MATCHING INFORMATION

Exercise 1
A. Today, there are more than 350 extant species of parrots. These intelligent birds come in a
variety of sizes and vibrant colours. While they are prized as pets around the world for their
ability to mimic speech, they are not always as beloved in their native lands
B. One good example of this is Australia, which is home to the sulphur-crested cockatoo, a large
parrot with vivid yellow feathers on its head. These birds move in large flocks and have become
a nuisance to local inhabitants. Not only do their chatter and pre-dawn calls disturb humans,
but they are also very destructive. Local farmers and homeowners often complain that they are
decimating crops and destroying timber used in homebuilding by chewing on it. They are also
expanding their territory, which displaces other native bird species.
C. To address these problems, sulphur-crested cockatoos have been declared a pest species in
some areas. This prevents them from being imported into new areas and puts regulations on
their ownership. In some regions, there are also regular culls to keep the populations in check
and to prevent them from damaging the local ecosystem. While these policies may have an
impact, it is unclear whether they will resolve the issue.
Which paragraph contains the following information?
1. a reference to a banning a bird species from certain areas
2. details of how parrots impact humans in terms of noise

Extant (adj) Còn tồn tại Chatter (n) Tiếng hót

Vibrant (adj) Rực rỡ Decimate (v) Phá hoại
Mimic (v) Bắt chước Displace (v) Chiếm nơi ở
Sulphur-crested Vẹt màu vàng Pest (n) Loài gây hại
cockatoo
Nuisance (n) Sự phiền toái Cull Sự sàng lọc

Exercise 2
Which paragraph contains the following information?
30. an example of a country where coral reefs have experienced widespread damage
31. a description of the relationship which develops among creatures who inhabit coral reefs
32. a reference to a successful conservation effort
33. a mention of a change in coral appearance
34. details of the conditions corals need to flourish

Coral reed Rạn san hô Expel (v) Tống ra

Subtropical (adj) Cân nhiệt đới Tissue (n) Mô
Algae (n) Tảo Bleaching (n) Sự tẩy trắng
Submarine (adj) Dưới mặt biển In jeopardy Lâm nguy
Platform (n) Nền Sedimentation (n) Sự đóng cặn
Secrete (v) Tiết ra Oil slick Sự tràn dầu
Exoskeleton (n) Bộ xương ngoài Take a toll on Gây thiệt hại
Symbiosis (n) Sự cộ ng sinh Have Gây ra hậu quả
consequences for
Inhabit (v) Sinh sống ở Revival (n) Sự hồi phục
Shelter (v) Bảo hộ Follow suit Làm theo
Halt (v) Dừng lại

MATCHING HEADING
Exercise 1

List of Headings
i. Opposing views on microfibres
ii. The need to expand the uses of microfibres
iii. The development of a new manmade material
iv. The future applications of a new product

A. In the 20th century, a pioneer in Japan made a technological breakthrough in the production
of soft, and extremely thin, synthetic fibres. These microfibres are finer than a silk thread, or
one hundred times thinner than a human hair. Industrialist Miyoshi Okamoto first produced
these fibres by squeezing two kinds of plastic threads, polyester and nylon, through a small pipe
and heating them so that they weave together. Subsequently, microfibre technology took hold
in the United States and Sweden, where refinements continued to be made, expanding its
potential uses. Today, a wide variety of materials, including rayon and acrylic, have been used
to produce microfibres, which are used in a tremendous number of practical applications, such
as apparel, cleaning cloths, and vehicle upholstery.
B. However, this synthetic technology has also become the source of tremendous controversy.
On the one hand, many people have praised its virtues. For example, cleaning cloths weaved
from these fibres can absorb up to seven times their weight in liquid, and most do not even
require cleaning chemicals. Animal rights activists have even embraced it for limiting
dependence on silk and wool. On the other hand, some people believe that microfibres are
damaging our environment and should be banned. This is because the fine fibres are entering
our water systems in great quantities. In fact, nearly 16 per cent of the plastic recovered from
Lake Michigan was in the form of these petroleum-based plastic filaments.

Microfiber (n) Một loại sợi tổng hợp Refinement (n) Sự cải tiến
có cấu trúc nhỏ
Pioneer (n) Người tiên phong, Apparel (n) Trang phục
người mở đường
Synthetic (adj) Tổng hợp, nhân tạo Upholstery (n) Thảm, bọc
Fine (adj) Nhỏ, mảnh Virtue (n) Điểm mạnh, ưu
điểm
Weave (v) Đan vào Embrace (v) Nắm lấy
Take hold (v) Thâm nhập Filament (n) Sợi nhỏ

List of Headings
i. Various types of care for PTSD patients
ii. Some symptoms of PTSD
iii. The difficulty of detecting PTSD
iv. The meaning and origin of the term PTSD
v. The effect on families
vi. Why meditation helps PTSD
vii. Causes of trauma that can lead to PTSD
Exercise 2

