4.

1 AC Single Phase Concentric Winding Diagrams

Example 4.1

Develop a single phase concentric winding for a 4 pole AC Machine having 24 slots with one coil side per
slot.

Solution

Slots 24
From equation 3.1, pole pitch = = =6
poles 4

From equation 3.7, the pitch for larger coil = 6 – 1 = 5

From equation 3.8, the pitch for smallest coil = 1

The winding is started from the starting end of the middle coil in the first North Pole, ie., coil side 4. The
back end of the coil side 4 is connected to the back end of the coil side 9, ie., pitch for larger coil is
added to coil side 4. The front end of the coil side 9 is connected to front side of coil side 5 to form
concentric winding. Following the above procedure, Table 4.1 gives the complete winding table for 4
pole 24 slot AC Machine.

Table 4.1 Winding Table for 4 pole, 24 slot AC Machine

S.No Front End Coil Side Back End Coil side

1 4 4+5= 9
2 9–4= 5 5+3= 8
3 8–2= 6 6+1= 7
4 7+6= 13 13 – 1 = 12
5 12 + 2 = 14 14 – 3 = 11
6 11 + 4 = 15 15 – 5 = 10
7 10 + 6 = 16 16 + 5 = 21
8 21 – 4 = 17 17 + 3 = 20
9 20 – 2 = 18 18 + 1 = 19
10 19 + 6 = 1 25 – 1 = 24
11 24 + 2 = 2 26 – 3 = 23
12 23 + 4 = 3 27 – 5 = 22

Draw 24 solid lines of equal length at equal distance. This represents the number of slots. This also
represents the number of coils, as this is a single layer winding. Then assign numbers to the top side of
the coils, as shown in Fig. 4.1. With reference to Table 4.1, complete the winding diagram.
 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16177 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
N1 S1 N2 S2

Fig. 3.12 Concentric Winding

4.2 Table Fan Winding Diagram

4.3 Ceiling Fan Winding Diagram

Example 4.3

Develop a winding diagram for a 4 pole, 24 stator slots ceiling fan.

Solution

1 2 T5 T3 T1 3 4
T45 T43 T41

1 3 5 7 99 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 45 47

2 4 6 8 109 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 46 48

T47 T45 T43

T5 T3 T1
 1 2 34
45 5
43 3
41 1
1 3 5 7 99 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 45 47
N

2 4 6 8 109 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 46 48
47 1
45 3
43 5

4.4 AC Three Phase Diamond Coil Winding Diagram

4.5 AC Three Phase Concentric Winding Diagram

4.6 DC Armature Lap Winding Diagram

Draw the winding diagram for a 2 pole, 6 slot simplex lap connected dc machine with commutator
having 6 segments. Indicate the position of brushes.

Solution

6
Slots per pole = =3
2

Number of coils, C = number of commutator segments = 6

Number of coil sides = 2C = 12

12
Therefore, coil sides per slot = =2
6

2C 12
From equation 3.2, the back pitch, Y b = ± K = ± K =6+1=7 (odd integer)
P 2

From equation 3.3, the winding Pitch, Y = +2 for progressive winding (even integer)
From equation 3.5, the front pitch, Yf = Yb – Y = 7 – 2 = 5 (odd integer)

Starting with coil side 1 (back end side), back pitch is added to obtain the bottom layer coil side, ie., 8
(back end side). To the coil side 8 (front end side), front pitch is subtracted to obtain the top layer coil
side, ie., 3 (front end connection). Proceeding in similar way, all the coil sides are connected and a
winding table, as shown in Table 4.6.

Table 4.6 : Winding table for 2 pole, 6 slot simplex lap winding

S.No. Top coil side (-Yf) Bottom coil side (+Yb)

1 1 8
2 3 10
3 5 12
4 7 2
5 9 4
6 11 6

To draw the main winding diagram, first draw 6 solid vertical lines (equal to no. of coils) of equal length
and equal distance. Next, draw 6 dotted lines nearer to the solid lines of same length and distance, as
shown in Fig. 4.11.

