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A solution is a homogeneous
mixture of one substance (the
solute) dissolved in another
substance (the solvent).
Concentration is a ratio of the
amount of solute to the amount
of solvent.
Units of Concentration
Percent volume
% volume = volume solute (ml) x 100
volume solution (ml)
Percent mass
% mass = mass solute (g) x 100
mass solution (g)
Example 1:
What is the percent by volume concentration of a
solution in which 75.0 ml of ethanol is diluted to a
volume of 250.0 ml?
Example 2:
What volume of acetic acid is present in a bottle containing
350.0 ml of a solution which measures 5.00%
concentration?
x = 0.05
350.0 ml
x = 17.5 ml
Units of Concentration
Example 3:
Find the percent by mass in which 41.0 g of NaCl is
dissolved in 331 grams of water.
41 g x 100 = 11.0%
372 g
Units of Concentration
g = M x L x molar mass
Making Solutions
How many grams of NaCl would you need to prepare
200.0 mL of a 5 M solution?
g = M x L x molar mass
g = (5mol/L) (0.2L) (58.44g/mol)
g = 58.44 g
Diluting Solutions
Example 5:
How many milliliters of a 5 M stock solution of NaCl are
needed to prepare 100 ml of a 0.4 M solution?
C1 V1 = C2 V2
(5) V1 = (0.4)(100)
V1= 8 ml
Diluting Solutions
Example 6:
Propose a method to prepare 100 ml of a 0.5 M glucose
solution from a 5 M glucose solution.
10 = (v1 + 100)
v1
10v1 = v1 + 100
-v1 -v1
9v1 = 100
9 9
Dilutions tutorial