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ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN 2. dimensions should be placed to read from the right or

Note Ref: Architect Eva Maria Villanueva STEPS IN DRAWING FLOOR PLANS from the bottom of the drawing. The numerals should
Updated For: USA DESIGN SUBJECTS 1. block the overall dimensions of the house and add the always be written above the lines
DRAWING CONVENTIONS thickness of the outside walls with a hard pencil 3. dimension lines are placed about 3/8” apart. To avoid
2. layout the position of interior partitions crossing extension and dimension lines, place the longer
INSTRUCTOR: MA. THERESA M. AUSTRIA 3. locate the position of doors and windows by center line dimensions farther away from the plan. Overall building
and by their widths dimensions are placed outside all other dimensions
4. darken the object lines with an F pencil 4. when the area to be dimensioned is too small for the
SUBJECT: AR 331 DESIGN 5- PLANNING 2
5. add doors and window symbols with a 2H pencil numerals, they are placed outside the dimension lines.
6. add symbols for stairwells Do not try to “fancy up” dimensions with artistic
CLASS AR3B AND 3C
7. erase extraneous lines if they are too heavy. If they are numerals, legibility is the only concern
YEAR/SECTION
extremely light, they can remain 5. rooms are dimensioned form the center line of
8. draw the outlines of the furniture and fixtures partitions. In some cases, they may be dimensioned
➢ FLOOR PLAN
9. add the symbols and sections for any masonry work from wall to wall, exclusive of wall thickness
▪ a drawing of the outline and partitions of a building as
such as planters 6. in dimensioning stairs, the number of risers is placed on
you would see them at the building were cut
10. dimension the drawing a line with an arrow indicating the direction (up or
horizontally at about 4 feet or 1.20m
down)
▪ the plan is the beginning of the building. It is the
DOORS AND WINDOWS IN PLAN 7. architectural dimensions always refer to the actual size
foundation upon which the scheme of the structure
1. show normally swinging doors at 90º opening of the building regardless of the scale of the drawing
rests. It relates the various units to each other
2. doors swings are shown with light lines and quarter 8. never crowd dimensions. To free the plan of excessive
▪ the design process should always proceed from within
symbols dimensions, the sizes of doors and windows are given in
to without
3. door type is not illustrated in plan, only in elevational the door and window schedule. All obvious dimensions
views are also omitted
2 THINGS TO CONSIDER WHEN DESIGNING A PLAN
4. window type cannot be explained in plan except for
1. the arrangement of the units according to
width and location : window type and height are shown ➢ SECTIONS
practical requirements
in elevational views ▪ architectural sections are drawings that show a building
2. the arrangement according to the rule of abstract
5. show sill lines with a lighter line weight than wals, jambs cut in half by an imaginary plane called a cutting
design
and glass, since sills are not in fact cut through plane. All the material on one side of the cut is
removed so that the interior can be studied
FLOOR PLAN SKETCHING
WALL INDICATIONS ▪ the position of the cutting plane is shown by the
1. Preliminary sketching
- note that what is cut through in plan (walls, columns, cutting plane line. A cutting plane line is a long heavy
▪ shows desirable size proportion and relationship of each
etc.) takes precedence and should be dominating value; line followed by two dashes. It is placed in the part to
room to the entire plan
what is seen within plan (flooring, counters, furniture, be sectioned, and the arrows at its ends show the
▪ offsets and indentations are smoothed by increasing the
etc.) should be lighter in value direction from which the section is to be viewed
dimensions of some rooms and changing slightly the
▪ the cutting plane line often interferes with dimensions,
arrangement of the others
RULES FOR DIMENSIONING FLOOR PLANS notes and details. In this case, an alternative method
▪ modular sizes are established
1. architectural dimension lines are unbroken lines with wherein only the extremes of the cutting plane line are
▪ exact positions and sizes of doors and windows are
dimensions placed above the lines. Arrowheads, dots, used. The cutting plane line is then assumed to be
determined
small circles and diagonal lines are used to denote the straight
2. Final sketching
termination of the dimension line. Dots are used when
▪ single line sketches are change to define wall thickness
the area to be dimensioned is too small for arrowheads.
and include property features
Arrowheads may also be placed outside the extension KINDS OF SECTIONS
▪ location of shrubbery, trees, patios, driveways, gardens,
lines when the area is too small • FULL SECTION
etc. are included
- a section cut through the entire building or component
a. cross section – a section showing a crosswise
cut through the building

