Name: E. thyroid cartilage.

6. The true vocal cords and the opening

Respiratory System between them are called the
A. cricoid cartilage.
1. Which of these structures is a part of B. fauces.
the upper respiratory tract? C. glottis.
A. Bronchi D. thyroid cartilage.
B. Larynx E. vestibular folds.
C. Lungs 7. Which of these structures prevents
D. Pharynx the movement of swallowed materials
E. trachea into the larynx?
2. Which of these is NOT a paranasal A. middle nasal conchae
sinus? B. epiglottis
A. ethmoidal sinus C. vestibular folds
B. frontal sinus D. uvula
C. mastoid sinus E. both b and c
D. maxillary sinus 8. Which of these structures has no
E. sphenoidal sinus cartilage around it?
3. Which of these passageways opens A. primary bronchus
directly into the nasopharynx? B. secondary bronchus
A. auditory tubes C. terminal bronchiole
B. external nares D. larynx
C. nasolacrimal ducts E. trachea
D. paranasal sinuses 9. Arrange the following structures in
E. all of these the correct order as air passes through
4. The structure that separates the them traveling from the bronchi: (1.)
nasopharynx from the oropharynx is the alveolar duct, (2.) alveolus, (3.)
A. hard palate. respiratory bronchiole, and (4.) terminal
B. larynx. bronchiole
C. fauces. A. 1,2,3,4
D. uvula. B. 2,3,4,1
E. vestibule. C. 3,4,1,2
5. The largest cartilage in the larynx is D. 3,1,2,4
the E. 4,3,1,2
A. arytenoid cartilage. 10. For inspiration during labored
B. cricoid cartilage. breathing, which of these muscles is
C. corniculate cartilage. NOT contracted?
D. cuneiform cartilage. A. Diaphragm
1
 B. external intercostal muscles
C. internal intercostal muscles
D. pectoralis minor muscles
E. sternocleidomastoid muscles
11. Visceral pleura is found
A. inside the terminal bronchioles.
B. on the surface of the lung.
C. on the walls of the thorax,
diaphragm, and mediastinum.
D. in the trachea and bronchi.
12. Besides lubricating the visceral and
parietal pleura, pleural fluid also
A. holds the visceral and parietal
pleural membranes together.
B. prevents the lungs from
overinflating.
C. helps fill the pleural cavity.
D. increases diffusion rates in the
lungs.
E. prevents the lungs from leaking.
13. If alveolar volume increases, alveolar
pressure
A. decreases.
B. increases.
C. is unchanged.
14. For inspiration to occur, barometric
pressure must be __________ alveolar
pressure.
A. greater than
B. less than
C. equal to
15. During expiration, the volume of the
thorax __________ as the diaphragm
__________ .
A. decreases, contracts
B. decreases, relaxes
C. increases, contracts
D. increases, relaxes
16. Lung recoil occurs because of elastic
fibers in the alveolar walls and
A. barometric pressure.
B. pleural pressure.
C. surface tension of the fluid that
lines the alveoli.
D. surfactant secretion in the alveoli.
E. the pneumothorax principle.
17. Surfactant
A. reduces surface tension of the
fluid lining the alveoli.
B. increases pleural pressure.
C. decreases alveolar pressure.
D. makes inspiration more difficult.
E. can cause a pneumothorax.
18. If a pneumothorax occurs, pleural
pressure and alveolar pressure become
__________ barometric pressure.
A. equal to
B. greater than
C. less than
19. At the end of normal inspiration,
which of these pressures is the most
negative?
A. Alveolar
B. Barometric
C. Partial
D. Pleural
E. tracheal
20.Arrange the following events in the
correct order as they occur during
inspiration: (1.) air flows into the lungs,
(2.) alveolar volume increases, (3.)
thoracic volume increases, (4.) pleural
pressure decreases, and (5.) alveolar
pressure decreases
A. 1,2,3,4,5
B. 2,5,1,3,4
2
 C. 3,4,2,5,1 26. Given this information: (1.) tidal
D. 4,5,2,1,3 volume = 500 mL, (2.) residual volume =
E. 5,1,3,4,2 1000 mL, (3.) inspiratory reserve volume
21. If compliance increases, lung = 2500 mL, (4.) expiratory reserve
expansion is volume = 1000 mL, (5.) dead air space =
A. easier. 100 mL, and (6 respiratory rate = 20
B. more difficult. times/minute; The minute ventilation for
C. unaffected. this individual is
22. Which of these conditions produces A. 20.0 L/minute
increased compliance of the lungs? B. 10.0 L/minute
A. airway obstruction C. 7.0 L/minute
B. emphysema D. 4.0 L/minute
C. fibrosis of lungs E. 2.0 L/minute
D. pulmonary edema 27. Given this information: (1.) tidal
E. all of these volume = 500 mL, (2.) residual volume =
23. Which of these lung 1000 mL, (3.) inspiratory reserve volume
volumes/capacities is the largest? = 2500 mL, (4.) expiratory reserve
A. expiratory reserve volume volume = 1000 mL, (5.) dead air space =
B. inspiratory reserve volume 100 mL, and (6.) respiratory rate = 20
C. residual volume times/minute; The alveolar ventilation
D. tidal volume (VA) for this individual is
E. vital capacity A. 10.0 L/minute
24. If a person's vital capacity is B. 8.0 L/minute
4000mL, her expiratory reserve volume C. 6.0 L/minute
is 1000mL, and her inspiratory reserve D. 2.5 L/minute
volume is 2500mL, and her tidal volume is E. 1.0 L/minute
A. 3500mL. 28. If the total pressure of a gas is 700
B. 3000mL. mm Hg and its composition is 20%
C. 1500mL. oxygen, 0.03% carbon dioxide, 75%
D. 1000mL. nitrogen, and 5% water vapor, the partial
E. 500mL. pressure of oxygen (PO2) is
25. The volume of air that is available A. 15 mm Hg.
for gas exchange each minute is the B. 20 mm Hg.
