CIRCLES

CÍRCULOS I

Fuente: Mathematics – Core and Extended Course book. Cambridge IGCSE. Karen Morrison.
https://www.tes.com/teaching-resource/parts-circumference-and-area-of-a-circle-6344049
 Mathematics
The circle seems to appear everywhere in our everyday lives.
Whether driving a car, running on a race or playing
basketball, this is one of a number of shapes that are
absolutely essential to us.
El círculo aparece en todas partes en nuestra vida cotidiana. Ya sea
conduciendo un automóvil, corriendo en una carrera o jugando baloncesto,
esta es una de las formas que son absolutamente esenciales para nosotros.
Semicircle
One half of a circle

Diameter
The distance across a
circle through its centre

Radius Circumference Tangent

A straight line that
The distance from the The distance around a touches ONLY one point
centre to the edge – it’s circle – a posh word for of the circumference
half of the diameter perimeter
 Arc
One of the two parts
between two points of
the circumference

Sector
The portion between two
radii and an arc

Chord
Segment
A straight line which joins
The region of a circle two parts of the
between a chord and an circumference
arc
 Mathematics
Finding the circumference of a circle

The circle has radius, 𝒓.

Find an expression for its circumference in terms of 𝒓.

Circumference = 𝜋 × Diameter
= 𝜋 × 2 × Radius
𝑟 =𝜋×2×𝑟
Circumference = 2𝝅𝒓
 Mathematics
What did we notice? xd
xd
C÷d ≈ 3
But if we measure the C ≈ 3d
circumference and
diameter more
accurately…

C ÷ d = 3.141592654……..

C = πd
π is the symbol for a number
between 3 and 4
 Mathematics
Example
A circle has a diameter of 5 cm. What is its
circumference?

C=πd
=πx5
= 5 x 3.14159265..... 5 cm
= 15.707963...

= 15.71 cm
 Mathematics
Example
A circle has a radius of 3.2 cm. What is its
circumference?

d=2r 3.2 cm
= 2 x 3.2
= 6.4 cm
C=πd
= π x 6.4
= 6.4 x 3.14159265..... 6.4 cm
= 21.1061929....

= 21.11 cm
 Mathematics
Finding the area of a circle
 As the number of sectors gets
bigger, the transformed shape
becomes more and more like a
rectangle. What will the dimensions
eventually become?

Transform

½xC = ½ x πd = ½x2πr
?
32 Sectors

?
r

A = πr x r = πr2
 Mathematics
Examples: Area = 𝝅𝒓2

Calculate the area of the following Which of the following shapes has the
circle to three significant figures. larger area? Leave your answers in

Solution
terms of 𝜋.
Solution

A = 𝝅𝒓2
𝜋cm
= 𝜋 × 52
2cm
5cm Area = 25𝝅cm2 10 cm
= 78.5cm2 A = bh
= 𝝅𝒓2
A 2
The triangle has
= 𝜋 × 22
the largest area. = 10 × 𝜋
Area = 4𝝅𝒄𝒎2 2
Area = 5𝝅cm2
 Mathematics
Work out the area of each of the following circles.

[a] 1.2cm 2.5m

[b]

[c] [d]

10mm 16 m
 Mathematics
Shown below is a logo made from a rectangle and two semicircles. The
area of the rectangle is 72cm2. Calculate the area of the logo.

72cm2

9cm
Width = Area ÷ length
= 72 ÷ 9 A = 𝝅𝒓2 Total = +
Width = 8cm = 𝜋 × 42 = 50.3 + 72
Area = 16𝝅cm2 Total = 122.3cm2
Radius = 4cm = 50.3cm2
 Mathematics
The following pattern is made from two concentric circles cut into quarters.
Find the total area of the shaded regions leaving your answer in terms of 𝜋.
El siguiente patrón está hecho de dos círculos concéntricos cortados en cuartos.
Encuentre el área total de las regiones sombreadas dejando su respuesta en
términos de 𝜋.

Notice that the

four red circles
make a semi-circle.
8 cm

Area = 𝝅𝒓2
= 𝜋 × 42 1.5cm

= 16𝝅cm2

Area = 8𝝅cm2
 Mathematics
Shown below is the bird’s-eye view of a square gated chicken farm with four,
large, congruent circular chicken coops inside it. Each chicken requires an area
of 1.5m2 in a coop. How many chickens can be kept in each coop?
A continuación se muestra la vista de pájaro de una granja de pollos con una puerta
cuadrada con cuatro gallineros circulares grandes y congruentes en su interior. Cada
pollo requiere un área de 1,5m2 en un gallinero. ¿Cuántos pollos se pueden tener en
cada gallinero?

Radius = 4.5m
Area = 𝝅𝒓2 18m

= 𝜋 × 4.52

= 63.6173m2

Area 4× = 254.469m2

Chickens = 254.469 ÷ 1.5 = 170 chickens