SUBJECT: SOCIAL STUDIES V

Unit 2 : Physical Regions Of Pakistan (long questions)

I. What do you know about the upper and lower Indus Plain?
Ans: Upper Indus Plain:
- It starts from the eastern border of Pakistan and towards the Koh-e-Sulaiman in the west.
- It is formed by the fertile soil of rivers.
- It is almost a flat plain.
- It has one of the best canal networks in the world.
- It is irrigated by the 5 rivers.
Lower Indus Plain:
- It is southern part of Punjab and most part of Sindh.
- It has only irrigated by River Indus.
- It has several canals such as near Guddu, Sukkur and Kotri.
- It is also made up of soft and fertile soil but due to lack of rainfall most of the land is uncultivated and
forced the local population to live as gypsies.
II. Describe the characteristics of Indus Plain?
Characteristics of the Indus Plain:
- The Indus Plain is located throughout most of Punjab and the central part of Sindh.
- It can be divided into two parts:
1- Upper Indus Plain
2- Lower Indus Plain
- The Northern part of Indus Plain is comparatively higher than the Southern part.
- It flows towards the sea in a gentle slope.
- It is irrigated by five main rivers.
- It is suitable for cultivation of every type of crop.
- It has the best canal system of the world.
- It has signs of one of the most ancient civilization of the world.
III. Write a note on mountainous regions of Pakistan. (additional)
Ans. Pakistan has two types of mountain ranges:
1- Northern Mountains
2- North- western Mountains
Northern mountains:
- This range includes Himalaya and Karakoram mountains.
- These are snow covered mountains.
- The most beautiful valleys of Pakistan are located here.
- The second-highest peak „K-2‟ is also located here.
North-western Mountains:
- This range includes „Koh-i-Suleman‟ and „Koh-i-Kirthar‟ mountains.
- The mountains are barren and dry.
- The mountains have natural paths which are called passes.
- These passes connect us with Iran and Afghanistan.

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Unit 3: Climate of Pakistan (long question)

I. Briefly discuss the monsoon winds

Ans. There are 2 kinds of monsoon winds:

1. Summer monsoon winds:

1. These winds blow from sea to land.
2. They are full of moisture due to which they cause rainfall.
3. These winds generate from Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal.
4. Summer monsoon winds blow from July to August.
2. Winter monsoon winds:
1. These winds blow from land to sea.
2. Winter winds are mostly dry as a result these don‟t bring rainfall.
3. These winds blow from December to January.

II. What is a cyclone? Give a short account.

Ans. Cyclone is a fast blowing wind in a circular motion which covers several km of area.
Reason for formation:
Sometimes at a particular place temperature rises sharply due to air pressure. But the air pressure
in the surrounding areas remains high. In this way the wind starts blowing very fast to the areas with
low pressure. These winds become hot in low pressure areas and start rising up. Due to this the air
from the surroundings (having high pressure) takes their place. When it becomes hot the winds
start to move in a circular motion causing a cyclone.
III. How does climate effect on the life of people.
Ans. Climate effects the life setup of people in the following ways:
- In summer season:
i) People wear light and thin clothes.
ii) They eat light food.
iii) They use cold drinks, juices, lassi, shakes, ice etc.
iv) They like to spend their time under shady and cold places.
- In winter season:
i) People wear warmer, woolen and thick fabrics.
ii) They eat heavy and fried food.
iii) They use tea, coffee, soups etc.
They like to spend their time in sunny and warm places.
(short questions additional)
Q. What is climate?
Ans. Climate is an average weather condition of an area for a long period of time.

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 Q. How many climatic elements are there? Name them.
Ans. There are 4 main climatic elements
o Temperature
o Rainfall
o Air pressure
o Winds
Q. Name the hottest places of Pakistan.
Ans. The hottest places of Pakistan are:
o Jacobabad
o Sibbi
o Multan
o Muzafargarh
Q Name the coldest places of Pakistan.
Ans. The coldest places of Pakistan are:
- Murree
- Nathia gali
- Kaghan
- Swat
- Ziarat
Q. What is the meaning of Monsoon?
Ans. The word Monsoon means seasonal prevailing winds which blow during summers and winters.
Q. What are the summer and winter monsoon winds called?
Ans. The summer monsoon winds are called south-west monsoon winds while the winter winds are called
north-east monsoon winds.
Q. What is a cyclone?
Ans. Cyclone is a fast blowing wind in a circular motion which covers several km of area.

Q. What is the source of winter rainfall in Balochistan?

Ans. The winter rainfall in Balochistan is caused by a cyclone generated in the Mediterranean Sea.
Q. What is global warming?
Ans . when the temperature of the earth is increasing due to pollution and smoke, it is called global
warming.
Q. Use the table below to state the temperature for the month of July.

