2019 International Conference on Intelligent Transportation, Big Data & Smart City (ICITBS)

Design and Development of a Vehicle Safety Detection and Alarm System

Zhang Fuyan, Li Yingda
Department of Computer Science and Technology, Dalian Neusoft University of Information, Dalian, 116023, China
zhangfuyan@neusoft.edu.cn

Abstract—In this paper, a vehicle safety detection and alarm
system can be used to detect the inside environment of the
vehicle. When it is found that the inside environment of the
vehicle after parking is bad, and there are people in the car, it
can alarm through this system, so as to ensure the safety of
personnel.
Keywords- Vehicle safety detection; Safety of personnel;
Alarm
I. INTRODUCTION
Traffic safety is a topic of great concern to the whole
society. The government has issued standards and policies,
and the automotive industry continues to develop various
safety detection devices, such as airbags, ABS anti-lock
braking system, tire pressure detection, to improve driving
safety.
However, there is no specific safety precautions for those
people, especially children, who remain in the vehicle after
the vehicle is parked. Children do not have some basic
behavioral skills and can not alarm themselves when trapped
in the car for help. So every year, especially in summer,
there are always many children forgotten and stranded in the
car, resulting in heatstroke and death tragedy. Not only
children but also adults may die of exhaust gas poisoning
due to air conditioning switching on during parking.
The system is designed and developed for the safety of
people who are stuck in the vehicle, especially for children.
II. OVERVIEW OF FUNCTION
The system is mainly composed of three parts, namely,
the car safety monitoring and alarm hardware equipment,
web server, and android mobile phone application, its
structure diagram
g as shown in figure
g 1.
remote alarm in the mobile phone application. If the alarm
information is not be released in time, or network
communication has problems, the equipment will be set up
to contact the telephone (including 110), send alarm and
rescue messages containing location information and risk
factors.
Users can check the environmental information and
location information of the vehicle at any time through the
mobile application terminal. When someone is stuck in the
car and danger occurs, the mobile phone will alarm by
notification. Web server is mainly used for information
interaction between hardware devices and mobile
applications.
The danger of children being trapped in cars occurs
mainly during the day, and almost all of them die of heat
stroke; adults die of exhaust gas poisoning. Therefore, this
hardware device mainly aims at the above situation to
propose the solution.
This paper mainly discusses the hardware and software
design of vehicle safety monitoring and alarm equipment, as
well as related experience and experience.
III. HARDWARE STRUCTURE DESIGN OF EQUIPMENT
The hardware structure of vehicle safety detection and
q p
alarm equipment g
is shown in figure 2.

Figure 1. System structure diagram

Figure 2. Structure of equipment
Vehicle safety detection and alarm equipment installed
on the roof, can locate the vehicle position, real-time Hardware of equipment are mainly composed of the
monitoring of the vehicle environment, including the current following parts.
temperature, harmful gas content. After parking, there is also
real-time monitoring whether there is any detention in the A. Core processor
vehicle. If someone is detained, and the vehicle environment STM32F103 series of high-capacity flash processor is
is bad (temperature is too high, or harmful gas content selected, which has low power consumption and strong
exceed the standard serious), it can alarm by sound and light, performance.
cause the attention of the surrounding people, but also

