Preambles and specifications

SECTION 1 - EXCAVATION AND EARTH WORKS

1. Nature of Excavation

The contractor must ascertain for himself the nature of the material to be excavated and price the work
accordingly.

No extra payment will be made beyond the Contract Sum for any alleged ignorance in this respect.

2. General Excavation

It is the responsibility of the contactor to check the commencing levels and determine depths of
excavation as no extra payment will be made in respect of any alleged excavations carried out due to
the commencing levels being above that shown upon the drawings without the prior written agreement
of the Structural Engineer.

3. Site Clearance

The Contractors shall clear the construction areas within the site of all bushes, roots, and brush
boulders, natural obstructions rubbish and any other natural or artificial obstructions which would
interfere with construction of building, roads, paths and drains.

4. Over-site Excavation

Over-site excavations over the areas of building shall be done up-to and including removal of vegetable
soil. The excavated material is to be spread around the site as directed.

Excavated material suitable for backfilling around foundations and for making up levels under roads,
floors etc, is to be kept separate from vegetable soil spoil heaps and to be re-used as directed or spread
and leveled on the site at the end of excavation operation while the surplus is carried away. Vegetable
soil is not to be used for backfilling around foundations.

5. Excavation for Foundations and Structures

Excavations for foundations and the reinforced concrete structure shall be to the widths, depths and
levels to accommodate the structure shown on the drawings and to the satisfaction of the Structural
Engineer. No extra payment shall be allowed for working space including space for formwork and use of
planking and strutting.

6. Inspection

When the excavations have been made to the sizes and depths required from the drawings, the
Structural Engineer shall be called to the site immediately for inspection, and upon approval, the

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Contractor shall proceed with the work to prevent any natural ground moisture from drying out and to
prevent rain water or other surface water draining into the foundations. The excavations are to be left
open until any variations in depth have been agreed.

7. Excavations below Required Depths.

Should any excavations be made below the levels or lines shown on the drawings or otherwise required
by the Structural Engineer, the Contractor must fill up the resultant over- excavation to the proper levels
or lines.

8. Filling

Filling to make up levels under floors shall be approved granular materials arising from excavations
which has been carefully separated from other excavated material for its suitability for the purpose. It
shall be entirely free from organic matter, mud, rubbish or lumps exceeding a size, which will pass
through a 100mm-diameter ring in every direction. Filling shall be placed in layers not exceeding 150
mm thick and shall be rolled with a pedestrian operated power roller of at least 700 kg in weight.

9. Return, fill in and Ram

Return fill in and ram suitable filling material as described above, around foundations and other
concrete structure in layers not exceeding 150mm thick and carefully ram and consolidate with power
rammer. No filling in shall be executed until concrete foundations etc. have been inspected and
approved by the Structural Engineer.

Regardless of the means of backfilling and compaction adopted, the Contractor is responsible not only
for the standard of the work but also for any possible damage of the permanent work or adjacent
structure.

10. Leveling

The quotation must include for levelling and preparing the ground for concrete or other works including
ramming or rolling bottoms of excavations where necessary.

11. Soil Sterilization

Anti- termite treatment is to be carried out by an approved specialist firm who is required, upon
completion of the soil sterilization, to furnish a written 10-year guarantee certifying the following:

a. That the chemicals applied comply with the requirements specified herein for chemical concentration
and rates of application.

b. That the treatment will remain effective against termite infestation for a period of ten years.

c. The free treatment by the firm of any areas showing signs of infestation before the expiry of the ten
year period.

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The chemicals to be used include the following, or any other equal and approved chemical:

1. Aldrin 0.5% applied in oil solution or water emulsion.

2. Benzene hexachloride, 0.8 of gamma isomer applied in oil solution or water emulsion.

3. Chloridane 1.0% applied in solution or water emulsion

4. Dieldrin 0.5% applied inoil solution or water emulsion

5. Lindane; 0.8% in oil solution or wate emulsion

6. Pentachlorophenol; 5% in oil solution.

7. Trichlorobenzene; 1 part to 3 parts oil.

Some of the chemicals listed above are toxic to animals and plant life and must, therefore, be applied
only with caution by an experienced person. Where individual water supply systems are proposed
precautions must be taken to prevent infiltering and endangering the water supply. Treatment shall not
be made when soils or fill is excessively wet or immediately after heavy rain.