Temperature Description
40⁰C and above Very hot
31⁰C- 39⁰C Hot
21⁰C- 30⁰C Warm
10⁰C- 20⁰C Mild
3⁰C- 9⁰C Cool
-5⁰C- 2⁰C Cold
Below -5⁰C Very cold
Ans. Individual activity

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 Q. Write a short note on “Greenhouse effect”.
Ans. When the saplings of plants are kept in rooms made up of plastic sheets, these rooms are called”
greenhouses”. When the sunrays enter the greenhouse, these are trapped inside. So the temperature of
greenhouse increases. This is called “greenhouse effect”.
Q. How to reduce the negative impacts of human activities n the environment?
Ans. To reduce the negative impact of human activities on the environment a number of things can be
done:
o We should plant more trees and grow more greenery.
o The vehicles which discharge smoke should be used after proper repair to reduce air pollution.
o The environment should be kept clean in order to avoid diseases.
o Instruments should be fixed in industries to reduce hazards caused by the emission of their
smoke.
UNIT 4: HISTROY (Short Qs)
Q1. Define Solar or Christian calendar.
Solar calendar relates to the revolution of the Earth around the Sun. it starts from the birth of Christ. It
has 12 months in a year.
Q2: Define Lunar or Islamic calendar.
Lunar calendar relates to the revolution of the Moon around the Earth. It starts from the Hijrat of Hazrat
Muhammad to Madina. It has 12 months is a year.
Q3: Define Leap year.
A year which has 29 days in February is called “Leap Year”. It has 366 days. It comes after every four
years.
Q4: What is the difference between Decade, Century and Millennium?
Decade means 10 years, century means 100 years, Millennium means 1000 years.
Q5: What is meant by two nation theory?
Two nation theory means that Hindus and Muslims are two separate nations.
(Long Qs)
Q1: Describe the services of Sir Syed Ahmed Khan.
Educational services:
Sir Syed Ahmed Khan asked the Muslims to get modern and scientific education. For this
purpose he established many schools and colleges in Aligarh.
Political services:
i. He organized the Muslims to get their rights from the British government.
ii. He used the word “nation” for the Muslims. Infact he was the founder of “Two nation theory”.
iii. He asked the Muslims to have friendly relations with the British government as it was not
possible to defeat them with power.
Social services:
i. He asked the Muslims to get rid of useless traditions.
ii. He asked them to adopt scientific thinking.
iii. He asked them to adopt good manners and habits.
Q2: Describe the establishment of Indian National Congress.
Background: There was a great communication gap between the local people and the British
government. It was needed to have a platform to solve that problem.
Establishment of the party: For this purpose A.O. Hume (A British) established a political party
“Indian National Congress” in 1885.
Result:
 The British government supported the party.

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  The Hindu leaders joined it and very soon they got complete control and authority in the party.
 The Muslim leaders joined it in the beginning but they left it as the Hindu leaders started to
oppose the rights of the Muslims.
Q3: Write a note on “All India Muslims League”.
Background: The Muslims of subcontinent felt that there was no political party which could fight for
their rights. So they decided in an annual meeting at Dhaka to form their own political party in 1906.
Establishment: “All Indian Muslims League” was formed for this purpose.
Objectives:
i. To cooperate with the British government.
ii. To protect the rights of the Muslims.
iii. To make friendly relations with other nations.
Q4: Write a note on the Lucknow pact.
 In 1916 on agreement was signed between “All Indian Muslim League” and “Indian National
Congress”. It is called “Lucknow Pact”.
 Both parties decided to cooperate with each other in political and social issues.
 In this agreement Hindu Leaders accepted the demand of the Muslims for “Separate Electorate”
which was a great success.
 Quaid-e-Azam made great efforts for this agreement that‟s why he got the title of “Ambassador
of Hindu Muslim Unity”.
Q5: What do you know about the “Lahore Resolution”?
Lahore Resolution was passéd on 23rd March 1940 in Lahore. It demanded a separate homeland for
the Muslims of the subcontinent. Quaid-e-Azam presided over gathering. The resolution was presented by
“Moulvi Fazl-ul-Haq”. Minar-e-Pakistan was built at the same place after creation of Pakistan.
Q: Fill in the blanks.
a. A leap year has 29 days in February.
b. A decade contains 10 years.
c. There are 100 years in a century.
d. The Muslim league was found in 1906.
e. Quaid-e-Azam was given the title of “Ambassador od Hindu-Muslim Unity”.
f. The last viceroy of India was Lord Mount Betten.
Unit 5: Federal System of Government (Additional Long Qs)
Q1: Describe the structure of Federal Government of Pakistan?
Federal government of Pakistan has the following structure.

Legislature Executive Judiciary

Legislature:
 It makes laws for the country.
 It is called “Parliament”.
 Its members are called MNAs.
Executive:
 It enforces law.
 Its head is called Prime Minister.
Judiciary:
 It explains laws.
 It is called “Supreme court”.
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  Its head is called Chief Justice of Pakistan.

Q2: Write a note on senate. (additional)

 The senate is a legislature body.
 It makes laws for the country.
 It is the upper house of the parliament.
 Its head is called “chairman”.
 Its members are elected by MNAs and MPAs.
 The total seats of senate are 104.
 The seats are equally distributed among the provinces.
 The age of senator should not be less than 30 years.
(Short Qs)
Q1: What is the name of the highest court of Pakistan?
The name of the highest court of Pakistan is Supreme Court.
Q2: Who takes our problems to the government?
MNAs and MPAs take our problems to the government.
Q3: What is the head of the Supreme Court of Pakistan called?
The head of the Supreme Court is called Chief Justice of Pakistan.
Q4: Tell the number of the members of National Assembly.
The number of members of National Assembly is 342.
Q5: Write any four rights of citizens according to the constitution of 1973. (additional)
 Right to vote.
 Right to have religious freedom.
 Right to have freedom to write and speak.
 Right to sell and buy property.
Q6: What is the difference between Federal and Provincial government? (additional)
Federal government Provincial government
The Federal government is responsible for the foreign Provincial government is responsible for the services
policy, defence, currency and central planning for the like health care, education, employment, housing,
country. transportation etc. for the province.