Beauty Technology Research Bulletin Vol. (No.

), xx – yy, 2020

Website design for facial skin type analysis and comparison to the results
from skin measurement devices

Amornpun Sarahong, Rujiluksorn Phetwong and Narunan Wuttisin*

School of Cosmetic Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
*Corresponding author. E-mail: wnarunan@mfu.ac.th

Abstract

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summarize the principal finding, and conclude and point out the new findings and point.

Keywords: Keyword; Keyword; Keyword; Keyword; Keyword (4-5 keywords).

1. Introduction
Nowadays, using facial care products is a daily routine for most people. Both different skin types
including the skin condition can vary greatly during different periods of life. Many internal and
external factors determine the condition of the skin. Including weather, pollution, medications, stress
and genetic factors that affect the level of oiliness sweat and skin's natural moisture factor. Purchasing
through various advertising media both on television and online media social media which can reach
people of all genders, ages, and consumers must be aware of the type of skin.
Facial skin can be divided into 4 types: dry skin, oily skin, normal skin and combination skin
(Piccioni et al., 2017), the opposite of oily skin is dry skin. Because it has less fat than normal skin, it
is unable to retain moisture. It's flaky, harsh, cracked, and dry. Irritation is a possibility Dry skin has
less fat than normal skin. It is unable to retain moisture leading to flaky, harsh, crake, dry and possible
to irritation (Moniaga et al., 2019). People with dry skin will experience a tightening sensation on
their skin. Skin that is with drab, black, and lacks suppleness. Oily skin is characterized by numerous
sebaceous glands that produce water leading to oily, shiny, and greasy feeling (Sakuma and Maibach,
2012). People with oily skin have large, visible pores, and their skin is more prone to acne and other
forms of acne. Normal skin is healthy and balanced, with somewhat greasy skin around the forehead,
nose, and chin (known as the T-zone). However, the general oiliness and hydration are balanced.
Normal skin has a smooth, pore less look. The fur isn't too short or too long. There are no skin issues,
and the skin is not sensitive. Oily skin is referred to as combination skin. Both cheeks are higher than
the forehead, nose, and chin (Youn et al., 2005). Skin issues can be caused by the skin. Oily skin,
such as blocked acne, inflamed acne, and wrinkles, as well as dry skin, such as dark spots from acne,
wrinkles, etc.
The APM-100 is a portable skin measuring instrument that uses microscope imaging methods to
assess skin thickness. To examine the analysis image from the phone, connect a 5 megapixel camera,
Bluetooth, and WI-FI. The APM-100 has a 30x magnification lens for analyzing moisture and
elasticity, oiliness, pores, dark spots, acne, skin thinness, and wrinkles on the face.
 Sarahong et al.

(A) (B)

Figure 1 APM-100 measuring instrument (A) and sebum

indicator patch (B)
Visually analyze, touch and analyze surfaces with various tools. All of these are examples of
facial analysis. There is no support that analytics based on such methods help public users accurately
determine their skin type. They have to go to the clinic to discuss skincare procedures and products.
This can cause problems for people in their daily lives and choosing the right products for their skin
type. To identify each person's skin more easily and quickly and to give users the confidence to
choose the right product or facial care for their skin type.
Therefore, the website was created to assess and classify skin types. The APM-100 portable skin
analyzer was used to compare the results.
ยังไม่ได้ บ อกว่า จะทำ web เลย The purpose of this study was to examine whether website use and APM-
100 were consistent. And determine the accuracy of the skin analysis from the results of this study.
This may be helpful for those who want to know their skin type to adapt to their daily life and
skincare routine.
2. Materials and Methods
2.1 Design website Website design
The skin characteristics of each skin type and various facial skin problems were used as criteria
for creating skin analysis website as shown to create a skin analysis test to classify skin type was
show in Table 1. Website name “Skin analysis” (https://6031703038.wixsite.com/website) was
created by website Wix.com. The website composed of 6 information windows which were; a) home
page, b) skin analysis test, skin type information, skin care for each skin type, satisfaction
questionnaire, and contact as shown in Figure .เอาเป็ นรูปมาวางน่าจะดี . The information about characteristics
of each skin type and various facial skin problems were used to create a skin analysis test to classify
skin type was show in Table 1. Skin analysis test options composed of facial skin image mockup to
further clarification.???
2.2 Participants เรี ยบเรี ยงใหม่ รวม 2.3.1

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Table 1 Characteristic of each skin type