Precautions must also be taken to prevent disturbance of the treatment by animals or human contact
with the treated soil.

The treatment areas are to be covered as quickly as possible after treatment.

The rate of application is to be as indicated by the manufacturer and areas measured include those
under floor and around wall and column foundations and around the perimeter of the house.

12. Disposal of Surplus Excavated Material

Surplus excavated material will be carried away from the vicinity of the works by trucks and dumpers.

13. Dewatering

The contractor shall keep the excavations free from standing water and silt (or excavated material
softened by water) and he shall include for the cost of pumping, construction of temporary drains, soak-
away pits,etc, as deemed necessary to achieve this. If spring or running water is encountered, the cost of
any pumping ordered by the Structural Engineer will be paid for by the Contractor.

14. Planking and Strutting

Sides of all excavations must be supported in order to prevent falls from or collapse of the earth face.
The term “planking and Strutting” is deemed to include any method which the Contractor elects, but
with the prior approval of the Engineer, to adopt to uphold, protect and maintain the sides of excavation

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15. Hard-core

Hard-core shall be hard crushed stone. No sand, quarry dust or fine material will be permitted. All hard-
core beds shall be topped with a layer of fine stone or aggregate minimum size 12 mm to fill the void on
the surface too receive concrete beds. Rates for hard-core shall include for leveling or finishing or laying
to falls and consolidating by rolling as described for “filling” above.

SECTION 2 - CONCRETE WORKS

1. Materials and Workmanship Generally

The recommendations of the latest British Standards Code of Practice for the Structural use of
Reinforced Concrete in Building shall be deemed to be incorporated in these preambles Clauses unless
otherwise specifically stated.

2. Materials Generally

All materials to be used in the works shall conform as to quality and description as specified hereunder
and shall be equal to approved samples. In particular, no materials shall be used until approved samples
have been supplied to the Consulting Engineer for approval at least one week before ordering in bulk
and delivery to the site. Any materials delivered to the site which has not been previously approved by
the Structural Engineer shall be the Contractor’s liability. All materials shall be transported, handled and
stored on site so as to preclude damage, deterioration or contamination.

3. Cement

The cement, unless otherwise specified on the drawing shall be ordinary Portland cement of approved
manufacture, delivered in the manufacturer’s bags and shall comply in all respects with the
requirements of the latest British Standard 12. The consignments of the cement shall be delivered in
scaled bags and shall be stored on the site so as too be used in the order in which they are delivered.
The Structural Engineer shall have the right to take samples for testing in accordance with B.S. 12 and
the Contractor is to obtain current certificates of tests from the manufacturer prior to bulk deliveries.

4. Aggregate Generally

All aggregate shall be from approved, reputable sources and shall be strong, hard, and durable, of
limited porosity and free from dust, soft materials, earth or other extraneous matter, and washed and or
screened by the contractor if so required by the Structural Engineer. Samples shall be provided as
often as called upon by the Structural Engineer for Testing in accordance with BS. 882. Only approved
materials shall be used.

Graded samples of all types of aggregate shall, after approval, be kept on site behind glass for visual
checking of subsequent deliveries for grading, shape and where applicable, colour.

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Aggregate shall be stored on site on paved areas with divisions between each type of aggregate, and
shall be used in the order in which they are received on site. No aggregate shall be stored directly on
the ground.

5. Fine Aggregates

The Contractor shall ensure that the grading of fine aggregates shall be such that not more than 10% by
weight shall exceed 5 mm in size and not that 10% by weight shall pass a sieve BS. No.100. Between
these limits the grading shall conform to the grading for either zone 1, 2, or 3 (BS.882).