b. longitudinal section – a section showing a
transverse or lengthwise cut through building
• OFFSET SECTION
- a section with a cutting plane line offset to permit it to
cut through necessary features
• HALF SECTION
- a cut to remove only one quarter of a symmetrical
component. Thus both exterior and interior can be
shown in one view
POINTS TO REMEMBER IN DRAWING SECTIONS
1. a building material is only sectioned when the cutting
plane line passes through it. The outline of all other
materials visible behind the plane of projection must
also be drawn in their proper position and scale
2. as with floor plans, whatever is cut through in taking a
section (floor, walls, roof structure, etc.) is profiled with
a heavy line
3. cut sections through major elements in a building
(major window openings, doorways, changes in roof
and floor levels, roof opening, etc.). never cut through
columns
4. it is good practice to include people in building design
section to give a scale to the spaces
5. the physical context of the building should always be
shown buy indicating the earth upon which it sits, which
is also cut through
6. construction details and foundations need not be
indicated in design sections
RULES FOR DIMENSIONING SECTIONS
1. vertical dimensions should be read from the right of the
drawing
2. levels to be dimensions should be labeled with a note,
term or abbreviation
3. room heights are shown by dimensioning from the floor
line to the ceiling line
4. the height of windows and doors are dimensioned from
the floor line to the top of windows and doors. Windows
and doors may be indexed to a door and window
schedule, or the style of the windows and doors may be
shown on the sectional drawing.
5. sectional dimensions show only vertical distances.
horizontal distances are shown in the floor plan
6. dimensions for small, complex, or obscure areas should
be indicated to a separate detail
7. overall height dimensions are placed on the outside of
subdimensions
➢ ELEVATIONS
- the main feature of the outside of a building are
shown on the elevation drawings. Elevation drawings are
orthographic drawings of the exterior of a building. They are
prepared to show the design, materials, dimensions, and final
appearance of the exterior of a building
- only horizontal distances can be established in the
floor plan. Thus, the vertical height such as the height of
windows and doors must be shown on the elevations
4 TYPES OF ELEVATION ACCORDING TO FUNCTIONAL
ORIENTATION
• front elevation
- the view projected from the front of a building
• rear elevation
- the view projected from the rear of a building
• right side elevation
- the view projected from the right side of a building
• left side elevation
- the view projected form the left side of a building
ELEVATIONS ACCORDING TO COMPASS ORIENTAITON
- a method of projecting the elevations of a building
with no so-called front or rear view
STEPS IN PROJECTING ELEVATIONS
The major lines of an elevation are derived by projecting
vertical lines from the floor plan, and measuring the position of
the horizontal lines from the ground line
• vertical line projection
- vertical lines represents the main lines of a
building should first be projected. These lines show the
overall length or width of the building. They also show
the major parts or offsets of the building. The position
of the doors and windows are also projected from the
floor plan
• horizontal line projection
- horizontal lines that represents the height of
the eave line and ridge line above the ground are
measured, then drawn to intersect with the vertical lines
drawn from the floor plan. The intersection of these
lines provide the overall outline for the elevation
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➢ KITCHENS
A well planned kitchen is efficient, attractive and
easy to maintain. In designing an efficient kitchen, the
following must be considered:
a. function
b. basic shape
c. décor
d. size
e. location of equipment
FUNCTION OF A KITCHEN
The basic function of a kitchen is food preparation. In
some cases, the kitchen is also used as an informal dining area
and as a laundry area
THREE AREAS OF THE KITCHEN
• storage center
- the focal point of the storage center is the
refrigerator, although many cabinets for non-
refrigerated food, dishes and utensils must be provided.
The refrigerator may be free-standing, built-in or
suspended from a wall
- to save steps, the refrigerator may be
located near the delivery door, or nearest the door to
the living/dining area
• preparation and cleaning center
- this center is built around the sink and its
adjoining counter space
- the preparation and cleaning center may also
include a waste-disposal unit, an automatic dishwasher,
and cabinets for storing brushes, towels and cleaning
supplies
• cooking center
- the cooking center is grouped around the
range/stove. Range-oven combinations are often 36
inches or 0.90 meter high, so counters should be
designed at the same height
- the cooking center should also include
countertop workspaces, as well as storage for small
appliances and cooking utensils that will be used in the
area. The cooking center must have an adequate supply
of electrical outlets for the minor appliances used in
cooking
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WORK TRIANGLE perpendicular to a wall, and an island when it is