A. minute ventilation. C. 105 mm Hg.
B. anatomical dead air space. D. 140 mm Hg.
C. physiological dead air space. E. 1600 mm Hg.
D. alveolar ventilation.
E. total lung capacity.
3
29. In which of these areas is the partial
pressure of oxygen (PO2) normally the
greatest?
A. inspired air
B. alveolar air
C. expired air
D. pulmonary capillaries
E. tissue capillaries
30. The partial pressure of oxygen in the
air is __________ than the partial
pressure of carbon dioxide; the solubility
of oxygen in water is __________ than
the solubility of carbon dioxide in water.
A. lower, lower
B. lower, higher
C. greater, lower
D. greater, higher
31. Which of these conditions causes a
decreased rate of diffusion through the
respiratory membrane?
A. increased fluid in the lungs
B. decreased diffusion coefficient
C. decreased respiratory surface
area
D. decreased partial pressure
gradient
E. all of these
32. If pH decreases, PCO2 increases, or
temperature increases, the amount of
oxygen bound to hemoglobin
A. increases.
B. decreases.
C. remains unchanged.
33. Oxygen and carbon dioxide move
through the respiratory membrane and
into and out of cells by the process of
A. active transport.
B. cotransport.
C. diffusion.
D. exocytosis.
E. facilitated diffusion.
34. Most carbon dioxide is transported
as __________ in the blood.
A. bicarbonate ions
B. carbamino compounds (including
carbaminohemoglobin)
C. dissolved in plasma
D. carbon monoxide
E. carbonic acid
35. Which of these factors increases
respiratory rate?
A. increased blood PCO2
B. increased blood pH
C. increased blood PO2
D. increased pH of cerebrospinal fluid
E. all of these
36. In the chloride shift, chloride ions
exchange places with
A. bicarbonate ions.
B. sodium ions.
C. potassium ions.
D. hydrogen ions.
E. hemoglobin.
37. Hyperventilation produces which of
these effects?
A. decreased blood PCO2
B. vasodilation of peripheral blood
vessels
C. decreased blood pressure
D. increase in pH
E. all of these
38. The most important factor for
regulating respiratory rate is
A. bicarbonate level in the blood.
B. oxygen level in the blood.
C. CO2 level in the blood.
4
 D. urea concentration in the blood.
39. The Hering-Breuer reflex
A. inhibits inspiration.
B. stimulates inspiration.
C. occurs in response to changes in
carbon dioxide in the blood.
D. both b and c
40. Which of these statements
concerning respiration is NOT true?
A. Higher brain centers can modify
the activity of the respiratory
center.
B. A decrease in pH of the blood
increases respiration rate.
C. The Bohr effect allows carbon
dioxide to bind more easily to
hemoglobin that has released its
oxygen.
D. An increase in carbon dioxide in
the blood causes pH to decrease.
E. Low oxygen levels in the blood
increase respiration rate.
41. When you exhale, air flows through
respiratory structures in which
sequence?
A. Alveolus, bronchiole, bronchus,
larynx, trachea, pharynx, nasal
cavity
B. Alveolus, trachea, bronchus,
bronchiole, larynx, pharynx, nasal
cavity
C. Alveolus, bronchus, bronchiole,
trachea, larynx, pharynx, nasal
cavity
D. Alveolus, bronchiole, bronchus,
trachea, larynx, pharynx, nasal
cavity
42. When you inhale, the diaphragm:
A. Relaxes and moves inferiorly
B. Relaxes and moves superiorly
C. Contracts and moves superiorly
D. Contracts and moves inferiorly
43. During inspiration, intrapulmonary
pressure is:
A. Greater than atmospheric pressure
B. Less than atmospheric pressure
C. Greater than intrapleural pressure
D. Less than intrapleural pressure
44. Lung collapse is prevented by:
A. High surface tension of alveolar
fluid
B. Adhesion of the pleural membranes
C. High pressure in the pleural
cavities
D. High elasticity of lung tissue
45. Disorders classified as COPDs
include:
A. Pneumonia
B. Emphysema
C. Bronchitis
D. Sleep apnea
46. Which of the following changes will
accompany the loss of lung elasticity
associated with aging?
A. Increase in tidal volume
B. Increase in inspiratory reserve
volume
C. Increase in residual volume
D. Increase in vital capacity
47. Which of the following is not part of
the conducting zone of the respiratory
system?
A. Pharynx
B. Alveolar sac
C. Trachea
D. Secondary bronchioles
5
 E. Larynx
48. The common opening between the
respiratory and digestive system is:
A. Pharynx
B. Larynx
C. Trachea
D. Bronchus
49. The right lung has:
A. 2 Lobes
B. 3 lobes
C. 4 lobes
D. 5 lobes
50. The amount of air that remains in the
lungs after forceful exhalation is:
A. Functional residual capacity
B. Residual volume
C. Tidal volume
D. Minute volume