6. Coarse Aggregate

Course aggregate shall be clean, well-graded natural gravel or crushed stone from an approved quarry
and washed if required by the Structural Engineer. The pieces shall be angular or rounded in shape and
shall have granular or crystalline or smooth (but not Glassy) non-powdery surface. Flaky and laminated
pieces, mica and shale shall only be present in such quantities as not affect adversely the strength and
durability of the concrete.

The four nominal aggregate sizes shall be 40 mm; 20mm; 15mm; 10mm and the grading when analyzed
as described in BS.812 shall be within the limits given in BS. 882.

7. Water

Water used for mixing of concrete, washing out of shuttering and similar purposes shall be clean fresh
and free from organic impurities in amounts likely to impair the quality of the concrete.

8. Steel Reinforcement

Steel for reinforced concrete shall comply with the following specifications:

Mild steel rod reinforcement shall comply with BS.4449

High tensile steel reinforcement shall be either cold worked deformed steel bars of circular octagonal
section complying with BS.4461 or hot rolled deformed high tensile bars having a guarantee minimum
yield stress of 4200 kg/sq.cm and other physical qualities in accordance with BS. 4449. Welded steel
fabric reinforcement shall comply with BS. 4483 Code of Practice C.P 110, for the structure use of
reinforced concrete in buildings.

All steel reinforcement shall be supplied by an approved manufacturer, and the Contractor may be
required to obtain a manufacturer’s test certificate in respect of steel reinforcement supplied. In
absence of such a certificate, the Contractor may be required to submit samples to be tested at the
Contractor’s expense in such manner as the Engineer may determine. The steel shall be stored so that it
is kept clean and reasonably free from rust.

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The placing of all reinforcement shall be checked by the Engineer and in no circumstances is concrete to
be deposited around any steel that has not been passed. At least twenty four hours notice shall be
given to the Engineer that reinforcement will be ready for inspection.

9. Bending and fixing of Reinforcement

All bending, cutting and fixing shall be in compliance with the British Standard Code of Practice. C. P.
110. Bending Schedules are incorporated in the Contract Drawings or shall be obtained on request from
the Structural Engineer.

The number, size, form and position of all reinforcements shall, unless otherwise directed or permitted
by the Engineer, be strictly in accordance with the drawings. Bars shall be of the required lengths, and
lapping, except where indicated on the Drawing, is not permitted unless approved by the Engineer.

Overall dimensions shall not be exceeded and shall not be less than 6mm below the required
dimensions. The sizes of links and the likes shall be within tolerance of 3 mm under or over the specified
dimensions. Any tolerances in the top length of the bar as cut shall be taken up in the end hooks or
other approved portions of the bar. The internal radius of the bends at corners of links and the like shall
equal half the diameter of the bar embraced by the link.

At specified locations, as directed by the Engineer, reinforcing bars to be lapped at staggered locations
so as not to reduce the effective spacing between bars to less than two times the bar diameter or 5mm
plus the maximum size of coarse aggregate, as referred in BS 8110.

The steel reinforcement shall be assembled and fixed in the form of a rigid cage. To prevent
displacement before or during concreting the bars shall be secured to each other with approved wire.
Concrete distance blocks shall, unless otherwise directed, be used between the reinforcement and the
bottom and sides of the forms to ensure correct concrete cover to the bars, as specified on the
drawings. The specified cover shall be provided and maintained within the specified tolerance.

The minimum clear distance between adjacent bars shall be 25 mm horizontally and 25 mm vertically.
Spacer bars shall be inserted at such intervals that the bars do not have perceptible sag.

Great care must be taken to ensure the correct positioning of beam and column starter bars and to
secure projecting bars against displacement both during and after concreting.

At the time of fixing and when concrete is being placed, all reinforcement shall be free from oil, paint,
grease, excessive dust and scale or any other coating, which will destroy its bond with the concrete.