If you draw a line connecting the three centers of the freestanding HLURB Housing and Land Use Regulatory Board
kitchen, a triangle is formed. This is called a work triangle. The HUDCC Housing and Urban Development Coordinating
perimeter of an efficient work triangle should be between 12 5. ONE-WALL Council
and 22 feet or 3.7 and 6.7 meters - this layout is used when a kitchen must be UHLP Unified Home Lending Program
fitted in a long, narrow space such as in small DENR Department of Environmental and Natural
BASIC SHAPES OF THE KITCHEN apartments, cabins or houses where little space is Resources
1. PULLMAN available NHA National Housing Authority
- this shape of kitchen, consisting of a long - the work centers are located in an efficient
corridor with utilities on either side, is often used when although not ideal arrangement. In planning the one- LAWS GOVERNING PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT:
space is at a premium. Doors may be at either end or wall kitchen, the designer must be very careful to avoid
one end only. having the wall too long, and must provide adequate PD 1096 The National Building Code
- this shape of kitchen is unsatisfactory if a storage facilities PD 344 Accessibility Law
considerable traffic passes through the work triangle PD 1185 Fire Code of the Philippines
- a Pullman kitchen produces one of the most LOCATION OF THE KITCHEN PD 957 Subdivision and Condominium Buyers
efficient work triangles of all the arrangement The kitchen must be located near the service entrance Protective Decree:
and near the waste disposal area. If possible, the children’s play Regulates the sale of subdivision Lots and
2. U-SHAPED area should also be visible from the kitchen. The kitchen must Condominium units.
- this type of kitchen has cabinets on three always be adjacent to the dining area or when provided, outdoor
walls, the sink usually in the middle, and the refrigerator dining areas. NATIONAL STANDARDS FOR DRINKING WATER
and stoves on opposite sides. This plan is adaptable for WATER CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES
both small and large rooms GUIDES IN PLANNING A KITCHEN NATIONAL PLUMBING CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES
- in this arrangement, traffic passing through 1. the traffic lane is clear of the work triangle
the kitchen is completely separated from the work 2. the work areas include all necessary appliances and Purpose of the National Building Code (PD 1096)
triangle facilities. Electrical outlets must be provided for the 1. Safeguard Life
- the open space between the sides may be 4’ appliances. There must be adequate storage centers for 2. Health
or 5’ (1.2 or 1.5m) all work areas 3. Property and
3. the kitchen is located adjacent to the dining area and 4. Public Welfare
3. L-SHAPED near the children’s area I. RESIDENTIAL PLANNING:
- probably the most commonly used 4. the work triangle measures less than 22’ or 6.7m BASIC STAGES OF DESIGN:
arrangement, the L-shaped kitchen is efficient because 5. shadowless and glareless light is provided and is 1. Initial Contact with the Client
it allows for two doors without any interruption of concentrated on each work center 2. Preliminary Design Study
countertop area 6. adequate counter space is provided for meal preparation 3. Initial Working Drawings
- this type of plan has continuous counters 7. ventilation is adequate 4. Final Design Considerations
and appliances and equipment on two adjoining walls. 8. the oven/range/stove is separated from the refrigerator 5. Completion of Architectural and Engineering
The work triangle is not often used for other kitchen by at least one cabinet Drawings
facilities, such as dining and laundry 9. working height for counter is 36” or 0.90m 6. Building Permit Procedure
- if the walls of an L-shaped kitchen are too 10. the combination of base cabinets, wall cabinets, and 7. Construction and Job Supervision
long, the efficiency is destroyed appliances provides a consistent standard unit without 8. As Built Plans
gaps or awkward extension or depressions
4. PENINSULA FACTORS AND CONDITIONS AFFECTING THE DESIGN
- the peninsula kitchen is similar to the U 1. Physical and Environmental Factor:
kitchen. However, one end of the U is not enclosed with
a wall. The peninsula is often used to adjoin the kitchen
COMPONENTS OF a. Site - existing site condition (Site analysis)
