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Meteorologi 1
2

Dr. Aries Kristianto

STIP JAKARTA

ARIES KRISTIANTO
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Email : aries4stip@gmail.com

3 Recall: Pressure 4

General Characteristics
 Pressure is defined as force per unit area
 Pressure comes in different units:
- Pascals(Pa), milibars(mb), inches of mercury (in
Hg),
pounds per square inch (psi)
 Pressure exists due to molecular collisions

Pressure increases with:

1) Higher density
2) Higher temperature

(1) (2)

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Atmospheric Pressure 5 Atmospheric Pressure 6

 Pressure decreases faster near the surface, less so
 Pressure anywhere in the atmosphere is due to
aloft (due to higher density near surface)
the weight of air above

 Ultimately due to
compressibility

7 Lows and Highs 8

Changing Pressure - Temperature

Cold Warm

Cyclone

Coldest column = highest pressure **

Anticyclone
Warmest column = lowest pressure **

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Measuring Pressure 9 Measuring Pressure 10

 Barometer – an instrument that measures pressure

To Observer : Air Pressure

Included : Characteristic dan trend of air pressure.

1) Mercury barometer
The equipment :
- Precision Barometer.
- Mercury Barometer

11 Measuring Pressure 12

BAROGRAPH
 Barometer – an instrument that measures pressure
2) Aneroid barometer

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Function : to measure air pressure

Barometer Aneroid

Air Pressure on Mean Height MSL

Readinf barometer: 1/10 milibar

Units = millibar (mb) ; Hpa

Barometer air raksa

Corrections to Mercury 15 16

Barometer Readings
(a). Mercury Barometer :
1) Correction for altitude (standardized to - Indexe errors.
sea level) - Error of temperature on equipment
- Latitute / gravitation

2) Correction for temperature b). Barometer Aneroid

-erros or scale (bias)
3) Correction for gravity difference with - Height to MSL
respect to latitude - Temperature

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Hygrometer : instrument used for measuring the moisture

content in the atmosphere. (kelembaban udara)

Humidity measurement instruments usually rely on

measurements of some other quantity such as temperature,
pressure, mass or a mechanical or electrical change in a
substance as moisture is absorbed.

Modern electronic devices use temperature of condensation

(the dew point), or changes in
electrical capacitance or resistance to measure humidity
differences.

Unit : %

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THERMOHYGROGRAPH Principle

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Alat Untuk mengukur kelembaban udara
Observation on open air (keep away from Sunshine)

Observer must be faced to the wind came from

Muslin must be in wet before observation start

The psycrometer rotate in fornt of the observer with speed 4 rps

during +/- 2 minutes

 the rotation must be ended slowly

After stop, read the Dry & Bulb Temperature (read 1).

The repeat until 3 times

 look up the table oh RH

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THERMOMETER UDARA :

1. latitude
2. land and water distribution
3. ocean currents
4. Elevation

Isotherms : The lines on the map are connecting places

that have the same temperature.

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The Equpiment using :

Sea Bucket

Termometer on Pipe dan Tank (Intake and Tank

Thermometer)

Hull-Attached Thermometer (Lambung Kapal)

Trailing Thermometer

Radiometer

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VISUAL
State of Sea / Beaufort Scale

USING INSTRUMENT
- Wind driection : wind vane,
- Wind speed : anemometer.

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Included :

•Sling / Whirling Psycrometer

•Hand Anemometer

•Portable Barometer

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