National programs related to

child health and welfare

 Objective for program:-
• Communicable disease
• Environmental sanitation
• Population explosion
• Poor nutrition
 Cont…..
• National – health – policy 2001
• Universal immunization program
• Child survival and safe motherhood program
• Reproductive & child health program
• The diarrheal disease control program
• Nutritional program
 National health policy:-
• For achievement of certain public health goals
the department of health, ministry of health
and family welfare felt necessary to formulate
the achievement of certain public health
goals.
• Goals related to child health 2001-2015
• Eradication of polio by 2005.
• Reduce IMR to 30/100 by 2010.
• Reduce MMR to 100/1lakh by 2010
 Universal immunization program:-
• It is the national program and can be
measured in term of reduction of childhood
morbidity & mortality.
• It is associated with the disease like
• Diphtheria
• Pertussis
• Tetanus •
Polio
• Tuberculosis
• Measles
 Cont…..
• Started as EPI in 1978, with the objective of
increasing immunization coverage in children
below 2 years of age.
• OPV was added to the program in 1979.
• In 1985 the objectives of national
immunization program were arrived and it
was renamed as universal immunization
program for attending universal immunization
coverage if infants & pregnant women.
• Measles vaccine was added to the program in
1985
• UPI became a part of CSSM in 1992 & RCH in
1997
 Child survival & safe motherhood
program (CSSM)
• The CSSM program jointly funded by World
Bank and UNICEF was started in 1992-93 in an
attempt to expand to focus of the govt. of
India from the immunization to wider range of
care for child survival and safe motherhood
intervention.
• This program was implemented in 1996-97
 Objective:-
• To reduce IMR 60/1000 live birth.
• To reduce childhood mortality below 10/1000
• To reduce maternal mortality below 2/100 live
births.
 Strategies:-
Child survival intervention:-
• Essential newborn care
• Immunization
• Management of diarrhea
• Management of ARI
• Vitamin A prophylaxis
 Cont…..
• Safe motherhood interventions:
• Immunization to the pregnant women
• Prevention &treatment of anemia
• Institutional delivery
• Delivery by trained personnel
• Management of obstetric emergencies
• Birth spacing
Steps for achieving these objectives:-
• Establishment of FRU to provide emergency
obstetric services and emergency services for
newborns, infants and children.
• Training of traditional birth attendants
• Provision of disposable kits
• Well equipped subentries for handing maternal &
child health condition.
• Training health personnel in essential obstetric &
newborn care.
• Emphasis on IEC to create awareness among
people regarding maternal & child health to
reduce the morbidity & mortality.
 Reproductive and child health
program
• launched in the year 15th October 1997
COMPONENT
FAMILY PLANNING
CLIENT APPROACH TO HEALTH CARE
CSSM
PREVENTION/MANAGEMENTOF RT/STD/AIDS
 Maternal health intervention:-
• Essential obs. Care
• Emergency obs. Care
• Referral transport
• MTP
• 24 hour delivery services at PHC/CHC
• Prevention, management & control of RTI.
• Training of traditional – birth attendants. •
RCH camps
 Child health intervention
• UPI
• Control of acute resp. infection.
• ORT for control of diarrhea in children.
• Prevention & control of vitamin-A deficiency in
children
• Exclusive breast feeding
• Cleaning
RCH program divided in 3 categories:-
• Category A having 58 districts.
• Category B having 184 districts.
• Category C having 265 districts
RCH phase 1 intervention:-
Intervention in all districts:
• Child survival interventions i.e. immunization,