to the dining or family rooms ARCHITECTURAL SERVICES b. Location – proper zoning of the area.
- this kind of layout may be used only with c. Geographical Location
large rooms. It is called peninsula when the bar runs GOVERNMENT AGENCIES FOR PLANNING: d. Topographic Location
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e. Climate 3. 7 sets Outline Specifications shall open directly to a court, yard, public street or alley,
f. Vegetation (Foliage) – Landscape (trees, plants, shrubs 4. 7 sets Bill of Quantities or Cost Estimate or open water courses.”
etc.) 5. 7 sets Structural Calculations
6. Soil Investigation Report Sizes, Areas and Shapes:
2. Social Factor: Pertains to the social characteristic of 7. Barangay Clearance All rooms are intended for human use, and therefore, should be
the people and its environment. planned according to human scale.
3. Economic Factor: Budget Allocation for the proposed TYPES OF LOT:
project. 1. INTERIOR LOT: Lot located at the interior of a block Orientation:
made accessible from a public street or alley by means of a refers to the position and direction of the sunrise and sunset. It
CLASSIFICATION OF BUILDING TYPES: private access road. also includes the prevailing wind directions in the area for the
1. Residential 2. INSIDE LOT: Non-corner or a single year bound. A brief nap or rest at mid day or in the afternoon is
2. Commercial frontage lot. normally done in the bedroom. Thus, bedroom should not be
3. Institutional oriented facing the afternoon sun. The kitchen, laundry and
4. Industrial 3. CORNER and/or THROUGH LOT bathroom is better oriented west for sunlight kills many types of
5. Recreational 4. Lot bounded on three (3) sides or more sides by public bacteria.
6. Religious open space such as streets, alleys, easement etc.
7. Educational Zoning Laws:
RESIDENTIAL: The zoning ordinance should be consulted first before deciding
BASIC COMPONENTS OF A RESIDENTIAL BUILDING: Sound Planning Considerations on the final site of the house or building.
1. Carport or Garage 1. Distribution
2. Living Room 2. Circulation Height:
3. Dining Room 3. Light and Ventilation A moderate high ceiling allows fresh air circulations, comfortable
4. Kitchen 4. Sizes, areas and shape atmosphere, and preserved aesthetic value of the room. Rooms
5. Bedroom 5. Orientation with low ceiling shall require artificial ventilation.
6. Toilet and Bath 6. Zoning Laws
7. Height Habitable rooms with Natural Ventilation: ceiling height not
SPACE PROGRAMMING: 8. Electrical and Mechanical Facilities less that 2.70 mts.
organizes the plan in order to have a smooth flow of traffic in 9. Location of Doors and Windows
the area. 10. Superstition Rooms with Artificial Ventilation: ceiling height not less that
2.40 mts. For buildings more than 1 storey, the min. ceiling
SPATIAL INTERRELATIONSIP DIAGRAM: Distribution: refers to the placement, location and height for first floor shall be 2.70 mts and the succeeding floors
is the diagram of spaces in planning represented by a arrangement of each room unit in shall be 2.40 mts.
“Bubble Diagram”. relation with each other as to
functions and coordination. Mezzanine floors: shall have a clear ceiling height not less than
COMPLETE ARCHITECTURAL & ENGINEERING WORKING 1.80 mts.
DRAWINGS: Circulation:
1. Architectural relationship of spaces/areas to one another. Electrical layout: The location of convenience outlets
2. Structural should be planned simultaneously with the appliances to be place
3. Sanitary / Plumbing Light and Ventilation: within the area.
4. Electrical There is no substitute for daylight and fresh natural air entering
5. Fire Protection and circulating inside the building. Ideal convenience outlet is installed 30 cm. Above the floor line,
6. Mechanical and not more than 1.00 meter away from the appliances
Sec 808 of the National Building Code on windows opening states served.
CONTRACT DOCUMENTS TO SECURE BUILDING PERMIT: that: “Every room intended for any use and not equipped
1. Copy of TCT and Surveyed lot Plan with artificial ventilation system shall be provided with Location of Doors
2. 7 sets Detailed Architectural and Engineering Drawings window or windows with a total free opening area equal
(Signed and Sealed) to at least 10% of the room floor area, and such window Superstition
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d. Maximum use of the space WINDOW TERMINOLOGY

