AS114

CHM138

EXPERIMENT 4
PREPARATION OF SODIUM HYDROXIDE AND SULPHURIC ACID
SOLUTIONS

WAN SYAZAQISTINA
2023300959

WAN SAFIYA IZZATI BINTI WAN MOHD ZURAIZAM

2023167031

DATE OF EXPERIMENT: 5 MAY 2023

DATE OF SUBMISSION: 25 MAY 2023

LECTURER’S NAME: DR. RUHAIDA BINTI RUSMIN

INTRODUCTION
A standard solution is a known amount of solute that dissolves in a solution. Molarity is a
way of quantifying the concentration of a solution. Thus, the unit for the molarity is mol/ L.
The relationship between concentration and molarity can be defined in the following
formula:
𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑔/𝐿
𝑀𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑦 = =
𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑔/𝑚𝑜𝑙
Dilution is a process to low the concentration of a solution. It can be done by adding more
solvent in a solution. Dilution can be calculated by using this formula:

𝑀1 𝑉1 = 𝑀2 𝑉2
M = Molarity of the solution, V= volume of the solution

Both molarity and solution are important concepts to understand in order to deal with
chemicals experiments in laboratory.

OBJECTIVES
 To prepare a standard solution of 1.0 M sodium hydroxide and diluting the solution
to 0.2 M.
 To dilute 1.0 M of sulphuric acid stock solution to the final concentration of 1.0 M.

APPARATUS
 Volumetric flasks (50 ml or 100 ml)
 Volumetric pipette (5 ml or 10 ml)
 Beaker (100 ml)
 Filter funnel
 Glass rod
 Dropper
 Pipette filler or suction bulb

CHEMICALS
 Sodium hydroxide, NaOH
 1.0 M sulphuric acid, 𝐻2 𝑆𝑂4
 Distilled water
PROCEDURE
A. Preparation of 1.0 M NaOH solution

1. 4.0 g of NaOH were weighed accurately.

2. The NaOH was transferred into a 100 ml beaker and 50 ml of distilled water was
added to the beaker.
3. The solution was stirred with a glass rod until all the NaOH dissolved.
4. The solution was transferred into a 100 ml volumetric flask with the aid of a filter
funnel. Distilled water was added until the calibration mark.
5. The volumetric flask was shaken by turning it upside-down a few times in order for
the solution to be homogeneous.

B. Dilution of NaOH solution

1. 10 ml of the 1.0 M NaOH solution that has been prepared in Procedure A was
pipetted using a volumetric pipette.
2. The measured solution was transferred into a 50 ml volumetric flask and distilled
water was added until the calibration mark of the flask. A dropper was used to add
the last few drops of distilled water.
3. The volumetric flask was shaken by turning it upside-down a few times in order for
the solution to be homogeneous.

C. Dilution of 𝑯𝟐 𝑺𝑶𝟒

1. 5.0 ml of 1.0 M 𝐻2 𝑆𝑂4 solution was measured accurately using a 5 ml volumetric

pipette.
2. The measured solution was transferred into a 50 ml volumetric flask and distilled
water was added until the calibration mark of the flask. A dropper was used to add
the last few drops of distilled water.
3. The volumetric flask was shaken by turning it upside-down a few times in order for
the solution to be homogeneous.
CALCULATIONS
1. Determine
a. Number of moles of 1.0 M sodium hydroxide solution.

𝑛
𝑀𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑦 =
𝑣
𝑛
1.0 =
0.1

= 0.1 mol

b. How a solution of 1.0 M sodium hydroxide is obtained.

1. Weigh accurately 4.0 g NaOH.

2. Transfer NaOH into 100 ml beaker and add 50 ml of distilled water.
3. Stir the solution with glass rod until it dissolve.
4. Transfer the solution into 100 ml volumetric flask. Add distilled water.
5. Shake volumetric flask upside down.

2. Calculate
a. Number of moles of 1.0 M sulphuric acid solution.

𝑛
𝑀𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑦 =
𝑣
𝑛
0.1 =
0.05

= 0.005 mol

b. Mass of sulphuric acid used.

Mass = 0.005 x (2 + 32 + 64)

= 0.005 x 98
= 0.49 g
DISCUSSION
From this experiment, we successfully obtained the result that we expected . We manage to
measure the volume of the solution accurately and followed the steps carefully to gather
the result we want .
There are some precautions when handling this experiment. For instance, when observing
the meniscus level of volumetric flask take care to put our eye at the same level as the
meniscus to avoid parallax. Secondly , make sure the solution is shaken well so that it
becomes completely homogeneous.

CONCLUSION
As an overall conclusion, a standard solution of 1.0 M sodium hydroxide successfully been
prepared and the process diluting the solution to the 0.2 M have been achieved . 1.0 M of
sulphuric acid stock solution have been diluted to the final concentration of 1.0 M.

QUESTIONS
1. Determine the volume of solution needed to prepare the following diluted solutions
from a concentrated solution.
a. Preparation of 250 ml of 5 M HCl from 10 M HCl

𝑀1 𝑉1 = 𝑀2 𝑉2
(5)(250) = (10)(x)

(5)(250)
𝑥=
10
x = 125 ml

b. Preparation of 300 ml of 2.5 M KOH from 15 M KOH

𝑀1 𝑉1 = 𝑀2 𝑉2
(2.5)(300) = (15)(x)

(2.5)(300)
𝑥=
15
x = 50 ml
2. Determine the molarity of the
a. Solution made by diluting a 0.125 M solution of HCl from 25 ml to the final
volume of 250 ml.

𝑀1 𝑉1 = 𝑀2 𝑉2
(0.125)(25) = (x)(250)

(0.125)(25)
𝑥=
250
x = 0.0125 ml

b. 250 ml solution containing 22.2 g of NaCl.

𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑔/𝐿
𝑀𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑦 = = = 𝑚𝑜𝑙/𝐿
𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑔/𝑚𝑜𝑙

Molar mass of NaCl = 23+35.5 = 58.5

𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚 22.2
𝑁= = = 0.3795 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒
𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 58.5

𝑛
𝑀=
𝑣

0.3795(1000)
𝑀= = 1.52 𝑀
250
 c. 𝑁𝑂3− in a 500 ml solution containing 25 g of 𝐴𝑙(𝑁𝑂3 )3 .

𝑔 25
𝑀=𝑛= = = 50 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒
𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 0.5

50
=
27(1) + (14 × 3) + (16 × 6)

= 0.30 𝑀
−)
𝐴𝑙 (𝑁𝑂3 3 = 0.30𝑀
𝐴𝑙 (𝑁𝑂3 − )3 → 𝐴𝑙3+ + 3𝑁𝑂3 −
[𝐴𝑙3+ ] = 0.30 × 1 = 0.30𝑀
[(𝑁𝑂3 − )3 ] = 0.30 × 3 = 0.90𝑀
Therefore 0.90M is the molarity 𝑁𝑂3 −.

PREFERENCES
 BOOK : J. A. Beran (2009). Laboratory Manual for Principles of General Chemistry
(8th Edition). 111 River Street , Hoboken , NJ. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

 ARTICLE :
https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Analytical_Chemistry/Analytical_Chemistry
_2.1_(Harvey)/02%3A_Basic_Tools_of_Analytical_Chemistry/2.05%3A_Preparing_So
lutions