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MODULE 3: PRACTICE OF PHARMACY(17.

5%) 1

Pharmaceutical Calculations �1 (2%) (0.25%)(30 ��)


=
2 2
Q1= 3.75 mL
Conc. Acid= % w/w 3) How many mL of water should be added to 100 mL
Diluted Acid= % w/v of a 1:125 w/v solutions to make a solution such that
25 mL diluted to 100 mL yields 1:4000 dilution?
Usually official diluted acids are 10% w/v strength Q1C1 = Q2C2
25 mL (C1) = (100 mL) (0.025%)
Except diluted acetic acid; BP (6%) C1= 0.1%
1. How many mL 37% w/w HCl having a sp.gr. of 1.20 are
required to make 1000 mL of diluted HCl acid 10% w/v? Q1C1=Q2C2
�1 �1 = �2 �2 Q1(0.1%) = 100 mL (0.8%)
�1 37% 1.20 = (1000 ��)(10%) Q1= 800 mL
�1 (44.4) 10, 000
= VH2O= 800 mL-100 mL= 700 mL
44.4 44.4
� = 225 �� 4) How much drug should be used in preparing 50 mL
2. How many mL of 85% w/w phosphoric acid having of solution such that 5 mL diluted to 50 mL total of
sp.gr. of 1.71 should be used in preparing 1 gal of 0.25% 1:1000 dilution?
w/v phosphoric acid solution to be used for bladder Q1C1= Q2C2
5 ��(�1 ) 500 �� (0.1%)
irrigation? =
�1 85% 1.71 = (3.785 ��)(0.25%) 5 5
10 �
�1 (145.35) 0.94625 C1= 10% or 100 ��
= 10 �
145.35 145.35
× 5 �� = 0.5 �
�1 = 6.51 �� 100 ��
0.5 � �
Stock solution =
5 �� 80 ��
�=5�
- Always Q1 and C1
1) How many mL of 1:400 w/v stock solution should be MEQ- represents the amount, in mg, of a solute equal to 1000 of
1

used to make 4L of 1:2000 w/v solutions?


its gram eq.wt. taking into account the valence of the ions.
Q1C1=Q2C2
Q1 (0.25%) = 4000 mL (0.05%) �� ��
Formula: 1 ��� = ������� �� �� ��� = 74.5 �
Q1= 800 mL �
1
2) How many mL of 1:50 (2%) stock solution of = × 74.5 � = 0.0745 �
1000
ephedrine sulfate should be used in compounding = 74.5 ��
the following prescription?
MODULE 3: PRACTICE OF PHARMACY(17.5%) 2

�� �� ���� = 58.5 � 73.5 �� 4 ���


=
1
1 ��� ��
1000
× 58.5 � = 0.0585 � = 58.5 ��
294 ��
� ��
= ��
���� ���� 294 �� 1�
1.) A physician prescribes 10 meq of KCl for a patient. How ×
�� 1000 ��
many milligrams of KCl would provide the prescribed 0.294 �
quantity? =
��
74.5 ��
1 ��� =
1 5.) A solution contains 10 mg/100 mL of K+ ions. Express the
1 ��� = 74.5 ��
1 ��� 10 ��� conc. in meq/L, Atomic weight K=39 g /mol
= 39 ��
74.5 �� � 1 ��� = = 39 ��
1
� = 745 �� 1 ��� 10 �� 1000 �� 2.56 ���
2.) If a patient is prescribed 300 mg KCl, what is the × × =
39 �� 100 �� 1� �
corresponding meq?
1 ��� = 74.5 ��
74.5 �� 300 �� Moles, millimoles, micromoles
=
1 ��� �
� = 4.03 ��� 1 mole= 1000 mmol
3.) A patient to receive 2 meq of NaCl. If the patient kg 1 mmole=1000 micromole
weights 132 lbs, how many mL of 0.9% NaCl solution
should be administered? (MW=58.5) 1 g/mole= 1 mg/mmol
58.5 ��
1 ��� = = 58.5 �� 1) How many millimoles of monobasic Na phosphate
1
1 �� (MW=138) are present in 100 g of the substance?
1.32 �� × = 60 �� 138 � 100 �
2.2 ��� =
2 ��� 58.5 �� ���� ����
× 60 �� = 120 ��� × = 7020 �� 1 ����
�� 1 ��� � = 0.725 ���� × = 72.5 ����
1 ����
100 �� 2) How many mg would 1 mmol of monobasic NaPO4
7.02 � × = 780 �� weigh? (MW=138)
0.9 �
138 � 138 �
4.) What is the conc. in g/mL of a solution containing 4 =
���� ����
mcg Calcium chloride per mL? (MW=147)
3) If lactate ringers injection contains 20 mg CaCl2 ∙ 2H2O
147 ��
1 ��� = = 73.5 �� in each 100 mL (MW=147)
2
MODULE 3: PRACTICE OF PHARMACY(17.5%) 3