vitamin A prophylaxis, ORT, prevention of
death due to pneumonia.
• Safe mother hood interventions
• Antenatal checkup
• Immunization of T.T
• Safe delivery
• Anemia control.
 CONT……
• Implementation of target free approach in
charged to community need assessment
approach.
• High quality training at all levels.
• IEG activities
• Special RCH package for urban slums & tribal
areas.
• District sub projects under local capacity
enhancement.
• RTI/STD clinics at district level
• Facility for safe abortion at PHC.
• Enhanced community participation through
panchayats, NGOs & women’s groups.
• Adolescent health & reproductive hygiene.
Interventions in selected districts/states:-
• Screening and treatment of RTI/STD
• Emergency obs. Care.
• Essential obs. Care.
• Additional ANM at sub center in weak dist to
ensuring MCH care.
• Improved delivery service & emergency care by
providing equipment Kits, IUD insertion & ANM
Kits at sub centers
 RCH phase II:-
• Began from first April 2005.
• Focus is to reduce maternal and child
morbidity & mortality with emphasis on rural
health care.
Essential obs. care
qInstitutional delivery qSkill
attendance at delivery
Emergency obs. Care
qOperationalizing FRUS
qOperationalizing PHCs & CHCs for round the
clock delivery services
 National diarrhea disease control
programs:-
• This program of WHO launched in 1978.
Objectives:-
• Prevent child deaths due to dehydration
resulting from diarrhea.
Goals:-
• To reduce diarrheal mortality in children <5yr.
by 70% up to 2000 AD.
• Improvement of water & sanitation facility.
 Strategies:-
• Improved care management which includes early
use of ORT in acute diarrhea and appropriate
feeding during illness & recovery.
• Improved maternal & child health care.
• Emphasis in breast feeding, cleaning, personal
hygiene and domestic hygiene and maternal
nutrition.
• Use of drinking water and sanitation facility.
• Improved food hygiene
• Detection and control of diarrhea epidemics.
• N.B 1992-93 the diarrheal disease control
program became a part of CSSM. In CSSM begin a
part of RCH program.
NUTRITIONAL PROGRAM IN
INDIA:-
• Vitamin A prophylaxis program.
• Prophylaxis against nutritional anemia.
• Iodine deficiency disorder control program.
• Bal-wadi nutrition program.
• ICDS program.
• Mid day meal program.
VITAMIN A PROPHYLAXIS PROGRAM:
-
• Launched by ministry of health & family
welfare in 1970.
• Includes administration of single massive dose
of vitamin A containing 2 Lake IU orally in all
children under 5 yr. of age.
 PROPHYLAXIS AGENT NUTRITIONAL
ANAEMIA:-
• Launched by govt. of India during fourth five
year plan.
• Includes distribution of IFA tablets to the
pregnant Women & young children (1-12 yrs)
 CONTROL OF IODINE DEFICIENCY
DISORDERS:-
• Iodine deficiency is the cause of brain damage
& mental retardation.
• In India prevalence of goiter is 21.14.
 OBJECTIVE:-
• Identification of Goiter edema areas.
• In 1984, the policy of universal salt iodization
was launched.
• In 1992 this program renamed as national
iodine deficiency disorder control program.
AIM:-
• To decrease overall IDD prevalence to less
than 5% in school children between 6-12 yrs of
age.
ACTIVITIES:-
• Surveys to assess the magnitude of IDD.
• Supply of iodized salt.
• Lab monitoring of iodized salt.
• Health education & publicity.
 SPECIAL NUTRITION PROGRAMME:-
• Started in 1970 for nutritional benefits of
children below 6yrs. Pregnant and nursing
mothers.
• Supplementary food supplies about 300 Kcal,
10-12 gm of protein/child/day.
• Beneficiary mothers receive 500Kcal & 25gm
of protein.
• Supplementation is for 300 days/6year.
AIM:-
• To improve nutritional status of the target
groups.
 BAALWADI NUTRITION PROGRAM:-