Appearance of the skin Skin type
Normal Oily Dry Combination
Facial skin appearance during the day
Dry or irritate ✓
T-zone is more oily than U-zone ✓
It's very simple ✓
Dry and tight ✓
No skin issues ✓
Pores around cheeks
Small ✓ ✓ ✓
Width Large ✓
Pores around nose
Small ✓ ✓
Width ✓ ✓
Appearance of facial skin when touched
Rough ✓ ✓
Smooth ✓ ✓
The skin in the U-zone area is dry and peeling when cold
time exposed to cold temperature
Yes ✓ ✓
No ✓ ✓
Facial skin in the T-zone area is more oily than other areas
after wake up
Yes ✓ ✓
No ✓ ✓
The skin is dry and tight after washing the face facial
wash
Yes ✓
No ✓ ✓
The skin still dry and tight after moisturizer application
Yes ✓
No ✓ ✓
The skin is easily irritated by the weather change
Infrequent ✓ ✓
Never felt ✓ ✓
Makeup is easy to fall off after applying makeup during
the day
Yes ✓ ✓
No ✓ ✓
Pores on the cheeks are smaller narrower than the nose
area
Narrower ✓
Equally ✓ ✓ ✓
Wider ✓
After applying skin care products, the T-zone area turns
oily faster than other areas
Yes ✓ ✓
No ✓ ✓
During the day, after lining the face, the T-zone area tend
to oily came back faster than other areas
Yes ✓ ✓
No ✓ ✓

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2.3 Study design

2.3.1 Comparison between skin analysis website and skin measurement device
2.3.1.1 Volunteers
The 120 volunteers were divided by the result of a skin analysis website into four groups; the
normal skin group (n = 30), the oily skin group (n = 30), the dry skin group (n = 30), and the
combination skin group (n = 30).

Data collection took place from January to March 2021. The selected volunteers received an
individual massage???. One hundred and twenty healthy volunteers in Chiang Rai (aged 18-40 years)
were participated in this study. The volunteers were asked to evaluate their skin types by using
website skin analysis followed by skin measurement with APM100. This study was approved by the
Ethics in Human Research Committee of Mae Fah Lung University (No. EC 21012-17). All
volunteers received information about the study and signed on informed consent sheet.

2.3.1.2. Facial skin preparation

Facial cleansing techniques was performed following step;
Step 1. The volunteers laid on the bed with comfortable position and covered with blanket up to
chest level.
Step 2. The volunteers were received facial cleansing by cleansing water, cleansing milk and
toner.
Step 3. The volunteers were rest in a room at constant temperature 25°C for 20 min prior to skin
monitoring.

2.3.1.3 Skin measurements

The APM-100 measuring instrument was use for skin sebum measurement. Two different sites of
the face were selected; at the forehead (mid-glabella), and cheek (the most prominent area of
zygome).
Measurement areas were classified as follows; high sebum-secreting zone (T-zone; forehead, nose,
and chin) and low sebum-secreting zone (U-zone; both cheeks) (Youn et al., 2005). ย ้ า ย The
measurement area was 0.9×1.2 rectangle centimeters according to the size of sebum indicator patch.

2.3.2 Website evaluation

An online test study from skin analysis website was carried out in Thailand with a target size of
515 individuals aged 18-40. The samples were taken the skin analysis website and evaluated their
satisfaction of using the skin analysis website.
2.4 Satisfaction test
The skin analysis website was evaluated for satisfaction by 515 respondents of their satisfaction.
They were asked to answer the questionnaire which consists of assessment evaluation such as the use
of the website is convenient and easy to use, the questions are easy to understand, the information on
the website is beneficial to you, the test results match your skin type, and how satisfied were you with
the recommendation to the skin analysis website. The class intervals between the score were
calculated as described by Okapanom & Wuttisin (2016). Criteria for interpretation of the satisfaction
level were divided to 5 levels as following: Excellent (4.21-5.00), Good (3.41-4.20), Moderate (2.61-
3.40), Fair (1.81-2.60), and Poor (1.00-1.80).

2.5 Data analysis

Descriptive statistical analyses to demonstrate the result as a percentage, arithmetic mean, and
standard deviation were used for the comparisons of the result between skin analysis website and
APM-100 measuring instrument.
3. Results and Discussion
3.1 Classification of skin types
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The amount of sebum collected on sebum indicator patch at forehead and cheek were used to
classify the skin type by using APM-100 measuring instrument. The example of skin measurement
was presented in Table 2. The normal skin secrete sebum in small amount since sebaceous gland on
normal skin are usually not too much a problem, because the sebum that is released is balanced, not
excessive or lacking (Indriyani and Sudarma, 2005). Oily skin was secrete high amount of sebum
level due to oily skin looks shiny and greasy, and is frequently accompanied by large pores ( Sakuma
and Maibach, 2012). Dry skin is characterized by a scaly, rough, cracked and fissured surface caused
by a reduction in water-holding capacity (Tominaga et al., 2007). Account to the amount of sebum
collected has low level to almost nonexistent and combination skin, there is a difference in sebum
secretion, high amount on forehead while cheek had low amount. However a sebum level of
combination skin type on cheek area had range from moderate, low to very low level.

