PSY 2E

CHILD and
ADOLESCENT
DEVELOPMENT
PSY 2E | | |
DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) Homozygous Genes Both parents contributed
SIMILAR genes for a trait
Determine inherited characteristics Heterozygous
Genes Both parents contributed
DIFFIRENT genes for a trait MALES: XY
Genes
Plays major role/ X from mother
Interacts through Y from father
From parents to offspring Child’s characteristics – interaction of
development
genes on the 2 chromosomes
Unique FEMALES: XX
Heredity genetic Autosomes X from mother
Mechanisms
Environment makeup - Non-sex chromosomes X from father

Gametes – 23 Chr
reproductive First 22 pairs (44 chromosomes)
Conditions inside &
outside that influence cells/ sex cells Sex chromosomes
the child’s behavior 23rd pair (2 chromosomes) -determines the child’s gender
Factors
Human egg/ Sperm
100,000 genes
2 different eggs fertilized
by 2 different sperm
Human Total of 46
chromosomes Dizygotic (fraternal twins)

Development Union of 1 egg & 1 sperm split

in two after conception
Monozygotic (identical twins)
Zygote

Stages
[see page 3/3]
Prenatal Concepcion to birth Periods of Prenatal
Development
[see page 2/3]
Infancy & toddlerhood
Birth – 2 years
Early childhood
2 – 6 years old
Infancy Stage
Middle/ late childhood (Birth – 2 weeks)
6 – 12 years old Toddler/ [see page 3/3]
Babyhood Stage
Adolescence (2 weeks – 2 years)
12 – 18 years old
[see page 3/3]
Adulthood
18 – Death

Early Middle Late

PSY 2E | | |
# Period Stage
Underdeveloped 47 Chr
Down syndrome Turner & Klinefelter
Women’s reproductive system
1 Ovulation syndrome
menstrual cycle
24 hrs. after Fertilization (meeting of
2
ovulation gametes) Low birth weight, Difficulty in getting pregnant
12 – 14 yrs. old 40’s & 50’s
Chromosomes from gametes
Premature births
3 24 – 30 hours
unite
Stillbirths, Miscarriage
4 Start of Meiosis
Stress Nutrition Mother’s age
5 36 hours 2 cells Viruses
Measles cause blindness
6 42 hours 4 cells
7 3 days Cluster of 16 – 32 cells Teratogens Environmental Hazards
8 4 days Hollow ball of about 100 cells
Germinal Stage/
9 4 – 5 days Zygote enters the uterus General Risk Chemicals/ Drugs
Period of Zygote
10 6 – 7 days Attach to uterine wall
(Week 1 – 2) Factors Chemicals Effect
Completely implanted in uterine
11 12 – 14 days Retarded growth, cerebral
wall
Lead, Mercury, palsy, leukemia, mental
Period of X-rays disability, impaired memory &
Zygote travels
from fallopian
Inner layer New human Embryo Periods of verbal skills
Fetal alcohol syndrome,
(Week 3 – 8)
Prenatal
being Alcohol cognitive deficits, heart
tube to uterine
damage, retarded growth
wall
Outer layer
3 Layers of Embryo
Development Aspirin
Deficits in intelligence,
attention, motor skills
Fills with fluid Amniotic sac Lower birth weight, decreased
Caffeine
Outer layer of skin muscle tome

Ectoderm Cocaine & Retarded growth, irritability in

Connects the Placenta Period of Heroin newborns
embryo to the Teeth, nails, hair
placenta
Fetus Lower birth weight, less motor
Umbilical cord Mesoderm Marijuana
Sensory organs (Week 9 – Birth) control
Lower birth weight, Cognitive
Endoderm Nicotine
Source of Nervous system impairments
baby’s
nourishment Salivary glands Week 9
Inner layer of skin Differentiation of ovaries & testes
Internal organs
Skeleton Week 12
Circulatory system begins to function
Digestive &
respiratory Muscles Week 16 Movement felt by mother
system
Inner layer of skin
Liver, pancreas Week 32 Age of viability
Excretory & circulatory system
PSY 2E | | |

Period of the Partunate Birth to 15 – 30 mins after birth

Periods of Prenatal
Cutting & tying of the umbilical cord to 2 weeks
Development Period of the Neonate
(see page 2/3)

Age of rapid growth & change

Infancy Stage
Concepcion to birth
Reproductive Age (Birth – 2 weeks) True Foundation Age – Behavior patterns,
Settling down age attitudes & emotional expressions are
Time of Value change Toddler/ established
Prenatal Birth – 2 years Babyhood Stage
(2 weeks – 2 years)
Infancy & toddlerhood
Early Age of increased individuality
Time of achievement
Adjustments to:
& evaluation
Time of empty nest Age of decreasing dependency

Stages of Temperature
changes
Beginning of socialization
Middle
18 – Death Human Sucking & Swallowing
Period of decline Adulthood Development
Elimination
Late
Breathing
12 – 18 years old
2 – 6 years old
Adolescence
Early childhood Early Middle/ Late
Transitional Period Troublesome age due to Troublesome age due to
6 – 12 years old development of distinctive influence of peers &
Time of Unrealism personalities siblings
Middle/ late childhood
Toy Age Play Age
Threshold of Adulthood
Preschool Age Elementary Age

Time of Search for Identity Pre-gang Age Gang Age

Questioning Age Age of Conformity
Period of change – Pubertal Change
Critical period in
Exploratory/ Creative Age
achievement drive
Possessive Age
ASSESS 1 | NOTES |

Summary
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