Lecture-5

Commonly Practiced Wet

Processes in a Washing plant

This types of processes are

done at wet condition.
There are so many stages
in Wet process.
 Rinse Wash
✓ It is most basic wash for Process flow chart for denim garments
denim garments. Typically
named, Dark Wash. The Desizing
only purpose of this wash is
to make the garment
wearable. In rinse wash the
garment is desized and Rinse
some softening agent is Wash
applied to improve the hand
feel of garment.
Softener

✓ Problems
I. Some times pocket staining Hydro
may occur, extractor
II. Color fastness may be fail.
III. Tone change if wash time is
increased.
Drying
 Garments/Normal Wash
Process flow-chart for
➢ This wash is the combination of twill/canvas garments
dtetergent wash and softener
wash.
Detergent wash
➢ The purposes of this wash are
I. To remove dust, oil spot and
other impurities. Softening
II. To make the garments soft.
➢ Problems of garment wash Hydro-
I. Some times pocket staining extractor
may occur,
II. Color fastness may be fail. Drying
III. Tone change if wash time is
increased. Quality
Check
 Pigment wash
Typical flow-chart for Twill/canvas garments
✓ Usually done on pigment dyed
or garments. Detergent wash
with Caustic
and Soda
✓ Purpose:
I. To create uneven/worn look.
Neutralization
II. To make the garments soft.
III. To increase fastness by
fixing the color.
Softening

✓ Typical function of NaOH and

Hydro-extractor
Na2CO3 in Pigment wash:
I. NaOH: Help to create fade look
rapidly having strong cleaning
Drying
power.
II. Na2CO3: Maintain alkaline
medium to facilitate break down
of pigment. Also help to create Quality Check

worn look.
 Caustic Wash
✓ Typical Procedure for
✓ Usually this wash is done
Twill/Canvas pants
on Reactive dye, sulpher
dye and direct dyed or Detergent wash
with caustic soda
printed garments.
✓ Purpose:
Neutralization
I. To create worn look.
II. To remove additives
Softening
from garments.
III. To make the garments
softer. Hydro -extractor

IV. To increase color

fastness properties. Drying

Quality Check
 Tie Wash
Process flow-chart of Tie wash
✓ To get uneven crease look on for denim
garments, this wash is done.
Basically enzyme or bleach Desizing
wash is done for this purpose.
During processing, garments Rinse wash
are tied first then wash it
according to standard swatch. Tieing
After wash, garments are
opened and subsequent Enzyme
processes are done.
Rinse-wash

✓ Problem: Softening
I. If tying is not done properly
then effect may be changed.
Hydro extract
II. Tie rope or mesh need to be
selected properly.
Drying
 Enzyme Wash
✓ In this wash enzyme is used to Process flow-chart for denim
create desired effect. They
work basically on the surface Desizing
of the fabric. Enzyme may be
neutral or acidic according to
the requirement of shade. The Enzyme

main benefits of using enzyme

is that it is biodegradable and
Softening
hence eco-friendly.
✓ Purpose :
I. To remove size and starch Hydro extractor
materials.
II. To make the garments softer. Drying
III. To improve fastness and anti-
pilling properties.
Quality Check
 Stone Wash
✓ To give the garments more unique Typical flow-chart for denim
appearance and softer hand,
abrasive stones were introduced to
the wash bath. Pumice or volcanic Desizing
stone are widely used in this
purpose. The stones not only Hot wash
abrade the fabric but also gradually
abrade the inside of the rotary
drum. Bleach with Stone

Neutral

✓ Types of stone use: Softening

I. Pumice rock
II. Volcanic rock Hydro extractor
III. Man-made substrates
✓ Stone sizes, S=2-3 cm, Drying
M=3-5 cm and L=5-7 cm. 2
or 3 times can be used.
Quality Check
 Stone Enzyme Wash
Typical procedure of Denim
✓ Here, enzyme and stone
are used together for
Desizing
washing. Heavy abrasion
occurs in this wash. Hot wash

Typically done for Denim

Stone-enzyme
garments. treatment

Bleaching

✓ Problem:
Neutral wash
✓ Some times metal may be
found after using stone. Softening

✓ Hem and seam area can

Hydro extractor
be damaged.
Drying

Quality Check
 Towel Bleach Wash
Procedure for Denim having
✓ This wash is done to Destroy and PP spray dry process
create an uneven effect
like acid wash which is
simply known as cloudy Desizing Bleaching Neutralization

effect. During
processing, small pieces Send to destroy
Hydro
Towel Bleach extracting and
and pp spray
of towel are used with Drying

bleaching solution
which create the actual Neutralization Tinting Softening

effect following by
neutralization process.
Drying Hydro extractor
 Acid Wash/ Ice Wash/Snow Wash/White Wash (for denim)

✓ It is done by potash and stone. Procedure

Stone are dipped in potash
solution and then make slight
dry and finally wash with
garments in a washing
machine following by
neutralization process.
Desizing Brightening Softening

✓ Problems:
Neutralizati
I. Wide variation in effect. Bleaching
on

II. PP spot may come.

Neutralizati
Acid wash
III. Garments can be damaged on
due to vigorous action.
IV. Wrong stone selection may
lead huge damage for both
machine and material.
 Acid Wash/ Ice Wash/Snow Wash/White Wash (for knit)

Procedure for RFD

✓ It is done by potash and stone.
Cork sheet and thermo ball are
used as stone which are dipped
in potash solution and then
make slight dry and finally
wash with garments in a Detergent Neutralization Bio-polishing
wash
washing machine following by
neutralization process. The
final effect may be even, Dyeing Acid wash Softening

uneven or cracked.
Hydro & Hydro and
Hot wash Dyring
drying
✓ Problems:
I. Wide variation in effect. Fixing Softening
II. PP spot may come.
III. Garments can be damaged
due to vigorous action.
 Burn Out Wash
Procedure for Knit
✓ This washing is done
especially for CVC or Dyed fabric or
garments
Wash
(NaOH+deterge Neutralizing (by
nt to remove ash acetic acid)
PC fabric where the (cotton+poly)
of cotton)

cotton portion is burned Detergent wash

(to increase Dryer Softening
absorbency)
with sulfuric acid. After
burning cotton portion Hydro Hydro
Dryer (wash if
required)

the final effect will be

Asusalt which
more visible. Dryer
produce H2SO4
at room
temperature