10. Wrought Form Work

Form work described as wrought shall be constructed of, or lines with, 100mm wide sawn boards well
cramped together, boards running horizontally on fascia, down drains, etc. as shown on drawings.
Boards on columns to run vertically. An exposed vertical aris to be formed with 20mm x 20mm
triangular bead set in corner of formwork.

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SECTION 3 - BLOCKWORK

1. Water

Water shall be as previously specified in “Concrete Work”

2. Cement

Cement shall be as previously specified in “Concrete Work”

3. Fine Aggregate

Fine aggregate shall be as previously specified in “Concrete Work”

4. Course Aggregate

Course aggregate shall be as previously specified in “Concrete Work” and shall comprise aggregate of 6,
10 and 20 mm grading in equal proportions.

5. Lime

Hydrated limes for cement/lime mortars shall comply with BS 890 semi-hydraulic Class “B” calcium lime.

6. Damp Proof Course

Damp proof course between foundation walls and the over-site concrete slab shall be hessian based
bitumen strip to BS. 743 Type 5A the same width as the block walls. The damp proof course shall be
bedded in cement mortar (1:4) with 150mm end laps and full width as passing and angles.

Damp proof courses are required on all external and internal foundation walls.

7. Wall Reinforcement

Where described walls and partitions shall be reinforced with a 25mm wide strip of No. 20S.W.G hoop
iron built into alternate horizontal joints in the wall centre. The reinforcement shall be lapped and
hooked at running joints, angles and intersections and carried at least 115mm into abutting walls at
junctions.

12. Wall Ties

To be 3mm diameter galvanized mild steel wire twisted butterfly wall ties

SECTION 4 – JOINERY

1. Generally. The provisions contained in the Carpentry Section shall apply also in the Joinery Section
where applicable.

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2. Hardware Joinery is to be executed in approved time, select and locally available hardwood.
Hardwood generally will be camphor (pterocarpus angolansis) but hardwood for fittings and built-in
furniture may be:

Mahogany - unless specifically described.

3. Workmanship All timber shall be wrot by machine dressing on exposed faces, with all machine
marks sanded out, unless otherwise specified.

The joinery shall be worked strictly in accordance with the detailed drawings and is to be framed up and
put together as soon as possible and is to be stored for as long as possible before wedged up. All joints
and angles are to be glued and where necessary cross-tongued with hardwood tongues, and the surface
finished clean and smooth with machine marks sand papered out before fixing.

Should any of the joinery work shrink, wind or fly unduly before the end of the maintenance period of
the contract, the work is to be taken down, and new work fixed in its place, together with any other
work, which may thereby be affected at the Contractor’s expense.

Where joinery is described as screwed, this is deemed to include sinking the head of the screw and
pelting with similar timber and to grain in with finished joinery. Screws unless specified, shall be brass.

In pricing the items, the Contractor will allow for nails and screws and fixing, all labors, cutting, notching,
halving, mortising, tenoning and welding except where otherwise provided.

Allow in the rates for easing and adjusting all doors, and leave in perfect working order.

The dimensions and thickness given in these tender documents are finished (unless otherwise stated).
In the event of nominal sizes being stated then an allowance of 3mm should be allowed for each wrot
face.

4. Flush Doors Flush doors shall consist of hardwood core or framing covered with 6mm plywood both
sides and complying where applicable with the requirements of BS. 459, part 2 and 2A. Doors described,
as Skeleton framed shall consist of framing 125mm wide to all stiles, top and bottom rails, with suitable
blocks to receive mortise locks on each long edge. Doors described, as solid core shall comprise a solid
core of vertical laminations. All flush doors shall be edged all round with 25mm thick hardwood lipping
tongued and glued in. Doors described as external shall be covered both sides with 6mm “exterior”
quality plywood as described below. All flush doors shall be perfectly plain on both faces and free form
waves, ripples or distortions of any kind. Any doors which, after the application of paint or polish shows
any defect of this nature, shall be removed and replaced at the Contractor’s expense. Samples of flush
doors, which the Contractor intends to use, must be first submitted to the Architect for his approval.