a) Calculate the mmol of Ca present.  NaCl→ 1 Na + 1 Cl =2


147 �� 20 ��  KCl→ 1 K + 1 Cl= 2
=
���� �  CaCl2→1 Ca + 2 Cl= 3
� = 0.136 ����  Al2O3→ 2 Al + 3 O= 5
b) Calculate the mmol of Ca present in 1 L of LR 1) A solution contains 5% of dextrose in water for injection.
injection. How many milliosmoles are presented by this
0.136 ���� �
= concentration? MW of dextrose: 180
100 �� 1000 �� ����ℎ� (��) 5�
� = 1.36 ���� ������ = � 5% = = 5000 ��
�� (��) 100 ��
c) How many micromoles of Ca are present in each 5000 ��
= ×1
mL of LR injection. 180 ��
0.136 ����� 1 ����� = 27.8 ������
=
����� 1000 ����� 2) A solution contains 156 mg KCl (MW=74.5) per 100 mL.
= 1.36 �����/�� How many mOsmol are presented in a liter of the
solution?
0.136 ����� 0.00136 ����� 1000 ����� 156 �� 1� 1000 �� 1.56 �
= × × × =
100 �� �� 1 ����� 100 �� 1000 �� 1� �
Osmolarity 1.56 �/� 41.9 ������
= × 2 × 1000 = 41.88 ��
������ 74.5 �/���� �
- mOsmol per liter of solutions ( �
)
- Formula: 3) Calculate the osmolarity of 0.9% NaCl injection (MW=
������ ����ℎ� �� ��������� (�/�)
= × # ������� × 1000 58.5)
� �� (�) �
9
��� × 2 × 1000
����ℎ� (��) 58.5
������ = �
�� (��) ������
= 308 ������
����ℎ� (�) �
����� = � Dosage based on BSA
�� (�)
��� �� ����� (�2 )
� = ������ �� ������� 1) ����� ���� = × ��
1.73�2
����
2) �ℎ��� ���� = ��� �� �ℎ��� (�2 ) × if dose/m2 is given
- # of species (f): �2
�ℎ���'���� (�2 )
 Non-electrolyte: f=1 3) �ℎ��� ���� = × �� if adult dose is given
1.73 �2
 Electrolyte: total # of particles in solution BSA
depends on the degree of dissociation of the 1) Approximate Equation
substance 4�+7
�= where, W= wt. in kg
- Example: �+90
MODULE 3: PRACTICE OF PHARMACY(17.5%) 4

Example: what must be the dose given to a 15kg child?


The ave. adult dose is 150 mg/m2?
4(15) + 7
�=
(15) + 90
= 0.64 �2
150 ��
�ℎ��� ���� = 0.64�2 ×
�2
= 95.71 ��
Exact Equation
�� � �� �� � ��
��� = �� ��� =
3131 3600
A. Jellife equation
98 − 0.8 × �������� ��� �� ����� − 20
����, ���� = ��
����� ���������� ��
��
98 − 0.8 × 80 − 20
= ��
2
��
= 25 ��/���.

25 �� × 80 − 20
������, ���� = �� × 0.90 = 22.59 �/���
2
��

B. Cockcroft-Gault
140 − 80 70
����, ���� =
72 × 2
= 29.2 ��/���.
29.2 ��
������, ���� = × 0.88 = 24.7 ��/���.
���.

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