INDUSTRI CAT : SOLVENT

Dr. Eng. Heri Satria, M.Si., S.Si.

BASIC COMPOSITION OF PAINT

Solvents (Liquids)

Pigments
Additives

Resins (Binder)
SOLVENT
SOLVENT
pure or mixed liquid that is used
to make the paint flow able prior
to its application.

chemical substances that can

dissolve, suspend, or extract
other materials, usually without
chemically changing either the
solvents or the other materials
 SOLVENT
 True solvent—A liquid that can dissolve the binder.
 Diluent—A liquid that cannot dissolve the binder by itself
but can be added to a solution to increase its capacity for
the binder.
 Latent solvent—A liquid that cannot dissolve the binder by
itself but increases the binder’s tolerance for a diluent.
 Thinner—Any pure or mixed liquid added to a paint to
reduce its viscosity (make it more flowable).
 Front-end solvent—A fast evaporating solvent that leaves
the paint very soon after application, usually before the part
reaches the oven.
 SOLVENT
 Exempt solvent—Solvents that do not react with sunlight to
form smog and whose use is not controlled by regulation
 Middle solvent—A medium evaporation rate solvent that
leaves the paint primarily during flash-off and oven warm-up.
 Tail-end solvent—A slow evaporating solvent that leaves the
paint primarily during the baking cycle.
 Retarder—A slow evaporating solvent added to a paint to
prolong the drying time. Typically used to reduce orange
peel or blushing.
 SOLVENT
 Solvent blend—The particular mixture of liquids that
gives a paint the desired flow or evaporation
properties.
 Solvency—The ability of the solvent to dissolve the
binder. The solvent must be able to keep the binder in
solution.
 Evaporation rate—The solvent must evaporate within
the time allowed by the curing schedule.
 Viscosity—The fluidity or flow-ability of the paint. Paint
viscosity is adjusted to provide good atomization and
flow-out.
 HYDROCARBON SOLVENT

Toluene
an aromatic hydrocarbon
used in solvent blends for air-
drying vinyl and chlorinated
rubber coatings as well as a
diluent in nitrocellulose paints
 HYDROCARBON SOLVENT
Mineral spirits
 Mineral spirits are largely aliphatic (but
containing 15–18% aromatics) blend of
paraffins of variable composition.
 They are slow-evaporating and dissolves
most natural resins, oleoresinous varnishes,
and medium- and long-oil alkyd resins.
 Mineral spirit is commonly used as the main
(often sole) solvent for brush-applied
decorative and protective paints based on
these binders.
 It is also used as a cleaning and degreasing
solvent.
 HYDROCARBON SOLVENT
Xylene
 aromatic hydrocarbon widely used
as a solvent for short-oil alkyd,
chlorinated rubber, and
polyurethane resins.
 The good solvating power and
moderate evaporation rate permit
xylene to be used for sag-resistant
spray-applied coatings (even of
relatively thick films) as well as for
baking-cured coatings.
 OXYGENATED SOLVENT
Butyl Alcohol

Butyl alcohol is a slow-evaporating

solvent for a wide variety of oils
and resins, particularly amino and
acrylic resins and also, in solvent
combinations for nitrocellulose
resins.
 OXYGENATED SOLVENT
Ethyl Alcohol
 Is usually used admixed with
methyl alcohol, dyes, and
toxins in the form of industrial
alcohol (methylated spirits).
 Ethyl alcohol, a fast-
evaporating solvent, is used
for poly(vinyl butyryl) as well
as with other solvents for
nitrocellulose.
 OXYGENATED SOLVENT
Ethylene Glycol Monoethyl Ether
 Glycol ether is a slow-
evaporating solvent for
many resins, which is often
added to brush-applied
formulations that cannot
incorporate aliphatic  The high-boiling ethers are
hydrocarbons such as widely used as coalescing
white spirit. aids (solvents) in emulsion
paints.
 OXYGENATED SOLVENT
Acetone
 Acetone is a fast-evaporating powerful
solvent used for vinyl copolymers and
nitrocellulose.
 It is also blended (at low addition levels)
with many other solvents, when its high
solvating power and evaporation rate
modify the properties of the liquid paint
and the film. They are treated just like
water on the
 HEARS (Health, Environmental and
Regulatory Services) program and will be
reported as VOC-less exempt solvents.
 OXYGENATED SOLVENT
Methyl Ethyl Ketone (MEK)
 MEK is a powerful solvent with a
fast evaporation rate, widely
used for vinyl copolymers,
epoxy, and polyurethane
systems.
 It is often blended with less
powerful solvents to modify the
film-forming properties and
application characteristics of
coatings
 OXYGENATED SOLVENT
Methyl Isobutyl Ketone
 Methyl isobutyl ketone is a fast-
evaporating powerful solvent used
in similar applications as MEK but
where a somewhat slower
evaporation rate is required.
 It is also used at low addition
levels in solvent blends where its
fast evaporation rate and high
solvent power will benefit the
properties of the liquid paint and
film-forming characteristics
 OXYGENATED SOLVENT
Butyl Acetate
 Butyl acetate is an ester solvent,
with moderately fast evaporation
rate, of general applicability.
 Formerly butyl acetate was the
major solvent for nitrocellulose
coatings; it is now used for a
wide variety of synthetic resins
but is less powerful than the
ketone solvents.
 OXYGENATED SOLVENT
Ethyl Acetate
 Ethyl acetate is another ester
solvent with rapid evaporation
rate.
 The major application of ethyl
acetate was formerly in
nitrocellulose coatings, but it
now has a somewhat
 wider application. It has a lower
solvating power than the ketone
solvents.