5. Plywood Plywood shall be of approved manufacture, manufactured for tropical hardwoods of the first
grade with BS. 1455, and unless otherwise stated, shall be interior quality. Where stated to be
“exterior” quality, plywood shall be W.B.P. bonded weatherproof grade. Where veneered plywood is
specified, samples must be submitted to the Architect for his prior approval.

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6. Block board Block board shall be of approved manufacture and comply with BS. 3444 and shall be of
moisture resistant quality

7. Chipboard Chipboard shall comply with BS 2604 resin-bonded wood chipboard.

8. Plugging All work described as plugged shall be fixed with brass screws to plugs formed by drilling
concrete, walls etc, with a screw of suitable “Phil plug”, “Raw plastic” or other approved plugging
compound in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions.

9. Protection Any fixed joinery which, in the opinion of the Architect is liable to become damaged in any
way shall be cased and protected by the Contractor until the completion of the works and the
Contractor must allow for this in his rates as no separate item for protection has been allowed.

10. Ironmongery All Ironmongery will be fixed with matching screws to be supplied by the Contractor
and the Contractor must allow for adjusting locks and striking plates and handling over all keys on
completion of the contract with identifying tags attached. The contractor must also allow for oiling locks
and hinges and leaving them in perfect working order. All ironmongery shall be as those manufactured
by Josiah Parkes and Sons ltd or other Equal and approved by the Architect. The following standard
abbreviations have been used too describe the finish to ironmongery:

S.C.P - Satin Chromo Plate

C.P - Chromo Plate (Polished)

S.A.A - Silver Anodized Aluminum

Windows shall Brass plated handles and window stays and or as described elsewhere in these
documents.

SECTION 5 – CARPENTRY

1. Timber Generally The timber used for carpentry shall be sound, well conditioned, properly seasoned
to suit the particular use and free from defects or combination of defects rendering it unsuitable for the
purpose intended.

All other used structurally shall comply with the relevant requirements of and graded in accordance with
the export of timber ordinance (Cap. 288) - The export and Grading of Timber rules 1969.

All timber is to be ordered as soon Contract is signed and is to be delivered to the site for open stacking
for as long as possible before use. All timber will be inspected by the Engineer upon arrival at the site
and if not approved by him shall be removed from the site forthwith. Not withstanding the Engineer’s
approval, any timber incorporated in the works found too be in any way defective before the expiry date
of the defects liability period shall be removed and replaced at the sole expense of the Contractor.

Timber shall be free from live borer beetle or other insect attack when brought to the site. The
Contractor shall be responsible to the end of Defects liabilities period for executing any work necessary

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to eradicate insect attack at or suspected of being attacked notwithstanding that the timber may have
been inspected already and passed fit for use.

2. Moisture Content All timber shall be seasoned to moisture content, if not otherwise specified of not
more than 15%. The contractor must allow for the cost of any kiln drying which may be necessary to
obtain this figure.

3. Samples and Testing The Engineer shall be entitled to select any sample he may reasonable require
of materials or prototype of especial construction elements for the purpose f testing (e.g. for moisture
content, identification of species, strength etc.).

4. Protection All timber delivered to the site shall be stored under cover clear of the ground and
protected from sun and dampness and shall be stored in a satisfactory manner to prevent attack of
termites, insects and fungi.

5. Soft wood Timber for structural use, including rafters, purling, etc shall be of grade 11 strength and
grade 1 appearance. The softwood shall be seasoned cypress, cedar pine or podocarpus which shall be
pressure impregnated with the full cell process as described below, but the Contractors attention is
drawn to the Day works Schedule where the basic price of various timber requires pricing, in the event
of one of these timbers being selected as an; alternative then these basic rates will be used in calculating
new rates for the item of carpentry concerned.

7. Hard wood Hardwood for structural and roof timber shall be third grade scantlings, strength group 1
or other suitable and approved durable hardwood

8. Preservative Treatment On delivery to the site all structural hardwood is to be treated with two coats
of an approved timber preservative. After mixing, the hardwood is to be touched up as required with
approved timber preservatives.