COMPONENTS OF A RESIDENTIAL BUILDING: SASH –
2. Preservation as to: The members of the upper sash are called top rail, meeting rail
THE LIVING ROOM: A space where guests and visitors are and side rails. The lower sash members are called the meeting
entertained. a. Pressed Condition d. Free from rail, bottom rail and side rails.
dust WINDOW FRAME –
b. Freshness e. The member of the window frame are called top jamb, side
THE DINING ROOM: A space or room where the family Against Filtering jamb, and blind stop (or windbreaker).
seat together for meals and other c. Absence of Moth INTERIOR TRIM – The interior trim and apron cover the crack
gatherings. between the window frame and the interior finished wall.
DOORS AND WINDOWS EXTERIOR CASING – The exterior casing (which may be called
THE KITCHEN: kitchen is a place where: DOORS: an entrance way trim) also covers wall cracks. In addition, it serves as the frame
around the storm sash or screens.
Meals are prepared and cooked TYPES OF DOORS: DRIP CAP – The drip cap prevents water from seeping into the
Food are preserved window head. Note, the drip groove on the underside which
1. FLUSH DOOR:
Food and utensils are stored prevents water from seeping water inward underneath the drip
a smooth surface door having faces which are plane which
Place for eating cap. Flashing can be used in place of wooden drip cap.
conceal its rails and stiles or other structure when used
Place for laundering DOUBLE GLAZING – A second glass pane may be installed on
inside, it is of hollow core, when used for exterior it is of
Place for entertaining the sash creating a dead-air space to provide insulation and
solid core.
Place for child care. prevent condensation on the inside pane.
MULLIONS AND MUNTINS – Mullions are members (usually
2. PANEL DOOR:
TYPES OF KITCHEN LAYOUT vertical) that separates adjacent windows.
a door having stiles, rails and sometimes muntins, which
MUNTINS - are smaller member used to subdivide large glass
form one or more frames around recessed thinner panels.
1. U-Shaped Kitchen areas. Many manufacturers offer removable muntins so that the
2. L-Shaped Kitchen windows maybe subdivided to any taste and maybe removed for
PARTS OF A DOOR:
3. Corridor Type Kitchen easy cleaning.
• Top rail
• Hinge stile
TOILET AND BATH: STAIR TERMINOLOGY:
• Lock stile
BALUSTERS – The thin vertical supports for the handrail of
• Lock rail
Planning consideration: open stairs.
• Bottom rail
1. Convenience BULLNOSE – The first step on an open stair; it has been
• Muntin – a secondary framing member to hold panes
2. Arrangement extended out, forming a semi-circle and often receiving the
within a window or glazed door or an
3. Illumination newel post.
intermediate vertical member that divides the
4. Ventilation CARRIAGE – The rough structural support (usually 2’ x 12”) for
panels of door.
5. Sound Control treads and for riser of wood stairs, sometimes called string or
6. Materials ( Moisture resistant) stringer.
TYPES OF DOOR:
7. Accessibility CLOSED STRINGER – The visible member of the stair that
1. Swing Door abuts the risers and treads and that is not cut to show the profile
CLOSET: A modern closet is designed for the storage of 2. Roll-up Door of stairs.
particular clothing or things of an individual or 3. Accordion Door HANDRAIL – The round or decorative member of a railing
group. 4. Bi-Folding door which is grasped with the hand during ascent or descent.
5. Sliding Door HEADROOM – The narrowest distance between the surface of a
Design Criteria: 6. Sliding Pocket Door tread and any ceiling or header above.
1. Convenience as to : 7. Dutch Door – a hinged door which is divided into two. HOUSE STRINGER – The stringer that has been grooved to
a. Accessibility The upper part can be opened while the lower portion receive the risers and the tread.
b. Visibility is closed. LANDING – The floor between flight of stairs or at the
c. Orderliness 8. French Door termination of stairs.
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NEWEL – The main post of the railing at the bottom of a stair or TYPES OF STAIRS
at changes in the direction ofthe railing.
1. STRAIGHT RUN 2. U – TYPE
NOSING – The round projection of the tread beyond the face of
the riser. DRAWING STAIR DETAILS:
OPEN STRINGER – The stringer that has been cut to fit the 1. Layout Plan of Stairs
profile of the stairs. 2. Layout riser heights
PLATFORM - The intermediate landing between various parts of 3. Layout tread widths
the stair. 4. Complete the detail drawing of stairs.
RAILING – The handrail and the baluster forming the protection
on open stairs. HARDWARE
RISE – The total floor to floor vertical height of a stair.
RISER – The vertical face of the step. HARDWARE: metal products used in construction, such as
RUN – The total horizontal length of a stair including the bolts, hinges, locks, tools etc.
platform. HARDWARE CLASSIFICATION:
STAIRWELL – The enclosed chamber into which the stairs are 3. L-SHAPE 4. L-SHAPE W/ WINDERS
built. 1. FINISHING HARDWARE:
STEP – The combination of one riser and one tread. are hardware such as hinges, locks, catches etc. that has
STRINGER – The inclined member supporting the risers and finished appearance as well as function especially those
treads; sometimes a visible trim member next to the profile of which are used in doors and windows, cabinets etc.
the stairs.
TREAD – The horizontal surface member of each step, usually 2. ROUGH HARDWARE:
hardwood. in building construction, these are hardware that are to be
WINDER – The radiating or wedge shaped treads at runs of concealed on a surface of the structure or finish such as
stairs. bolts, nails screws, spikes, rods and other metal fittings.