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

A. Post-traumatic stress disorder is a clinical mental illness that was first observed in war A
veterans. The condition results from trauma that is either life threatening. the cause of a
serious injury, or something that the affected person responded to with intense fear,
helplessness or horror. In the 1970s, in the aftermath of the Vietnam War, a behavioural
pattern was observable in many of the returning American soldiers. They were emotionally
distant, irritable, had trouble sleeping and were prone to severe fits of anger. Anti-Vietnam War
activists advocating the troubled veterans coined the term 'post-Vietnam Syndrome to describe
their array of severe psychological symptoms.
B. The type of trauma that leads to PTSD is almost always unexpected, and leaves the person
involved feeling powerless to stop the traumatic event. Situations that are likely to result in
such trauma are varied. Accidents, serious crimes, combat experience and the sudden death of
loved ones can all lead to PTSD. However, not everyone who experiences trauma develops
PTSD, and researchers are still trying to figure out why some people are more susceptible to
this condition.
C. Symptoms of PTSD can include persistent memories or nightmares about a traumatic event,
dissociation from the surrounding world, avoidance of anything related to the trauma and
increased anxiety or 'hyper arousal'. People with PTSD are constantly on guard for danger even
when there is no indication of threat in their immediate environment. This heightened state of
anxiety or irritability has other consequences as well, such as being prone to outbursts of anger
or violent aggression, having difficulties concentrating, and having trouble sleeping.
D. Contrary to common belief, PTSD is a treatable disorder, and there is a range of CH 09
treatments available to PTSD sufferers. Once a patient is diagnosed with PTSD, they are almost
always put on some form of anti-anxiety or anti-depressant medication, which will often be
used in conjunction with some form of therapy. The most effective therapeutic models for PTSD
sufferers are exposure therapy, eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing (EMDR), and
cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT). As the name suggests, exposure therapy involves exposing
the patient to their trauma in a safe environment so that they can become desensitised. EMDR
combines exposure therapy with guided eye movements that help individuals process
traumatic memories. CBT, on the other hand, teaches patients skills such as relaxation and
mindfulness techniques that help them deal with their memories of trauma more effectively.
Although these treatments can be highly effective, many victims of PTSD will experience painful
relapses during the course of their lives; ensuring the long-term availability of care and support
is thus of paramount importance.

Post – traumatic stress Hậu chấn tâm lý Anxiety (n) Sự lo lắng, lo âu

disorder (phr)
War veteran (phr) Cựu chiến binh Hyper arousal Kinh động quá độ
(phr)
Aftermath (n) Hậu quả On guard Nổ, sự bộc phát
Irritable (adj) Dễ cáu kỉnh Desensitise (v) Làm giảm sự nhảy
cảm
 Prone (adj) Có xu hướng Mindfulness Kỹ thuật chánh
technique (phr) niệm (tập trung
hoàn toàn vào
một sự việc)
Advocate (v) ủng hộ Relapse (n) Sự tái phát bệnh
Susceptible (adj) Dễ bị ảnh hưởng, dễ bị Paramount (adj) Tối quan trọng
tổn thương
Dissociation (n) Sự cô lập

MATCHING FEATURES
Exercise 1
fdgggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggggg
Prolong (v) Kéo dài Ferment (v) Lên men
Repellent (n) Thuốc chống/ trừ (sâu Malt (n) Mạch nha
bọ, động vật,…)
Compound (n) Hợp chất Cloying (adj) Ngọt quá mức
Aversion (n) Sự ghét, ác cảm Fizzy (adj) Có ga, sủi bọt
Agent (n) Chất Tonic (n) Thuốc bổ
Brew (v) ủ, chế, pha (trà) Concoction (n) Thuốc pha chế
Hop (n) Cây hoa bia (dùng để Ease (v) Làm diu, giảm
tạo vị đắng cho bia)
Impart (v) Truyền cho Seasickness (n) Sự say song
Exercise 2

Preadole

Docile (a
Amenabl
Undergo

Sentence completion
Exercise 1
Consensus (n) Sự đồng tâm The disadvantaged Người yếu thế
Initiative (n) Sự khởi xướng Impoverished (adj) Nghèo khó
 Bottomline (phr) Lợi nhuận Undertake (v) Thực hiện
Patronize (v) Bảo trợ

Exercise 2
Pidgin(n) Tiếng lai Encroachment (n) Sự xâm lấn
Bartering (n) Hàng đổi hàng Plantation (n) Đồn điền
Seize (v) Bắt giữ Folklorist(n) Nhà nghiên cứu
truyền thống dân
gian
Approximated (adj) Xấp xỉ Part of speech (n) Từ loại
Spontaneously (adv) Tự ý Superficial (adj) Hời hợt
Indispensable (adj) Ko thể thiếu Colloquial (adj) Thông tục