VIRTUAL TRAFFIC LIGHTS

PROJECT SYNOPSIS

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY

IT

SUBMITTED BY:

RITIK

DEPARTMENT OF IT DATE: 19TH August, 2019

Maharaja Agrasen Institute of Technology

New Delhi, India
 CONTENT
1) Problem Statement
2) Why this?
3) Objective
4) Methodology
5) Hardware & Software Used
6) Project Impact
7) Gantt Chart
8) Conclusions
9) References
 PROBLEM STATEMENT
The purpose of this project is to develop a series of systems model for traffic passing through a
4-way intersection, controlled by traffic light. We will assume that arrangement of traffic lights
and road lanes is fixed and that the lights switch from red to green to amber in a regular
repetitive pattern. Moreover, we assume that driver behavior is constrained by the road rules
(we keep this part really simple) and the desire to avoid vehicle collisions.

WHY THIS?
A relentless increment in metro-city population mainly in India, the number of vehicles and autos
builds quickly and metro traffic is developing packed which prompts the congested road issue.
This proposed framework will have a compelling job to evade the congested road.

OBJECTIVE
Previous works for self-intelligent traffic light system were based majorly on using induction loops
which is very costly or using microcontroller circuit sensors which is not so accurate. So, we have
proposed a model that is cost effective and is most accurate when compared to all present models.
The purpose of this project is to detect and track vehicles on a video stream and count those going
through a defined line. By using the count of vehicles on each side of the traffic light, we have
optimized the traffic lights by assigning them time according to the traffic behavior at real time. If we
have less traffic or there is more traffic than usual, our model will optimize the light by increasing or
decreasing the duration of the light. We have used YOLO and SORT algorithms on the live video feed
to get the vehicle count in real time.
 DESIGN METHODOLOGY
The purpose of this project is to detect and track vehicles on a video stream and count
those going through a defined line. It uses:

• YOLO to detect objects on each of the video frames.

• SORT to track those objects over different frames.

Once the objects are detected and tracked over different frames a simple mathematical
calculation is applied to count the intersections between the vehicles previous and current
frame positions with a defined line.

HARDWARE & SOFTWARE

YOLO
By applying object detection, we'll not exclusively have the option to figure out what is in a
picture, yet in addition where a given item resides! YOLO partitions the info picture into an
S×S lattice. Every lattice cell predicts just one object. Every network cell predicts a fixed
number of boundary boxes. For every

framework cell, it predicts B boundary boxes and each case has one box confidence score. it
recognizes one object just paying little heed to the quantity of boxes B and it predicts C
conditional class probabilities (one for every class for the likeliness of the item class).
Boundary box has 5 elements: (x, y, w, h) and a box confidence score. Confidence score tells how
likely the box contains an object and accuracy also. x and y are offsets. Each cell has 20
conditional class probabilities.

YOLO’s prediction has a shape of (S, S, B×5 + C) = (7, 7, 30).

The real idea of YOLO is to assemble a CNN system to anticipate a (7, 7, 30) tensor. It utilizes a
CNN system to decrease the spatial measurement. YOLO plays out a linear regression utilizing
two completely associated layers to make 7×7×2 boundary box predictions. To make the last
prediction, we keep those with high box certainty scores (more than 0.25) as our last predictions
(figure).
The class confidence score for every prediction box is calculated by using:

Class confidence score = box confidence score x conditional class probability

It’s used to measure confidence on both ends, classification, and localization. Mathematical
definitions used by YOLO:

Loss function:
YOLO predicts various bounding boxes per lattice cell. To register the loss for the genuine
positive, we just need one of them to be in charge of the object. For this reason, we select the one
with the most astounding IoU (intersection over union) with the ground truth. Every prediction
shows signs of improvement at anticipating certain sizes and aspect ratios. The classification loss
at each cell is:
Comparison to prove that YOLO is better than other algorithmic models:

SORT:
A simple online and real-time tracking algorithm for 2D more than one object tracking in
video frames. SORT is a barebones implementation of a visual multiple object tracking
frameworks based on rudimentary data association and state estimation techniques. It is
designed for online tracking applications where only past and current frames are available
and the method produces object identities on the fly. While this minimalistic tracker doesn't
handle occlusion or re-entering objects its purpose is to serve as a baseline and test bed for
the development of future trackers. SORT was initially described in an arXiv tech report.
At the time of the initial publication, SORT was ranked the best open source multiple
object tracker on the MOT benchmark.