Note: Stairs shall be 750mm clear width with a TYPES OF NAILS:

rise 200mm and a minimum run of 200mm
5.DOUBLE L 6.SPIRAL TYPE C.W. – Common Wire nail with head (for strength)
Distance between landings shall not be Box Nail
more than 3.60mts (vertical distance FIN – Finishing Nail (without head)
between landings. Casing Nail – (without head)

Every required stairway shall have a Sizes: 1”, 1 ½”, 2”, 2 ½”, 3”, 3 ½”, 4”, 6”
minimum headroom clearance of 2.00mts
MASONRY NAILS
CONCRETE NAILS – these are nails that can be driven
¾ deep to concrete mortar.

SCREWS:
These are classified according to gauge (diameter), length, head
type and metallic make-up.

BOLTS:
Bolts have threaded shafts that receives nuts. To use them, a
hole is drilled pushing the bolt through and adding the nut.

EXCEPTS FROM THE NATIONAL BUILDING CODE

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(PD 1096) ▪ Multiple dwelling units which includes YARD: A vacant space left between the building and
board and lodging, houses, hotels, the property line.
apartments, monasteries, which
COLOR CODING OF PIPES: accommodates more than 10 YARD R1 R2 R3
STEAM PIPING DIVISION: occupants. (MTS) (MTS) (MTS)
REFRIGERATING DIVISION
3. GROUP C: Education and Recreation FRONT 5.00
• High Pressure – White SIDE 2.00 2.00 2.00
Pipes - Black 4. GROUP D: Institutional REAR 2.00 2.00 2.00
• Exhaust System – Buff
All pipes - Black ▪ Mental Hospitals (Div.1)
▪ Hospitals, Daycare center (Div.2) SET BACK: The vacant space left between the building
WATER PIPING DIVISION: ▪ Nursing Home, Houses for Children and the lot lines 2.00 mts in width.

• Fresh water, low pressure – Blue 5. GROUP E: Business and Mercantile PARKING AND LOADING REQUIREMENTS:
• Fresh water, high pressure – Blue 6. GROUP F: Industrial
• Salt water pipe – Green 7. GROUP G: Storage and Hazardous NOTE:
8. GROUP H: Assembly Size of an average automobile is 2.40 x 5.00 mts.
OIL PIPING DIVISION: 9. GROUP I: Assembly of more than 1000 load or
more • For perpendicular or diagonal parking = 2.00 x 6.00
• Delivery – Brass or Bronze 10. Group J: Accessory mts.
• Discharge – Yellow • A truck or a bus parking shall be at minimum of 3.60 x
12.00 mts.
PNEUMATIC DIVISION: ZONING FOR RESIDENTIAL BUILDING (always verify standards)
1. R-1: Means Low Density Residential Zone: DEFINITION OF TERMS FOR SANITARY AND PLUMBING
• All piping – Gray characterized by single family, single detached
dwellings with the usual community ancilliary uses on BIB Another name for faucet.
GAS DIVISION: a neighborhood scale such as exclusive subdivisions
and relatively exclusive residential communities which BIDET A plumbing fixture designed to facilitate
• All piping – Black are not subdivisions. washing of the perineal area.

