Innen aitallla bro

CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE REVIEW & JOURNALS

2.1 AMU.O.O(2005): Amu.o.o studied the effect of egg

shell powder on the stabilizing potential of lime on an
expansive soil. He conducted series of test to determine the
optimal percentage of lime egg shell powder combination.
The optimal quantity of lime was gradually replaced with
suitable amount of egg shell powder result indicated that
the lime stabilization at 7% is better than the combination
of 4% egg shell powder + 3% of lime.

2.2 Okonkwo.U.N(2012) : Okonkwo.u.n had study and

aimed at determining the effects of egg shell ash on strength
properties of cement stabilized lateritic soil. All proportions
of cement and egg shell ash contents were measured in
percentage by weight of dry soil. The compaction test the
California bearing test, unconfined compressive test and
durability test were carried out on the soil cement egg shell
ash mixture. The increase in egg shell ash content increased
the optimum moisture content but reduce the maximum dry
density of the soil cement egg shell ash mixtures. Also the
increase in eggshell ash content considerably increased the
strength properties of soil cement egg shell ash mixture
upto 35% in the average but fell short of the strength
requirements except the durability was satisfied.
2.3 Muthukumar M(2014) : For any land-based structure,
the foundation is very important and has to be strong to
support the entire structure. In order for the foundation to
be strong the soil around it plays a very critical role. So, to
work with soils, we need to have proper knowledge about
their properties and factors which affect their behaviour.
The process of soil stabilization helps to achieve the
required properties in a soil needed for the construction
work. From the literature, it was observed that the eggshell
powder was added with the combination of any other
stabilizing materials (cement, lime, flyash). Over the last
years, environmental issues have prompted human to use
industrial wastes as alternatives to some construction
materials. Both earthwork researchers and engineers have
paid considerable attention to use wastes in soil
stabilization and improving physical and mechanical
properties of soils. This may help both remove
environmental problems and contribute to the economy.
From the literature, it was seen that the eggshell powder is
added (1% to 8%) with the combination of any other
stabilizing materials (cement, lime, flyash). When the
eggshell powder was added separately in highly expansive
soils, only the plasticity properties were studied. In this
paper, we have decided to add the eggshell powder
separately to study the index properties and engineering
properties of the soil. An improvement in the index and
strength properties of soil by addition of ESP will help to
find an application for waste materials to improve the
properties of soil and can be used as better stabilizing
agent.
2.4 Geethu saji,Nimisha Mathew(2016) : Stabilization is the alteration
of foundation soils to conform to desired characteristics or the
improvement of a less stable soil in both strength and durability. Many
soils are subject to differential expansion and shrinkage when they
undergo changes in moisture content. Many soil also move and rut
when subjected to moving wheel loads. It is therefore usually necessary
to stabilize