978-1-7281-1307-4/19/$31.00 ©2019 IEEE 9

DOI 10.1109/ICITBS.2019.00011
B. OV7670 image sensor
The sensor is small in size and provides all the functions
of a single VGA camera and image processor. It has FIFO
and is easy to use. Through SCCB bus (class IIC bus)
control, users can completely control the image quality, data
format and transmission mode.
C. SIM900A module
The module is a high performance industrial GSM/GPRS
module. Low power consumption can achieve voice, SMS
short message transmission. It supports LVTTL serial port,
which is very convenient to connect and communicate with
the main controller.
D. ATK-NEO-6M GPS module
The module is used to realize GPS positioning with high
tracking sensitivity. Various parameters can be set through
serial port. The breakpoint keeps the data and is flexible and
convenient to use.
E. Wifi module
The module can automatically search and connect the
hotspot of the mobile phone for remote data communication
between hardware devices and servers.
F. Other modules
Human body infrared sensors, carbon monoxide sensors,
temperature sensors and other modules are mainly used to
collect environmental information in the car. Acousto-optic
alarm device is used to alarm the surrounding in dangerous
situations. The power module includes an interface
connected to the vehicle power supply. It is used to take the
power from the car directly, and has a large capacity lithium Figure 3. Main process structure
battery as backup power.
If the vehicle is currently in parking status according to
IV. SOFTWARE DESIGN OF EQUIPMENT the speed judgment, and the lithium battery power supply is
enabled, it is necessary to turn on the camera to determine
This paper mainly expounds and analyzes the main whether there is a staying person. Users can set the time to
process design and image data processing. The use of other turn on the camera through the mobile client. Setting it to
modules is no longer exhausted. parking immediately means that the power consumption of
A. Main Process Design the camera can dramatically reduce the standby time of the
hardware. If set to turn on when the temperature in the car
Mainstream process is mainly responsible for scheduling
exceeds the warning threshold, it means that if someone
and coordinating the execution of various tasks, collecting
stays, the staying time will be extended.
and analyzing various environmental information data, and
When children are stuck in the car, it mainly relies on
uploading the above data and alarm information to the server.
temperature data and image data to analyze the dangerous
The design idea is shown in figure 3.
situation and deal with the alarm accordingly. When the
The main program continuously analyzes the GPS
temperature exceeds the warning threshold, and there are
positioning information transmitted by the GPS module
detained personnel through the camera data analysis, the first
through the serial port to obtain the speed of the vehicle, so
way to alarm in the near acousto-optic way, looking forward
as to judge whether the vehicle is in the running state or
to arousing the attention of nearby personnel. At the same
parking state. If the vehicle is in the running state, only the
time, the device side also conduct remote alarm. When
environment information and vehicle position coordinate
remote alarm, it need to check whether the Wifi network is
information need to be uploaded to the server through Wifi
normal, if normal, enable Wifi module for remote alarm, risk
module.
factors, vehicle location coordinates sent to the server.
Regardless of whether the Wifi network is normal, the alarm
message will be sent to the specified contact through the
GSM module. If the alarm message is sent for a period of
time, the device side did not receive any information back,

10
and there is still danger, then through the GSM module
contact 110 alarm.
When adults are trapped in the car, the danger usually
occurs in the parking state, due to the start of air
conditioning caused by the tragedy of exhaust gas poisoning,
so it is necessary to analyze the gas in the car. Carbon
monoxide gas contains a large number of exhaust gas, so the
equipment uses a carbon monoxide detection sensor, when
the concentration of the gas exceeds the standard, as a
dangerous situation, and will produce alarm information.
B. Image Data Processing
The device uses OV7670 image sensor to acquire image
data in a car at regular intervals. If there are people staying
in the car, because of the activities of the people, the image
data will be quite different. By comparing the difference of
the image data, we can judge whether there are people
staying or not.
The image data processing flow of this system is shown
in Figure
g 4.
Figure 4. Image processing flow
When setting the OV7670 image sensor, the QVGA
format is adopted, that is, the resolution of the output image
is 320 * 240, but only 8 * 8 pixel color values are stored
evenly when collecting the image information, and the color
values are in RGB 565 color mode.
Generally, the relationship between image similarity and
color is not very large, so it needs to be processed as gray
scale image to reduce the complexity of later calculation.
Gray scale processing is needed to consider gray scale. The
gray scale represents the level of brightness between pixels
from the darkest to the brightest. Let color be a pixel color
value in RGB565 format.
First, get the RGB component value according to the
formula below.
gm_red=(color&0xF800)≫8
gm_green=(color&0x07E0)≫3
gm_blue=(color&0x001F)≪3
Then get the 32 gray scale value by the following
formula.
gray=(gm_red*77+gm_green*150+gm_blue*29)≫11
11
Here it use the Perceptual Hashing Algorithm for image
alignment. A corresponding fingerprint string is generated
for each frame image. The larger the difference between the
two fingerprint images, the less close the image is. The
simplified fingerprint string generation method is as follows:
First, the average gray value of 64 pixels is calculated, and
then each pixel is compared with the average value. If it is
greater than the average value, it is marked 1 at the
corresponding position of the fingerprint string, otherwise it
is marked 0. Comparing the fingerprint coding of two
images, the number of the same data at the corresponding
position in the two fingerprint strings is counted, which is
the similarity of the two images.
V. CONCLUSIONS
The vehicle safety detection and alarm system designed
in this paper can effectively avoid people staying in the car
when parking, because of heat stroke or exhaust gas
poisoning and unfortunate situation. In this paper, the
architecture and design of hardware devices are described
and introduced in detail.
However, the system can not be applied to detection of
personnel in dim light (such as night). In addition, video
compression is very serious, and there are some errors in
image matching. Therefore, the hardware and software of the
system have room for improvement.
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