Drug Mechanism of Indication Contraindication Adverse Effect Nursing Responsibilities

Action
Generic Name: Decreases hepatic Adjunct to  physical weakness (asthenia) Assessment
 Allergies to
metformin glucose production, diet to lower  diarrhea
biguanides  History: Allergy
hydrochloride decreases intestinal blood  gas (flatulence)
to metformin;
glucose absorption, glucose with  an infection  symptoms of
Brand Name: and Increases type2 (non– diabetes
weakness, muscle pain (myalgia)
 low blood sugar complicated by
Glucophage sensitivity to insulin-  upper respiratory tract infection
fever, severe
insulin. Indicated dependent)
 pituitary  low blood sugar (hypoglycemia)
infections,
Classification: for the diabetes
hormone  abdominal pain (GI complaints),
Antidiabetics/Biguanides management of mellitus in severe trauma,
deficiency lactic acidosis (rare)
type 2 diabetes patients major surgery,
 low blood levels of vitamin B-12 ketosis,
Dosage: mellitus; may be  decreased  nausea
500mg used with diet, acidosis, coma;
function of the  vomiting type 1
850mg insulin, or adrenal gland  chest discomfort
1000mg sulfonylurea diabetes,
 chills, dizziness serious hepatic
oral hypoglycemics  inadequate
 bloating/abdominal distention or renal
Route: PO vitamin B12
 constipation impairment,
 excess body  heartburn uremia,
Frequency: BID
acid thyroid or
endocrine
 dehydration
impairment,
 alcoholism glycosuria,
hyperglycemia
 alcohol associated
intoxication with primary
renal disease,
 a heart attack
CHF,
 sudden and pregnancy,
serious lactation
symptoms of  Physical: Skin
 color, lesions;
heart failure T, orientation,
called acute reflexes,
decompensated peripheral
heart failure sensation; R,
 liver problems adventitious
sounds; liver
 fever evaluation,
bowel sounds;
 a condition
urinalysis,
where the body
BUN, serum
is unable to
creatinine,
maintain
LFTs, blood
adequate blood
glucose, CBC
flow called
Interventions
shock
 Monitor urine
 excessive
or serum
vomiting
glucose levels
 excessive frequently to
diarrhea determine
effectiveness
 serious lack of of drug and
oxygen in the dosage.
blood  WARNING:
Arrange for
 weakened
transfer to
patient
insulin therapy
 sepsis during periods
of high stress
 chronic kidney (infections,
disease stage surgery,
 trauma).
3B (moderate)  WARNING:
 chronic kidney Use IV glucose
disease stage 4 if severe
(severe) hypoglycemia
occurs as a
 chronic kidney result of
disease stage 5 overdose.
(failure) Teaching points
 kidney disease  Do not
with likely discontinue
reduction in this
kidney function medication
without
consulting
your health
care provider.
 Monitor urine
or blood for
glucose and
ketones as
prescribed.
 Swallow
extended-
release tablets
whole; do not
cut, crush, or
chew.
 Do not use this
drug during
pregnancy; if
 you become
pregnant,
consult with
your health
care provider
for
appropriate
therapy.
 Avoid using
alcohol while
taking this
drug.
 Report fever,
sore throat,
unusual
bleeding or
bruising, rash,
dark urine,
light-colored
stools, hypo-
or
hyperglycemic
reactions.

Sources: https://www.rxlist.com/consumer_metformin/drugs-condition.htm

https://www.rnpedia.com/nursing-notes/pharmacology-drug-study-notes/metformin-hydrochloride/#:~:text=Monitor%20urine%20or%20serum%20glucose,as%20a%20result%20of%20overdose .

https://www.scribd.com/document/203194902/Drug-Study-Metformin

https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a696005.html

https://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-11285-7061/metformin-oral/metformin-oral/details/list-contraindications