Ἐν ἀρχῇ ἦν

Gender ὁ λόγος

Third Declension Third Declension Nouns

Nouns The third declension is another pattern of endings.
These can be masculine, feminine, or neuter.
Chapter 14 The gender can be determined by the article.

ὁ πατήρ
πατήρ Masculine
ἡ γυνή Feminine
τὸ πνεῦµα
νεῦµα Neuter

Ἐν ἀρχῇ ἦν Ἐν ἀρχῇ ἦν
Case ὁ λόγος Morphology ὁ λόγος

Third declension nouns and their cases function Third Declension Nouns
identically as 1st and 2nd declension nouns.
Unlike 1st and 2nd declension nouns, the stem of 3rd declension nouns ends
τὸ πνεῦµά ἐστιν ἡ ἀλήθεια “The Spirit is the truth” in a consonant. The basic stem for the third declension is not found in the
nominative singular form because it has experienced a spelling change.
ὁ καρπὸς τοῦ πνεύµατός ἐστιν ἀγάπη “the fruit of the Spirit is love”
Often, part of the original noun stem has dropped off or combined in the
εἶπεν ἐν τῷ πνεύµατι “He said in the Spirit” nominative form.

εἶδεν τὸ πνεῦµα “He saw the Spirit” σαρκ

σαρκ + ς → σάρξ
σάρξ

Third Declension
Ἐν ἀρχῇ ἦν Ἐν ἀρχῇ ἦν
Morphology ὁ λόγος Nouns–Feminine ὁ λόγος

Third Declension Nouns Case Art. Singular Art. Plural

N. ἡ σάρξ αἱ σάρκες
The genitive singular form usually contains the unaltered noun stem
along with the case ending. G. τῆς σαρκός τῶν σαρκῶν
Consequently, it is crucial to memorize both the lexical (nominative) form D. τῇ σαρκί ταῖς σαρξί(
ξ ί(ν )
ξί
and the genitive singular form of 3rd declension nouns.
A. τὴν σάρκα τὰς σάρκας
σαρκ + ος → σαρκός
σαρκός Notice: the dative forms have the usual iota (ιι). The changes to the stem that occur in the nom
sg also occur in the dat pl. The gen pl forms are the same as the 1st and 2nd declension forms.

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 Third Declension Third Declension
Ἐν ἀρχῇ ἦν Ἐν ἀρχῇ ἦν
Nouns–Neuter ὁ λόγος Endings ὁ λόγος

Art. Singular Art. Plural Masc & Fem Neuter

Case Sg Pl Sg Pl
N. τὸ πνεῦµα τὰ πνεύµατα
πνεύµατα
N. –ςς/- ες
–ες –ςς/- α
–α
G. τοῦ πνεύµατος τῶν πνεύµατων
G. –οος ων
–ων –οος ων
–ων
D. τῷ πνεύµατι σι((ν)
τοῖς πνεύµασι
D. –ιι σι(ν)
–σι(ν) –ιι σι(ν)
–σι(ν)
A. τὸ πνεῦµα τὰ πνεύµατα
πνεύµατα
Notice: the neuter nom. and acc. forms have the same forms. Also, observe the “moveable nu” A. α
–α ας
–ας –ςς/- α
–α
on the dat pl. Nouns ending in –μα are always neuter (=largest group of 3rd declension nouns).

Ἐν ἀρχῇ ἦν Square of Stops

Morphology ὁ λόγος Morphology

Be careful of the endings Labials π β φ +σ =ψ

Although they might look the same, they could be very
different. Pay attention to the article if it is provided.
Palatals κ γ χ +σ =ξ
ὁ λόγος
λόγος
M, N, Sg
τῆς σαρκός
σαρκός
F, G, Sg
Dentals τ δ θ +σ =σ
τὸ ἔθνος
ἔθνος

N, N/A, Sg

Ἐν ἀρχῇ ἦν Ἐν ἀρχῇ ἦν
Vocabulary ὁ λόγος Vocabulary ὁ λόγος

ἐγγίζω,
ἐγγίζω I approach, draw near αἷµα,
αἷµα –ατος, τό, blood (hematology,
ζάω,
ζάω I live (zoo) hemoglobin)
οἶδα,
οἶδα I know, understand γραµµατεύς,
γραµµατεύς –εως, ὁ, scribe (grammar)
ὁράω,
ὁράω I see, perceive (panorama) δύναµις,
δύναµις –εως, ἡ, power, miracle (dynamic)
πούς,
πούς ποδός, ὁ, foot (podiatrist)
πείθω,
είθω I persuade, convince (faith)
πῦρ,
ῦρ –ός, τό, fire (pyre, pyromaniac)

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 Ἐν ἀρχῇ ἦν
Vocabulary ὁ λόγος

ῥῆµα,
ῥῆµα –ατος, τό, word, saying
στόµα,
στόµα –ατος, ἡ, mouth (stomach)
ὕδωρ,
ὕδωρ –ατος, τό, water (hydraulics, hydrogen)
φῶς,
φῶς φωτός, τό, light (photon, photograph)
χείρ,
χείρ χειρός, ἡ, hand