The timber preservative shall be coal-tar creosote to BS.144 or other equal and approved applied either
by brush or by spraying in accordance with the manufacturer’s directions.

Cut ends and faces of timber sawn drilled and cut after treatment are to be swabbed liberally with
approved preservative until saturated, allowed to dry and then treated with a second coat and rates for
timber must include for this.

9. Nails Nails shall be galvanized and comply with B.S 1202 and screws with BS 1201. Screws shall be
brass unless otherwise described. Bolts, nuts and washers shall comply with BS 916 and gar bolts,
coach screws and other accessories shall comply with BS 1494. Washers shall be square minimum 3mm
thick and 3mm sides.

SECTION 6– FLOOR, WALL AND CEILING FINISHING

1. Sand

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Sand for backings, floor and wall finishes is to comply with BS 1199 Table 1

2. Aggregate Coarse aggregate is to be as described for “concrete work”

3. Cement Cement is to be as described for “concrete Work”

4. Lime Lime is to be non-hydraulic hydrated line to BS 980 Class “A” obtained from an approved source
and run into putty at least 24 hours before use.

5. Workmanship All concrete beds or slabs shall be thoroughly brushed clean, hacked if necessary and
well wetted and flushed over with cement sand (1:1) grout immediately before screeds or pavings are
laid.

Screed cement paying shall be laid in accordance with the relevant BS Code of Practice. Working joints
between bays of the floor finish should be placed in accordance with the Engineer’s instructions. Paying
shall be damp cured with sand or sawdust and kept damp for at least 7 days after laying.

All surfaces to be plastered or rendered must be brushed clean and well wetted before is applied. Joints
of walling shall be raked out and concrete hacked to form a key, care shall be taken to see that paving
and plastering do not dry out prematurely.

Adequate time intervals must be left between successive coats in two-coat work in order that the drying
shrinkage of the undercoat may be substantially complete. All internal and external angles shall be
pencil rounded.

6. Concrete paving The concrete paving shall be in the proportion of 1:1:4 by volume, the coarse
aggregate used shall not exceed 10mm nominal size. It shall be trowelled smooth with a steel float. If
the Contractor wishes to use a power float he is to seek the approval of the Engineer who may require
him to complete a sample area before granting permission.

SECTION 7– PAINTING

1. Colour Range All painting shall be carried out in colours selected by the Architect.

2. Materials Paint generally shall be ready mixed and supplied by one of the manufacturers listed below
and delivered to the site in the sealed containers clearly labeled with the manufacturer’s name, type of
paint and colour. Oil based priming paint shall comply with BS. 2521 – 2524 inclusive.

- Crown Paints

- Basco Paints (K) Ltd

- Sadolin Paints

Paints are to be used strictly in accordance with the manufacture’s name, instructions, type of paint and
colour. Oil based priming paint shall comply with BS. 2521 – 2524 inclusive.

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3. Preparation All surfaces to receive treatment are to be clean and dry before paint application and
surface irregularities are to be removed by filling or the use of suitable abrasives.

4. Plastered Surfaces Internal plastered wall surfaces generally to be treated with plastic emulsion paint,
surface are to be allowed to dry out thoroughly prior to paint application. All cracks and surface
imperfections are to be cut back and filled with a patent filler in accordance with he manufacturer’s
instructions and rubbed down to a true and even surface.

Apply one primer coat thinned with water and two finishing coats of “Crown Paints” or other approved
plastic emulsion paint in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions. When specified internal
plastered wall surface are to be painted gloss. In addition to the preparation described above, apply one
coat of an approved alkali-resistant primer and flat down with 320 grade “wet dry” abrasive paper.
Apply two finishing coats of approved gloss paint lightly rubbed down in accordance with the
manufacturer’s instructions.

