Cagayan State University

Graduate School
S.Y. 2020-2021 (2ND Semester)
Master of Arts in Physical Education

TRENDS, ISSUES AND CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT

IN PHYSICAL EDUCATION (MPE 212)

Lesson 2- Drugs in Sports

Reading I
History of Drugs
In 19th century, athletes begin taking amphetamines used by soldiers in WWII to keep them
alert and anabolic steroids for Germans to increase their aggressive behaviour. The first
effective performance enhancing drugs crossed over into sports is in the early 1950’s.
A number of deaths and allegations of drug taking and other (e.g. alcohol, opium, caffeine etc.)
encouraged the International Olympic Committee (IOC).
I967- To set up medical a Medical Commission which banned the use of drugs and other
performance enhancing substance.
1975 - anabolic steroid use was banned following the development of a test, after which there
was a surge of disqualifications through steroid use. In 1983 Caffeine and testosterone were
added to the prohibited list, followed in 1986 by blood doping and EPO in 1990, despite reliable
tests for their detection not being available until 2000.
1999 – held the World Congress Conference on Doping in Switzerland.
As a result, the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) was formed to promote and co-ordinate the
fight against drug use in sport in an international level, across all sports. Is agency initiated by
the International Olympic Committee (IOC) to promote, coordinate and monitor the fight
against drugs in sports. These includes, scientific research, education, development of anti-
doping capacities, and monitoring of the World Anti-Doping Code. WADA code is a core
document that provides the framework for anti-doping policies, rules and regulations within sport
organization.

Fundamental principles of Anti-Doping Program: “To preserve what is intrinsically valuable

about sport” Source (JADA 2016, NIFISA seminar).

 Clean sport
 Clean athletes
 For sport integrity
 For social values of sport

This material prepared by Asst. Professor Robin Darwin B. Tuliao is for the exclusive use of the Graduate School in
Master of Arts in Physical Education of the Cagayan State University Carig Campus. No part of it may be reproduced
without permission.
 Cagayan State University
Graduate School
S.Y. 2020-2021 (2ND Semester)
Master of Arts in Physical Education

Reading II
DOPING
In competitive sports, DOPING refers to the use of banned athletic performance-enhancing
drugs by athletic competitors.

This material prepared by Asst. Professor Robin Darwin B. Tuliao is for the exclusive use of the Graduate School in
Master of Arts in Physical Education of the Cagayan State University Carig Campus. No part of it may be reproduced
without permission.
 Cagayan State University
Graduate School
S.Y. 2020-2021 (2ND Semester)
Master of Arts in Physical Education

PROHIBITED DRUGS
STIMULANTS - Some athletes use stimulants to stimulate the central nervous system and
increase heart rate and blood pressure.
-Improve endurance
-Reduce fatigue.

ANABOLIC STEROIDS -work by helping the body's muscle cells produce more protein which, as
long as the athletes works out, leads to increased muscle size and strength and, at the same
time, also allows the body to produce more ATP, the "fuel" muscles need to move.
Two types of anabolic agents:
Exogeneous- refers to substance which is not ordinarily produced by the body naturally.
Endogenous – refers to a substance which is ordinarily produced by the body naturally

DIURETICS - increase the production of urine, and some athletes use them to try to flush out
residue from steroids. They can also be used to shed water as a temporary weight loss measure
in sports with weight categories (boxing, equestrian sports).

BLOOD DOPING - So increasing hemoglobin allows higher amounts of oxygen to reach and fuel
an athlete's muscles. This can improve stamina and performance, particularly in long-distance
events, such as running and cycling. Blood doping is banned by the International Olympic
Committee and other sports organizations.

BETA BLOCKERS - are banned in archery and shooting as they keep the heart rate low and
reduce tremble in the hands. In some cases an athlete may have a pre-existing medical
condition which requires them to take medication which is listed. In this case the athlete can
apply to their International Federation for a Therapeutic Use Exemption (TEU) which must be
verified by their physician.