Assign odd numbers to the top layer coil sides of the solid lines and even numbers to the bottom layer
coil sides of the dotted lines.

Give the back end and front end connections with reference to the Table 4.6. Then, draw solid vertical
lines (equal to no. of coils) from the top mid-point of each front end connections, as shown in Fig. 4.11.

Represent commutator segments (equal to no. of coils) by rectangular boxes below the front end
connections, as shown in Fig. 4.11.

Divide the armature slots (or coils) by the number of poles. This gives the allocation of coil sides to pole
regions. In this example, the number of slots are 6 and number of poles are 2. So, the north pole, N
region, covers first 3 coils (say 1 to 6) in Fig. 4.11. The south pole, S covers coil sides 7 to 12.

Find the current direction by applying Fleming’s right hand rule, when the mode of operation is a
generator and Fleming’s left hand rule, when the mode of operation is a motor. Or the current direction
to all coil sides can be arbitrarily assumed. Mark downward current direction for the coil sides under the
north pole regions and upward current direction under south pole regions, as shown in Fig. 4.11.

7 9 11 2 4 6
Back end coil sides

1 3 5 7 9 11

N S

2 4 6 8 10 12 2 4
Front end coil sides

9 11
 Commutator segments
1 2 3 4 5 6
+ -

A AA
Fig. 4.11 Main winding diagram

To fix the brush arm positions and to find the number of parallel paths offered by the armature winding,
commutator ring diagram is used, as shown in Fig. 4.12.

1 3 5 7 9 11 1

8 10 12 2 4 6

- +
Fig. 4.12 Commutator ring diagram

Draw the vertical solid lines equal to number of coil sides and join them with reference to Table 4.6, as
shown in Fig. 4.12. Also mark the current direction through the coil sides with reference to main
winding diagram in Fig. 4.11.

Look for adjacent pair of coil sides having the same current direction. For coil sides 12 and 7 carry which
carry upward currents, mark negative brush arm, and for coil sides 6 and 1 carry downward currents,
mark positive brush arm, as shown in Fig. 4.12. Brush arms should be equal to the number of poles.

Now, transfer the brush arms to the main winding diagram. Mark positive brush arm below the
commutator segment 1, where the coil sides 1 and 6 meet. Similarily, mark negative brush arm below
the commutator segment 4, where the coil sides 2 and 12 meet. Tap out two leads and mark A for
positive brush arm and AA for negative brush arms. These two leads now indicate the armature
terminals of a dc machine.

To decide the number of parallel paths offered by the lap winding, redraw Fig. 4.12 as shown in Fig.
4.13.
 1 8 3 10 5 12

+ 6 11 4 9 2 7 -

IA IA

A Fig. 4.13 Parallel paths for 2 pole 6 slot simplex lap winding AA

From Fig. 3.13, it can be seen that the number of parallel paths in a lap winding, will be equal to number
of poles.

A=P

where A = number of parallel paths

P = number of poles

The current through each armature coil / conductor will be the ratio of the total armature current by the
number of parallel paths, ie.,

IA
I=
A

where I = current through each armature conductor/coil

IA = total armature current

A = number of parallel paths

4.7 DC ARMATURE WAVE WINDING DIAGRAM

Draw the winding diagram for a 2 pole, 6 slot simplex wave connected dc machine with commutator
having 12 segments. Indicate the position of brushes.

Solution

6
Slots per pole = =3
2

Number of coils, C = number of commutator segments = 6

Number of coil sides = 2C = 12

 12
Therefore, coil sides per slot = =2
6

2C 12
From equation 3.2, the back pitch, Y b = ± K = ± K =6−1=5 (odd integer)
P 2

2 C ± 2m 12−2
Y= = =10
From equation 3.4, the winding Pitch, P 1 (even integer)
2

Here m = 1 for simplex wave winding.