FUEL OIL DIVISION: 2. R-2: Means Medium Density Residential Zone: B Water supply piping beginning at the
characterized mainly by medium density housing like UILDING MAIN source of supply and ending at the first
• All piping – Black low and medium rise, multiple family dwellings on a branch inside the building.
limited scale and the usual ancilliary uses on a
barangay scale, such as semi-exclusive subdivisions. BUIDLING Drainage piping which connects the
CLASSIFICATION AND GENERAL REQUIREMENT O FALL STORM DRAIN storm sewer to a drainage system
BUILDINGS BY USE OR OCCUPANCY 3. R-2: Means High Density Residential Zone: which collects rain water, ground water,
characterized as high density housing, such as high and surface run-off.
All buildings proposed for construction shall be identified according to rise condominiums.
their use or the character of its occupancy shall be classified as follows: NOTE: Fire wall for residential bldg. Shall have CHASE A pipe chase. A space or recess in
at least 1 hour fire resistance rating and the walls of the building where
constructed with a minimum clearance pipes are run.
1. GROUP A: Residential Dwellings
of at least 1.00 mts from the apex of
roof. CHECK VALVE A device preventing backflow in pipes.
2. GROUP B: Residential, Hotels and apartments
Water can flow readily in one direction
but any reversal of the flow causes the

check valve to close.
CI Abbreviation of Cast Iron Pipe.
CLEANOUT Removable drainage fitting which
permits access to the inside of drainage
piping for the purpose of removing
obstructions.
CO Abbreviation for cleanout.
CPVC Abbreviation for Chlorinated Polyvinyl
Chloride. A type of pipe use for
distribution of hot water and chemicals.
A vertical pipe usually of sheet metal or
DOWNSPOUT plastic which carries water from the
gutters to the ground or to a storm
drain.
DRAIN Any pipe in the drainage piping system
which carries waste water.
DRAINAGE The complete set of pipe and fittings
SYSTEM which carries waste water from the
fixtures to the building drain.
STORM DRAIN Piping system which carries subsoil and
rainwater from the building to the storm
sewer.
ELBOW A pipe fitting having two openings
which causes a run of pipe to change
directions.
FAUCET A valve whose purpose is to permit
controlled amounts of water to be
obtained form the water pipe as
needed.
FIXTURE A device such as a sink, lavatory,
bathtub, water closet or shower stall.
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FLOOR DRAIN A fitting which is located in the floor used to make plumbing pies and fittings
(generally concrete) to carry waste for water distribution, irrigation and
water into the drainage piping. natural gas distribution.
GALVANIZED Iron which has been coated with zinc to
IRON (GI) prevent rust ROOF DRAIN A drains installed in a flat or nearly flat
roof to receive water and conduct it to
GATE VALVE Used to regulate the flow of water. the leader, downspout or conductor.
When this is fully opened there is no
obstruction in the flow of water.
SANITARY The piping system which carries away
LAV Abbreviation for Lavatory. SEWER wastes.
SEPTIC TANK A water tight tank in a private disposal
LAVATORY A fixture designed for washing hands system which receives household
and face. This is generally installed in sewage. Within the septic tank, solid
the bathroom. matter is separated from the water
before the water is discharged.
MAIN WATER The large water supply pipe to which
LINE the branches are connected.
SINK A fixture commonly used in kitchen.
MAIN SEWER The large sewer to which the building
drains of several houses are connected. VENT The part of the drain, waste, vent
piping which permits air to circulate and
MANHOLE An opening in the sanitary or storm protects the seals and traps from
sewer to permit access. siphonage or backflow.
SOIL PIPE A pipe conveying waste which contains WATER CLOSET A flush plumbing fixture designed to
fecal matter (human waste). receive human excrement.
VERTICAL PIPE Any pipe or part thereof which is WC Abbreviation for water closet.
installed in a vertical position.
WASTE PIPE A pipe which conveys only liquid and
other waste (not fecal matter)
WATER RISER Any water supply pipe which rises
PIPE vertically form a horizontal pipe.
POLYETHELENE Plastic used to make pipes and fittings
primarily for gas piping.
POTABLE WATER Water which is satisfactory for drinking
and for domestic purposes.
PVC Polyvinyl Chloride. A type of plastic