5. Woodwork Preparation Large knots in woodwork are to be cut back and replaced with sound wood
or scorched back and after priming the surface made good with stopping. All knots are to be treated
with two thin coats and patent knotting free from resin, after priming all nail boles and other
imperfections shall be filled with stopping and the whole surface rubbed down to a smooth even
surface. The stopping must be “Sadofil” or other approved filler.

6. Metal Work All rust and loose scale on steel and iron work must be removed by wire brushing and
rubbing with emery and treated with one coat of red oxide primer or other zinc paint in accordance
with the manufacturer’s instructions. One coat of zinc chromate primer will then be applied followed by
two undercoats and one finishing coat of gloss paint as described for woodwork above. The Contractor
is to note that where mild steel burglar bars are housed into wood frames the full length of the bar is to
be treated before fixing.

Galvanized metalwork is to receive one coat of white spirit or mordant de-greasing solution washed off
prior to the application of calcium plummet primer followed by two undercoats and one finishing coat
of gloss as previously described.

Galvanized metalwork is to be painted only where instructions are given by the Architect as in some
cases galvanized metalwork is to be left untreated.

SECTION 8– GLAZING

1. Glass Glass generally shall comply with the requirements of BS 952 and shall be free from bubbles,
specks, waves, flows or any other defects.

Clear sheet glass shall be 32 oz. (4mm nominal thickness) flat drawn sheet of ordinary glazing quality
unless otherwise described.

Polished plate glass shall be 6 mm thickness.

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Glass for louver blades shall be clear sheet flat drawn or rough cast obscure rolled glass to the thickness
shown in the drawings with all exposed edges ground and polished.

2. Putty The putty shall be hard-setting tropical putty to BS 544

3.Workmanship All glass is to be accurately cut to fit easily into rebates with a tolerance of 2mm all
round. It is to be well puttied at the back and to be sprigged with non-ferrous pins. The putty is to be
mostly trimmed and cleaned off and care must be taken that it does not show beyond the sight lines of
the sashes. All rebates must be treated with one coat lacquer (as described under “painting” hereafter)
prior to glazing.

4. Cleaning and Protecting The Contractor must allow in his rates for the protection of all work in this
section and for replacing any cracked, scratched, broken or defective glass prior to handing over to the
employer. He must also allow for cleaning all the windows inside and out and other glass on completion
with an approved window cleaner and wash-leather and for removal of all paint splashes.

SECTION 9– EXTERNAL WORKS

The preambles for the previous trade section are applicable to this section together with the following
preambles:

Earthworks All excavations are to be carried out to lines and levels as shown on drawings or as directed
by the Engineer.

Surplus materials shall be disposed of by the Contractor according to the Engineer’s instructions.

Top Soil Top soil is defined as any layer of soil adjacent to the existing surface which contains or is
discolored by roots, or other organic matter which in the opinion of the Engineer will affect the stability
of any superimposed construction.

Top soil shall be removed to a depth of 150mm or such depths as may be directed, within the limits of
the pavements.

The Excavated top soil shall either be stacked for re-use in soiling areas outside the limit for pavements
or shall be removed and spread as directed by the Engineer.

Road and Parking Area

Sub-Grade - Description This work shall consist of furnishing and placing approved granular sub-base
material of the thickness and width and at the locations shown on the plans or ordered by the Civil
Engineer, in accordance with these specifications and in conformity with the lines, grades and
dimensions shown on the plans or as directed by the Engineer.

Unsuitable soils are not accepted in the upper 250 mm of the sub-grade whether cut or fill. These soils
include soils with CBR- Value below 7% (measured by 100% modified proctor, and after 24 hours

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soaking), and soils with content of big roots or other vegetable matter and debris and other substances
likely to hamper the compaction and stability of the sub-grade.

Soils on site will generally be accepted as materials for filling in the embankments. However, top soil,
tree roots or other soils containing vegetable matters will be rejected.

Materials The material shall consist of hard, durable particles of fragments of stone or gravel, screened
or crushed to the required size and grading. The material shall be free from vegetable matter and lumps
or balls of clay and shall meet the requirements for one of the grading given in the table below and
whichever is called for in the bid schedule, as determined by AASHO T27.