We coordinate appearance data to improve the efficiency of SORT. Because of this

augmentation, we can follow objects through longer times of impediments, successfully
diminishing the number of switches. It can track multiple objects in real time but the
algorithm merely associates already detected objects across different frames based on the
coordinates of detection results. This approach obviously yields a multi-purpose algorithm:
SORT doesn’t need to know which type of object we track. It doesn’t even need to learn
anything: to perform the associations.

Our model performance on live feed captured by a video camera in Indian road conditions
We have used a reference line to calculate the number of cars passing through that line. That line is
places 100-120 meters before the red light.

PROJECT IMPACT
The capacity to anticipate traffic conditions is significant for ideal control. For instance, if we know
that we would realize that some street will wind up clogged after some time under current conditions,
this data could be transmitted to street clients that can go around this street, consequently enabling the
entire framework to diminish from blockage.Even for single intersections, there may be no optimum
ideal arrangement. With various intersections, the issue turns out to be significantly increasingly mind
boggling, as the condition of one light impacts the progression of traffic towards numerous different
lights. Another fact for the complication is the way that the progression of traffic always shows signs of
change, contingent upon the season of day, the day of the week, and the season. Roadwork and mishaps
further impact intricacy and execution, most traffic lights are constrained by fixed-cycle controllers. A
cycle of setups is characterized in which all traffic gets a green light eventually. The split time decides
to what extent the lights should remain in each state. Occupied streets can get inclination by modifying
the split time. Our project intends to Eliminate the postponement on Roads by lessening Traffic on
street consequently utilizing Machine Learning. It decides traffic on every street by utilizing
camcorders. Utilizing that traffic data we can deal with the sign time and handle the traffic out and
about. On every street, we place camera sensors which identify the vehicle and give current traffic data
on every street. The planning of the signal is balanced by the traffic level on every street. The street
which has a more vehicles present than another street then this street allot a green sign and for others
have red is allocated. It likewise gives the extra usefulness of discharging the crisis vehicle on its event
that implies when a crisis vehicle is seen. For national improvement, it is important to lessen traffic
jams on the major streets.

GANTT CHART
 CONCLUSIONS
With the help of machine learning, we improved the traffic control framework by presenting a
detecting system, which gives an input to the current system; so it can adjust the changing traffic
thickness designs and gives the vital sign to the controller continuously task. We have already
tested it on a live feed from various traffic prone roads and have found satisfactory results.
Other Adaptive Traffic Light Systems were not able to work on the Indian traffic conditions.
Our model has an edge over the other by performing at par on Indian roads

REFERENCES
1. [Dia, 2002] Dia, H. (2002). An agent-based approach to modelling driver route
choice behaviour under the influence of real-time information. Transportation Research
Part C: Emerging Technologies, 10-5/6:331–349.

2. [EPA98, 1998] EPA98 (1998). Assessing the emissions and fuel consumption
impacts of intelligent transportation systems (ITS). Technical Report United States Policy
EPA 231-R98-007, Environmental Protection Agency Washington.

3. [Jin and Zhang, 2003] Jin, W. L. and Zhang, H. M. (2003). The formation and
structure of vehicle clusters in the payne-whitham traffic flow model. Transportation
Research Part B: Methodological, 373:207–223.

4. [Tan et al., 1995] Tan, K. K., Khalid, M., and Yusof, R. (1995). Intelligent traffic
lights control by fuzzy logic. Malaysian Journal of Computer Science, 9-2.