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Self- Test Answer Key

Class X Subject- History Chapter -1 Rise of nationalism in Europe Max. Marks- 30
VERY SHORT ANSWERS:-
1.What brought sweeping changes in the political and mental world of Europe in the 19th
century ?
Ans. The emergence of the nation-state
2.What was the main aim of the French revolutionaries?
Ans. The main aim of the French revolutionaries was to introduce various measures create a
sense of collective identity amongst the French people.
3. Describe the events of French Revolution which had influenced the people belonging to
other parts of Europe.
Ans. Liberalism, the end of many feudal or traditional laws and practices in French Revolution
had influenced the people belonging to other parts of Europe.
4.What was the main objective of the Treaty of Vienna of 1815?
Ans. To undo the changes brought about in Europe during Napoleonic wars.
5.Who hosted the Congress of Vienna in 1815?
Ans. Duke Metternich

Long answer type questions – 5 Marks

2.After 1804 how did the peasants, artisans and new businessmen enjoy freedom in the Units of
Europe
Ans. The Civil Code of 1804 (the Napoleonic Code) gave up all privileges based on birth,
maintained equality and also established right to property. It abolished the feudal system.
(i) The peasants were freed from serfdom and manorial dues. It emancipated the peasants and
raised their self-confidence. In the towns, Napoleon simplified administrative ‘I:. The system
was centralized by formulating uniform law for the citizens within its territory
(ii) Internal custom duties and dues that hampered the flow of business were abolished and a
new uniform system of weights and measures was constituted.
(iii) Freedom of markets and abolition of state imposed restrictions on the movement of goods
and capital helped the new businessmen to expand their business.
(iv) This brought prosperity across the classes. Common national currency facilitated the
movement, exchange of goods and capital from one region to another.
Describe any five steps taken by the French revolutionaries to create a sense of collective
identity among the French people.      
Ans. Following were the measures and practices introduced by French revolutionaries to create
a sense of collective identity amongst the French people :
(1) The idea of /a patria (the fatherland) and le citizen (the citizen) emphasized the notion of a
united community enjoying equal rights under a Constitution.
(2) A new French flag, the tricolor, was chosen to replace the formal royal standards.
(3) The Estates General was elected by the body of active citizens and renamed as the National
Assembly.
(4) New hymns were composed, oaths were taken and martyrs commemorated, all in the name
of the nation.
(5) A centralized administrative system was put in place and it formulated uniform laws for all
citizens within its territory
(6) Internal custom duties and dues were abolished and a uniform system of weights and
measures was adopted.
(7) Regional dialects were discouraged and French, as it was spoken and written in Paris,
became the common language of the nation.
1.In 1834, why was a Customs Union formed at the initiative of Prussia and joined by most of
the German states?
Ans. (1) Napoleon’s administrative measures had created out of countless small principalities a
confederation of 39 states. Each of these possessed its own currency, and weights and measures.
(2) A merchant travelling in 1833 from Hamburg to Nuremberg to sell his goods would have to
pass through 11 customs barriers and pay a customs duty of about 5 per cent at each one of
them.
(3) Duties were often levied according to the weight or measurement of the good. As each
region had its own system of weights and measures, this involved time-consuming calculation.
(4) Such conditions were viewed as the obstacles to economic exchange and growth by the new
commercial classes, who argued for the creation of a unified economic territory allowing the
unhindered movement of goods, people and capital.
(5) So, In 1834, a Customs Union or Zollveretn was formed at the initiative of Prussia and
joined by most of the German states.
2.’Socially and politically, a landed aristocracy was the dominant class in Europe in the 19th
century’ Support the statement with suitable facts.
Ans. (1) The members of landed aristocracy followed a common way of life. This helped them
in their unity.
(2) They owned estates both in the rural and town areas. In other words, they owned majority of
land tracts.
(3) They spoke French. This helped them in diplomacy. This also helped them to have a distinct
place in high society.
(4) They were socially more united as they had marriage relations among their families.
(5) This powerful aristocracy was numerically a small group and the majority of the population
was made up of the peasantry.
3.How was the Treaty of Vienna of 1815 implemented? Explain with examples.
Or
Why did the representatives of the European powers met at Vienna in 1815 to draw up a
settlement for Europe? Explain.  
Ans. (1) The main objective of the Treaty of Vienna was to undo most of the changes that had
come about in Europe during the Napoleonic wars.
(2) The Treaty of Vienna of 1815 was implemented in the following ways
(i) The Bourbon dynasty which had been deposed durum French Revolution was restored to
power.
(ii) France lost the territories it had annexed under Napoleon.
(iii) The Kingdom of Netherlands was set up in the north.
(iv)  Geneva was added to Piedmont in the south and Prussia was given important new
territories.
(v) Austria was given control of Northern Italy and Russia was given part of Poland.