Sieve Designation

Percentage by weight Passing square mesh sieves A B C 75 mm 100 -

Surfacing and pavement

Aggregate surfacing

This work shall consist of a course composed of gravel or crushed aggregate, whichever is called for in
the bid schedule, constructed on a prepared roadbed in accordance with these specifications and in
conformity with the lines, grades, and typical cross sections on the plans.

Materials Materials shall conform to the requirements of Section 14, except as to grading and plasticity
of aggregate.

Gravel and crushed aggregate shall meet the requirements given in the table below for the grading . For
all grading, that portion passing C 420 mm sieve, including blending filler, shall have a liquid limit of not
more than 35 and a plasticity index of not less than 4 nor more than 9 as determined by AASHO T89 and
T90 respectively.

Construction Methods shall conform to all the requirements for construction methods under Section
14.

Grading Requirements for Aggregate Surfacing Percentage by Weight Passing Square Mesh sieve
AASHTO T11 and T 27 for Grading

Sieve designation

ABCDE

37.5 mm 100 - - - 25 mm - 100 - - 100 19 mm - - 100 - 85-100 12.5 mm 40-75 - - 100 9.5 mm - - - - 65-100
4.75 mm 30-60 40-75 45-80 - 55-85 2.00 mm - 25-60 25-60 26-60 40-70 425 mm - - - - 25-45 75 mm 5-12
5-12 5-12 5-12 5-12

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Measurement The quantity of aggregate surfacing to be paid for shall be the number of cubic meters
measured in the vehicles, or the number of metric tons as determined by weighing loaded trucks on
approved scales minus the tare weight of the truck, whichever is called for in the Bills ;of Quantities.

Payment The quantities, determined as provided above, shall be paid for at the contract price unit of
measurement, respectively, for each of the particular pay items listed below that is shown in the bills of
Quantities, which prices and payment shall be full compensation for furnishing and placing all materials,
including the labour, equipment, tools, and incidentals necessary to complete the work prescribed in
this section.

Bituminous Prime Coat

Description This work shall consist of furnishing and applying bituminous material to a previously
prepared roadbed in accordance with these specifications and to the width shown on the typical cross
section on the plans.

Materials -Blotter Materials Blotter material shall be clean, graded sand or when called for in the Special
Conditions, it shall be a suitable material furnished under another contract item.

Bituminous Materials Bituminous materials shall be of the type and grade that shall conform to the
requirements of the specifications listed below or as directed by the Engineer.

Slow-curing liquid bituminous material - AASHO MM 141 Medium-curing cutback bitumen - AASHO M
82 Rapid-curing cutback bitumen - AASHO M81

Grades (with temperatures of application in degrees C) shall be as follows:

Slow-curing liquid bituminous material sc-1 (450-850), SC- 2(600-1000) Medium-curing cutback
bitumen - MC-0 (200-600), MC-1 (45-85) - MC-2 (600-1000), Mc

1. The precast concrete flags shall conform in all respect to BS 368

2. Precast Concrete kerbs, channels and Edgings The precast concrete kerbs etc, shall conform in all
respects to BS 340

3. Demolition’s These works must be carried out at times arranged and convenient to the Employer
or as described elsewhere in these tender documents.

The contractor will be held fully responsible for any unnecessary damages caused to furniture,
equipment in consequence of these works. He shall reinstate all damages at his own expense and
indemnify the employer against any loss whatsoever arising therefrom.

The Contractor must give the necessary notices and must exercise all due care in the demolition. During
the demolition works the Contractor shall keep the debris constantly watered to minimize the dust
arising and this must be included in his prices.

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Unless otherwise stated all re-usable and approved materials arising from demolitions shall become the
property of the Employer and the Contractor shall dismantle such materials carefully and stack them in
piles ready for inspection by the Architect. Debris and disqualified materials shall be removed from site.

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