This material prepared by Asst. Professor Robin Darwin B. Tuliao is for the exclusive use of the Graduate School in
Master of Arts in Physical Education of the Cagayan State University Carig Campus. No part of it may be reproduced
without permission.
 Cagayan State University
Graduate School
S.Y. 2020-2021 (2ND Semester)
Master of Arts in Physical Education

Further Reading

Bay Area Laboratory Co-Operative (BALCO) Founded by Victor Conte - created designer steroids
which were undetectable by the drug tests prevalent in those times.

One of the most famous doping scandals was that of BALCO – supplies variety of steroids of
high profile athletes “Marion Jones” she returned her 5 olympic gold medals in Sydney
Olympics 2000

This revelation led to the prosecution of athletes including Olympians such as Tim Montgomery
(the world record holder in the 100m sprint at the time) and Marion Jones, football players
such as Bill Romanowski, and baseball stars such as Barry Bonds, Jason Giambi and Gary
Sheffield, all of whom were found related to BALCO.

Note: If you can have the ability to visit these link https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=X2aeV3fIUDo it’s a short video presentation about drugs in sports dubbed as the dirtiest race
in Olympic history.

This material prepared by Asst. Professor Robin Darwin B. Tuliao is for the exclusive use of the Graduate School in
Master of Arts in Physical Education of the Cagayan State University Carig Campus. No part of it may be reproduced
without permission.
 Cagayan State University
Graduate School
S.Y. 2020-2021 (2ND Semester)
Master of Arts in Physical Education

Exercise I

Name:_____________________________________ Date:____________

Instructions: Situational Analysis: Give your thoughts in the situation below. (Max of 150
words per situation)

1. If each of us ought to be free to assume risks that we think are worth taking, shouldn’t
athletes have the same freedom as anyone else? In particular, athletes prefer the gains
in performance allegedly provided by the use of steroids, along with the increased risk
of harm to the alternative of less risk and worse performance, what gives anyone of the
right to interfere with their choice? After all, if we should not forbid smokers from
risking their health by smoking, why should we prohibit track stars or weightlifters from
taking risks with their health in pursuit of their goals?
Robert Simons, PhD
Professor of Philosophy
“Fair Play: The Ethics of sport

2. There is no coherent argument to support the view that enhancing performance is

unfair, if it were, we would ban coaching and training. Competition can be unfair, if
there is unequal access to particular enhancements, but equal access can be achieved
more predictably by deregulation than by prohibition.

Norman Fost, MD, MPH

Professor and Doctor of the Medical Ethics Program
“Steroid Hysteria: Unpacking the Claims”

This material prepared by Asst. Professor Robin Darwin B. Tuliao is for the exclusive use of the Graduate School in
Master of Arts in Physical Education of the Cagayan State University Carig Campus. No part of it may be reproduced
without permission.
 Cagayan State University
Graduate School
S.Y. 2020-2021 (2ND Semester)
Master of Arts in Physical Education

Exercise II

Name:_____________________________________ Date:____________

Instructions: Research and list five other substances that are banned for enhancing sports
performance according to WADA Code.

Doping Class Effect on performance Dangerous side-effects

Example: Mask pain caused by injury or Addictive

Narcotic analgesics fatigue which can make the
injury worse

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

This material prepared by Asst. Professor Robin Darwin B. Tuliao is for the exclusive use of the Graduate School in
Master of Arts in Physical Education of the Cagayan State University Carig Campus. No part of it may be reproduced
without permission.
 Cagayan State University
Graduate School
S.Y. 2020-2021 (2ND Semester)
Master of Arts in Physical Education

This material prepared by Asst. Professor Robin Darwin B. Tuliao is for the exclusive use of the Graduate School in
Master of Arts in Physical Education of the Cagayan State University Carig Campus. No part of it may be reproduced
without permission.