages: a condition giving Ventajas:. una condición que
a greater chance of success brinda mayores posibilidades
de éxito
Applied: That puts effort, Aplicado: Que pone esfuerzo,
interest and perseverance in interés y constancia en la
the accomplishment of a work realización de un trabajo o en el
or in the development of an desarrollo de una actividad, en
activity, especially in the especial en el estudio.
study.
Attorney: Person legally Abogado: Persona legalmente
authorized to advise and autorizada para asesorar y
defend the rights and interests defender los derechos e
of another person in legal intereses de otra persona en
matters. materia jurídica.
Busines: the activity of buying Negocio: la actividad de
and selling goods and services. comprar y vender bienes y
servicios
Disadvantages:. a condition or Desventajas: una condición o
situation that causes situación que causa problemas,
problems, especially one that especialmente una que causa
causes something or someone que algo o alguien sea menos
to be less successful than other exitoso que otras cosas o
things or people personas.
Income: money that is earned Ingresos: dinero que se gana
from doing work or received haciendo trabajo o recibido de
from investments inversiones.
Little: That has a smaller size Pequeño: Que tiene un tamaño
than normal. menor de lo normal.
Loans: an amount of money Prestamos: una cantidad de
that is borrowed, often from a dinero que se toma prestado, a
bank, and has to be paid back, menudo de un banco, y que
usually together with an extra debe devolverse, generalmente
amount of money that you junto con una cantidad
have to pay as a charge for adicional de dinero que debe
borrowing pagar como cargo por el
préstamo
Loss: the fact that you no Pérdidas: el hecho de que ya no
longer have something or have tienes algo o tienes menos
less of something
Proprietorships: Propertyrights Propietarios: Derecho de
In the right, the domain or propiedad, en el derecho, el
property, is the direct and dominio o propiedad, es el
immediate power over an poder directo e inmediato
object or good, by which is sobre un objeto o bien, por la
attributed to its owner the que se atribuye a su titular la
ability to dispose of it, without capacidad de disponer del
further limitations than those mismo, sin más limitaciones
imposed by law que las que imponga la ley.
Returns: The return is the act Devoluciones: La devolución es
of giving something back to el acto de entregar algo
someone. It is a process that is nuevamente a alguien. Es un
based on a right of possession proceso de se sustenta en un
of a certain person with derecho de posesión de una
respect to a certain good that determinada persona con
was delivered with some type respecto a un determinado
of specific objective. bien que fue entregado con
algún tipo de objetivo
específico.
Skills: an ability to do an Habilidades: la capacidad de
activity or job well, especially hacer bien una actividad o
because you have practised it trabajo, especialmente porque
lo has practicado
Sole: being one only. Único: siendo uno solo

3. El texto sugerido al inicio de esta evidencia cuenta con varios

párrafos, y al interior de cada párrafo se encuentran varias ideas
principales. Por favor, lea el material complementario
“Identifying the main idea” para conocer cómo se puede
encontrar la idea principal en un párrafo escrito en inglés.

 Because of the unlimited liability it is recommended to choose a

good insurance to avoid personal financial ruin.
 In the following section you read about sole proprietorships: a
company that is owned and operated by one person.
 One advantage is, that it is easy to maintain and organize because
the registration procedures are cheap and require almost no
governmental approval at all.
 The owner has total control over the finances and other assets
.  Compared to other forms it is lowly regulated by government.
 As a sole proprietor you pay less taxes.
 Because of the unlimited liability it is recommended to choose a
good insurance to avoid personal financial ruin

4. Luego de analizar el material complementario, por favor escriba

las ideas principales de cada párrafo, en presente simple, en
inglés. No haga transcripción literal de los párrafos. A
continuación, transforme la oración a presente progresivo,
también en inglés.

Simple Present Tense Present Progressive Tense

It is important to choose the It is being important to choose
right form of business the right form of business
organization organisation
In the following section you In the following section you are
read about reading
sole proprietorships: a about sole proprietorships: a
company that is owned and company that is owned and
operated by one person. operated by one person.
One advantage is, that it is easy One advantage is, that it is easy
to maintain and organize to maintain and organize
because the registration because the registration
procedures are cheap and procedures are being cheap and
require almost no require almost no governmental
governmental approval at all approval at all.
The owner has total control The owner is having total control
over the finances and other over the finances and other
assets. assets.
Compared to other forms it is Compared to other forms it is
lowly regulated by government. being lowly regulated by
government.
Compared to other forms it is As a sole proprietor you are
being lowly regulated by paying less taxes.
government.
Because of the unlimited Because of the unlimited liability
liability it is recommended to it is being recommended to
choose a good insurance to choose a good insurance to
avoid personal financial ruin. avoid personal financial ruin.

5. Organice las ideas en un solo resumen, de manera que se

conecten coherentemente, en 15 líneas.

It is important to choose the right form of business organization. In

the following section you can read about the sole proprietorships:
in this case, a company that is owned and operated by one person.
One advantage is, that it is easy to maintain and organize because
the registration procedures are cheap and require almost no
governmental approval at all.The owner has total control over the
finances and other assets.Compared to other forms it is lowly
regulated by government.As a sole proprietor you pay less
taxes.Because of the unlimited liability it is recommended to
choose a good insurance to avoid personal financial ruin.

Nota: para el desarrollo de esta evidencia se debe tener en cuenta

el material de formación “Using simple present and progressive to
export” y el material complementario asociado a esta actividad de
aprendizaje.

Desarrolle esta evidencia con la herramienta ofimática de su

preferencia y envíe el archivo al instructor a través de la plataforma
virtual de aprendizaje en formato .doc o .pdf.

Pasos para enviar la evidencia:

1. Clic en el título de la evidencia.

2. Clic en Examinar mi equipo y buscar el archivo previamente
guardado.
3. Dejar un comentario al instructor (opcional).
4. Clic en Enviar.

Nota: esta evidencia es de carácter individual. Recuerde revisar la

guía de aprendizaje con el fin de verificar que ha realizado todas las
actividades propuestas, saber cómo desarrollarlas y entregarlas
correctamente.
 Criterios de evaluación
Realiza resúmenes de la información relevante y detallada de un
texto técnico en inglés.