• Started in 1970 under the change of ministry

of social welfare.
• Benefit in the age group 3-6 yrs. In rural areas
• Provides per primary education to children.
• Provides 300Kcal & 10gm. Of
protein/child/day.
 INTEGRATED CHILD DEVELOPMENT
SCHEME (ICDS):-

• Started in 1975
• Includes supplementary nutrition vitamin A
prophylaxis. IFA distribution.
• Beneficiaries are preschool children,
adolescent girls, pregnant & lactating mothers.
 MID DAY MEAL PROGRAM:-

• Also known as school lunch program.

• Launched in 1961 throughout the country.
OBJECTIVE:-
• To attract more children for admission to
schools & retain them.
• To improve the literacy rate.
 GUIDELINES:-
• Supplementary meals not a substitute to
home diet.
• Meal should at least 1/3rd of the total energy
requirement and ½ of protein nuds.
• Low cost meal
• Easy to prepare locally available foods to be
used for meal prepares.
• Frequently changed menu
AGENCIES
• NATIONAL

INDIAN RED CROSS SOCIETY

CENTRAL SOCIETY WELFARE BOORD

INDIAN COUNCIL FOR CHILD WELFARE

ALL INDIA WOMEN’S CONFERENCE

CHILD RELIEF & YOU

INTERNATIONAL

WHO

UNICEF

INTERNATIONAL RED
CROSS
FAO
 INDIAN RED CROSS SOCIETY :-(IRCS)
• Establishment in 1920
• AIM:-
• To reduce human sufferings with more than 700 branches.
• ACTIVITIES:-
• Relief during disaster.
• Promotion of voluntary blood donation.
• Collection of blood for transfusion.
• Distribution of item like milk powder, medicine, vitamins and
other medical supplies to hospital, dispensaries, maternal and
child welfare centers, schools and or phages.
• A large no. of maternity and child welfare centers are run by
Red Cross. There is a bureau of maternity & child welfare
centers.
• Conduct home nursing and first aid course for women and
school children.
 Central social welfare board:-
• Formed by govt. of India in 1953.
• Functions:-
• Surveying the needs & importance of voluntary
welfare agencies.
• Setting up voluntary social welfare agencies &
promoting their growth.
• Providing financial aid to deserving agencies &
organization.
• Family & child welfare services since 1968.
• Important role in craft training, social education,
educational classes, milk distribution,
establishment and running of Bal-wadi & Play
centers.
 Indian council for child welfare
(ICCW):-
• Establishment in 1952; Affiliated with
International Union For Child Welfare.
• Functions:-
• Initiates and undertakes services for child welfare
and development in India.
• Promotes enactment of legislation and reforms
for the benefit of children.
• The ICCW runs Bal-wadis, crèches & Early
childhood Education centers all over India so as
to provide integrated services in health, nutrition,
non-formal education and recreation for physical,
intellectual, emotional and social development of
children.
 All-India-Women’s Conference
(AIWC):-
• Founded in 1927.
• Function:-
• Upliftment and betterment of women and
children.
• Works for social justice, integrity, equal rights
and opportunities.
 Child Relief & You:-
• Founded in 1979 for the welfare of under
privileged children in India.
• Guided by United Nations Chapter of Child Rights
1989.
• Functions:-
• Right to survival.
• Right to protection from exploitation.
• Abuse &neglect.
• Right to develop through education.
• Right to participation with respect to children’s
view & freedom of expression
International Agencies:-
 World Health Organization (WHO)

• WHO is a non-political, specialized health

agency which has its head quarters at Geneva.
• Established on 7th April 1948; which is now
celebrated as World Health Day.
• Theme selected in every year to achieve the
targets throughout the year.
 Objectives:-

• For attainment of highest level of health by

people.
• Availing all the fundamental rights without
distinction of cast, card, race, and religion,
political& economic conditions.
• To combat the infectious diseases.
• To promote general health of people of the
world.
•
 Functions of World Health
Organization
• Directing & co-coordinating health programs
throughout the world.
• Prevention & control of communicable & other
septic diseases.
• Epidemic warnings & surveillance work.
• International health statistics.
• Supporting research related to health problems.
• Collection & publication of health literature &
information.
 Activities of WHO In India:-
• Malaria eradication.
• Control TB & communicable diseases.
• Health laboratory services.
• Manufacture of vaccines.
• Public health administration.
• Reproductive &child health.
• Quality control of drugs.
• Help in medical & nursing education
 United Nations International
Children’s Emergency Fund (UNICEF):-
• It is the specialized agency of United Nations
was established 11th dec.1946.
• In 1953,it was renamed as United Nations
Children Fund after the end of emergency
operations.
• The head quarter of UNICEF is in New York.
• Provides long term humanitarian and
developmental assistance to children and
mothers in developing countries.
 Functions:-

• Distribution for essential item like; vaccines.

• Anti retro viral drugs for children &mother’s
with HIV.
• Nutritional supplements.
• Emergency shelters.
• Education.
 Services:-

• Child health.
• Nutrition.
• Education.
• Water supply.
• Social welfare
 Child health:-
• Production of vaccines
• Environmental sanitation
• Primary health care to mother & children
• Immunization
• Family health services
• Safe water
• Adequate sanitization
 Nutrition:-

• Applied nutrition program for community

development.
• Agricultural extension.
• School health services.
• Helping diary projects.
• Prevention of nutritional deficiency diseases.
• Supplementation of vitamin A, iodizing salt,
IFA, milk powder.
 Education:-

• Expanding and improving teaching science

with collaboration of UNESCO.
• Strengthening science labs.
• Supplying of A-V aids to the educational
institute.
• Providing books & educational materials.
 Water supply:-

• Promoting use of ground water.

• Helping in digging wells in rural areas.
Social welfare:-
• RCH services
• Promoting CSSM program.
• Contributing to PHC.
• G: - growth chart
• O:-Oral rehydration
• B:-breast feeding
• I:-immunization
 International Red Cross:-
• It is a non political, nongovernmental,
international humanitarian organization.
• Established by harry Dunant in 1864.
• The head quarter is in gereva with more than
90 countries its members
 Objective:-
• To serve suffering humanity •
To provide first aid
• Home nursing
• Health education
• Maternal & child welfare services
 Food & agriculture organization
(FAO):-
• Established in 1945.
• Head quarter is in Rome.
• Objective:-
• Helping the nation to improve living standards of
citizens.
• To improve nutritional status of the countries.
• To improve agriculture, fisheries & forestry
output.
• To improve status of rural population.
• To increase food production
• Bibliography:-
• Sharma R, pediatric nursing, edition 2013,
page no:- 8-30
• Marlow R. Dorothy, text book of pediatric
nursing, page no:-
• www.pubmed/152979
• www.infancy.net
• http//infancy.net
•