360 Microwave Linear-Beam Tubes (0 Type) Chap.

d. Calculate the beam loading conductance (refer to Fig. 9-2-13). The beam load-
ing conductance GB is
6
25 x 10-
GB = 2Go ({36 - /30 cos 8)
; = 2 [(0.952) 2 - (0.952) cos (28.6°)]

= 8.8 x 10- 1 mho

Then the beam loading resistance RB is
1
RB = GB = 1.14 x 106 n

In comparison with RL and Rsho or the effective shunt resistance R,h , the beam
loading resistance is like an open circuit and thus can be neglected in the preced-
ing calculations.

9.a.5 State of the Art

Extended Interaction. The most common form of extended interaction has

been attained recently by coupling two or more adjacent klystron cavities. Figure
9-2-17 shows schematically a five-section extended-interaction cavity as compared
to a single-gap klystron cavity.

(a)

Figure 9·2-17 Comparison of a five-

gap extended interaction' cavity with a
single-gap klystron cavity. (a) Five-gap
coupled cavity resonator. (b)Single-gap
klystron cavity. (After A. Staprans et al.
(b) [7]; reprinted by permission of IEEE.)

High efficiency and large power. In the 1960s much effort was devoted to
improving the efficiency of klystrons. For instance, a 50-kW experimental tube has
demonstrated 75% efficiency in the industrial heating band [8]. The VA-8840
klystron is a five-cavity amplifier whose operating characteristics are listed in Table
9-2-1.
One of the better-known high-peak-power klystrons is the tube developed
specifically for use in the 2-mile Stanford Linear Accelerator [9] at Palo Alto, Cali-
fornia. A cutaway view of the tube is shown in Fig. 9-2-18. The operating character-
istics of this tube are listed in Table 9-2-2.
The Varian CW superpower klystron amplifier VKC-8269A as shown in Fig.
9-2-19 has an output power of 500 kW (CW) at frequency of 2.114 GHz. Its power