Table 2 Example of skin type measurement by APM-100

Skin types Sebum indicator patch Sebum level

Normal skin type forehead area Low to moderate

cheek area Low to moderate

Oily skin type forehead area The forehead and cheek had high sebum
level

cheek area

Dry skin type forehead area The forehead and cheek had less and low
sebum level

cheek area

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Combination skin type forehead area The forehead had moderate to high
sebum level, cheek had moderate to low
sebum level

cheek area

3.2 Comparison of result between skin analysis website and APM-100 measuring instrument
Demonstrates the comparison in results are compatible with the website and not compatible with
website, which are classified into four skin types: normal, oily, dry, and combination skin. The
volunteer in normal group was compatible with the website of 19, not compatible with website of 11
are 63.33% and 36.67% The volunteer oily group was compatible with the website of 29, not
compatible with website of 1 are 96.67% and 3.33% The volunteer dry group was compatible with the
website of 25, not compatible with website of 5 are 83.33% and 16.67% The volunteer combination
group was compatible with the website of 26, not compatible with website of 4 are 86.67 % and
13.33% (Youn et al., 2002) was show in Figure 2. All of the 120 volunteers, there were of 99 people
(82.50%) compatible with the website while 21 volunteers (17.50%) were not compatible with the
website.
There were 11 volunteer (36.67%) in normal skin group, 1 volunteer () in oily skin type, not
compatible with the website In conclusion

30 29
25 26
25

20 19

15
11
10
5 4
5
1
0
Normal skin Oily skin Dry skin Combination skin

Compatible with website Not compatible with website

Figure 2 Comparison of skin type between skin analysis website and APM-100 measurement

3.2 Satisfaction test

The satisfaction of the volunteers on using the skin analysis website was presented in Table 3.
The volunteers felt that the website was convenient and easy to use, questions are easy to understand.,
information on the website is helpful and the results of the test are consistent with your skin type.
Overall satisfaction was excellent. In addition, the subjects tested on the APM-100 were satisfied with
the results after skin analysis.
Table 3 Satisfaction of using skin analysis website
Used of skin analysis website
Satisfaction Mean±SD Level of
satisfaction

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Website is convenient and easy to use 4.43±0.78 Excellent

The questions are easy to understand 4.61±0.64 Excellent
The information on the website is beneficial 4.67±0.59 Excellent
The test results match with your skin type 4.62±0.71 Excellent
How satisfied were you will recommend the skin analysis 4.70±0.59 Excellent
website to the other
Values are expressed in Mean±SD

4. Conclusion
This research project help user identifies their skin types in total 82.50% and provides an
information of each skin type to guideline for their skin routine and select the suitable skin care. To
avoid the occurrence of unwanted skin problems for users. However the APM-100 measuring
instrument
5. Suggestion
Further studies need to perform for the improvement of this work such as increasing the
comparison with other skin analyzers for instance Corneometer, Tewameter and Sebumeter
with difference skin measurement patterns. เพิ่ม volunteers
6. Acknowledgements
This study was supported by School of Cosmetic Science, Mae Fah Luang University. The authors
also be grateful to thank volunteers in cooperating in this study.

7. References
Indriyani. and Sudrama, I. M., (2005). Classification of facial skin type using discrete wavelet
transform, contrast, local binary pattern and support vector machine: Journal of Theoretical and
Applied Information Technology, 98(5), 768-779.
Moniaga, C. S., Tominaga, M., Takamori, K. (2019). Mechanisms and Management of Itch in Dry
Skin: Acta Dermato-Venereologica, 2020, 9-20. doi: 10.2340/00015555- 3344
Okapanom, W. and Wuttisin, N. (2016). Efficacy of eye gel containing strawberry extract (special
project, Mae Fah Luang University).
Piccioni, A., García-Rodrigo1, C. G., Pellegrini, C., Mazzocchetti, G., Fargnoli, M. C. (2017).
Improving Skin Aging, Skin Hydration and Sensitive Skin with Four Specific Skin Care
Products: Results from a Single-Centre, Observational, Prospective Study: Journal of
Cosmetics, Dermatological Sciences and Applications, 2017(7), 48-56. doi:
10.4236/jcdsa.2017.71005
Sakuma, T. H. and Maibach, H. I. (2012). Oily skin: an overview: Skin Pharmacology and
Physiology, 2012(25), 227–235. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1159 /000338978
Tominaga M, Ozawa S, Tengara S, Ogawa H, Takamori K. (2007). Intraepidermal nerve fibers
increase in dry skin of acetone-treated mice. J Dermatol Sci 2007; 48: 103–111.
Youn, S. W., Kim, S. J., Hwang, I. A., Park, K C. (2002). Evaluation of facial skin type by sebum
secretion: Discrepancies between subjective descriptions and sebum secretion: Skin Research
and Technology, 2002; 8: 168-172. doi: 10.1034/j.1600-0846.2002.10320.x
Youn, S. W., Na, J. I., Choi, S. Y., Huh, C. H., Park, K. C. (2005). Regional and seasonal variations in
facial sebum secretions: a proposal for the definition of combination skin type: Skin Research
and Technology, 2005(11), 189-195. Retrieved from http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?
doi=10.1.1.951 .9978&rep=rep1&type=pdf

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