From equation 3.6, the front pitch, Yf = Y – Yb =10 –5 = 5 (odd integer)

Starting with coil side 1 (back end side), back pitch is added to obtain the bottom layer coil side, ie., 6
(back end side). To the coil side 11 (front end side), front pitch is added to obtain the top layer coil side,
ie., 4 (16-12) (front end connection). Proceeding in similar way, all the coil sides are connected and a
winding table, as shown in Table 4.7.

Table 4.7 : Winding table for 2 pole, 6 slot simplex wave winding

S.No. Top coil side (+Yf) Bottom coil side (+Yb)

1 1 6
2 11 4
3 9 2
4 7 12
5 5 10
6 3 8

To draw the main winding diagram, first draw 8 solid vertical lines (equal to no. of coils) of equal length
and equal distance. Next, draw 8 dotted lines nearer to the solid lines of same length and distance, as
shown in Fig. 4.14.

Assign odd numbers to the top layer coil sides of the solid lines and even numbers to the bottom layer
coil sides of the dotted lines.

Give the back end and front end connections with reference to the Table 4.6. Then, draw solid vertical
lines (equal to no. of coils) from the top mid-point of each front end connections, as shown in Fig. 4.14.

Represent commutator segments (equal to no. of coils) by rectangular boxes below the front end
connections, as shown in Fig. 4.14.

Divide the armature slots (or coils) by the number of poles. This gives the allocation of coil sides to pole
regions. In this example, the number of slots are 8 and number of poles are 2. So, the north pole, N
region, covers first 4 coils (say 1 to 8) in Fig. 4.14. The south pole, S covers coil sides 9 to 16.
Find the current direction by applying Fleming’s right hand rule, when the mode of operation is a
generator and Fleming’s left hand rule, when the mode of operation is a motor. Or the current direction
to all coil sides can be arbitrarily assumed. Mark downward current direction for the coil sides under the
north pole regions and upward current direction under south pole regions, as shown in Fig. 4.14.

Back end coil sides

9 11 1 3 5 7 9 11 2 4

N S

8 10 12 2 4 6 8 10 12 1 3 5
Front end coil sides

Commutator segments
1 2 3 4 5 6
+ -

A AA
Fig. 4.14 Main winding diagram for 2 pole 6 slot simplex wave machine

To fix the brush arm positions and to find the number of parallel paths offered by the armature winding,
commutator ring diagram is used, as shown in Fig. 4.15.
+ -

1 11 9 7 5 3 1

6 4 2 12 10 8

Fig. 4.15 Commutator ring diagram

Draw the vertical solid lines equal to number of coil sides and join them with reference to Table 4.6, as
shown in Fig. 4.15. Also mark the current direction through the coil sides with reference to main
winding diagram in Fig. 4.15.

Look for adjacent pair of coil sides having the same current direction. For coil sides 7 and 12 carry which
carry upward currents, mark negative brush arm, and for coil sides 1 and 6 carry downward currents,
mark positive brush arm, as shown in Fig. 4.15. Brush arms should be equal to the number of poles.

Now, transfer the brush arms to the main winding diagram. Mark positive brush arm below the
commutator segment 1, where the coil sides 1 and 6 meet. Similarily, mark negative brush arm below
the commutator segment 4, where the coil sides 7 and 12 meet. Tap out two leads and mark A for
positive brush arm and AA for negative brush arms. These two leads now indicate the armature
terminals of a dc machine.

To decide the number of parallel paths offered by the wave winding, redraw Fig. 4.15 as shown in Fig.
4.16.

1 6 11 4 9 2

+ 7 12 5 10 3 8 -

IA IA

A Fig. 3.16 Parallel paths for 2 pole 6 slot simplex wave winding AA

From Fig. 3.16, it can be seen that the number of parallel paths in a wave winding, will be equal to
number of poles.

A=P

where A = number of parallel paths

P = number of poles

The current through each armature coil / conductor will be the ratio of the total armature current by the
number of parallel paths, ie.,

IA
I=
A

where I = current through each armature conductor/coil

IA = total armature current

 A = number of parallel paths

4.8 Simplex Winding

4.9 Multiplex Winding